CASE STUDY 100:

The most effective site for an Indoor-Outdoor Sports

Complex in the vicinity of Laguna

SUBMITTED BY:

De Leon, Ciannon Joseph C.

Dimaano, Pricilla Joy E.

A54

SUBMITTED TO:

Ar. Ma. Socorro Gacutan

AR171 – 1P: Planning 1

DATE SUBMITTED:

April 22, 2020

 1. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
Two sites are proposed for the construction of an Indoor-Outdoor Sports Complex in San Pablo and
Los Baños, Laguna. This study is to establish what site is more efficient for the construction of the
Sports Center.

1.1. Goals
1.1.1. Maximum benefit from the land
1.1.2. Maximum protection of the environment
1.1.3. Maximum convenience of the user
1.2. Objectives
1.2.1. To determine the natural factors that will influence the site development of a sports
center
1.2.2. To determine the cultural factors that will influence the site development of a sports
center
1.2.3. To determine the aesthetic factors that will influence the site development of a sports
center

2. RESEARCH AND INVENTORY

2.1. Site
2.1.1. Site A: San Pablo, Laguna

Site A is located in Santa Veronica, San Pablo, Laguna and is situated at Barangay Santa Lucas 1,
south-west of the city of San Pablo. San Pablo is considered to be as the village of Sampalok and also known
to be the City of 7 Lakes, having Sampalok, Palakpakin, Yambo, Pandin, Bunot, Mohikap, and Calibato. It is a
location that is surrounded by various trees, mountain ranges, and quiescent volcanoes. The province is
known to be the largest and one of the oldest provinces in Laguna. It has a total population of 260, 068 with a
1.81% growth rate. The total land area of the province is about 197.60 km2. The Site is currently situated in a
local farmland inside the vicinities of the forest. It is surrounded with various trees and vegetation with very
minimal infrastructures near the vicinity.

NATURAL PROOFS & FINDINGS

FACTORS PHOTOS

Topography FIGURE 1.0.1, In figure 1.0.1, the map shows that the site is currently in a remote
FIGURE 1.0.8 area in Santa Veronica, San Pablo, Laguna. It lies in the
& FIGURE coordinates 14°02'50.8"N 121°17'17.4"E.
1.0.9
In figure 1.0.8, the site is shown to have a 3-8% slope of land and is
considered to be gently sloping to undulating. the percent of the
whole city of San Pablo to have this kind of slope is around 53.99%.
 In figure 1.0.9, it shows that the site has no drastic slope definition
as the contour lines are far from it.

Vegetation FIGURE 1.1.5 The figures show that the site is currently situated close to
& FIGURE untouched wilderness as it consists of a large amount of broad and
1.1.6 palm trees. Various wild plants can be seen in the area since the
site is close to a forest.

Hydrology FIGURE 1.0.6 In Figure 1.0.6, the map shows various existing water sources in
& FIGURE San Pablo, Laguna. All of them aren’t for tourists and other leisure
1.0.7 activities but for fishing and aquaculture.

Figure 1.0.7 shows the distance from the site in Sta. Veronica to the
nearest water source, Sampaloc Lake. It is about 5.14km apart
from each other.

Wildlife FIGURE 1.2.1 The Figure shows the existing animals around the vicinity.
Considering that the site is a farmland, various farm animals are
present in the area such as chickens, cows, and goats.
Furthermore, since the site is surrounded by trees and forests,
various forest animals would be present either.

Soil FIGURE 1.1.1 Figure 1.1.1 shows the soil type that is currently present in San
& FIGURE Pablo, Laguna. Furthermore, the site is resting in the red area
1.1.2 which consists of Lipa Loam. It is classified as an acidic, friable and
permeable substance with decent drainage that supplies various
nutrients like potassium, phosphorus, and other organic matter.

In Figure 1.1.2 on the other hand, shows that the soil is fit and
highly suitable for the building of the Sports Center.

Geology FIGURE 1.0.5 Given in the Figure, the fault line nearest to the designated site is
(Fault Line) the West Valley fault which is 28.1km far. Because of this, the site
is not limited to any hazardous eventualities of the fault line and can
surpass contingency plans.

Climate FIGURE 1.0.4 Figure 1.04 shows that the majority of the areas in San Pablo, for
& FIGURE around 57.70% of land area, are not prone to flooding and
1.1.3 landslides. In addition, the site is also conveniently located in those
areas.

However, In Figure 1.1.3, various minor areas that are more than
1.5m deeper and lower than the average land height can be prone
to flooding.

CULTURAL
FACTORS

Land use and FIGURE 1.1.0, The figures portray the zoning of the buildings all throughout San
Zoning FIGURE 1.1.2, Pablo, Laguna.
Ordinance for & FIGURE
San Pablo, 1.1.3 Figure 1.1.0 shows the planning structure of San Pablo as a whole.
Laguna It consists of various types of facilities including agricultural,
commercial, institutional, residential, industrial, and others. The
Población in the middle is where crucial facilities are located as it is
the main point of San Pablo.

Figure 1.1.2 shows the areas that are suitable for building
commercial and industrial structures that fit the ordinances. The
site, Santa Veronica, being highly suitable.

Figure 1.1.3 shows that the site is currently being used as

residential buildings and other small facilities. It mostly consists of
forests and vegetation.

Landscaping Landscapes and seascapes should be protected as it is considered

to be a belonging to the NIPAS System per NIPAS Act. These are
to be set aside pursuant to a decree.

Setbacks The minimum setbacks for building density and bulk regulations
shall be of 7 meters from the property line.
 Parking Parking is allowed and a must in a Sports Center.

Lots having at 20 or more parking slots must have a landscape with

appropriate trees and vegetation. Minimum height of trees shall
have an occupancy permit and must be at least 1.8m high.

Capacities of slots should strictly follow the NBC. Parking areas

should not be encroached and located in the RROW.

Laws Minimum 1 slot/ 50m² of gross floor area

(National Parking Slots
Building for Sports 1 bus parking slot for every 200 spectators
Code) Center

FIGURE 1.2.2 The Figure shows the Standard Dimensions of Parking Slots that
we should know in the Philippines

Traffic FIGURE 1.0.2 The vicinity shown in the figure demonstrates that there are little to
& FIGURE no vehicles that are circulating around the area. The type of
1.0.3 vehicles that often pass through those narrow streets are commonly
small to medium-sized vehicles. (e.g. tricycles, motors, SUV)

Nuisances FIGURE 1.2.0 The Figure the shows the various facilities in around the vicinity of
the site. An SLC Events place not to near the site from the west, a
basketball further from the east, a water station that is near the
east, and a couple of residential buildings that are around the area.

Demographic FIGURE 1.1.7 San Pablo has a total population of 266,068 with a 1.81% growth
rate.
FIGURE 1.1.8
In figure 1.1.7, Females outnumber males by 0.4%, having 133,515
FIGURE 1.1.9 for females and 132,533 for males.

Figure 1.1.8 shows the age group of the population. It shows that
15-64 years old have the most population with 175,347, 0-14 years
old with 77,054, and 65+ years old with 13,667

Figure 1.1.9 shows a more precise age distribution. It shows that 0-

19 years old carry the most population in San Pablo, Laguna.

AESTHETIC
FACTORS
(MAN-MADE
& NATURAL)

Views & FIGURE 1.1.5 The Lot is surrounded by trees and other types of vegetation. The
Vistas & FIGURE Focal point of the vicinity are the weather, natural ambiance, and
1.1.6 views as It can overlook various mountains in the vicinity. Other
Focal Point & vistas throughout San Pablo are various lakes.
Ambiance
 FIGURE 1.0.1: CORNER LOT SITUATING IN STA. VERONICA. SITE VICINITY (ADAPTED FROM
GOOGLE MAPS, SREET VIEW)

FIGURE 1.0.2: CLOSER VICINITY OF THE SITE (ADAPTED FROM GOOGLE MAPS, STREET VIEW)
FIGURE 1.0.3: STA. MARIA – STA. VERONICA ROAD. ROAD ADJACENT TO THE SITE (ADAPTED
FROM GOOGLE MAPS, STREET VIEW)

FIGURE 1.0.4: GEOHAZARD MAP (ADAPTED FROM: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN, CITY OF
SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)
FIGURE 1.0.5: STA. VERONICA, SAN PABLO, LAGUNA. FAULT LINE (ADAPTED FROM PHIVOLCS-
Fault Finder)
 FIGURE 1.0.6: EXISTING WATER USE MAP OF THE CITY OF SAN PABLO, LAGUNA (ADAPTED
FROM: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN, CITY OF SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)

FIGURE 1.0.7: NEAREST LAKE FROM THE LOT (ADAPTED FROM GOOGLE MAPS, SATELLITE VIEW)
FIGURE 1.0.8: SLOPE ANALYSIS (ADAPTED FROM: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN, CITY OF
SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)

FIGURE 1.0.9: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP (ADAPTED FROM: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN, CITY
OF SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)
FIGURE 1.1.0: CONCEPT STRUCTURE MAP OF SAN PABLO (ADAPTED FROM: COMPREHENSIVE
LAND USE PLAN, CITY OF SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)

FIGURE 1.1.1: SOIL TYPE MAP OF SAN PABLO (ADAPTED FROM: COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE
PLAN, CITY OF SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)
 FIGURE 1.1.2: STABILITY MAP FOR COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL USE (ADAPTED FROM:
COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN, CITY OF SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)

FIGURE 1.1.3: LAND USE MAP OF SAN PABLO, LAGUNA (ADAPTED FROM: COMPREHENSIVE
LAND USE PLAN, CITY OF SAN PABLO. VOLUME 1)
FIGURE 1.1.4: SAN PABLO, LAGUNA. FLOODING MAP (ADAPTED FROM: http://www.nababaha.com/)

FIGURE 1.1.5: VIEW OF TREES AND VEGETATION FROM THE SITE (ADAPTED FROM: GOOGLE
MAPS, STREET VIEW)
FIGURE 1.1.6: VIEW OF THE LOT IN FRONT OF THE SITE IN 2015 (ADAPTED FROM: GOOGLE MAPS,
STREET VIEW)

FIGURE 1.1.7: GENDER POPULATION IN SAN PABLO, LAGUNA (ADAPTED FROM:

https://www.citypopulation.de/php/philippines-luzon-admin.php?adm2id=043424)

FIGURE 1.1.8: AGE GROUPS IN SAN PABLO, LAGUNA (ADAPTED FROM:

https://www.citypopulation.de/php/philippines-luzon-admin.php?adm2id=043424)
 FIGURE 1.1.9: AGE DISTRIBUTION IN SAN PABLO, LAGUNA (ADAPTED FROM:
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/philippines-luzon-admin.php?adm2id=043424)

FIGURE 1.2.0: ZONES THAT ARE NEAR THE SITE (ADAPTED FROM: GOOGLE MAPS, SATELLITE
VIEW)

FIGURE 1.2.1: FARM ANIMALS AND WILDLFE IN THE VICINTIY (ADAPTED FROM: GOOGLE MAPS,
STREET VIEW)
FIGURE 1.2.2: MINIMUM PARKING DIMENSIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES (ADAPTED FROM: NBC)

FIGURE 1.2.3: TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP FROM NAMRIA (ADAPTED FROM:

http://www.namria.gov.ph/download.php)
 2.1.2 Site B: Los Banos, Laguna

Site B is in Maahas, Los Banos, Laguna situated at approximately 14.1743, 121.2590, in the island of
Luzon. Los Banos is covered with 14 barangays and over 20% is covered with arable and plantation and about
12% remains grassland.  It is one of the 30 Local Government Units of the province of Laguna with a total
population of 96,954 and annual growth rate of 2.57%. which lays between the shore of Laguna de Bay and
the legendary Mt. Makiling. Historically, the municipality of Los Banos is known for its therapeutic pools of
mineral hot springs at the base of mystic Mount Makiling wherein, the name literally means in Spanish
language “the baths”. 

NATURAL PROOFS & FINDINGS

FACTORS PHOTOS

Topography See Figure  The site has the limit which can completely expand the
2.6 utilization of the complex located in the southern portion of the
basin within the coordinates of 120º57’48” to 121º10’12” N
latitude and 14º9’36” to 14º20’24” E longitude.
 Reduction discrepancy of the area to be utilized by the users.
 Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 14.5 meters or
47.6 feet above mean sea level.

Vegetation See Figure The site has lavished tropical vegetation with a range of barks and a
2.5 large group of different palms, grasses, and timber trees. A few plants
filled in as the salary premise of certain individuals in the territory. The
site is predominantly an open land rice production area.

Hydrology See Figure2.3 Laguna de Bay is located within the vicinity of the map, the lake is
& 2.7 used for various purposes such as navigation, reservoir, households,
fishery, power plants, industry and agriculture which may influence the
condition of flooding in the area. 

Wildlife See Figure Natural habitats exist in increasingly fragmented locations in Los
2.5 Banos.  However, there is no wildlife present in the site, since it is
bounded by the wall. Road and rail routes create barriers that can
prevent wildlife moving freely in the area. 

CULTURAL
FACTORS

Land use and See Figure The proposed site is useful for a sports complex since the proposed
Zoning 2.2.1 land use is considered as commercial.  The state of the environment
will be expected to help the utilization of the user which has a great
 network that will benefit profit to the complex. It likewise has a great
view that establishes options to get to access the complex. 

Climate (Flooding) See Figure Zone has an advancement and needs further approval with regards to
2.3 flood, then it has low vulnerability and no recognized avalanches.

Traffic See Figure  The map shows the traffic volumes in Maahas, Los Baños
2.2.2 region and following were in regards to the caught traffic
volume of the site. The site has a quick volume of vehicles
which may not happen in rush hour gridlock along the zone.
  Site is good when it comes to the site standards. 

Nuisances See Figure The site is vacant land with no structures and is good for sport center
2.3 development. The map is near a pharmacy store, shops and there are
no establishments that are emitting in unreasonable or toxic quantities
that may affect the health and sanitation which may be declared as a
nuisance for the users.

Zoning Ordinance Landscaping Recommended planting materials should be used in-between

for  buildings and pathways to physically segregate visually linkage.
Los Banos,
Laguna 

Parking No on-road stopping or stopping without cushion strips and upper

state park space are empowered. In the interim, available parking and
outside space will have a scene or landscape. 

Setbacks The minimum standard for building setback shall be at least 4 meters
from the property lines and minimum of 10 meters from the road. 

AESTHETIC
FACTORS (MAN-
MADE &
NATURAL)

Views & Vistas See Figure The area has manufacturing shops, office buildings and more
2.6 around which refer to land that is intended to generate a profit, as well
as larger residential rental properties. There are also a lot of
attractions in the Los Banos Area.

Focal Point See Figure The focal point in Laguna, Los Banos is its view, ambience and
2.1 weather. 

Ambiance See The site radiates a good environment for a sport facility and is an open
Figure 2.1 land area with a natural atmosphere that is considered as commercial
which provides quaint surroundings. 
 Figure2.1shows the Site Vicinity. (Adapted from: Google Maps Satellite View)

Figure2.2.1 shows the Closer Vicinity View of the Site (Adapted from : Google Maps Satellite View)
 Figure2.2.2 shows the Maahas, Los Banos, Laguna Traffic View Conditions
 (Adapted from : Google Maps) 

Figure 2.3 shows Maahas, Los Banos, Laguna Site Conditions Map (Adapted from: hhtps://hazardhunter.georisk.gov.ph )
 Figure 2.4 shows the Fault line  Seismic Hazard Map
(Adapted from : PHIVOLCS-Fault Finder)

Figure 2.5 shows the Maahas, Los Banos Laguna Vegetation View

(Adapted from : Google Maps Satellite)

 Figure 2.5 shows the Maahas, Los Banos Laguna Vegetation View
(Adapted from : Google Maps Satellite)

Figure 2.6 shows the Slope and Land Cover Map (Adapted from: geoportal.ph )
 Figure 2.6 shows the Los Banos Topographic Map
(Adapted from NAMRIA)

Figure 2.7 shows the Geographic Location and Boundary of the Los Baños
sub-basin in Laguna de Bay.
(Adapted from: LLDA GIS )
2.1.4 Site Planning Requirements for Sports Center

Activity for All Purpose

Walkable Communities and Sports Facilities

Connected Walking and Cycling Routes

Co-Location of Sport and Community Facilities of Users

Network of Multifunctional Space

High quality spaces and materials

Appropriate Infrastructure for Sports and Physical Activities

Standard Management, Maintenance and Evaluating of Spaces

Activity Promotion Accessibility

 2.1.5 Site Planning Principles for Sports Center

Fit for Purpose

Practical and Affordable for the long-term

Multi-Shared Use

Future-Proofed

Flexible and Functional Space

Universal Design

Health and Safety

Environmental Sustainability

Location and Access

3. ANALYSIS 
3.1. Site A: San Pablo, Laguna

Site A is located in San Pablo, Laguna which is known to be the largest and one of the oldest
among provinces in Laguna. It is situated in Santa Veronica in Barangay Santa Lucas 1, south-west of
the province. The whole province exhibits an almost flat surface ranging from an 84.31 percent area of
0-18% slopes. in addition, the designated site covers a 3-8% slope which is ideal for the building. The
soil that is existent in the site is Lipa Loam which can be very efficient and suitable for the construction
building. The area is not prone to risks and hazards as the area is far from the nearest fault line and
flooding rarely occurs. The site is also near multiple water sources since the city contains various lakes.
However, the site's location may not be ideal due to the current state of the site. It is located in a
pseudo-remote area that's surrounded by trees with very minimal buildings and developed
infrastructures. the site is also situated on a farmland which can be detrimental to farmers as well as
the building users. Moreover, since it's situated in a forest, various wildlife would be impaired from the
construction.

In the cultural side of the site, the city of San Pablo is a well-developed province as it consists of
various types of facilities that would best benefit users. It also provides adequate areas for the site
construction. In addition, Santa Veronica is highly suitable for the type of building. Zoning Ordinances
and regulations doesn't give collateral adjustments that would give problems to the Sports Center.
However, in terms of traffic, the site is adjacent to a narrow road which can be susceptible to traffic
congestions. the streets are not design for mass transportation as it is only intended for local and travel
purposes. The site can be considered as an isolated land since various facilities around the site are just
for local intentions which makes noise not an issue. Furthermore, the city of San Pablo as a decent fair
of population ranging from 266,000 - 270,000 people with a 1.81% growth rate. Statistics also show that
the people settling in San Pablo are suitable to use the Sports Center. The majority of the population
consists of teens to adult people. however, the site is currently far from where the users are situated.

In terms of its Aesthetics, the site is covered with wild trees and vegetation. This gives a relaxing
and soothing feel due to its natural factors and ambiance. It has wonderful views of mountains in the
vicinity and when further stray from the site, various lakes can also be seen. however, because of being
isolated in the forest and situating on farmlands, odour can be unlikely due to the scent of farm and wild
animals. The situation can be very hard to maintain.

3.2. Site B: Los Banos, Laguna

Site B is in the Municipality of Los Banos which is considered as a first-class urban municipality

in the province of Laguna.  The land cover classes were determined and description it provides surface
water and is also the major recharge zone for ground water that supplies most of the water needed by
surrounding lowland municipality. Land use changes in the sub watershed were driven by demand for
food, income, policy intervention, and sustainability of agricultural system. The town lies on the northern
slopes of the long dormant volcano Mount Makiling. The slope grade of the site’s location falls under 8-
18%, characterized by unportrayed by to moving inclines. The uplands are rolling to steep areas where
both agriculture and forestry are practiced on slopes ranging upward from 18 percent. The site is the
site has lavished tropical vegetation with a range of barks and a large group of different palms, grasses,
and timber trees and has no recorded sightings of wildlife. The body of water nearest to the site is the
Laguna Lakee , which is 25.4 km away.

One of the pros in terms of the cultural factors gathered through the maps from PHIVOLCS
FaultFinder and geoportal site is the site’s low vulnerability and no recognized avalanches to most
geohazards conditions. The findings show that flooding and rain conditions are less likely to occur
within the vicinity of the site. The East Valley Fault extends to about 17.24 kilometers and the nearest
fault is the Tesla-Ortiglita fault zone and the O'Neill fault zone, both located about 8 miles west of Los
Banos. It is vulnerable and intensity although it may not pass through the site, these faults can produce
ground motion in Los Banos. It is situated in front of the highway, with a pharmacy store to its left side,
and shops to its right side. There are no establishments that are emitting in unreasonable or toxic
quantities at its rear. Possible source of noises for the site could be from the vehicles and commotions
for the other establishments for it is near shops. In this area, the average traffic is fast, and no traffic
which occur even during the peak hour. Majority of Los Banos land sustainability is for agriculture, very
high biodiversity attributed to the area and commercial buildings. 

In the interim, for the aesthetic factors of the site, there are no momentous perspectives that can
be seen from the Site B. A few mountains and trees that impact the attractions and ambience in the
area.  In any case, no imperative central focuses, given that its an open land territory close from
restaurants or shops foundations.
1. EVALUATION AND SELECTION
1.1. Checklist of Criteria

CRITERIA SITE A SITE B

NATURAL

0% to 10% slope

Geology (Fault lines &

Earthquakes)

Absence of endangered
wildlife

Absence of endangered
vegetation

Absence of bodies of water

CULTURAL

Pedestrian Traffic

Vehicular Traffic

Origin-Destination

Nuisances (Presence of
undesirable activities near
the site)

Climate (Flooding and

Solar)

AESTHETIC

Views & Vistas (Man-made

or Natural that influences
orientation)

Focal Point

Ambiance

TOTAL 8 11

BEST SITE
4. CONCLUSION

The best site for the construction of the Sports Center is determined by comparing Site A and
Site B and its factors being Natural, Cultural, and Aesthetics. Both Sites provides adequate amount of
beneficial advantages, but both also provide reasonable drawbacks that gives the other more
significance.

Both share beneficial similarities such as they both are far from the nearest fault line, wealthy of
water sources, surrounded by trees and natural habitats, and a decent climate that gives rare hazards
and disasters. Although, both sites also provide a decent topography, San Pablo provides a better
slope ranging from 3-8% whilst Los Banos is 8-18%. San Pablo also has a better site for noise
distribution as its significantly unobtrusive compared to Los Banos. The differences between the two
are not drastic and still suitable in its own way.

However, there are other pertinent measures wherein Site B bests Site A notwithstanding its
similitudes. For instance, the sophisticated location that includes the traffic pattern information, Site B
has fast volume of vehicles which may occur despite the peak hours gridlock along the zone and does
not experience high traffic. Checking its safety measures from the direct ballistic points in spite of the
way that it is inclined to risks, it is still fundamental and appropriate to establish a recreational facility in
Site B that is further accessible to the lives of the users for it is developed with near establishments.
Site B has progressively ideal qualities that will bring an economical rise and value to the community,
since it is close to the major highways, and close to a water source to have irrigation for the outdoor
circulation of the facility and convenience for the users. In conclusion, the best and most suitable site
for the Sports Center is Site B, Los Banos, Laguna. Although San Pablo can be a promising site, the
benefits and suitability of what a Sports Center requires are present in Los Banos as its factors give
more significance and are highly essential compared to what San Pablo has to offer.