Boiler Operation Manual

印尼棉兰 2×200MW 燃煤电厂项目
PLTU 2 SUMATERA UTARA 2×200MW MEDAN
锅炉运行手册
Boiler Operation Manual
第一版
Edition No. 1
2013 年 11 月
November, 2013
0
印尼棉兰 2×200MW 燃煤电厂项目
锅炉运行手册
编制人提交时间翻译人提交时间审核人提交时间其他说明
第一版王小宁 2013、11、12

第二版
第三版
第四版
批准日期
周利民 2013、11、13
审核日期
宋荣茂 2013、11、13
校对日期
张继锋 2013、11、13
编制日期
王小宁 2013、11、12
1
PLTU 2 SUMATERA UTARA 2×200MW MEDAN PROJECT
Boiler Operation Manual
Compile Submission Translated Submission Approved Submission

Others
d by Date by Date by Date
Wang Nov. 12th
Ed.1
Xiaoning 2013
Ed.2
Ed.3
Ed.4
Approved Zhou
Date Nov. 13th, 2013
By Limin
Reviewe Song
d By Rongmao
Checked Zhang
By Jifeng
Prepared Wang
By Xiaoning
2
前言
Preface
本手册是根据印尼棉兰2×200MW燃煤电站项目锅炉设备制造商中国东方电气集团公司提供的锅
炉使用维护说明书和相关图纸以及锅炉辅机设备制造厂提供的全部使用维护说明书和相关图纸
编制的，规定了印尼棉兰2×200MW燃煤电站项目200MW机组锅炉主辅机设备的运行、操作、维
护和事故处理的一般原则和方法。
This manual has been compiled in accordance with the boiler instructions and relevant
drawings supplied by Dongfang Electrical Corp and all instructions and relevant drawings
supplied by boiler auxiliary equipment manufacturers, and it provides the basic principles and
methods for the operation, maintenance and fault handling of boiler main and auxiliary
equipments of Medan 2×200MW Coal-fired Power Plant in Indonesia.
本手册仅适用于印尼棉兰2×200MW燃煤电站项目锅炉主辅机设备运行、操作、维护和事故处理。
It is only applicable to the operation, maintenance and fault handling of boiler equipment in
Indonesia Medan 2×200MW Power Plant.
3
目录
Contents
1 锅炉概述.......................................................................................................................................................... 12
1 BOILER OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................................12
1.1 锅炉整体概述..........................................................................................................................................12
1.1 BOILER OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................12
1.2 锅炉系统框架图......................................................................................................................................16
1.2 BOILER SYSTEM....................................................................................................................................... 16
1.3 给水及省煤器系统..................................................................................................................................16
1.3 FEEDWATER AND ECONOMIZER SYSTEM................................................................................................ 16
1.4 汽水系统..................................................................................................................................................19
1.4 STEAM AND WATER SYSTEM....................................................................................................................19
1.5 烟风系统..................................................................................................................................................26
1.5 FLUE GAS SYSTEM.................................................................................................................................. 26
1.6 煤粉系统..................................................................................................................................................30
1.6 PULVERIZING SYSTEM..............................................................................................................................30
1.7 排污及疏放水系统..................................................................................................................................32
1.7 BLOWDOWN AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM..................................................................................................... 32
2 锅炉技术规范.................................................................................................................................................. 36
2 BOILER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................36
2.1 主要设计参数..........................................................................................................................................36
2.1 MAIN DESIGN PARAMETER...................................................................................................................... 36
2.2 主要承压部件及管道..............................................................................................................................38
2.2 MAIN PRESSURE PARTS AND PIPELINE.................................................................................................. 38
2.3 锅炉水容积..............................................................................................................................................43
2.3 BOILER WATER CAPACITY....................................................................................................................... 43
2.4 燃烧系统规范..........................................................................................................................................44
2.4 COMBUSTION SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................. 44
2.5 煤粉燃烧器规范......................................................................................................................................45
2.5 PC BURNER SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................45
2.6 安全阀和 PCV 阀....................................................................................................................................45
2.6 SAFETY VALVE AND PVC VALVE............................................................................................................. 46
2.7 排污扩容器参数......................................................................................................................................47
2.7 PARAMETERS OF BLOWDOWN FLASHTANK.............................................................................................47
2.8 燃料特性..................................................................................................................................................47
2.8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL.................................................................................................................... 47
4
2.9 燃油（轻柴油）特性..............................................................................................................................48
2.9 CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL OIL (LIGHT DIESEL OIL)..............................................................................48
2.10 汽、水品质质量标准..............................................................................................................................49
2.10 STEAM AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS..............................................................................................49
3 锅炉联锁及保护.............................................................................................................................................. 53
3 INTERLOCK AND PROTECTION.............................................................................................................. 53
3.1 机、炉、电大联锁保护..........................................................................................................................53
3.1 INTERLOCK PROTECTION OF TURBINE, BOILER AND GENERATOR.........................................................53
3.2 锅炉联锁及保护总则..............................................................................................................................53
3.2 BOILER INTERLOCK AND PROTECTION GENERAL PRINCIPLES...............................................................53
3.3 锅炉大联锁逻辑说明..............................................................................................................................54
3.3 THE LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS FOR BOILER INTERLOCK..............................................................................54
3.4 MFT 保护.................................................................................................................................................56
3.4 MFT PROTECTION....................................................................................................................................56
3.5 OFT 保护.................................................................................................................................................60
3.5 OFT PROTECTION....................................................................................................................................60
4 锅炉启动.......................................................................................................................................................... 62
4 BOILER STARTUP........................................................................................................................................62
4.1 锅炉启动通则..........................................................................................................................................62
4.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR BOILER STARTUP........................................................................................ 62
4.2 锅炉启动前的试验项目..........................................................................................................................63
4.2 TEST ITEMS BEFORE BOILER STARTUP................................................................................................... 63
4.3 锅炉启动前的检查..................................................................................................................................87
4.3 INSPECTIONS BEFORE BOILER STARTUP................................................................................................ 87
4.4 锅炉上水..................................................................................................................................................90
4.4 BOILER WATER FILLING........................................................................................................................... 90
4.5 锅炉邻炉加热..........................................................................................................................................93
4.5 NEIGHBOR BOILER HEATING................................................................................................................... 93
4.6 锅炉启动中的注意事项..........................................................................................................................96
4.6 PRECAUTIONS DURING BOILER STARTUP...............................................................................................96
4.7 炉膛吹扫..................................................................................................................................................98
4.7 FURNACE PURGING................................................................................................................................. 98
4.8 锅炉点火................................................................................................................................................100
4.8 BOILER IGNITION....................................................................................................................................100
4.9 升温、升压............................................................................................................................................113
4.9 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RISING................................................................................................ 113
4.10 冲转、并网、升负荷阶段锅炉的操作................................................................................................117
5
4.10 BOILER OPERATION DURING TURBINE ROLLING, SYNCHRONIZATION , AND LOAD INCREASE............117
4.11 锅炉温态、热态、极热态启动............................................................................................................121
4.11 BOILER WARM STARTUP, HOT STARTUP, AND SUPER HOT STARTUP..................................................121
5 锅炉运行维护及调整....................................................................................................................................123
5 BOILER OPERATION MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT............................................................123
5.1 正常运行参数及控制指标....................................................................................................................123
5.1 NORMAL OPERATION PARAMETERS AND CONTROL INDEX..................................................................123
5.2 锅炉运行维护的要求............................................................................................................................127
5.2 REQUIREMENT FOR BOILER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE..............................................................127
5.3 锅炉运行调整的要求............................................................................................................................128
5.3 REQUIREMENT FOR BOILER OPERATION AND ADJUSTMENT...............................................................128
5.4 锅炉燃烧工况正常应具备的条件........................................................................................................129
5.4 REQUIREMENT FOR BOILER NORMAL COMBUSTION WORKING CONDITION.......................................129
5.5 锅炉运行调整........................................................................................................................................130
5.5 BOILER OPERATION ADJUSTMENT........................................................................................................130
5.6 燃烧调整................................................................................................................................................141
5.6 COMBUST ION ADJUSTMENT..................................................................................................................141
5.7 锅炉运行定期工作................................................................................................................................157
5.7 PERIODIC TASKS FOR BOILER OPERATION.......................................................................................... 157
6 锅炉停运........................................................................................................................................................161
6 BOILER SHUTDOWN................................................................................................................................ 161
6.1 停炉方式................................................................................................................................................161
6.1 SHUTDOWN METHODS.......................................................................................................................... 161
6.2 停运前的准备工作................................................................................................................................162
6.2 PREPARATION BEFORE SHUTDOWN..................................................................................................... 162
6.3 正常停炉................................................................................................................................................162
6.3 NORMAL SHUTDOWN.............................................................................................................................162
6.4 锅炉停运中的注意事项........................................................................................................................166
6.4 BOILER SHUTDOWN PRECAUTIONS...................................................................................................... 166
6.5 锅炉停运后的工作................................................................................................................................167
6.5 TASKS AFTER BOILER SHUTDOWN........................................................................................................ 167
6.6 锅炉停运后的保养................................................................................................................................167
6.6 BOILER MAINTENANCE AFTER SHUTDOWN........................................................................................... 167
7 事故处理........................................................................................................................................................170
7 TROUBLE-SHOOTING.............................................................................................................................. 170
7.1 事故处理通则........................................................................................................................................170
7.1 TROUBLE-SHOOTING PRINCIPLE........................................................................................................... 170
6
7.2 机组的紧急停运和故障停运................................................................................................................171
7.2 UNIT EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN AND FAULTY SHUTDOWN...................................................................171
7.3 机组甩负荷时锅炉的处理....................................................................................................................177
7.3 BOILER OPERATION DURING UNIT LOAD SHEDDING...........................................................................177
7.4 锅炉燃烧系统故障................................................................................................................................178
7.4 BOILER COMBUSTION SYSTEM FAULTS................................................................................................ 178
7.5 锅炉水位事故........................................................................................................................................186
7.5 BOILER WATER LEVEL ACCIDENT......................................................................................................... 186
7.6 锅炉承压部件损坏................................................................................................................................191
7.6 BOILER PRESSURE PARTS DAMAGE.....................................................................................................191
7.7 锅炉汽水系统故障................................................................................................................................202
7.7 BOILER STEAM AND WATER SYSTEM FAULTS.......................................................................................202
7.8 RB 动作(辅机故障快速减负荷).......................................................................................................... 206
7.8 RB ACTIVATION (RUN BACK CAUSED BY AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT FAULTS)........................................206
7.9 厂用电中断............................................................................................................................................208
7.9 AUXILIARY POWER INTERRUPTION........................................................................................................ 208
7.10 仪用电源中断........................................................................................................................................210
7.10 INTERRUPTED INSTRUMENTAL POWER.................................................................................................. 210
7.11 安全门故障............................................................................................................................................211
7.11 SAFETY VALVE FAULT............................................................................................................................ 211
7.12 控制气源中断........................................................................................................................................212
7.12 INTERRUPTED CONTROL STEAM SOURCE.............................................................................................. 212
8 辅机设备运行通则........................................................................................................................................215
8 OPERATION RULES FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT.........................................................................215
8.1 辅机试转要求........................................................................................................................................215
8.1 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT TRIAL OPERATION REQUIREMENTS.................................................................. 215
8.2 启动前的检查........................................................................................................................................216
8.2 CHECK THE FOLLOWING BEFORE STARTUP:........................................................................................216
8.3 辅机启动................................................................................................................................................217
8.3 AUXILIARY STARTUP.............................................................................................................................. 217
8.4 辅机运行中的维护和检查....................................................................................................................217
8.4 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION DURING AUXILIARY OPERATION.......................................................217
8.5 辅机紧急停止........................................................................................................................................219
8.5 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN OF AUXILIARIES ........................................................................................... 219
9 引风机............................................................................................................................................................220
9 I.D FAN......................................................................................................................................................... 220
9.1 引风机规范............................................................................................................................................220
7
9.1 SPECIFICATION OF ID FAN.................................................................................................................... 220
9.2 风机启动前的检查准备........................................................................................................................220
9.2 INSPECTION AND PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTUP OF AIR FANS.................................................... 220
9.4 引风机的启动........................................................................................................................................221
9.4 STARTUP OF ID FAN...............................................................................................................................221
9.5 风机运行调整与维护............................................................................................................................223
9.5 OPERATION, ADJUSTMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF AIR FAN............................................................... 223
9.6 引风机的停运........................................................................................................................................225
9.6 SHUTDOWN OF I.D FAN.........................................................................................................................225
9.7 引风机故障跳闸....................................................................................................................................226
9.7 ID FAN TRIP DUE TO FAILURE................................................................................................................ 226
9.8 风机运行中的常规故障........................................................................................................................228
9.8 COMMON FAILURES DURING FAN OPERATION...................................................................................... 228
9.9 风机启停及运行过程中电机和辅助设备............................................................................................229
9.9 STARTUP/SHUTDOWN OF FANS AS WELL AS MOTOR AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT DURING OPERATION
229
10 送风机........................................................................................................................................................231
10 F.D FAN.................................................................................................................................................... 231
10.1 送风机规范............................................................................................................................................231
10.1 SPECIFICATION OF FD FAN................................................................................................................... 231
10.2 风机启动前的检查准备........................................................................................................................231
10.2 INSPECTION AND PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTUP OF AIR FANS.....................................................231
10.3 送风机的启动........................................................................................................................................232
10.3 STARTUP OF FD FAN............................................................................................................................. 233
10.4 送风机的停运........................................................................................................................................235
10.4 SHUTDOWN OF THE F.D FAN................................................................................................................ 235
10.5 送风机故障跳闸....................................................................................................................................236
10.5 FD FAN TRIP DUE TO FAILURE...............................................................................................................236
10.6 风机运行中的常规故障........................................................................................................................238
240
11 一次风机....................................................................................................................................................241
11 P.A FAN.................................................................................................................................................... 241
11.1 一次风机规范........................................................................................................................................241
11.1 SPECIFICATION OF PRIMARY AIR FAN................................................................................................... 241
11.2 风机启动前的检查准备........................................................................................................................241
8
11.2 INSPECTION AND PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTUP OF AIR FANS.....................................................241
11.3 一次风机的启动....................................................................................................................................242
11.3 STARTUP OF PRIMARY AIR FAN..............................................................................................................242
11.4 风机运行调整与维护............................................................................................................................243
11.4 OPERATION, ADJUSTMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF AIR FAN............................................................... 243
11.5 一次风机的停运....................................................................................................................................244
11.5 SHUTDOWN OF PRIMARY AIR FAN........................................................................................................244
11.6 一次风机故障跳闸................................................................................................................................245
11.6 PA FAN TRIP DUE TO FAILURE.............................................................................................................. 245
11.7 风机运行中的常规故障........................................................................................................................247
248
12 密封风机....................................................................................................................................................250
12 SEAL FAN.................................................................................................................................................... 250
12.1 密封风机规范：....................................................................................................................................250
12.1 SEAL FAN SPECIFICATION..................................................................................................................... 250
12.2 密封风机启动前检查............................................................................................................................250
12.2 INSPECTATIONS BEFORE SEAL FAN START.......................................................................................... 250
12.3 密封风机的相关逻辑............................................................................................................................250
12.3 RELATIVE LOGIC OF SEAL FAN............................................................................................................. 250
12.4 密封风机启动注意事项........................................................................................................................252
12.4 CONSIDERRATIONS FOR SEALING AIR FAN STARTUP............................................................................252
12.5 密封风机的故障....................................................................................................................................253
12.5 SEALING AIR FAN FAULTS.....................................................................................................................253
13 制粉系统....................................................................................................................................................255
13 COAL PULVERIZING SYSTEM........................................................................................................... 255
13.1 设备规范................................................................................................................................................255
13.1 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION.................................................................................................................. 255
13.2 磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油系统启动前的准备、检查及运行....................................................................257
13.2 PREPARATIONS , CHECKS AND OPERATIONS BEFORE LUBE OIL SYSTEM STARTUP OF MILL GEARBOX
257
13.3 磨煤机、给煤机的运行前检查............................................................................................................259
13.3 COAL PULVERIZER AND COAL FEEDER CHECK BEFORE OPERATION................................................... 259
13.4 制粉系统的启动....................................................................................................................................261
13.4 STARTUP OF PULVERIZING SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 261
13.5 制粉系统的运行....................................................................................................................................267
9
13.5 OPERATION OF PULVERIZING SYSTEM...................................................................................................267
13.6 制粉系统的停止....................................................................................................................................270
13.6 SHUTDOWN OF PULVERIZING SYSTEM................................................................................................. 270
13.7 制粉系统事故处理................................................................................................................................273
13.7 TROUBLESHOOTING OF COAL PULVERIZING SYSTEM.......................................................................... 273
14 空气预热器................................................................................................................................................283
14 AIR HEATER............................................................................................................................................283
14.1 设备规范及设计参数............................................................................................................................283
14.1 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN PARAMETERS.....................................................................283
14.2 空预器启动前的检查及试验................................................................................................................286
14.2 PRESTART CHECK AND TEST OF AIR HEATER...................................................................................... 286
14.3 空气预热器的启动................................................................................................................................288
14.3 STARTUP OF AIR HEATER...................................................................................................................... 288
14.4 空气预热器的运行维护........................................................................................................................290
14.4 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE OF AIRHEATER...................................................................................... 290
14.5 空气预热器的停止................................................................................................................................295
14.5 SHUTDOWN OF AIR HEATER..................................................................................................................295
14.6 空气预热器的常见故障及处理............................................................................................................300
14.6 COMMON FAILURES AND TROUBLE SHOOTING OF AIR HEATER......................................................... 300
15 燃油系统....................................................................................................................................................308
15 FUEL OIL SYSTEM................................................................................................................................ 308
15.1 概述........................................................................................................................................................308
15.1 OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................. 308
15.2 设备规范................................................................................................................................................308
15.2 EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................308
15.3 启动前的检查与准备............................................................................................................................309
15.3 CHECK AND PREPARATION BEFORE STARTUP..................................................................................... 309
15.4 炉前燃油系统的投运、运行维护、停运............................................................................................310
15.4 STARTUP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SHUTDOWN FOR FUEL OIL SYSTEM BEFORE FURNACE..310
15.5 系统运行故障及处理............................................................................................................................311
15.5 FAULTS AND SOLUTIONS OF SYSTEM OPERATION................................................................................. 311
16 吹灰系统及烟温探针................................................................................................................................315
16 SOOT BLOWING SYSTEM AND FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE PROBE..................................... 315
16.1 概述........................................................................................................................................................315
16.1 OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................. 315
16.2 设备规范................................................................................................................................................316
10
16.3 吹灰系统投运前的检查........................................................................................................................317
16.3 INSPECT THE FOLLOWING BEFORE ACTIVATING SOOTBLOWERS........................................................ 317
16.4 吹灰系统投运的条件............................................................................................................................318
16.4 CONDITIONS FOR STARTUP OF SOOTBLOWING SYSTEM..................................................................... 318
16.5 吹灰器的运行操作................................................................................................................................318
16.5 SOOTBLOWER OPERATION....................................................................................................................318
16.6 吹灰注意事项........................................................................................................................................320
16.6 PRECAUTIONS FOR SOOTBLOWING...................................................................................................... 320
16.7 烟温探针的运行与维护........................................................................................................................321
16.7 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FLUE GAS PROBE....................................................................... 321
17 汽包双色水位计........................................................................................................................................323
17 STEAM DRUM BI-COLOR WATER GAUGE.....................................................................................323
17.1 冷态时水位计的投用............................................................................................................................323
17.1 ACTIVATION OF WATER GAUGE IN COLD STATE...................................................................................323
17.2 热态时水位计的投用............................................................................................................................323
17.2 ACTIVATION OF WATER GAUGE IN HOT STATE..................................................................................... 323
17.3 水位计的冲洗........................................................................................................................................324
17.3 FLUSHING OF THE WATER GAUGE........................................................................................................324
17.4 水位计的解列........................................................................................................................................324
17.4 DISCONNECTION OF WATER GAUGE.....................................................................................................324
17.5 水位计运行中的注意事项....................................................................................................................325
17.5 PRECAUTIONS FOR WATER GAUGE OPERATION..................................................................................325
18 火焰监视探头冷却风机............................................................................................................................327
18 COOLING AIR FAN FOR FLAME DETECTOR PROBE..................................................................327
18.1 概述........................................................................................................................................................327
18.1 OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................. 327
18.2 设备规范................................................................................................................................................327
18.2 SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 327
18.3 启动前检查与准备................................................................................................................................328
18.3 INSPECTIONS AND PREPARATION BEFORE STARTUP........................................................................... 328
18.4 冷却风机的启动、运行维护、停止....................................................................................................328
18.4 STARTUP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SHUTDOWN FOR COOLING AIR FAN.............................. 328
18.5 风机正常运行中的注意事项................................................................................................................329
18.5 NOTICES DURING NORMAL OPERATION OF AIR FAN............................................................................. 329
18.6 风机运行中的故障及原因....................................................................................................................329
18.6 FAULTS AND CAUSES DURING AIR FAN OPERATION............................................................................329
19 空气压缩机................................................................................................................................................333
11
19 AIR COMPRESSOR OF ASH CONVEYING SYSTEM.....................................................................333
19.1 概述........................................................................................................................................................333
19.1 OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................. 333
19.2 设备规范................................................................................................................................................333
19.3 空压机启动前的检查与准备................................................................................................................336
19.3 INSPECTIONS AND PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTUP OF AIR COMPRESSOR.................................... 336
19.4 空压机的投运、运行维护、停运........................................................................................................337
19.4 STARTUP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SHUTDOWN FOR AIR COMPRESSOR .............................. 337
19.5 冷冻式干燥机启动前的检查与准备....................................................................................................342
19.5 INSPECTIONS AND PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTUP OF REFRIGERATING DRY FILTER.....................342
19.6 冷冻式干燥机的投运、运行维护、停运............................................................................................342
19.6 STARTUP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SHUTDOWN OF REFRIGERATION DRYER........................ 342
19.7 空压机停机后的保养............................................................................................................................344
19.7 AIR COMPRESSOR MAINTENANCE AFTER SHUTDOWN......................................................................... 344
19.8 储气罐....................................................................................................................................................345
19.8 AIR STORAGE TANK............................................................................................................................... 345
19.9 空压机的故障及处理............................................................................................................................346
19.9 FAULT AND TROUBLE SHOOTING OF AIR COMPRESSOR..................................................................... 346
19.10 冷冻干燥机的故障及处理............................................................................................................... 354
19.10 PROBLEMS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS OF REFRIGERATION DRYER............................................. 354
20 除渣系统....................................................................................................................................................356
20 SLAG HANDLING SYSTEM................................................................................................................. 356
20.1 概述........................................................................................................................................................356
20.1 OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................................................. 356
20.2 除渣系统的联锁....................................................................................................................................358
20.2 INTERLOCK OF SLAG HANDLING SYSTEM............................................................................................. 358
20.3 除渣系统报警装置................................................................................................................................358
20.3 ALARM DEVICE OF ALAG HANDLING SYSTEM...................................................................................... 358
20.4 液压关断门的操作................................................................................................................................358
20.4 OPERATION OF HYDRAULIC SHUTOFF GATE........................................................................................ 359
20.5 除渣设备检修后的运行前检查............................................................................................................362
20.5 INSPECTIONS FOR MAINTAINED SLAG HANDLING EQUIPMENT BEFORE OPERATION......................... 362
20.6 除渣系统的投运、运行维护、停运....................................................................................................363
20.6 STARTUP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SHUTDOWN FOR SLAG HANDLING SYSTEM...................363
20.7 除渣系统故障及处理............................................................................................................................367
20.7 FAULT AND TROUBLE SHOOTING OF SLAG HANDLING SYSTEM.......................................................... 367
12
21 启动锅炉....................................................................................................................................................372
21 STARTUP BOILER................................................................................................................................. 372
21.1 设备相关数据........................................................................................................................................372
21.1 EQUIPMENT RELEVANT DATA................................................................................................................ 372
21.2 结构概述................................................................................................................................................377
21.2 FUEL PROCESS......................................................................................................................................377
21.3 启动前的准备及检查............................................................................................................................379
21.3 CHECK AND PREPARE THE FOLLOWING BEFORE STARTUP................................................................ 379
21.4 启动锅炉的启动、运行维护、停止....................................................................................................382
21.4 STARTUP, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SHUTDOWN FOR STARTUP BOILER................................ 382
21.5 启动锅炉运行中的维护及要求............................................................................................................384
21.5 MAINTENANCE AND REQUIREMENTS DURING OPERATION OF STARTUP BOILER................................ 384
21.6 启动锅炉的停止....................................................................................................................................386
21.6 SHUTDOWN OF STARTUP BOILER......................................................................................................... 386
21.7 启动锅炉的防腐....................................................................................................................................387
21.7 ANTI-CORROSION MEASURES FOR STARTUP BOILER..........................................................................387
21.8 启动锅炉运行中的常见故障................................................................................................................388
21.8 COMMON FAULTS DURING OPERATION OF STARTUP BOILER..............................................................388
21.9 启动锅炉试验........................................................................................................................................390
21.9 TESTS FOR STARTUP BOILER................................................................................................................ 390
21.10 启动锅炉的烘炉............................................................................................................................... 391
21.10 BOILER DRY-OUT AND BOIL-OUT FOR STARTUP BOILER................................................................. 391
21.11 煮炉操作........................................................................................................................................... 394
21.11 BOILER BOIL-OUT OPERATION..........................................................................................................394
21.12 启动锅炉的控制............................................................................................................................... 396
21.12 CONTROL OF STARTUP BOILER..........................................................................................................396
21.13 联锁保护及故障处理....................................................................................................................... 401
21.13 INTERLOCKING PROTECTION & TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................................ 401
22 操作票管理规定........................................................................................................................................403
22 OPERATION PERMIT MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS............................................................... 403
22.1 总则........................................................................................................................................................403
22.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES........................................................................................................................... 403
22.2 正常操作按下列程序进行....................................................................................................................403
22.2 NORMAL OPERATION PROCEDURES.....................................................................................................403
22.3 操作人员有关规定................................................................................................................................404
22.3 REGULATIONS FOR OPERATORS...........................................................................................................404
22.4 监护人的有关规定................................................................................................................................406
13
22.4 REGULATIONS FOR GUARDIANS............................................................................................................406
22.5 下列操作必须由值长或单元长监护....................................................................................................407
22.5 THE FOLLOWING OPERATION SHOULD BE DONE WITH SHIFT LEADER OR RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF THE
UNIT AS THE GUARDIAN......................................................................................................................................407
22.6 其它规定................................................................................................................................................407
22.6 OTHER REGULATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 407
23 附图............................................................................................................................................................408
23 ATTACHED FIGURE..............................................................................................................................408
23.1 锅炉整体布置图....................................................................................................................................408
23.1 BOILER STRUCTURE DRAWING............................................................................................................. 408
23.2 过热蒸汽流程图....................................................................................................................................409
23.2 SUPERHEATED STEAM FLOW PATH...................................................................................................... 409
23.3 过热器喷水减温器................................................................................................................................410
23.3 WATER SPARY DESUPERHEATER OF SUPERHETAER...........................................................................410
23.4 再热蒸汽流程图....................................................................................................................................412
23.4 REHEAT STEAM FLOW PATH.................................................................................................................412
23.5 锅炉给水系统........................................................................................................................................413
23.5 RH EMERGENCY WATER SPAY DESUPERHEATER............................................................................... 413
23.6 锅炉冷态启动曲线................................................................................................................................413
23.6 BOILER COLD STATE STARTUP CURVE................................................................................................. 413
23.7 锅炉温态启动曲线................................................................................................................................416
23.7 BOILER WARM STATE STARTUP CURVE................................................................................................416
23.8 锅炉热态启动曲线................................................................................................................................417
23.8 BOILER HOT STATE STARTUP CURVE................................................................................................... 417
23.9 锅炉极热态启动曲线............................................................................................................................418
23.9 BOILER EXTREMELY HOT STARTUP CURVE............................................................................................418
23.10 烟风系统........................................................................................................................................... 421
23.10 COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT STRUCTURE DRAWING........................................................................... 421
23.11 制粉系统........................................................................................................................................... 421
23.11 BURNER NOZZLE STRUCTURE DRAWINGS.......................................................................................421
23.12 燃烧系统........................................................................................................................................... 423
23.12 PULVERIZED COAL BURNER STRUCTURE DRAWING....................................................................... 423
14
1 锅炉概述
1 Boiler Overview
1.1 锅炉整体概述
1.1 Boiler Overview
1）印尼棉兰2×200MW燃煤电站项目锅炉为东方锅炉厂生产的DG693/13.43-22型
锅炉，其配置为：超高压参数、四角切圆燃烧方式、自然循环汽包炉，单炉膛 п
型布置，燃用印尼褐煤，一次再热，平衡通风、固态排渣，采用三分仓回转式空
预器全钢架、全悬吊结构，炉顶带金属防雨罩。
1) The boiler in the Indonesia Medan 2×200MW coal fired power plant is
manufactured by Dongfang Corporation from Sichuan, China. The
configuration of DG693/13.43-22 type boiler is as follows: supercritical
parameter, four corner tangentially fired, natural circulation steam drum
furnace, single furnace ∏ arrangement, Indonesian lignite coal fired, single
reheat, balanced draft, solid slag discharge, tri-sector regenerative air heater,
complete steel framework and fully suspended structure, with metal rain cover
on top section.
2）锅炉整体采用倒Ｕ型布置。膜式水冷壁与其上部的折焰角形成了炉膛，水冷壁
的高热负荷区采用内螺纹管。炉膛断面尺寸为12400×12080mm，锅炉最高点标
15
高为64760mm ,水冷壁下集箱标高为6200mm，汽包中心线标高54000mm。在
炉膛上部前墙及两侧墙靠水冷壁向火侧布置有壁式再热器，在炉膛上部布置有全
大屏过热器，水平烟道内沿烟气流向布置有屏式过热器热器、高温过热器和高温
再热器，后竖井烟道内布置有低温过热器和低温再热器以及省煤器，尾部烟道布
置两台三分仓回转式空气预热器。过热器管道围成了锅炉水平烟道及后竖井转向
室，形成了包敷管过热器。
2) The boiler is arranged in an inverted U configuration. The membrane type
water wall and upper part furnace nose form the furnace. The high heat load
area of the water wall uses internal thread tubes. The size of the furnace
surface is 12400×12080mm. The elevation of boiler highest point is 64760mm,
and the elevation of lower header of water wall is 6200mm, and the elevation
of the drum center line is 54000mm. The wall type reheater is installed in the
furnace upper front wall and at the point where both sides near the water wall
which face the flame. The whole platen superheater is installed at the upper
part of furnace, and along the flow direction of flue gas inside the duct, the
platen superheater, high temperature superheater and high temperature
reheater, and the low temperature superheater and low temperature reheter
and economizer are installed at the rear vertical shaft gas duct. Two tri-sector
regenerative air heaters are installed in the lower section of the back duct.
Superheater tubes wrap around to form the section between the horizontal flue
gas duct and vertical sections deflecting chamber, which is also forming
enclosed wall superheater.
3）锅炉的膨胀中心设在锅炉对称中心线平面，以标高56400mm炉顶大包上平面与炉
膛后墙向前1300mm平面交叉处作为锅炉膨胀零点。
3) The expansion center of boiler is set in the surface of boiler symmetrical
center line. It takes cross point of the upper surface of elevation 56400mm
drum above the boiler and the surface of 1300mm in front of furnace rear wall
as the zero expansion point.
4) 过热蒸汽主要采用两级喷水减温方式调温，第一级喷水减温器布置在全大屏和屏
过之间，第二级布置在屏过和高温过热器之间。喷水水源取自高压加热器前。一、
二级喷水减温器设在大口径的过热器连接管道上，减温器为迪型管式，减温水从
迪管上的小孔中喷出后雾化，雾化段设有内衬套。
4） Two-stage water spray desuperheating mode is used to adjust the
superheating steam temperature.The primary water-spraying desuperheater is
installed between the whole platen superheater and platen superheater, and
the secondary desuperheater is set between the platen superheater and high
temperature superhater. Water source is taken from the front of HP heater. The
primary and secondary superheaters are installed along the superheater
connecting pipes with large-caliber, and the desuperheater is the flute-tube
type. The dusuperheating water is atomized after spraying from the small
holes on flute-type pipe, and internal bushing is set in the atomization section.
5）燃烧器采四角切圆燃烧方式，四角燃烧器的中心线分别与炉膛中心的两个假想
圆相切，两个假想切圆的直径分别为529mm和830mm。每角燃烧器共有11层喷
口，其中一次风喷口5层，二次风喷口6层（其中一次风1-2,3-4之间设有油枪，
一次风喷口四周有周界风。在锅炉两侧燃烧器区域对称布置有两个大风箱，每个
大风箱提供前后两个角的燃烧器所需的二次风及周界风。由于大风箱对称布置，
使得两侧的风道阻力基本相等，保证两个大风箱分配到的风量基本相等。大风箱
16
设计入口风速较低，故可将其视为一个静压风箱，风箱内风量的分配取决于燃烧
器自身结构特点及其风门的开度，这样也就可以保证前后两个角的燃烧器在相同
的状态下自然得到相同的风量，有利于保证炉膛内火焰中心不偏斜。大风箱固定
在水冷壁上，与风箱内的刚性梁、桁架连为一体。
5) The burners are arranged in a four corner tangentially fired mode. The center
line of the burners cuts through two imaginary circles in the center of the
furnace respectively. The diameters of the two imaginary circles are Φ529mm
and Φ830mm respectively. There are 11 layers of nozzles in the burners of
each corner. Among these, 5 layers are equipped with primary air nozzles. 6
layers hold secondary air nozzles (#1, 2, 3, 4 primary air nozzles are equipped
with an oil gun respectively). Surrounding air is aournd primary air nozzles.
The boiler combustion equipment uses two large windboxes which are placed
symmetrically at the burner area of both sides. The windbox at either side
supply the secondary air and surrounding air to the burners at front and rear
corners. Due to the symmetrical layout of windboxes, the air resistances of two
sides are basically same which could ensure an equal air distribution amount
to two windboxes. The designed inlet air pressure of large windbox is low, so
we could treat it as a static pressure windbox, and internal air distribution is
depended on the structure of burner itself and openness of air damper, which
can not only ensure an equal air distribution amount to the front and rear
corners, but also ensure that the flame center in the furnace has no deviation.
The large windbox is installed on both sides of the water wall in burner zone,
and forms an intergrated structure with the water wall rigid support and truss
structure in windbox.
6）吹灰装置采用蒸汽吹灰器，布置在炉膛内及对流受热面区域。本厂锅炉共安装
三种吹灰器。分别为：IR-3Z炉膛吹灰器，安装34只，安装地点：炉膛；IK-525
长伸缩式吹灰器，安装8台，安装地点：高温过热器、高温再热器区域，工作温
度为1025-950℃；G9B固定旋转式吹灰器，安装12只，安装地点：低温过热器、
低温再热器、省煤器区域，工作温度为450-700℃;
6) Steam sootblowers are used for sootblowing. They are installed in the furnace
and convection heating area. Three kinds of sootblowers are installed for this
boiler: a total of 34 IR-3Z furnace wall sootblowers are installed in furnace; 8
IK-525 long retractable sootblowers are installed at the area of high
temperature superheater and high temperature reheater, and their working
temperature is 1025-950 ℃ ; 12 G9B fixed position rotating sootblowers are
installed at the area of low temperature superheater, low temperature reheater
and economizer, and their working temperature is 450-700℃。
7）制粉系统采用5套MPS190G型中速磨煤机、直吹式冷一次风机系统，MCR工况
下4套运行，1套备用。
7) The coal pulverizing system uses 5 sets of MPS190G intermediate speed coal
pulverizer in a direct air swept cooling primary air system. In the MCR working
condition, 4 sets are in operation and 1 in standby.
8）本期工程2X200MW机组厂内设置除渣系统为一独立单元，设置1套除灰、渣、
石子煤系统。除渣系统采用大倾角水浸式刮板捞渣机，将炉渣连续捞出后直接机
械输送至储渣仓，使锅炉低渣的粒化、冷却、脱水、储运连续完成，渣仓内的渣
定期由自卸汽车运至灰渣场储存。机械输送系统，排石子煤输送系统采用人工小
推车方式。厂外灰渣输送采用汽车外运至灰场。
17
8) The slag handling system is an independent system of this 2X200MW unit. It
has one ash handling, one slag handling system and one pebble coal system.
The slag handling system uses water-immersed scraper slag conveyor with
big dip angle. With this device, the slag will be pelletized, cooled, dewatered
and conveyed continuously. And the slag inside the silo is transferred to slag
yard for storage by the autodumper. The pebble coal rejecting system is using
manual way to take it away with a barrow. Ash and slag are transported to ash
yard by using trucks.
1.2 锅炉系统框架图
1.2 Boiler System
Main
system
of
boiler
Feedw Super Rehea Flue Secon Primar Pulveri Boiler Contin Periodi Water Steam
ater heater ting gas dary y air zed blowdo uous c Draina heatin
and system steam system air system coal wn and blowdo blowdo ge g
econo system system system water wn wn system system
mizer draina system system of
system ge neighb
system or
1.3 给水及省煤器系统
1.3 Feedwater and Economizer System
1.3.1 系统概述
1.3.1 System General Description
锅炉给水经电动门和逆止门分四路进入省煤器入口集箱、省煤器蛇形管。给水加热
后，分别进入布置在省煤器管组上方的四只中间集箱，通过吊挂管引入吊挂上集箱，
最后通过16根连接管引入锅筒。
Through motor-driven valve and check valve, feedwater flows to inlet header, coil
tubes in economizer through 4 routes. After being heated, the feedwater will enter
into the four intermediate headers installed at the upper of economizer pipe
bundles, and then it will be guided to upper header through hanging pipes, finally
transferred to drum through 16 connecting pipes.
1.3.2 系统作用
1.3.2 System Functions
为发电厂锅炉提供具有一定压力和温度的合格水，满足锅炉汽水循环的供水系统。
除盐水由汽机除氧器除氧，给水泵加压、高加加热后，经给水管道送往锅炉给水管
路，调整量后，至省煤器吸收烟气热量，最后送至汽包供锅炉水循环产生蒸汽。利
18
用给水泵压头来克服阻力。
The system can supply water under certain pressure and temperature to boiler,
which meets the requirements of steam & water circulation. Being deoxidized in
deaerator, pressurized by feedwater pump and heated by HP heater, and
regulated by governing valve, demineralized water flows to the economizer,
where it is heated by flue gas. Finally, it flows to steam drum to supply water for
boiler water feeding pipes, after the amount is regulated, it will enter into
economizer to absorb the heat of flue gas, finally supplied to the steam drum for
boiler water circulation to generate steam. Resistance is overcome by the
pressure head of water pump.
1.3.3 系统运行方式
1.3.3 System Operation Mode
1.3.3.1 检查关闭水冷壁排污门、下降管排污门、汽包事故放水门、汽包连排门、给水管道
疏放水门、省煤器疏放水门；
1.3.3.1 Check whether the following equipment are closed: blowdown valves for water
wall and downcomer, steam drum emergency water discharge valve, continuous
blowdown valve for steam drum, drainage valves for feedwater pipeline and
economizer.
1.3.3.2 检查开启锅炉汽包空气门、各级过热器空气门、过热器疏放水门、再热器疏放水门；
1.3.3.2 Check the following valves are open: drum air valves, superheater air valves of
every stage, water discharge and drain valves for superheater and reheater.
1.3.3.3 检查并且投运汽包就地双色水位计、电接点水位计、平衡容器水位计；
1.3.3.3 Check and put the following instruments into operation: steam drum local level
meter with double colors, electric contact level meter and balanced container level
meter.
1.3.3.4 联系启动锅炉上水泵或给水泵，根据锅炉处于的状态调节给水流量；
1.3.3.4 Contact personnel to start up boiler water supply pump or feedwater pump. Adjust
water flow according to the boiler states.
1.3.3.5 采用给水旁路向汽包上水。全开旁路调节阀前后电动门，手动调节旁路调整门的开
度，控制上水量；
1.3.3.5 Supply water to steam drum by bypass system. Fully open motor-driven valves
before and after bypass governing valve. Adjust the openness of bypass
governing valve manually to control water supply.
1.3.3.6 待省煤器空气门连续冒水后，关闭省煤器空气门；
1.3.3.6 Close the air valve of economizer after it has continuous water penetration.
1.3.3.7 当汽包水位上至-100mm 时，停止上水，开启省煤器再循环门。全面检查给水管路
及阀门无泄漏；
1.3.3.7 When water level in steam drum rises to -100mm, stop water supply. Open the
re-circulating valve for economizer. Check the feedwater pipeline and valves are
without leakage.
1.3.3.8 上水前及结束后均应记录锅炉膨胀指示一次；
1.3.3.8 Take records of boiler expansion indication for once before and after water supply.
19
1.3.3.9 根据具体情况选择投用底部加热。
1.3.3.9 Heat bottom according to the real condition.
1.3.4 给水调节
1.3.4 Feedwater Adjustment
给水系统采用单元制，每台机组配置 2×100％最大给水量的电动调速给水泵，通过
调节给水泵的转数来控制锅炉给水量一台运行，一台备用。
The unit system is adopted in the feedwater system, and every unit is equipped
with 2×100 ％ maximum feedwater pump with electrical speed regulation. By
adjusting the rotation speed of feedwater pump to control the boiler feedwater
amount, and one is in operation, and the other one is standby.
1.3.5 给水操纵台
1.3.5 Feedwater Console
给水操纵台共有三条并联管路，一路是主给水管路，配有DN300、PN25MPa电动
闸阀；另一路为启动旁路，设DN125、PN25Mpa的电动截止阀两台及4”进口气动调
节阀1台，第三条是上水与水压试验用小旁路，设DN50、PN25Mpa截止阀两台。
The feedwater console has 3 pipelines in parallel: one is main feedwater pipeline,
which is equipped with DN300, PN25MPa electric gate valve; and the other one is
startup bypass, the DN125 、 PN25Mpa motorized check valves and 4 inlet
pneumatic regulation valves are installed here. The third pipe line is mainly for
feeding water and hydraulic test, and two check valves DN50 、 PN25Mpa are
installed,
1.3.6 省煤器系统
1.3.6 Economizer System
1.3.6.1 省煤器进口采用两端引入式。自给水管路出来的水由左、右两侧分四路分别进入标
高 27700mm 处再热器侧和过热器侧的省煤器进口集箱(Φ273×32，20G)，自下而
上流经单级省煤器蛇形管束，给水加热后，分别进入布置在省煤器管组上方的四只
中间集箱，再由此四只集箱引出Φ42×5，20G 的低温再热器（低温过热器）的吊挂
管，用来支吊布置在尾部竖井中的低温过热器和再热器的重量，吊挂管穿过尾部竖
井炉顶后引入吊挂上集箱，经由 16 根连接管Φ108×10 引入锅筒。为保护省煤器，
在过热器侧（再热器侧）省煤器进口和集中下降管之间分别布置了一条再循环管
（Φ60×6.5，20G）
。
1.3.6.1 The economizer uses two-end draw-in type at the outlet. Water from self-feeding
pipe enters to economizer inlet header (Φ273×32 ， 20G) at reheater side and
superheater side at elevation 27700mm from left and right sides and four-routes.
And the water flows through the single-economizer coil tube bundles from bottom
to top, after being heated, enters to the 4 intermediate headers above economizer
tube bundles, after that, Φ42×5，20G hanging tubes lead from low temperature
reheaters (low temperature superheaters) from four headers are used to support
the low temperature superheater and reheater located in the vertical section.
Crossing through the rear vertical section bottom, the hanging pipes are led to
hanging upper header, and finally guided to drum through 16Φ108×10 connecting
pipes. To protect economizer, a recirculation pipe （Φ60×6.5，20G）is installed
between the superheater side (reheater side) sconomizer inlet and concentrated
downcomers.
20
1.4 汽水系统
1.4 Steam and Water System
1.4.1 系统概述
1.4.1.1 给水经省煤器加热后进入汽包，与锅水混合后进入 6 根集中下降管(Φ377×36)，每
根集中下降管下端均有分配头，由分配头引出 60 根下水连接管(Φ159×16)，将循环
水引入水冷壁前、后及两侧下集箱，经水冷壁受热后变为汽水混合物进入水冷壁上
集箱，从上集箱由 92 根汽水连接管引入锅筒前、后两侧，在汽包内通过汽水分离
装置进行分离，饱和蒸汽通过连接管进入顶棚过热器，而饱和水与省煤器来的给水
混合物进入下降管，再进行循环。
1.4.1.1 Feed water is heated in the economizer then enters the steam drum. Here, it
mixes with the boiler water before flowing into four centralized downcomers
(Φ377×36). Each downcomer has distributing headers which connect to 60 pipes
(Φ159×16). These pipes take the water to the lower headers at the front, back
and both sides of the water wall.The water is heated in the water wall tubes,
becoming a steam-water mixture before entering the water wall upper headers.
Upper headers connect to 92 steam-water pipes (Φ159×18，20G), through which
the steam water mixture enters the steam drum to be separated by the separator
(classifier) in the drum. Saturated steam goes to the penthouse superheater.
Saturated water mixes with feed water from the economizer in the drum and
enters the downcomers to be recirculated.
1.4.1.2 从锅筒引出的饱和蒸汽，进入到各级过热器逐步加热。过热器系统按蒸汽流程(见附
录二)分为六级，依次为顶棚过热器、包墙过热器、低温过热器、全大屏过热器经一
级减温到屏式过热器再经二级减温到高温过热器。
1.4.1.2 Based on steam flow process, the superheating system can be divided into six
stages, which are respectively the penthouse superheater (roof, or ceiling,
superheater), enclosed wall superheater, primary (low temperature) superheater,
large platen superheater, rear platen superheater, and secondary (high
temperature) superheater.
1.4.1.3 再热器系统按蒸汽流程(见附录四)依次分为二级：低温再热器垂直段和水平段、高
温再热器。
1.4.1.3 The steam reheat system can be divided into two stages respectively based on
steam flow process (Refer to appendix four): low temperature reheater vertical
section and horizontal section, high temperature reheater.
1.4.2 系统作用
除盐水先加热成具有一定温度和压力的饱和蒸汽，经过各级过热器把饱和汽加热成
了具有一定温度和压力的过热蒸汽，再热蒸汽由汽机高压缸来进入锅炉继续加热后
重新进入汽轮机中压缸做功，降低了排烟温度提高了锅炉的热效率，减小了汽水系
统的热偏差。
Being heated, saturated steam with a certain temperature and pressure is
generated from the demineralized water, and then turning into superheated steam
after the saturated steam being heated through every superheater, afterwards,
21
the reheated steam will enter into the boiler through turbine HP cylinder and being
heated again to start working in turbine, and by that, exhaust gas temperature is
lowered down, the boiler efficiency is raised and the thermal deviation of steam
and water system is reduced.
1.4.3 系统运行中注意事项：
1.4.3 System Operation Precautions:
1.4.3.1 根据给水温度控制上水速度保障汽包上下壁温差不超过 40℃；
1.4.3.1 Keep the temperature difference between the upper and lower wall of steam drum
within 50℃ according to feedwater temperature.
1.4.3.2 锅炉点火前应维持锅炉点火水位
1.4.3.2 Maintain the boiler ignition position before igniting.
1.4.3.3 启炉或停炉时注意保护过热器和再热器；
1.4.3.3 Protect superheater and reheater during startup or shutdown.
1.4.3.4 运行调整时应注意两侧过热汽温偏差的问题。
1.4.3.4 Pay attention to the temperature difference between two sides during adjustment
in operation.
1.4.3.5 运行操作不应破坏自然水循环。
1.4.3.5 Do not break the natural circulation of water during operation.
1.4.3.6 启停炉间断上水时注意省煤器再循环的操作。
1.4.3.6 Pay attention to the operation of economizer re-circulation during intermittent
water supply of startup and shutdown.
1.4.3.7 启动时应疏尽管道内部的积水，暖管充分保障管道系统的安全。
1.4.3.7 Try to discharge the deposit water in pipes during startup and keep the pipe
system safe when heating.
1.4.3.8 运行过程中应维持汽水系统各参数在规定范围内。
1.4.3.8 Maintain all of parameters of steam and water system within the allowable range
during operation.
1.4.4 炉水循环流程
1.4.4 Boiler Water Circulation Process
给水经省煤器加热后进入汽包，与锅水混合后进入6根集中下降管(Φ377×36)，每根
集中下降管下端均有分配头，由分配头引出60根下水连接管(Φ159×16)，将循环水
引入水冷壁前、后及两侧下集箱，经水冷壁受热后变为汽水混合物进入水冷壁上集
箱，从上集箱由92根汽水连接管引入锅筒前、后两侧，在汽包内通过汽水分离装置
进行分离，饱和蒸汽通过连接管进入顶棚过热器，而饱和水与省煤器来的给水混合
物进入下降管，再进行循环。
Feed water is heated in the economizer then enters the steam drum. Here, it
mixes with the boiler water before flowing into 6 centralized downcomers
(Φ377×36). Each downcomer has distributing headers which connect to 60 pipes
(Φ159×16). These pipes take the circulation water to the lower headers at the
front, back and both sides of the water wall. The water is heated in the water wall
22
tubes, becoming a steam-water mixture before entering the water wall upper
headers. Upper headers connect to 92 steam-water pipes (Φ159×18 ， 20G),
through which the steam water mixture enters the steam drum to be separated by
the separator (classifier) in the drum. Saturated steam goes to the penthouse
superheater. Saturated water mixes with feed water from the economizer in the
drum and enters the downcomers to be recirculated.
1.4.5 炉膛与水冷壁回路
1.4.5 Furnace and Water Wall Loop
整个炉膛四周为全焊膜式水冷壁，炉膛宽度为12400mm，深度为12080mm，水冷
壁管径为Φ60×6.5，20G。管间加焊扁钢，整个炉膛共计580根管子.四角有45°切角，
斜边长905mm。前后墙在标高14227mm处向下对称倾斜成55°的冷灰斗。冷灰斗下
部为12400×1410mm的槽型出渣口。后墙水冷壁上方向后延伸并将管子节距拉为
120mm，仍然作为焊接气密膜式管墙。在水平烟道的出口窗处向上分成两排节距
240mm的顺列水冷管束，侧墙后回路的上升管经过位于折焰角处的中间集箱时重新
排列，每册又引出12根Φ60×6.5的连接管至水平烟道两侧下集箱，从这里再引出41
根上升管构成水平烟道的侧墙。最后以80(无单位？)节距采用缩口管接头引入水冷
壁上集箱。前后墙各192根，两侧墙各169根。水冷壁在热负荷高的区域采用了内螺
纹管，即后墙从标高21050mm到标高50380mm之间、两侧墙中间一管屏从标高
21050mm至42800mm之间、前墙中间两管屏从标高21050mm至42800mm之间采
用内螺纹管，其余为光管，以保持较高的膜态沸腾裕度，水冷壁前后墙下集箱至顶
棚之间距离56300mm，燃烧器上一次风喷口到大屏过热器底部距离为18780mm，
燃烧器下一次风喷口到水冷壁冷灰斗拐角之间距离为4523mm。水冷壁共分 24 个
回路(其中有两个假想回路)。
The whole furnace is surrounded by a fully welded membrane water wall, whose
tube diameter is Φ63.5×7.5 and 20G. The furnace is 12400mm in width and
12080mm in depth. Among the tubes there is welded flat steel. Altogether there
are 580 pipes in the furnace. At the four corners, they have a 45° corner cut. The
sloping side length is 905mm. At the elevation of 14227mm, the front and back
wall goes downside symmetrically at a 55° and form dry bottom hopper, beneath
of which is a 12400×1410mm trough slag hole. The upper part of back wall water
wall extends to the backward and the tube pitch is 120mm. It also serves as
welded membrane water wall. At the horizontal gas duct outlet hole, the pipes are
divided into two rows of in-line water wall pipes with the pitch being 240mm. The
side wall return rising pipes, passing the middle header at the furnace arch, are
rearranged. At each side, 12 connected pipes (Φ60×6.5) go to both sides of the
lower header of the horizontal gas duct, from where 41 rising pipes are led out,
forming the horizontal gas duct side wall. At last, the pipes are led to the water
wall upper header by necking pipe joint with the pitch being 80mm. There are 192
tubes on the front and back wall each, and 169 on either side. Internally threaded
tubes are used in the area where the thermal load is high, i.e., from the elevation
of 21050mm to 50380mm on the rear wall; from 21050mm to 42800mm on tube
platen between side walls; between two tube platens from 21050mm to 42800mm
on front wall. The remaining wall tubes are bare tubes to maintain relatively high
membrane boiling margin. The lower headers of front & rear water wall are
56300mm from the penthouse (roof). The primary air nozzles above the burners
are 18780mm from the base of the large platen superheater. The primary air
nozzles below the burners are 4523mm from the top corners of the water wall
cooling ash hoppers. There are 24 water wall loops, two of which are imaginary.
23
1.4.6 过热器系统流程
1.4.6 System Flow of Superheater
从锅筒引出的饱和蒸汽，进入到各级过热器中逐步加热，按蒸汽流程依次经过顶棚
过热器--包墙过热器—低温过热器到大屏过热器后，经一级减温器到平时过热器—
再经二级减温器—高温过热器，最后从一次蒸汽的出口管道进入电厂主蒸汽管道。
Coming from the steam drum, the saturated steam to be heated, flows into
different superheaters. it passes from roof superheater, enclosure wall
superheater, low temperature superheater, large platen superheater, to primary
desuperheater, platen superheater, to secondary desuperheater, high
temperature superheater, finally to primary steam outlet pipe and then flows to
plant power main steam pipe.
从烟气侧来看，烟气从炉膛出来后经过热器的流程是大屏过热器、屏式过热器、高
温过热器、在后竖井最后是低温过热器。顶棚过热器和包墙过热器是各主要受热面
的附加受热面。在低温过热器出口、全大屏过热器出口和屏式过热器出口蒸汽流程
进行了三次左右混合交叉在后两次混合时进行两次减温。
As for the flue gas, coming from the furnace, it passes through the superheaters
from large platen superheater, platen superheater, high temperature superheater,
rear well and finally low temperature superheater. Roof superheater and
enclosure wall superheater are the supplementary heating surface of the main
heating surface. At the outlets of the low temperature superheater, full large
platen superheater and platen superheater, the steam mixed for around three
times and the steam is also desuperheated for two times when the mix occurs at
the outlets of the full platen superheater and platen superheater.
1.4.6.1 顶棚过热器的布置
1.4.6.1 Layout of the roof superheater
沿着过热蒸汽的流程来看：
从锅炉引出16根∮108×10的连接管将饱和蒸汽引至顶棚过热器入口集箱，在连接管
上设置了4只饱和蒸汽取样器，顶棚过热器由104根∮60×6.5，材质20G的管子，管
子中心线节距为120mm，管间焊有6×60的扁钢制成焊接气密的模式管壁，所有在
烟道内穿越顶棚的各种管子都有相应的密封措施。
As for the superheated steam:
Coming from 16 ∮ 108×10 connected pipes of the boiler, the saturated steam
flows to the inlet header of the roof superheater. There are four saturated steam
samplers equipped on the connected pipes. The roof superheater is made of 104
pipes with the size and material being∮60×6.5 and 20G respectively. The pipes
center line pitch is 120mm. Among the pipes are the welded 6×60 flat steel
air-tight membrane pipe walls. The sealing measures should be available for all
the pipes through the roof superheater in the gas duct.
1.4.6.2 包墙过热器
1.4.6.2 Enclosure wall superheater
顶棚过热器在炉顶中部由顶棚中间集箱分三路进入尾部竖井的包墙部分为前包墙、
中隔墙、后包墙三路并行，向下流至包墙下集箱。前包墙、中隔墙及后包墙与竖井
两侧墙水冷壁一起构成后竖井烟道。前包墙管子为115根，中隔墙管子为115根，后
包墙管子为114根，它们都是由∮38×5，材质为20G的管子，节距为107.5mm，管
24
间加焊扁钢组成模式壁结构。锅炉水平烟道出口窗的前包墙管由光管组成，横向节
距为215mm，与水平烟道出口处水冷壁管束一致成错列布置。
At the top of the boiler, the roof superheater, through middle header goes into
back well enclosure wall section which is comprised of three parallel sections:
front enclosure wall, middle division wall and rear enclosure wall. And then it goes
downward to the lower header. The front enclosure wall, middle division wall, rear
enclosure wall and the water wall at both sides of the well are composed of the
well gas duct. The pipe quantity of the front enclosure wall, middle division wall
and rear enclosure wall are 115, 115 and 114 respectively. The size is ∮ 38×5;
the material is 20G and the pitch is 107.5mm. The structure among the pipes is
the welded flat steel membrane. The front enclosure wall pipes of the boiler
horizontal gas duct outlet hole consist of bare pipes and the horizontal pitch is
215mm. Like the horizontal gas duct outlet water wall pipe bank, the front
enclosure wall pipes are also staggered arranged.
1.4.6.3 低温过热器
1.4.6.3 Low temperature superheater
低温过热器蛇形管是从中隔墙、后包墙下集箱引出的（其中前包墙通过连接管引入
中隔墙）中隔墙引出二排，后包墙引出一排，共三排并绕，逆流布置。蛇形管为 ∮
42×5，材质为20G和15CrMoVG的管子，沿炉宽有114排，顺列布置，横向节距
107.5mm，每排由三根管子成上、中、下三个管组，各组间留有适当空间并设置有
吹灰装置。蛇形管组由省煤器悬吊管支吊，悬吊管共有2排，每排58根，每根悬吊
管都焊有吊耳，每一根吊挂管挂两排蛇形管。蛇形管从顶包墙上穿出引到低温过热
器出口集箱，从左右的三通支管引出两根∮325×36的蒸汽导管左右交叉后转向炉前
分别进全大屏左右入口集箱。
The low temperature superheater coil pipes are led out through the lower header
of the two row pipes of middle enclosure wall and one row pipes of rear enclosure
wall (the front enclosure wall is led to middle division wall through connected
pipes). Those coil pipes are counter-flow arranged. The size of the pipes is ∮
42×5; the material is 20G and 15CrMoVG. Along the boiler, they extend 114 rows
and are in-line arranged, with the horizontal pitch being 107.5mm. In each row,
there are three pipes, making an upper, middle and lower pipe unit. Among each
pipe unit, there is sufficient space left to equip with soot blowers. The coil pipe
units are hung by the suspended pipe of the economizer. There are two rows of
suspended pipes, each with 58 pipes. All suspended pipes are welded with lifting
lugs and each suspended pipe hangs two rows of coil pipe units. The coil pipe are
led out through roof enclosure wall to the low temperature superheater outlet
header. At the left and right three-way branch pipes, there are two cross ∮
325×36 steam guide pipes, going to the boiler front full large platen superheater
left and right inlet header.
1.4.6.3 全大屏过热器
1.4.6.3 Full large platen superheater
悬垂于炉膛上部的全大屏过热器，共有8屏，分成四排排列。左右两排都有各自的
入口集箱和出口集箱，每片大屏由29根∮42×5的12Cr1MoVG钢管绕城U型共有232
根，蒸汽在每一排的两片屏里是从外侧流向中间管组，屏的夹持管和伸到下端的外
面的二根管子由SA-213T91制成。为防止上升的旋烟气冲刷引起的晃动，全大屏过
热器由于横向节距大，采用蒸汽冷却定位管连接定为，全大屏与后屏连在一起纵向
25
连成一排，并依靠后屏的横向定位保持着整体定位。从全大屏左右出口集箱中间出
口三通管引出二根∮325×36的蒸汽连接管，先左右交叉并在管道上减温后进屏式过
热器入口集箱。
Suspended over the upper part of the furnace, the full large platen superheater
has 8 platens and is divided into two rows, each with four platens. The left and
right row has its own inlet header and outlet header. Each platen consists of 29
steel pipes, with the size being ∮ 42×5 and the material being 12Cr1MoVG.
There are all together 232 U type pipes. The steam inside the two platens in each
row flows from the outside to the middle pipe unit. The platen clamp pipe and
another two outside pipes extending to the lower part are made of SA-213T91. To
avoid shake caused by erosion of the rising swirl flue gas, the full large platen
superheater, due to its large horizontal pitch, are fixed by steam cooling fixed pipe
connection. It is connected with the back platen longitudinally to form a row. The
two equipment maintain balance through the back platen horizontal fixed
connection. The two ∮325×36 steam connected pipes, led out by the three-way
pipes at the full large platen left and right outlet header, cross left to right and are
desuperheated before going into the inlet header of the platen superheater.
1.4.6.4 屏式过热器
1.4.6.4 Platen superheater
在炉膛上部，全大屏的后部，布置有16片悬垂式的屏式过热器，它属于半辐射半对
流式过热器，每片屏均由14根∮42×5钢管绕成”u”型顺流，全炉共有224根，除屏的
夹持管，所有伸到屏下的管屏，它的下部约2／3的管子是SA-213T91钢管，其上1
／3的管子和屏的夹持管是12Cr1MoVG的钢管。屏过的平均屏间距为729mm，采用
蒸汽冷却的定位管沿炉宽方向布置，分成左右两组连接定位，以保持横向节距和防
止上升的旋转烟气冲刷引起的晃动。屏过的出口集箱分成左右两只，蒸汽从集箱上
三通管引出，经∮377×36的连接管左右交叉，并在管道上进行第二次减温，再引到
高温过热器入口集箱。
At the top of the furnace and behind the full large platen superheater is the
suspended platen superheater with 16 pieces. It belongs to semi-radiation and
semi-convection type superheater. Each platen consists of 14 pipes with the size
being ∮42×5. They wind into U type down-flow. All together there are 224 pipes.
Except the clamp pipe, all the 2/3 upper part pipes extending down the platen are
made of SA-213T91 and the rest 1/3 part and the clamp pipe are made of
12Cr1MoVG. The average platen pitch of the platen superheater is 729mm. It is
arranged along the direction of the boiler’s width and fixed by the connected
steam cooling fixed pipes in the left and right so as to maintain longitudinal pitch
and avoid shake caused by erosion of the rising swirl flue gas. There are two
outlet headers (left and right) of the platen superheater. The steam, led out
through the header’s three-way pipe, flows to ∮ 377×36 left-right crossed
connected pipe and is desuperheated secondarily before going into the inlet
header of the high temperature superheater.
1.4.6.5 高温过热器
1.4.6.5 High temperature superheater
高温过热器是悬垂在炉顶棚下的单“U”型蛇形管组，它属于对流吸热的过热器，与烟
道顺流布置。沿炉宽布置有 51 排管排，管排的横向节距为 240mm，每排由 6 根∮
42×5 的钢管绕成“U”型，管子材质为 12Cr1MoVG,SA-213T91。管排中管子用带状
26
管夹定位，横向采用蒸汽冷却定位管，分成左右两组连接定位。
Arranged alongside with the gas duct, the high temperature superheater refers to
the single U type coil pipes suspended under the boiler roof. It belongs to
convection heat-absorbing superheater. There are 51 rows of pipe line along the
direction of boiler width with the horizontal pitch being 240mm. Each row consists
of 6 U type pipes with the size being ∮42×5 and the material being 12Cr1MoVG,
SA-213T91. The pipes in each row are fixed by banding pipe clamp and
horizontally they are fixed by steam cooling fixed pipes in the left and right side.
1.4.7 再热蒸汽流程
1.4.7 Reheated Steam Flow
1.4.7.1 再热器的流程
1.4.7.1 Reheater flow
来自汽轮机高压缸排气的蒸汽送到锅炉低温再热器入口集箱，经低温再热器和高温
再热器加热后引入汽轮机中压缸。
The steam from the turbine HP casing flows into boiler low temperature reheater
inlet header. After being heated by the low temperature reheater and high
temperature reheater, it flows into turbine MP casing.
1.4.7.2 高温再热器的布置
1.4.7.2 High temperature reheater layout
高温再热器布置在水平烟道内呈悬垂或者“U”管排，横向节距为200mm，沿炉宽共
60排，每排8根管子∮51×3.5的管子单绕成“U”型，顺流布置，管子材质为SA-213T91，
12Cr1MoVG，为了减少集箱上管接头的排数，同事为了保证管排内外圈有足够的介
质流量，管壁温度在允许范围内，在6根管子上设了3个交叉型管，由后向前第2、3
根是在出口侧烟道外由叉型管汇流在一起，由前向后第4、5根和第6、7根在烟道外
紧靠顶棚的入口侧由叉型管汇流在一起。
High temperature reheater is the suspended or U type pipes arranged in the
horizontal gas duct. The horizontal pitch of the pipes is 200mm and there are 60
rows of pipes in the direction of boiler width. Each row consists of 8 U shape
down-flow pipes with the size being ∮ 51×3.5, and material being SA-213T91
and 12Cr1MoVG. To reduce the quantity of pipe joints on the header and
meanwhile ensure sufficient medium flow outside and inside the pipes and
maintain the pipe wall temperature within allowable scope, 3 cross type pipes are
equipped on the 6 pipes. From the back to the front, the second the third pipes
converge into a cross pipe at the outlet gas duct and from the front to the back,
the fourth, fifth pipes and the sixth, seventh pipes converge into a cross pipe at
the gas duct outside part near the roof inlet side.
1.4.7.3 低温再热器的布置
1.4.7.3 Low temperature reheater layout
低温再热器布置在尾部竖井前包墙和中隔墙之间，分垂直段和水平段两部分。来自
汽轮机的再热蒸汽，分两端从炉左和炉右的冷段再热器进口管道进入低温再热器进
口集箱，114片管排从该集箱引出穿过前包墙过热器的管墙，每片8根管子水平（垂
直）并绕，水平段在省煤器前后悬吊管吊挂后以低温再热器的垂直段上升穿出顶棚
管后进入低温再热器出口集箱。低温再热器蛇形管均为∮42×3.5，下组和中组管材
为20G，上组和出口垂直段为12Cr1MoVG,管排节距为107.5mm，每片管排间由定
27
位装置，每2个相邻的管排均被省煤器悬吊管支吊，所有管排重量通过悬吊管的吊
挂集箱的吊杆，最终传递至锅炉顶板。
Low temperature reheater is arranged between the back well front enclosure wall
and middle division wall. It is divided into vertical section and horizontal section.
The reheated steam, coming from the turbine, flows into low temperature reheater
inlet header through cold stage reheater inlet pipes from the left and right part of
the boiler. 114 pipe rows are led out from the header and go through front
enclosure wall superheater . In each row, there are 8 horizontal (vertical) winded
pipes. The horizontal section, after hanging at the economizer front and back
suspended pipes, rises as the low temperature reheater and goes through roof
pipes and then goes to low temperature reheater outlet header. The size of low
temperature reheater coil pipes is ∮42×3.5; The material of the lower and middle
part pipes is 20G; the material of upper and outlet vertical section is 12Cr1MoVG;
the pipe pitch is 107.5mm. There is fixed device in each row of pipes. Each
neighboring row of pipes is hung by the economizer’s suspended pipes. The
weight of all rows of pipes is finally transferred to the boiler top plate through
suspended pipe’s suspended header boom.
蒸汽自低温再热器出口集箱以 2 根∮426×18 的大口径连接管引向炉前，左右交叉
经备用减温器后进入高温再热器入口集箱。高温再热器出口集箱向左右延伸成出口
段（∮508×25）。再热蒸汽出口管道，在锅炉两侧各布置有 1 套安全阀和 1 套对空
排气阀。
The steam is led to the boiler front part from the low temperature reheater outlet
header with two ∮ 426×18 large connected pipes. After the left-right crossed
pipes and the standby desuperheater, the steam finally flows to high temperature
reheater inlet header. The high temperature reheater outlet header extends to the
left and right and becomes the outlet section ( ∮ 508×25). There are one set of
safety valve and one set of air relief valve at both sides of the boiler for the
reheated steam outlet pipes.
1.5 烟风系统
1.5 Flue Gas System
1.5.1 系统概述
锅炉燃烧系统由将冷空气升压、加热后送往磨煤机和燃烧器的一次风机,和送风机及
空气管道和将燃烧产物从炉膛中抽出、经净化后排至烟囱的引风机、烟气管道、管
道附件和相关设备所组成的系统。
Boiler combustion system consists of the following equipments: PA fan which
pressurizes, heats and transfers the cold air to the coal pulverizer and burner, FD
fan, air pipes ID fan, flue gas ducts, pipe fittings and relevant equipment which
are used to extract the combustion product from the furnace and transfer it to the
chimney after purifying.
1.5.2 系统作用
一次风系统主要作用为干燥、输送煤粉用。二次风系统只作为燃烧助燃用。
28
The purpose of primary air is to dry and convey pulverized coal; the purpose of
secondary air is to ensure complete combustion.
本系统选用中速磨正压冷一次风直吹系统，配东锅厂四角切圆炉。本系统为平衡通
风燃烧系统，配有二台离心式送风机、二台静叶可调轴流式引风机、二台离心一次
风机及二台密封风机，运行期间，空气正压送入炉膛，烟气负压排出炉膛。
A positive pressure direct cold primary air swept pulverizing system with
intermediate speed is used in conjunction with a four corner tangentially fired
boiler. This system is the balanced draft combustion system, which is equipped
with two centrifugal FD fans of movable blades adjustable axial flow, two ID fans
of fixed blades adjustable axial flow, two centrifugal primary air fans and two
sealing air fans for increasing pressure. The positive pressure air is conveyed into
the furnace and the negative pressure flue gas is removed from the furnace
during the operation.
1.5.4 二次风系统
1.5.4 Secondary Air System
1.5.4.1 二次风系统只作为燃烧用。送风机采用室外吸风，进入空预器加热至 378℃，空预
器出口热风引入锅炉的左右两侧二次风大风箱。
1.5.4.1 This system is only used for combustion. FD fans use outside air draft, and the air
is heated to 378℃. The hot air from the air heater is blowed into the secondary air
windbox on two sides of boiler
1.5.4.2 每台锅炉设两套二次风系统，在送风机后，空预器前两冷风道间装有联络风道
（1600×1400），在空预器出口的热二次风道间设有φ3200×2600×4 的联络风道；
热二次风与燃烧器连接处二次风箱为一个半环形，此连接可保证当一台送风机故
障、或低负荷时，两侧空预器仍可以向炉膛均匀送风，从而保证燃烧稳定性和沿炉
膛温度分布均匀，减少热偏差。
1.5.4.2 Every boiler is equipped with two secondary air systems. Behind the FD fan, the
contact air duct (1600×1400) is installed in the middle of two cooling air ducts of
air heater, and the contact air duct (φ3200×2600×4) is installed in the middle of
hot secondary air ducts of air heater outlet. The secondary windbox is semi-circle
type, and is located at the connection part of hot secondary air and burner. The
connection ensures the air heater blows air into the furnace evenly when one FD
fan is faulty or has low load, which ensures the combustion remains stable and
urnace temperature is uniform. This also reduces thermal differentation.
1.5.4.3 在空预器出口设有关断挡板风门，当空预器停运时作关断用。
1.6.4.3 The shutoff damper valve is installed at the outlet of air heater for cutting off the air
when air heater is shutdown.
1.5.4.4 在（热）二次风母管（3200×2600×4）上装有流量测量装置。
1.5.4.4 Flow measurement devices are installed on hot secondary main pipe
(3200×2600×4).
1.5.4.5 空预器为容克式三分仓转子回转式，一次风与二次风同时在预热器内加热。空预器
配备有蒸汽吹灰器，水冲洗系统和消防等系统。
29
1.5.4.5 The air preheater is a tri sector Ljungstrom type air heater. The primary and
secondary air are heated at the same time. The air heater is equipped with steam
sootblowers, water flushing system and fire fighting system.
1.5.5 一次风系统
1.5.5 Primary Air System
1.5.5.1 一次风系统主要作用为干燥、输送煤粉用。一次风机向磨煤机提供一次风以及向给
煤机提供密封风，风机为离心式，通过风机入口调节挡板调节风机流量与压力。每
台风机出口装有隔离风门。
1.5.5.1 The main function of the primary air system is to dry and convey the pulverized
coal. Primary air fan supplies primary air to the coal pulverizers and sealing air to
coal feeders. The primary air fans are centrifugal type, automatically regulating air
flow and pressure by means of inlet vanes control dampers. Isolating dampers
are furnished at the outlets of each fan.
1.5.5.2 一次风进入空预器加热至 370℃后，进入 2000×1200 热一次风母管再分配到每台磨
煤机去。空预器一次风出口装有电动隔离风门，当空预器事故时应关闭对应空预器
的此门。
1.5.5.2 The primary air enters the 2000 × 1200 hot primary air main pipes after being
heated to 370℃ in the air heater, and is then distributed to each coal pulverizer.
An electric isolating damper is installed at the primary air outlet of air heater. The
corresponding damper should be closed when the air heater is faulty.
1.5.5.3 来自一次风机出口的冷一次风引至炉前φ530×4 的冷一次风母管，作为磨机入口调
温风和给煤机密封风风源，调温风分配到每台磨煤机进口与热一次风混合。混合风
（干燥剂）是通过调节装在每台磨煤机进口冷一次风道上的电动调节风门和热一次
风道上的电动调节风门来调节混合风（干燥剂）的风温（332℃），使之最终满足磨
煤机出口风粉混合物 66℃的要求。混合风（干燥剂）风量是由混合风（干燥剂）风
道上的电动调节风门来进行控制。风量多少要满足磨煤机干燥和送粉管流速要求。
1.5.5.3 The cooling primary air from the primary air fan outlet is induced the  530×4
cooling primary air main pipes in front of the boiler. This air is the pulverizer’s
tempering air and sealing air for the coal feeders. The tempering air is distributed
to the inlets of the coal pulverizers and is mixed with the hot primary air. The
temperature (332℃) of the mixed air (drying agent) is adjusted by controlling the
electric regulating air dampers installed inside the cooling and hot primary air
ducts at the inlet of the coal pulverizers. The required air and coal mixture
temperature at the outlet of the pulverizer is 66 ℃ . The flow of the mixed air is
controlled by the electric regulating air damper in the mixed air (drying agent) duct.
The air flow should satisfy the requirement of the pulverizer drying and flow speed
inside the coal supply pipe.
1.5.5.4 当磨煤机事故需紧急停运时，应迅速关断一次热风气动插板门。为防止停磨后冷一
次风倒流至热一次风可能性，同时关断调温压力冷风支管上电动插板门。在磨煤机
入口混合风管（1200×1000×4）上装有流量测量装置。
1.5.5.4 Swiftly close the primary hot air pnuematic shutoff gate when the coal pulverizer
needs to undergo emergency shutdown. At the same time, shutdown the electric
shutoff gate on the tempering pressure cooling air branch pipe to prevent cold air
going backwards and mixing with hot air after pulverizer shutdown. Flow
measurement devices are installed on the inlet mixing air pipe of pulverizer
30
(1200×1000×4）.
1.5.6 密封风系统
1.5.6 Sealing Air System
1.5.6.1 磨煤机密封风系统设置二台增压离心式密封风机，每台容量各为 100％，一台运行，
一台备用。密封风机入口设有滤网和电动调节门，电动调节门可以自动调节风机流
量与压力，当一台运行时另一台入口调节门应关闭。
1.5.6.1 There are 2 centrifugal sealing fans with a capacity of 100 percent in the coal
pulverizer sealing air system. One is in operation and the other is kept as standby.
The filter and motor-driven regulating valve are located at the inlet of the sealing
fan. The regulating valve can regulate air flow and pressure automatically. Note
that when one sealing fan is in operation, the regulating valve of the other sealing
fan at the inlet should be closed.
1.5.6.2 滤网本体上设一路支管至二次热风道上作排灰用，排灰气量约为进气量的 10％左
右，排灰气量通过排灰管道上的调节风门来控制，通过保证滤网出口与排灰气口之
间的压差为零来进行调节。两台密封风机出口设有换向挡板，每台磨密封风总管上
装有电动调节门，支管上（φ325×4）装有电动调节门和手动门，利用手动风门控
制密封风量，使一次风和煤粉不致于外泄。总管上的电动调节门随对应的磨煤机或
给煤机运行或停运情况联锁开启或关闭。
1.5.6.2 A branch pipe connecting to the secondary hot air duct is located on the filter to
remove dust. Air used for dust removal is approximately 10% of total air intake. Air
and dust discharge is controlled by a regulating damper on the dust discharge
pipe. Regulation is achieved via ensuring the pressure difference between filter
outlet and dust outlet opening is zero. A direction changing damper is located at
outlet of each seal fan. Each sealing air manifold of coal pulverizer main pipe is
equipped with motor-driven control valves, Each seal air branch pipe (325×4) is
equipped with motor-driven shutoff gate and manual valve. The manual valve is
used to control the sealing air amount to prevent primary air and coal leakage.
The motor-driven shutoff gate is opened and closed via interlock depending on
the operation or shutdown situation of its corresponding coal pulverizer or feeder.
1.5.6.3 密封风机应能在控制室内进行手控操作启、停（切换）
，当运行的密封风机事故跳闸
或出口风压低时，备用密封风机应能自动启动，换向挡板能自动切换至（已启动）
备用密封风机。
1.5.6.3 Sealing fan should be able to be started up, shut down or switched over manually
in the Control Room. When the running seal fan trips because of accident or low
outlet pressure, the standby seal fan should start up automatically and the
directional changing damper switched automatically to the now started up fan.
1.5.6.4 给煤机密封风从密封风母管直接引出，每路支管上（φ133×4）装有电动关断门和手
动门，利用手动门控制密封风量，使一次风和煤粉不致于外泄。冷一次风联络母管
上还引出一路管道至每台磨煤机出口气封。
1.5.6.4 The sealing air manifold of the coal feeder is directly led from the main pipe of the
sealing air. Each branch pipe (  133×4) is equipped with a motor-driven shutoff
valve and manual valve. The manual valve is used to control sealing air flow to
prevent primary air and pulverized coal leakage. Another sealing air branch pipe
is also on the cooling primary air main connection pipe, connected to the air seal
of each coal pulverizer outlet.
31
1.5.7 烟气系统
1.5.7 Flue Gas System
1.5.7.1 本系统由两台静叶可调轴流式引风机来排除炉膛燃烧产生的烟气。
1.5.7.1 This system use two I.D.Fans of fixed blade adjustable axial flow type to remove
the flue gas from the furnace after combustion.
1.5.7.2 从省煤器出口烟气分二路进入空预器，其进口有隔离风门（锅炉厂范围）。用于事故
发生时作关断烟气用。在空预器启停时也作开启和关断用。
1.5.7.2 The flue gas from economizer outlet enters air heater via two paths. The isolation
air damper (provided by boiler manufacturer) is installed at the economizer inlet to
cut off flue gas supply when a fault occurs. The isolation air damper also opens
and closes when the air heater is being started up and shutdown.
1.5.7.3 空预器后的两路烟气分别进入两台双室四电场电气除尘器，经除尘后的烟气(除尘效
率η≥99.5％)分别进入两台引风机抽出，经烟囱排入大气；两台电气除尘器出口烟道
设有联络烟道及电动关断风门，以满足锅炉低负荷、引风机单边运行时的需要。
1.5.7.3 The flue gas from air heater enters two dual chamber four field-configured ESPs.
The flue gas (dust handling rateη≥99.5％) from ESP is extracted by two I.D.fans
and then vented to the air via the chimney. A connecting flue gas duct and electric
shutoff gate are installed at the outlet flue gas duct of the ESPs when the boiler is
operating with low load or when only one I.D. fan is running.
1.5.7.4 引风机进出口均设有电动隔离风门，当一台风机事故进行检修时作紧急关断烟气用，
在引风机启停时也作开启和关断用。
1.5.7.4 Electric isolation air dampers are installed at the inlet and outlet of I.D. fan to cut
off flue gas supply quickly when one air fan is undergoing maintenance. They also
open and close during I.D. fan start up and shutdown.
1.6 煤粉系统
1.6 Pulverizing System
1.6.1 系统概述
1.6.1.1 本系统为中速磨正压冷一次风机直吹式煤粉制备系统。每炉配五台 MPS190G 型中
速磨。每台磨配一台称重式计量给煤机、一个原煤仓，每台炉分五套独立制粉系统，
四台磨运行可满足锅炉最大连续蒸发量的要求，一台备用。煤粉细度 R90 为 30%
（设计煤）且对设计煤种有 1.1 以上的储备系数。
1.6.1.1 It is a positive pressure direct air swept pulverizing system with MPS190G
medium speed coal pulverizers per boiler. Each pulverizer is equipped with one
gravimetric coal feeder and one coal bunker. There are five independent
pulverizing systems for each boiler. Four pulverizers operating together with one
standby can satisfy the requirements of boiler maximum continuous rating. The
pulverized coal fineness R90 is 30%( design coal) and has a storage coefficient of
more than 1.1 for design coal.
1.6.1.2 运行时，原煤仓中原煤进入给煤机，由给煤机输入磨煤机中碾磨、干燥，磨制后煤
粉由干燥剂（一次风）带入分离器分离。每台磨分离器后有四根φ530×10 煤粉管道，
32
分别向布置在炉膛四角的同一层燃烧器送粉(见煤粉系统流程图），五台磨对应五层
燃烧器。这种布置方式能够保证锅炉运行中停投任何一台磨煤机时炉膛的输入热量
沿前后墙左右侧都均匀分布，有利于防止炉膛结焦，减少炉膛出口烟气温度热偏差
和流量偏差。在每根送粉管上都安装有气动煤粉关断闸板门，可以在 10 秒内快速
关闭，要求有较高的严密性；该气动煤粉关断闸板门在磨煤机运行时开启，当磨煤
机停运或事故时该气动煤粉关断闸板门快速关闭，以防炉膛热烟气倒流入磨煤机内
或冷空气通过磨煤机漏入炉膛，同时送粉管在燃烧器入口处又加装电动插板门，以
作进一步隔断。由于送粉管道到各燃烧器阻力不相同，在送粉管设有可调缩孔，使
各送粉管的阻力平衡一致，利于燃烧调节。
1.6.1.2 Coal from the bunker enters the coal feeder which conveys the coal to the
pulverizer for grinding and drying. The processed pulverized coal is passed
through a classifier by the drying agent (primary air). There are four pulverized
coal pipes behind the pulverizer separator (φ530×10) connecting each classifier
to supply coal to burners on the same layer in the four corners of the furnace (see
pulverized coal flow chart). Five coal pulverizers correspond to five burner levels.
This arrangement ensures even heat distribution along left and right side of front
and rear wall when any one coal pulverizer is shutdown during boiler operation,
thus effectively preventing coking and reducing the flue gas temperature
difference and flow difference at furnace outlet. A pneumatic shutoff valve is
installed in each pulverized coal pipe. It can be closed within ten seconds and
requires a hign air seal. The shutoff valve is opened when coal pulverizer is
running and closed quickly when pulverizer shuts down or accounts with
accidents to prevent the flue gas in the furnace returning to the pulverizers or the
cold air entering the furnace via pulverizers. For enhanced protection, an
motor-driven shutoff valve is installed at the burner inlet. Due to the resistant
difference of each burner in pulverized coal supply pipes, adjustable dampers are
located in the pipes. This keeps the resistance across all the pipes in accordance,
which is beneficial for combustion control.
1.6.1.3 每台磨煤机配有一台 100%容量称重式给煤机。称重式计量给煤机其进出口煤闸门
采用电动闸板型，其气密性好，具有自清洁功能，给煤机壳体配有密封风接口，密
封风压差大于磨煤机入口风压，以防止热风倒流。给煤机设有断煤报警器，堵煤报
警器，煤流监测器等装置，便于事故处理和运行安全。
1.6.1.3 One gravimetric coal feeder with 100 percent capacity is matched to each
pulverizer. With electric shutoff gates located at inlets and outlets of pulverizer, it
has good air tightness and self-cleaning functions. A sealing air port is located on
the housing of the feeder to ensure its pressure is higher than pulverizer inlet air
pressure to prevent hot air backflow. The coal feeder is equipped with coal supply
cutoff alarm, pluggage alarm and coal flow monitor, etc., to assist with
troubleshooting and safe operation.
1.6.1.4 给煤机出力 5~50t/h，其给煤量由改变转速实现，可就地控制或根据锅炉燃烧控制
系统要求进行远程（手动/自动）调节，以实现给煤量与锅炉负荷相匹配。
1.6.1.4 The coal pulverizer output is 6 - 60t/h. The coal flow can be regulated by changing
the rotating speed either at local or in remote control (manual/auto) as required by
the boiler combustion control system to coordinate coal supply with boiler load.
1.6.1.5 每台炉配 5 个原煤仓，每个原煤仓接一台给煤机，四个原煤仓总有效储煤量满足锅
炉最大连续蒸发量时 8 小时以上的耗煤量。
1.6.1.5 Each boiler is equipped with 5 coal bunkers which connect to 5 coal feeders
33
respectively. Total effective coal storage of four bunkers can satisfy over 8 hours
coal consumption under boiler MCR working condition.
1.6.2 系统作用
制粉系统是燃煤锅炉机组的重要辅助系统，它的作用是磨制合格的煤粉，以保证锅
炉燃烧的需要。它的运行好坏，将直接影响到锅炉的安全性和经济性。
Pulverized-coal system is a significant auxiliary system for the unit. Its purpose is
to grind coal into qualified pulverized coal as is required by combustion; its
operation has direct influence on the safety and efficiency of the boiler.
每台磨配一台称重式计量给煤机、一个原煤仓，每台炉分五套独立制粉系统，四台
磨运行可满足锅炉最大连续蒸发量的要求。正常运行时，五套制粉系统四用一备。
Each pulverizer is equipped with a weighing coal feeder and a coal bunker; each
furnace has five individual set of coal pulverization systems, four of which in
operation will meet maximum amount continuous steam generation requirement
of the boiler. During operation, four sets run while one stands by.
1.7 排污及疏放水系统
1.7 Blowdown and Drainage System
1.7.1 系统概述
1.7.1.1 为了保障炉水品质合格，对锅炉水循环系统上加入的能定期和连续排放来改善炉水
品质的系统。定期排放：一般由各个水冷壁下联箱底部设计的定期排放管和定排扩
容器连接的系统。连续排放：由汽包内部蒸发面设计的连续排放管，连续不断的排
走炉水内含盐浓度高的炉水以及炉水中的杂质和悬浮物，经连排扩容器，汽经过汽
平衡管回收至除氧器，水经连排扩容器排往定排扩容器排放的系统。
1.7.1.1 Boiler blowdown and drainage system is utilized to ensure and improve water
quality by periodically and continuously draining the circulating water. Intermittent
drainage system consists of intermittent blowdown flash tank and intermittent
drainage pipes at the lower header of the water tubes. Continuous drainage is a
system that drains water with high mineral content and removes foreign matter
and suspended solids in the water through continuous blowdown flash tank.
Through the continuous blowdown flash tank, steam goes back to deaerator
through steam compensating pipes, while water is discharged to intermittent
blowdown flash tank to be drained.
锅炉汽水系统中设有连续排污和定期排污管路和阀门。连续排污管路自锅筒下部引
出，装设有一直电动截止阀、一只手动截止阀和一只气动调节阀，定期排污管路由
水冷壁下集箱底部（包括尾部竖井水冷壁）引出，每个下集箱的定期排污管路串联
两只（一只手动、一只电动）截止阀。定期排污依回路逐个进行，整个排污过程可
进行程控。
The boiler steam and water system is equipped with continuous and Intermittent
34
blowdown pipes and valves. The continuous blowdown pipes led out from the
bottom of the boiler drum, is equipped with a motor-driven stop valve, a manual
stop valve and pneumatic control valve. The Intermittent blowdown pipes is led
out from the water wall lower header (including vertical flue gas duct water wall).
The Intermittent blowdown pipes of each lower header connects two stop valves
(one manual valves , one motor-driven valve). The Intermittent blowdown
continues loop by loop, which process is program controlled.
1.7.1.2 为了保障锅炉过热受热面的联箱、管道在启动或运行过程中有效的把系统内部的积
水排出，减小热偏差而设计的连接管道、阀门、疏水扩容器等在一起形成的系统。
运停炉时可以通过开疏水保持系统内部的介质流动起到降低温度而不使管壁超温
引起的变形，严重时易损坏受热面。
在各汽水系统中集箱的最低点位置如低再入口集箱，前包墙，中隔墙，和包墙下集
箱，省煤器进口集箱，集中下降管下端入口等均设有疏水管路，在各汽水管路的最
高处均设有放空气管路。
1.7.1.2 Boiler blowdown and drainage system consists of connecting pipes, valves,
blowdown flash tank, etc. that are designed to ensure accumulated water to be
discharged from the super-heating surface headers and pipes so as to reduce
heat difference during startup or operation. During boiler operation and shutdown,
the drainage water can be supplied to ensure the flow of medium in the system so
as to reduce temperature, which can prevent tube deformation and heating
surface damage due to excessively high temperature.
In the lowest point of the intermediate header of the steam and water system,
such as the low temperature reheater inlet header, front enclosure wall, middle
division wall, enclosure wall lower header, economizer inlet header, and the
center downcomer lower part inlet are all equipped with drainage pipes. The
highest parts of each steam and water pipe are all equipped with air vent pipes.
1.7.2 系统作用
1.7.2.1 提高炉水和蒸汽品质，防止受热面结垢和积盐延长设备的使用寿命。
1.7.2.1 The system can help improve water and steam quality and prevent heating
surface scaling and mineral deposit, which can prolong the equipment’s service
life.
1.7.2.2 疏出系统内部的积水，保证机组安全。
1.7.2.2 It drains accumulated water in the system to guarantee the unit safety.
1.7.2.3 保护系统管道。
1.7.2.3 It protects the tubes and pipes.
1.7.2.4 保护汽轮机。
1.7.2.4 It protects the steam turbine.
1.7.3.1 定期排污系统：按照规定时间或根据炉水品质状况，不定期的排放锅炉下联箱沉积
有残渣的炉水。
35
1.7.3.1 Periodic drainage system: according to regulated time or based on the water
quality, discharges water with deposited foreign matter in the lower header.
1.7.3.2 连续排污系统：汽包连续排放一定量含盐浓度高的炉水，对水质状况进行控制。
1.7.3.2 Continuous drainage system: the steam drum continuously discharges certain
amount of water with high salt concentration to control water quality.
1.7.3.3 疏放水系统：机组启停时，利用疏水管路将受热面及管道内的积水排尽。
1.7.3.3 Discharge system: when the unit is shut down, drainage pipes are used to
thoroughly discharge accumulated water on the heating surface and in the pipes.
1.7.4 连续排污系统
1.7.4 Continuous Blowdown System
当炉水品质不合格时，汽包连续排放一定量的炉水至连续排污扩容器，经汽水分离
后，蒸汽排至除氧器，疏水排至锅炉定期排污扩容器。
When the quality of the boiler water cannot meet the standard, steam drum
continuously discharges certain boiler water into continuous Blowdown flash tank.
After the steam and water separation, the steam will be sent to the deaerator, and
the drainage will be sent to the boiler intermittent blowdown flash tank.
1.7.5 定期排污系统
1.7.5 Intermittent Blowdown System
按照规定时间或根据炉水品质状况，不定期的排放锅炉下联箱沉积有残渣的炉水。
该炉水直接排至锅炉定期排污扩容器，在扩容器中分离后蒸汽排大气。
According to the regulated time or the quality of the boiler water, irregularly
discharge the boiler water with residue in the lower header of the boiler. This
boiler water is directly discharged into the boiler intermittent blowdown flash tank.
After it will be discharged into the atmosphere after it is separated.
1.7.6 疏放水系统
1.7.6 Drainage System
启动与停机时，各联箱的疏、放水汇集到一根母管引至锅炉定期排污扩容器。
During the startup and shutdown, the drainage and discharged water in every
header is collected into one main pipe and then is led into the boiler intermittent
blowdown flash tank.
1.7.7 邻炉加热蒸汽系统
1.7.7 Neighbor Boiler Heating Steam System
由辅助蒸汽联箱引一路蒸汽来，经邻炉加热蒸汽联箱送至锅炉各水冷壁下集箱，加
热炉水，缩短锅炉启动时间，节约燃油。
在水冷壁下集箱和顶棚入口集箱内部都有装有邻炉蒸汽加热装置，加热蒸汽参数均
为1.27-1.57MPa, 320-350℃。
One path of steam supplied by the auxiliary steam header is sent to every lower
header of the boiler water wall through the neighbor boiler heating steam header.
It can heat the boiler water, shorten the startup time of the boiler and save the fuel
oil.
36
The neighbor boiler steam heating device is installed at the water wall lower
header and the penthouse inlet header. The heating steam parameter is
1.27-1.57MPa, 320-350℃。
37
2 锅炉技术规范
2 Boiler Technical Specifications

2.1 主要设计参数
2.1 Main Design Parameter
序号项目单位设计数据备注
1 锅炉蒸发量 t/h 693/660 MCR/TRL
2 再热蒸汽流量 t/h 603.7 MCR
3 汽包工作压力 MPa 14.43 MCR/ TRL
MCR/ TRL （表
4 主蒸汽压力 MPa 13.43
压）
5 主蒸汽温度 ℃ 540 MCR/ TRL
6 再热器进口蒸汽压力 MPa 2.7 MCR/ TRL（表压）
7 再热器出口蒸汽压力 MPa 2.5 MCR/ TRL（表压）
8 再热器进口蒸汽温度 ℃ 324 MCR/ TRL
9 再热器出口蒸汽温度 ℃ 540 MCR/ TRL
10 给水温度 ℃ 254.3 MCR/ TRL
11 空预器进口风温 ℃ 33/33 MCR/ TRL
12 热一次风温度 ℃ 378 MCR/ TRL
13 热二次风温度 ℃ 370 MCR/ TRL
14 炉膛出口烟温 ℃ 987/989 MCR/ TRL
15 空预器进口烟温 ℃ 388/387 MCR/ TRL
16 排烟温度 ℃ 140 MCR/ TRL
17 计算效率 % 92 MCR/ TRL
18 炉膛出口过剩空气系数 — 1.2 —
19 炉膛容积热负荷 KW/m3 111.99 MCR/ECR
20 炉膛断面热负荷 KW/m2 3.82 MCR/ECR
38
22 计算燃料消耗量 t/h 163.91/155.28 MCR/TRL
锅炉本体烟风阻力
(包括尾部竖井自生通 Pa 2600 MCR
烟风风)
23
阻力空预器一次风侧阻力 Pa 784 MCR
空预器二次风侧阻力 Pa 797 MCR
一次汽阻力 MPa 1.45 MCR
汽水
24 二次汽阻力 MPa 0.195 MCR
阻力
省煤器阻力
MPa 0.36 MCR
(包括至锅筒连接管)
25 整炉循环倍率 — 3.73 MCR
26 省煤器出口温度 ℃ 294/299 MCR/TRL
No. Items Unit Design data Remarks

1 Boiler evaporation rate t/h 693/660 MCR/TRL
2 Reheat steam flow t/h 603.7 MCR
MCR/ TRL (gauge
3 Steam drum working pressure MPa 14.43
pressure)
MCR/ TRL (gauge
4 Main steam pressure MPa 13.43
pressure)
5 Main steam temperature ℃ 540 MCR/ TRL
MCR/ TRL (gauge
6 Reheater inlet steam pressure MPa 2.7
pressure)
MCR/ TRL (gauge
7 Reheater outlet steam pressure MPa 2．5
pressure)
Reheater inlet steam
8 ℃ 324 MCR/ TRL
temperature
Reheater outlet steam
9 ℃ 540 MCR/ TRL
temperature
10 Feed water temperature ℃ 254.3 MCR/ TRL
11 Air heater inlet air temperature ℃ 33/33 MCR/ TRL
12 Hot primary air temperature ℃ 378 MCR/ TRL
13 Hot secondary air temperature ℃ 370 MCR/ TRL
39
Furnace outlet flue gas
14 ℃ 987/989 MCR/ TRL
temperature
Air heater inlet flue gas
15 ℃ 388/387 MCR/ TRL
temperature
16 Flue gas discharge temperature ℃ 140 MCR/ TRL
17 Calculated efficiency % 92 MCR/ TRL
18 Furnace outlet excess air factor — 1.2 —
19 Furnace capacity thermal load KW/m3 111.99 MCR/ECR
Furnace cross section thermal
20 KW/m2 3．82 MCR/ECR
load
21 Furnace wall thermal load KW/ m2 116.59/109.98 MCR/ECR
22 Calculated fuel consumption t/h 163.91/155.28 MCR/TRL
Boiler flue gas
resistance
Pa 2600 MCR
Flue (include vertical flue
gas gas duct self draft)
23
resist Air heater primary air
ance Pa 784 MCR
side resistance
Air heater secondary air
Pa 797 MCR
side resistance
Primary steam
MPa 1.45 MCR
resistance
Stea
Secondary steam
m and MPa 0.195 MCR
resistance
24 water
resist Economizer resistance
ance (includes the
MPa 0.36 MCR
connection pipe to the
steam drum)
25 Boiler circulating ratio — 3.73 MCR
26 Economizer outlet temperature ℃ 294/299 MCR/TRL
2.2 主要承压部件及管道
2.2 Main Pressure Parts and Pipeline
序号项目单位设计数据备注
40
汽包：
mm Φ1600
1）内径筒体直段长度
mm 95
2）壁厚 20000 事故放水
1 mm 21810
3）长度口
— 13MnNiMo54-4
4）材质 BHW35 连排口
mm 汽包中心线下 150
5）水位零位
蛇形管式
省煤器：低再侧：
—
1）型式 151 片×3 根悬吊管 3×56 根
根
2）管数量低过侧：（φ425）
—
2 3）管径壁厚 101×3 根集箱材料为 20g
—
4）材质 Φ38×5 再循环管
m2
5）受热面积 20G （φ606.5，20g）
℃
6）进/出口水温 3232.9
254
水冷壁：
— 膜式壁
1）型式
个 22
3 2）回路数量两个假想回路
m2 3703.4
3）受热面积
— 20G
4）材质
低温过热器：对流式
—
1）型式 112 片×5 根
根
2）管数量 Φ42×5
—
3）管径壁厚 20G
4 — 112 片
4）材质 15CrMoG
℃
5）运行控制壁温＜474
℃
6）报警壁温 474
m2
7）受热面积 1190.1
41
—
全大屏过热器：根全辐射式
1）型式 mm 232
5 2）管数量 — Φ425 8片
3）管径及壁厚 ℃ SA—213T91
4）材质 ℃ 12Cr1MoV
m2
—
根
高温过热器：
mm 对流式
1）型式
— 51 排6 根
7 2）管数量 51 排
12Cr1MoV
3）管径及壁厚
℃ SA-213T91
4）材质
℃
m2
顶棚过热器：
— 膜式壁
1）型式
根 104
8 2）管数
mm Φ606.5
3）管径
— 20G
4）材质
包墙过热器：
— 膜式壁
1）型式
根 115+115+114
9 2）管数
mm Φ385
3）管径
— 20G
4）材质
42
—
低温再热器：
— 对流式
1）型式
mm 1148 根
2）管数量
11 —
Φ423.512Cr1MoV
3）管径及壁厚
℃ G
℃ 20G
4）材质
m2
—
高温再热器：
— 对流式
1）型式
mm 60 片8 根
2）管数量
12 — φ513.5
3）管径及壁厚
℃ 12Cr1MoVG
℃ SA—213T91
4）材质
m2
No. Items unit Design parameter Remark
Steam drum:
mm Φ1600
1 inner diameter
Vertical part
length of drum
2 wall thickness mm 95
20000 emergency
3 length mm 21810 water discharging
1
port
4 material — 13MnNiMo54-4 BHW35
continuous
150 below the lowdown port
5 0 point of water level mm steam drum center
line
Coil type Suspended tube
Economizer
— Low temperature 3×56 group
2 1 type
reheater side
(φ425)
2 quantity of tubes ea 151 ×3 groups Material of header
43
Low temperature is 20g
3 wall thickness of pipe diameter — superheater side
Recirculation tube
101×3 groups
(φ606.5, 20g)
4 material — Φ38×5
5 heat surface area m2 3232.9
6 inlet / outlet water temperature ℃ 254
Water wall:
— Membrane wall
1 type
2 loop quantity ea 22 Two imaginary
3
loop
3 heat surface area m2 3703.4
4 material — 20G
Primary SH:
— Convection type
1 type
112 pieces ×5
2 quantity of tubes
groups
Φ42×5
3 wall thickness at tube diameter one
20G
4 112 pieces
4 material one 15Cr1MoV
5 Operation control wall temp ℃ ＜474
6 Alarm wall temp ℃ 474
7 Heat surface area m2 1190.1
Large platen SH:

— Full radiation
1 type
2 quantity of tubes Each SA—4414
5 3 wall thickness at pipe diameter mm φ516 4 pieces
SA—213T91
4 material — 12Cr1MoV
SA—213TP347H
Secondary SH: 51 pieces
7 Convection type
1 type
44
2 quantity of pipes Each 51 pieces6 groups
3 wall thickness and tube mm

diameter
12Cr1MoV
4 material —
SA-213T91
Penthouse SH:
— Membrane wall
1 type
8 2 quantity of tubes ea 104
3 tube diameter mm Φ606.5
4 material — 20G
Enclosed wall superheater:
— Membrane wall
1 type
9 2 quantity of tubes Each 115+115+114
3 pipe diameter mm Φ385
4 material — 20G
Low temperature reheater:
— Convection type
1) type
2 quantities of tubes — 1148 groups
11 3 tube diameter and wall
mm Φ423.5
thickness
12Cr1MoVG
4 material —
SA—213T91
High temperature reheater: Convection type

—
1 type
2 quantities of tube — 60 pieces8groups

12
3 tube diameter and wall
mm φ513.5
thickness
12Cr1MoVG
4 material —
SA—213T91
2.3 锅炉水容积
2.3 Boiler Water Capacity
单位：m3
状态省煤器汽包水冷壁再热器过热器合计
45
水压试验 7 42 90 74 73 286
正常运行 7 17 90 — — 114
Unit: m3
Economi Steam Water
State RH SH Total
zer drum wall
Hydraulic
7 42 90 74 73 286
pressure test
Normal
7 17 90 — — 114
operation
2.4 燃烧系统规范
2.4 Combustion System Specifications
序号名称项目单位数据备注
煤百叶窗式水平浓淡直
型式 —
流固定式
粉
1 燃布置方式 — 四角切圆
烧数量只 20
器容量 t/h
型式 — 机械雾化
油
数量只 8
燃
2 容量（单只） t/h 1.85
烧
供油压力 MPa 2.94
器
燃油温度 ℃ 20 暂定
容积 M3 7489
宽度 mm 12400
炉深度 mm 12080
3
膛高度 mm 50000
出口烟温 ℃ 987/989 B—MCR/ECR
出口过剩空气系数 — 1.2 ECR
No. Name Items Unit Data Remarks
46
Louver horizontal
variable concentration
Type
once-through fixed
PC type
1 burne
r Arrangement Four corner T fired
Quantity ea 20
Capacity t/h
Type Mechanical atomizing
Quantity ea 8
Oil
2 burne Capacity (per burner) t/h 1.85
r
Oil supplying pressure MPa 2.94
Fuel oil temperature ℃ 20 TBC
Capacity M3 7489
Width mm 12400
Furna Depth mm 12080

3
ce Height mm 50000
Outlet flue gas temp ℃ 987/989 B—MCR/ECR
Outlet excess air factor 1.2 ECR
2.5 煤粉燃烧器规范
2.5 PC Burner Specifications
项目风速(m/s) 风温(℃) 阻力(Pa)
一次风 26 66 1900
二次风 45 340 1000
周界风 35 340 /
炉膛漏风 / 冷风 /
Resistance
Items Air speed (m/s) Air temp (℃)
(Pa)
Primary air 26 66 1900
Secondary air 45 340 1000
Auxiliary air 35 340 /
Furnace air leakage / Cold air /
2.6 安全阀和PCV阀
47
2.6 Safety Valve and PVC Valve
整定压力启闭差压排放量
安全阀及 PCV 阀位置型号数量
（MPa）（%）（t/h）
过热器出口#1 安全阀 1739WD 1 14.1 4 87
过热器出口#2 安全阀 1739WD 1 14.1 4 87
锅筒#1 安全阀 1755WB 1 15.67 4 137
锅筒#2 安全阀 1755WB 1 15.83 4 138
锅筒#3 安全阀 1755WB 1 15.98 4 140
锅筒#4 安全阀 1755WB 1 16.14 142
再热器出口#1 安全阀 1775QWD 1 2.67 4 70
再热器出口#2 安全阀 1775QWD 1 2.67 4 70
再热器进口 A#1 安全阀 1785WB 1 2.99 4 121
再热器进口 A#2 安全阀 1785WB 1 2.99 4 121
再热器进口 B#1 安全阀 1785WB 1 3.08 4 125
再热器进口 B#2 安全阀 1785WB 1 3.08 4 125
过热器出口 PCV 阀 1538VX 2 13.96 2 2×38
Opening and
Setting Dischar
closing
Position of safety valve and pressure ge
Model Qty pressure
PCV valve amount
(Mpa) differential
(t/h)
(%)
Superheater outlet #1 safety
1739WD 1 14.1 4 87
valve
Superheater outlet #2 safety
1739WD 1 14.1 4 87
valve
Steam drum #1 safety valve 1755WB 1 15.67 4 137
Steam drum #3 safety valve 1755WB 15.98 140
1775QW
Reheater outlet #1 safety valve 1 2.67 4 70
D
1775QW
Reheater outlet #2 safety valve 1 2.67 4 70
D
Reheater inlet A #1 safety valve 1785WB 1 2.99 4 121
Reheater inlet A#2 safety valve 1785WB 1 2.99 4 121
48
Reheater inlet B #1 safety valve 1785WB 1 3.08 4 125
Reheater inlet B#2 safety valve 1785WB 1 3.08 4 125
Superheater outlet PCV valve 1538VX 2 13.96 2 2×38
2.7 排污扩容器参数
2.7 Parameters of Blowdown Flashtank
项目单位连续排污扩容器定期排污扩容器备注
型式 — LP-5.5 型、立式、圆筒形 DP-15 型、立式、圆筒形
数量个 1 1
设计压力 MPa 1.7 0.6
设计温度 ℃ 380℃ 310
工作压力 MPa 1.5 0.5
工作温度 ℃ 370 300
正常排污量 T/H 10.25 —
扩容器容积 M3 5.5 15
Continuous blowdown Intermittent blowdown Remark

Items Unit
flash tank flash tank s
LP-5.5 type, vertical, DP-15type, vertical,
Type
cylinder type cylinder type
Quantity ea 1 1
Design
MPa 1.7 0.6
pressure
Design
℃ 380℃ 310
temperature
Working
MPa 1.5 0.5
pressure
Working
℃ 370 300
temperature
Normal
discharging t/h 10.25 —
capacity
Flash tank
m3 5.5 15
capacity
2.8 燃料特性
2.8 Characteristics of Fuel
49
名称符号单位设计煤种校核煤种
收到基碳 Car % 44.57 43.90
收到基氢 Har % 3．35 2.20
收到基氧 Oar % 16.09 12.30
收到基氮 Nar % 0.77 0.39
收到基硫 Sar % 0.21 0.21
收到基灰份 Aar % 5 6
收到基水份 Mar % 30 35
空气干燥基水份 Mad % 18 25
干燥无灰基挥发份 Vdaf % 53.85 47.29
收到基低位发热值 Qnet,ar kcal/kg 4200 3900
可磨性系数 HGI / 60 50
Design coal
Designation Symbol Unit Base coal rank
rank
As received basis carbon Car % 44.57 43.90
As received basis hydrogen Har % 3.35 2.20
As received basis oxygen Oar % 16.09 12.30
As received basis nitrogen Nar % 0.77 0.39
As received basis sulfur Sar % 0.21 0.21
As received basis ash content Aar % 5 6
As received basis moisture Mar % 30 35
Air dried basis moisture Mad % 18 25
Dry ash-free basis volatile Vdaf % 53.85 47.29
As received lower heating value Qnet,ar kcal/kg 4200 3900
Grindability coefficient HGI / 60 50
2.9 燃油（轻柴油）特性
2.9 Characteristics of Fuel Oil (light diesel oil)
50
序号名称单位数值
1 恩氏粘度（20℃） °E 1.15-1.67
2 灰分 ≤0.025%
3 凝固点 ℃ 0--20
4 闭口闪点 ℃ 65
5 低位发热量 KJ/Kg 41840
No. Item Unit Minimum

1 Engler viscosity (20℃) °E 1.15-1.67
2 Ash content ≤0.025%
3 Solid point ℃ 0--20
4 Closed-cup flash point ℃ 65
5 Lower heating value KJ/Kg 41840
6 Total sulfur (as a percentage of weight) % ≤1.2
7 Corrosion (copper, 3 hours, 100℃) / /
10% of residual carbon of evaporation material (as a percentage
8 % /
of weight)
9 Moisture (as a percentage of weight) % 0.02
10 Mechanical foreign matter (as a percentage of weight) % /
11 Ash content (as a percentage of weight) % /
Strong acidity mgKOH/g /
12
Total acidity mgKOH/g /
13 Flash point (closed) ℃ ≥50
14 Color difference (ASTM criteria) / /
2.10 汽、水品质质量标准
2.10 Steam and Water Quality Standards
水汽质量标准
Steam and Water Quality Standards
介质名称分析项目指标
Medium Item Analyzing Items Index
热网补充水容氧＜100μg/L
Heating net supplement Oxygen capacity ＜100μg/L
51
water 总硬度＜700μmol/L
Total hardness ＜700μmol/L
悬浮物＜5mg/L
Suspending matters ＜5mg/L
介质名称分析项目指标
Medium Item Analyzing items Index
锅炉补给水电导率（25℃） ≤0.2μS/cm
Boiler makeup water Conductivity ≤0.2μS/cm
SiO2 ≤20μg/L
Silicon Dioxide ≤20μg/L
蒸汽电导率（25℃） ≤0.3μS/cm
Steam Silicon Dioxide ≤0.3μS/cm
SiO2 ≤20μg/kg
Silicon Dioxide ≤20μg/kg
钠 ≤10μg/kg
Sodium ≤10μg/kg
铁 ≤20μg/kg
Iron ≤20μg/kg
铜 ≤5μg/kg
Copper ≤5μg/kg
给水（挥发性处理，碱性工况）联氨 10-30μg/L（挥发性处理）
Feedwater(volatile treatment, Hydrazine 10-30μg/L(volatile treatment)
alkaline working condition)
油 ≤0.3mg/L
Oil ≤0.3mg/L
溶解氧 ≤7μg/L
Dissolved oxygen ≤7μg/L
铁 ≤20μg/L
Iron ≤20μg/L
铜 ≤5μg/L
Copper ≤5μg/L
硬度 ≈1μmol/L
Total hardness ≈1μmol/L
PH（25℃） 8.8～9.3（有铜系统）
52
PH（25℃） 8.8～9.3（copper system）
9.0～9.5（无铜系统）
9.0 ～ 9.5 （ copper free
system）
炉水含盐量 ≤50mg/L
Boiler water Salt content ≤50mg/L
SiO2 ≤0.15mg/L
Silicon Dioxide
PH（25℃） 9.0～10.0
PH（25℃） 9.0～10.0
53
电导率（25℃）＜60μS/cm
Conductivity(25℃) ＜60μS/cm
54
3 锅炉联锁及保护
3 Interlock and Protection
联锁及保护
机、炉、电大联锁锅炉大联锁逻辑说明 MFT 保护
Interlock and Protection
Interlock of Turbine, Boiler Logic Description of Boiler MFT Protection

and Generator Interlock
3.1 机、炉、电大联锁保护
3.1 Interlock Protection of Turbine, Boiler and Generator
逆功率保护
MFT
发变组汽轮机＆锅炉
全停Ⅰ、Ⅱ出口程＞40%ECR
Reverse Power Protection
MFT
Generator
and
Turbine ＆ Boiler
Transformer
Unit
I, II Exit Route for Total Shutdown ＞40%ECR
3.2 锅炉联锁及保护总则
55
3.2 Boiler Interlock and Protection General Principles
1) 锅炉大、小修后，在启动前应做联锁及保护试验。动态试验必须在静态试验合
格后进行。
1) After the overhaul and repair of the boiler, the boiler should have interlock
and protection tests before startup. The dynamic tests should be carried out
after the static tests meet the standards.
2) 辅机的各项联锁及保护试验应在分部试运前做完。主机各项保护试验应在总联
锁试验合格后进行。
2) The interlock and protection tests of the auxiliaries should be finished before
the partial test run. Every protection tests of the main equipment should be
carried out after the general interlock tests meet the requirements.
3) 联锁及保护试验动作应准确、可靠。机组正常运行时，严禁无故停用联锁及保
护，若因故需停用时，应得到总工程师的批准，并限期恢复。
3) The action of the interlock and protection tests should be correct and reliable.
During the normal operation, it is forbidden to shut down the interlock and
protection without emergency. If the interlock and protection need to be shut
down, this should be approved by the chief engineer who will give the
deadline to recover.
4) 联锁及保护试验由值长全面组织负责，集控、热工、电气及有关单位负责人参
加。
4) The interlock and protection tests should be organized and presided by the
shiftleader. Personne in charge of central control room, I&C, electrical part
and the related departments should take part in.
5) 联锁及保护试验不合格，禁止机组启动。
5) If the interlock and protection tests cannot meet the requirements, it is
forbidden to start up the unit.
3.3 锅炉大联锁逻辑说明
3.3 The Logic Instructions for Boiler Interlock
1) 两台空预器或一台运行的空预器（另一台停用）主、辅机均跳闸，延时60S触
发MFT。延时5min后，联跳运行的全部引风机、送风机；并联关空预器烟气入
口挡板和和出口热一次风门、二次风挡板。
1) Both the main equipment and auxiliaries of two air heaters or one air heater
in operation (the other is shutdown) trip. MFT will be triggered after a 60s time
delay. After the time delay of 5min, all the ID and FD fans in operation will be
interlock tripped. The flue gas inlet damper of the air heater and the outlet
dampers of hot primary air and secondary air will be interlock closed.
2) 当两台空预器运行，其中一台空预器主、辅电机均跳闸，延时5min后，联跳相
应一侧的引风机、送风机、一次风机。协调方式或机跟随方式运行时主电机跳
闸，辅电机10s内未联启，则RB保护动作，锅炉侧若是三套及三套以上制粉系
统运行，将从下到上切除部分制粉系统，最终保留B,C制粉系统运行，同时投
入B、C层油枪。
56
2) When two air heaters are in operation and the main equipment and
auxiliaries of only one heater trip, after a time delay of 5min, the ID, FD fan
and PA fan of the corresponding side will be interlock tripped. When the main
motor trips during the operation of coordination mode or turbine follow mode,
the auxiliary motor doesn’t start up in 10s, the RB protection will be activated.
If three or more than three sets of pulverized coal system of the boiler side
are in operation, partial shutdown of the pulverized coal systems will occur
from bottom to top. Two sets of pulverized system will remain in operation
and some oil guns will be activated.
3) 事故切除两台引风机或一台运行的引风机（另一台停用），则联跳全部运行的送
风机、一次风机、磨煤机、给煤机,，锅炉MFT保护动作。
3) If both ID fans or one ID fan in operation (the other is shutdown) are shut
down in emergency, all of the FD fans, PA fans, coal mills and coal feeders
will be interlock tripped. MFT will be triggered.
4) 事故切除一台引风机（两台运行时），则联跳相应一侧运行的送风机、一次风机，
联关跳闸引风机的进、出口挡板，联开入口联络挡板。协调方式运行时RB保护
动作，锅炉侧若是三套及三套以上制粉系统运行，将从下到上切除部分制粉系
统，最终保留B,C制粉系统运行，同时B、C层油枪。
4) If one ID fan is shut down in emergency when both ID fans are operating, the
FD fan and PA fan on the corresponding side will be interlock tripped. The
inlet and outlet dampers of the tripped I.D fan will be interlock closed and the
inlet connecting damper interlock opened. RB protection will be activated if
using coordination mode. If three or more than three sets of pulverized coal
system of the boiler side are in operation, partial shutdown of the pulverized
coal systems will occur from bottom to top. Two sets of pulverized system will
remain in operation and some oil guns will be activated.
5) 事故切除两台送风机或一台运行的送风机（另一台停用），则联跳全部运行的一
次风机、磨煤机和给煤机，锅炉MFT保护动作。
5) If both FD fans or one FD fan (the other is in standby) are shut down in
emergency, all of the PA fans, coal mills and coal feeders in operation will be
interlock tripped. MFT will be activated.
6) 事故切除一台送风机（两台运行时），则联跳相应一侧的一次风机，联关送风机
出口档板，若该侧空预器正常运行，联开送风机出口连通挡板。协调方式或机
跟随方式运行时RB保护动作，锅炉侧若是三套及三套以上制粉系统运行，将从
下到上切除部分制粉系统，最终保留B,C制粉系统运行，同时B、C层油枪。
6) If one FD fan is shut down in emergency when both FD fans are in operation,
the PA fan on the corresponding side will be interlock tripped. The outlet
damper of the FD fan will be interlockclosed. If the air heater on this side is in
normal operation, the outlet connecting damper of the FD fan will be interlock
opened. The RB will be activated during the operation of coordination mode
or turbine follow mode. If three or more than three sets of pulverized coal
7) 事故切除两台或一台运行的一次风机（一台停用时），若已有制粉系统投运，则
联跳全部运行的磨煤机和给煤机；联关一次风机出口档板和出口冷风挡板。锅
炉MFT保护动作。
57
7) When both PA fans or one PA fan in operation (the other is not in use) is shut
down in emergency, if the pulverizing system is in operation, all of the coal
mills and coal feeders will be interlock tripped. The outlet damper and outlet
cold air damper of the PA fan will be interlock closed . MFT will be activated.
8) 事故切除一台一次风机（两台运行时），联关跳闸一次风机出口风门，联开一次
风联络管挡板，协调方式或机跟随方式运行时RB保护动作，锅炉侧若是三套及
三套以上制粉系统运行，将从下到上切除部分制粉系统，最终保留B,C制粉系
统运行，同时投入B、C油枪。
8) If one PA fan is shut down in emergency when both are in operation in
emergency, the outlet air damper of the PA fan will be interlock closed and the
interconnection damper of the primary air will be interlock open. RB
protection will be activated during the operation of coordination mode or
turbine follow mode. If three or more than three sets of pulverized coal
9) 事故切除磨煤机运行时，联关磨煤机进口热、冷风快速关断门和出口煤粉隔绝
门，即在5S内停止向炉膛送粉。联跳相应给煤机。
9) When a coal mill is shut down in emergency, interlock close the inlet hot and
cold air quick-closing valves of the coal mill and the outlet pulverized coal
isolating valve, i.e., stop conveying the pulverized coal into the furnace within
5s. Interlock trip the corresponding coal feeders.
10) 事故切断给煤机运行时，相应磨煤机停，联关磨煤机进口热、冷风快速关断门
和出口煤粉隔绝门。
10) When the feeder is shut down in emergency, the corresponding coal mill will
shut down. Interlock close the inlet hot and cold air quick-closing valve of the
coal mill and the outlet pulverized coal isolating valve.
3.4 MFT保护
3.4 MFT Protection
3.4.1 MFT 动作条件
3.4.1 Requirements for MFT Activation
1）引风机全停
1) All FD Fan shut down
2）送风机全停
2) All ID Fan shut down
3）空预器全停
3) All air heater shut down
4）给水泵全停延时 2S（待讨论。建议取消）
5）锅炉风量<30%，三取二产生。该信号持续 3s；
5) Boiler air quantity is less than 30%, two out of three signal is sent out and
58
lasts for three seconds.
6）炉膛压力高高，硬接线输入，三取二产生。延时 2s；
6) When the furnace pressure increases too high, the hard bus is connected,
and the two out of three signal is sent out which delays for 2 seconds.
7）炉膛压力低低，硬接线输入，三取二产生。延时 2s；
7) When the furnace pressure is too low, the hard bus is connected, and the two
out of three signal is sent out which delays for 2 seconds.
8）火检冷却风丧失，两台火检冷却风机全部跳闸且燃料投入，延时 200s。
8) Flame detector cold air is lost, two SCAFs trips together, and the fuel material
in which delays for 200 seconds.
9) 火检冷却风压力低低，硬接线输入，三取二产生，且燃料投入， 200s。
9) The SCAF pressure is too low, the hard bus is connected, the two out of three
signal is sent out, and the fuel material in operation which delays for 200
seconds.
10）汽机跳闸且锅炉负荷>30％
10) The steam turbine trips and the boiler negative pressure is more than 30%.
11）运行人员跳闸（2 个 MFT 按钮同时按下）；
11) The operator trips the equipment (two MFT buttons are pressed at the same
time).
12）再热器保护跳闸，包含三层含义，任一条件满足即可；
12) Superheater protection trip requires three conditions, any of the three is met,
the action can be carried out.
当汽机跳闸，并且任一高低压旁路减压阀的阀位低于 5%，同时以下任一条件满足：
When the turbine trips, any valve position of pressure reducing valve of the high
and low pressure bypass is lower than 5%, and any one of the following
conditions is met:
● 燃料量＞20%
● Fuel quantity＞20%
● 任一给煤机运行
● Any coal feeder is in operation
信号延时 10s。
Signal delays for 10 seconds.
13）延时点火：当任一点火油枪均不在投用状态，在 MFT 复位后(初次点火允
许)，同时进油快关阀全开，15 分钟之内炉膛没有建立第一个火焰；
13) Delayed ignition: when any of the ignition oil gun is not in operation, after the
MFT resets (the primary ignition is permitted), at the same time, the oil inlet
quick close valve widely opens, and the furnace doesn’t establish a primary
flame:
14） MFT 复位后，3 次点火失败；
59
14) The MFT resets, and the ignition fails three time.
15) 2 台一次风机跳闸且任一煤层投运和无启动油运行；
15) Two PA fans trip, and any of the coal layers is activated and there is no
startup oil in operation.
16）失去全部燃料
16) All fuel is lost。
当以下条件满足时，认为失去全部燃料：
If the following conditions are all met, it is deemed completely fuel-lost.
i. 失去油燃料：进油快关阀全关；或所有油角阀全关
i. The fuel oil is lost, the oil inlet quick close valve is closed, and all oil
valve is widely closed.
ii. 失去煤燃料：所有给煤机停；或所有磨煤机停
ii. The coal fuel is lost, all the coal feeders shut down or all the coal
pulverizers shut down.
该条件还要“与”上“有燃烧器投运记忆”信号。即在停炉时不认为失去全部燃料；
This conditions should also includes“burner operation memory” signal, which
means it is not deemed to lose all the fuel after the boiler is shut down.
17) 失去全部火焰：在油枪投运或任意煤层投运前提下，所有煤层油层火检无火；
17) All flame Lost : under the following preconditions, the oil gun is activated or
any coal layer is put into operation, then all the coal layer and oil layer has no
fire detected.
18) 再热器出口温度高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
18) The superheater outlet temperature HH, the two out of three signal is sent out,
which delays for 5 seconds.
19) 过热器出口温度高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
19) The superheater outlet temperature HH, the two out of three signal is sent out,
which delays for 5 seconds.
20) 主蒸汽压力高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
20) The main steam pressure HH, the two out of three signal is sent out, which
delays for 5 seconds.
21) 汽包水位高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
21) The steam drum water level HH, the two out of three signal is sent out, which
lasts for 5 seconds.
22）汽包水位低低，三取二产生，延时 5s。
22) The steam drum water level LL, the two out of three signal is sent out, which
lasts for 5 seconds.
以下条件全部满足，复位 MFT 继电器：
If all of the following conditions are met, reset the MFT relay.
60
● 炉膛吹扫完成
● Furnace purging is finished.
● MFT 继电器已跳闸
● MFT relay has tripped.
● 无 MFT 跳闸条件存在
● No MFT trip condition.
当 MFT 发生时连锁下列设备动作
When MFT happens, interlock the following equipment.
● 跳闸 MFT 硬继电器
● Trip MFT hard relay.
● 跳闸所有油燃烧器
● Trip all the fuel oil burner.
包括：1 所有点火枪直接切除退出并禁止点火（不吹扫）
Includes:
1 Directly cut off and withdraw all the ignition gun, and forbid ignition (no
purging)
2 所有油角阀、
2 All oil valves.
● 关闭所有进油快关阀
● Close all the oil inlet quick close valves.
● 跳闸所有磨煤机
● Trip all the coal pulverizers.
● 跳闸所有给煤机
● Trip all the coal feeders.
● 关闭所有磨煤机出口关断门
● Close all coal feeders outlet shutoff valves.
● 关闭所有磨煤机冷、热风关断门
● Close all coal pulverizers cold and hot air shutoff valves.
● 跳闸所有一次风机
● Trip all PA fans.
● 关闭一级减温水隔离门
● Close primary desuperheating water isolation valve.
● 关闭二级减温水隔离门
● Close secondary desuperheating water isolation valve.
● 关闭再热器减温水隔离门
61
● Close reheater desuperheating water isolation valve.
● 关闭事故减温水隔离门
● Close emergency desuperheating water isolation valve.
● 二次风挡板置于吹扫位置
● SA damper is installed at the purging position.
● 送 MFT 指令至 ETS、旁路、吹灰、除尘系统
● Send out MFT order to ETS, bypass, sootblowing and dust removing system.
● 切送、引风自动，送引风按预定方案动作静叶、液偶；送风机、引风机、空预
器全停引起的 MFT 要全停送、引风机，并将锅炉置于自然通风状态。延时 1min,
自然通风保持 15min{自然通风结果：开送风机 A、B 出口挡板（脉冲），开引风
机 A、B 出口挡板 A/B，开引风机 A、B 进口挡板 A/B}[MCS、SCS 处理]
● Cut off and send out, and induce draft automatically. Forced draft and induced
draft are carried out according to the designed procedure to activate the static
blade and the hydraulic couple；MFT led by the shutdown of the FD fan, ID
fan and air heater requires complete shutdown of FD fan and ID fan, and put
the boiler in natural ventilation condition. Delay the time for 1 minute and keep
the natural ventilation for 15 minutes{natural ventilation results, open the A
and B outlet dampers of the FD fan(impulse), open outlet damper A or B of the
ID fan, and open inlet damper A or B of the ID fan}[MCS,SCS handling].
● 当 MFT 条件出现时软件会送出相应的信号来跳闸相关的设备
● When the MFT condition appears, the soft ware will send out related signal to
trip relevant equipment.
3.5 OFT保护
3.5 OFT Protection
3.5.1 0FT 动作条件
3.5.1 OFT Activation Conditions
(1) 燃油压力低低（来自硬接线，三取二产生，延时 5s）
，同时任意油角阀打开；
(1) Fuel oil pressure LL ( from the hard wire, the two out of three signal is sent out,
which delays for 5 seconds), at the same time, any of the oil valves is opened.
(2) MFT
(2) MFT
(3) 进油快关阀关闭脉冲；
(3) Oil inlet quick close valve close impulse:
以下条件全部满足，复位 OFT 继电器：
If all of the following conditions are met, reset the OFT relay
● 供油压力高
● Oil supply pressure is high
62
● 油角阀全部关闭
● Oil valves are all closed.
● 油泄漏试验成功
● Leakage test succeed.
3.5.2 当 OFT 发生时自动执行下列操作
3.5.2 When OFT happens, automatically carry out the following operation
当点火油 OFT 发生后，联锁以下设备动作：
When the oil ignition OFT happens, interlock the following equipment to activate:
● 跳闸所有点火油燃烧器，
● Trip all the ignition oil burners.
● 关闭进油快关阀
● Close oil inlet quick close valve.
● 当 OFT 条件出现时软件会送出相应的信号来跳闸相关的设备。
● When the OFT conditions are met, the software will send out related signal to
trip relevant equipment.
63
4 锅炉启动
4 Boiler Startup
锅炉启动
锅炉启动前锅炉上水邻炉加热锅炉启动前锅炉点火升温升压启动注意事

的检查的试验项
Boiler
Startup
Inspections Boiler Neighbor Tests Ignition Temperatur Precaution

before Water Boiler before e and s
Startup Charging Heating Startup Pressure
Rising
4.1 锅炉启动通则
4.1 General Principles for Boiler Startup
4.1.1 锅炉启动方式的划分标准
4.1.1 Standards for Boiler Startup Mode Division
4.1.1.1 冷态启动：是指炉内无表压，温度接近环境温度时的启动方式。
4.1.1.1 Cold state startup ： The startup mode when there is no gauge pressure in the
furnace and the temperature is close to the ambient temperature
4.1.1.2 温态启动：是指停炉后主汽压力 1.96MPa、汽温 250℃以上的启动。
4.1.1.2 Warm state startup：The startup when the main steam pressure is 1.96MPa and
the steam temperature is more than 250℃ after the boiler shutdown.
4.1.1.3 热态启动：是指停炉后主汽压降至 5.9MPa、汽温降至 430℃以上的启动。
4.1.1.3 Hot state startup：The startup when the main steam pressure drops to 5.9MPa,
and the steam temperature drops to more than 430℃ after the boiler shutdown.
4.1.1.4 极热态启动：是指停炉后主汽压降至 5.9MPa、汽温降至 460℃以上启动。
4.1.1.4 Super hot state startup ： The startup when the main steam pressure drops to
5.9MPa and the steam temperature drops to more than 460 ℃ after the boiler
shutdown.
4.1.2 锅炉禁止启动的条件
64
4.1.2 Requirements for the Boiler Disabled Startup
4.1.2.1 锅炉任一安全保护装置未按要求投运或不能正常工作时。
4.1.2.1 Any safety protection device of the boiler is not activated according to the
requirements or cannot normally work.
4.1.2.2 水压试验不合格时。
4.1.2.2 The Hydrostatic test cannot meet the requirements.
4.1.2.3 主要仪表缺少、损坏、显示不正常且无其它有效监视手段时（如主、再热蒸汽压力
表、温度表、汽包水位计、给水流量表、炉膛负压表、排烟温度表等）。
4.1.2.3 Main instruments are lost, damaged and have abnormal display. There are no
other effective supervising methods. (For example, main steam gauge, reheated
steam gauge, thermometer, water level gauge of steam drum, feedwater flow
meter, vacuum pressure gauge of the furnace, thermometer of the exhaust flue
gas.)
4.1.2.4 BMS 系统不正常，影响锅炉机组启动、停止操作以及安全运行时。
4.1.2.4 The BMS system is abnormal which influences the startup, shutdown and safety
operation of the boiler.
4.1.2.5 SCS 系统不正常，影响锅炉机组操作且短时不能恢复时。
4.1.2.5 The SCS system is abnormal which influences the boiler operation and cannot
recover in a short time.
4.1.2.6 锅炉联锁试验不合格时。
4.1.2.6 The interlock tests of the boiler cannot meet the requirements.
4.1.2.7 炉水品质不合格时。
4.1.2.7 The quality of the boiler water cannot meet the requirements.
4.2 锅炉启动前的试验项目
4.2 Test Items before Boiler Startup
启动前的试验项目
锅炉大联锁试验 BMS 有关项目试验水压试验油泄漏试验
65
Test Items before
Startup
Boiler Main Interlock Tests of Hydraulic Tests Oil Leakage Tests

Tests Corresponding
Items of BMS
1) 锅炉大联锁试验。
（热控进行）
1) Boiler Interlock Tests. (Carried out by the I&C)
2) BMS有关项目的试验。（热控进行）
2) Tests of Corresponding Items of BMS. (Carried out by the I&C)
3) 水压试验。
（包括受热面严重损坏修复后或大面积更换后的超压试验）
3) Hydrostatic tests. (including the overpressure tests after the repair for the
serious damage of the heating surface or replacement of large area)
4) 风烟系统的严密性试验。
（大修后）
4) Tightness Tests of Flue Gas System. (after the overhaul)
5) 油泄漏试验。
5) Oil Leakage Tests.
4.2.1 联锁试验
4.2.1 Interlock Test
4.2.1.1 联锁及保护试验要求
4.2.1.1 Interlocking and Protection Test Requirement
1) 联锁试验必须在检修工作结束，工作票收回，转动机械及风门挡板试验完毕后
进行。
1) Interlock test should be performed after maintenance and rotating
mechanism and air damper test is finished, and the working permit is taken
back.
2) 有关电动阀、挡板、电磁阀电气系统正常。
2) The relevant solenoid valve, damper, electromagnetic valve and electric
system are in normal condition.
3) 控制用汽源压力正常。
3) The control steam sauce pressure is in normal state.
4) 热机保护、信号、仪表电源正常。
4) Boiler and steam turbine protection signal, and instrument power supply is in
normal state.
5) 先进行各风机、预热器、制粉系统及其辅助设备联动及保护试验，合格后再进
行联锁试验。上述工作结束后进行热机保护试验。
66
5) Firstly perform the interacting and protection test for every air fan, preheater,
pulverized coal system and auxiliary equipment, and then carry out the
interlocking test after meet the requirement. After finished above task, the
boiler and steam turbine protection test can be carried out.
4.2.1.2 锅炉联锁试验的方法
4.2.1.2 Measures for Boiler Interlocking Test
1) 锅炉设备联锁试验分实际运行的动态试验和静态试验(控制回路试验)两种。
1) The boiler equipment interlocking test can be classified into dynamic test of
practical operation and static test. (Control circuit test)
2) 动态试验时，操作及动力电源均送上，将有关辅机按正常启动要求进行试验。
2) For dynamic testing, both operational and dynamic power supplies should be
available.
3) 静态试验时，6KV及以上电机只送操作电源；380V辅机的动力和控制电源均应
送上。
3) The motors whose voltage level above 6KV should be provided with only the
operational power during a static test. But for the 380 auxiliary motor, both the
dynamic and the control power should be available.
4.2.1.3 锅炉大联锁试验(静态)的准备
4.2.1.3 Preparation for boiler big interlocking test
1) 汇报值长，联系热工、电气检修人员进行锅炉静态联锁试验。
1) Inform shift leader, contact with I&C and electric maintenance personnel to
carry out boiler static interlocking test.
2) 以下6KV开关静态送电，并将开关置于下列位置：
2) The following 6KV switches should be energized statically, and put these
switches into following position:
a) A、B引风机(软操或远控)。
a) A, B, I.D fan (program operation or remote control).
b) A、B送风机(软操或远控)。
b) A, B F.D fan (program operation or remote control).
c) A、B一次风机(软操或远控)。
c) A, B Primary air fan (program soft operation or remote control).
d) A、B、C、D、E磨煤机 (配电柜、软操或远控)。
d) A, B, C, D and E coal pulverizer (program distribution plate, soft
operation or remote control)
e) A、B密封风机(软操或远控)。
e) A and B sealing air fan (program operation or remote control).
3) 以下设备送380V动力电源及操作电源
3) The following equipments should be provided with 380V dynamic power
supply and operational power supply.
67
a) A、B引风机冷却风机(软操或远控)。
a) A, B I.D fan cooling air fan (program operation or remote control).
b) A、B空预器支撑轴承润滑油泵电机(软操或远控)。
b) Support bearing lubricating oil pump motor of air heater A and B (program
operation or remote control).
c) A、B空预器导向轴承润滑油泵电机 (软操或远控)。
c) A, B air preheater guiding bearing lubrication oil pump motor (program
operation or remote control).
d) A、B空预器主辅电动机(软操或远控)。
d) A, B air preheater main and auxiliary motor (program operation or remote
control).
e) A、B、C、D、E给煤机电动机(软操或远控)。
e) A, B, C, D and E coal feeder motor (program operation or remote
control).
f) A、B、C、D、E磨煤机润滑油站(软操或远控)。
f) A, B, C, D and E coal pulverizer lubrication oil station (program operation
or remote control).
4) 送上以上设备仪表电源及挡板、阀门的操作电源。
4) Provide with the instrument power supply and operational power supply of
damper and valves for above equipment.
5) 启动空压机送上控制汽源。
5) Start up air compressor and provide with the control steam resource.
6) 启动或顺控启动以下设备：
6) Start up or sequential control the following equipments:
a) A、B空气预热器；
a) A and B air preheater;
b) A、B引风机；
b) A, B I.D fan;
c) A、B送风机；
c) A, B F. D fan;
d) A、B一次风机；
d) A, B Primary air fan;
e) A、B密封风机；
e) A, B Sealing air fan;
f) A、B、C、D、E给煤机；
f) A, B,C,D and E coal feeder;
g) A、B、C、D、E磨煤机。(磨煤机启动可以采用模拟量输入，或解除一些
68
不影响试验的保护装置)
g) A、B、C、D、E cola pulverizer.(coal pulverizer startup can use the analog
input, or release some protection devices which do not influence the test)
4.2.1.4 锅炉大联锁试验(静态)操作步骤
4.2.1.4 Boiler big interlock test (static) operating procedures
1) 确认大联锁回路正常；
1) Confirm the big interlock loop is normal;
2) 停止A给煤机电动机；
2) Stop the motor of coal feeder motor A;
a) A给煤机停并发信号；
a) Stop coal feeder A and send signal;
b) A磨煤机停并发信号；
b) Stop pulverizer A and send signal;
c) 联关A磨煤机进口热风、冷风快速关断门及出口煤粉隔绝门；
c) Close pulverizer A inlet hot air and cold air quick-closed valve and outlet
pulverized coal isolated valve together;
d) 对B、C、D、E逐台进行试验，并重新合上跳闸转机开关，各挡板复位。
d) Test on B, C, D, E pulverizer one by one, close the trip turning switch
again and restore every damper.
3) 停止A磨煤机电动机；
3) Stop motor of pulverizer A;
a) A磨煤机停并发信号；
a) Stop pulverizer A and send signal;
b) A给煤机停并发信号；
b) Stop coal feeder A and send signal;
c) 联关A磨煤机进口热风、冷风快速关断门及出口煤粉隔绝门；
c) Close pulverizer A inlet hot air and cold air quick-closed valve and outlet
pulverized coal isolated valve together;
d) B、C、D、E、F磨煤机逐台试验，并重新合上跳闸转机开关及挡板。
d) Test on B, C, D, E ，F pulverizer one by one, close the trip turning switch
again and restore every damper.
4) 停止A侧密封风机电动机；
4) Stop motor of sealing fan A;
a) A密封风机停并发信号；
a) Stop Sealing fan A and send signal;
b) 联启B密封风机；
69
b) Start up Sealing fan B together;
c) 重新合上跳闸转机开关，B密封风机同样方法进行试验，结束后恢复原状
态。
c) Close trip changeover switch, test S sealing fan in same way, and restore
the original status after completion.
5) 同时停A、B密封风机电动机；
5) Stop A and Sealing fan Bs motors at the same time;
a) A、B密封风机停并发信号；
a) Stop A and Sealing fan Bs and send signal;
b) 联跳全部磨煤机并发信号；
b) Interlock trip all pulverizers and send signal;
c) 联跳全部给煤机并发信号；
c) Interlock trip all coal feeders and send signal;
d) 锅炉MFT保护动作；
d) Boiler MFT protection acts;
e) 重新合上跳闸转机开关。
e) Close trip changeover switch again;
6) 停止A侧一次风机电动机；
6) Stop motor of primary fan A;
a) A一次风机停并发信号；
a) Stop Primary air fan A and send signal;
b) RB保护动作，选择跳闸对应磨煤机；
b) RB protection acts and chooses the pulverizer which is corresponding to
the trip;
c) 联跳A.D磨煤机、给煤机并发信号；
c) Interlock trip A.D coal pulverizer and coal feeder and send signal;
d) 重新合上跳闸转机开关，B一次风机同样方法进行试验，结束后恢复原状
态。
d) Close the trip changeover switch again, test B primary fan in the same
way, and restore to original condition after completion.
7) 同时停A、B一次风机电动机；
7) Stop A and B primary fans motor;
a) A、B一次风机停并发信号；
a) Stop A and B primary fans and send signal;
b) 联跳全部磨煤机、密封风机并发信号；
b) Interlock trip all pulverizers, sealing fans and send signal;
70
c) 联跳全部给煤机并发信号；
c) Interlock trip all coal feeders and send signal;
e) Close the trip changeover switch again.
8) 停止A送风机电动机；
8) Stop motor of FD fan A;
a) A送风机停并发信号；
a) Stop FD fan A and send signal;
b) 联跳A一次风机并发信号；
b) Trip primary fan A and send signal Interlock;
c) 联跳对应磨煤机、给煤机并发信号；
c) Interlock trip corresponding pulverizer and coal feeder and send signal;
d) 关A送风机动叶，联关A送风机出口风门，联开送风联络门；
d) Close FD fan A moving blade, inter close FD fan A outlet air valve and
inter open forced draft department;
e) 锅炉RB保护动作；
e) Boiler RB protection activated;
f) 重新合上跳闸转机开关，B送风机同样试验结束后恢复。
f) Close trip changeover switch again, test B primary fan in the same way,
and restore to original condition after completion.
9) 同时停止A、B送风机电动机；
9) Stop the motors for FD fan A and B at the same time;
a) 联跳A、B一次风机、A、B密封风机并发信号；
a) Interlock trip primary fans A and B and sealing fans and send signal;
b) 联跳全部运行的磨煤机和给煤机并发信号；
b) Interlock trip all operating pulverizers and coal feeders and then send
signal;
c) 锅炉MFT保护动作；
c) Boiler MFT protection acts;
d) 重新合上跳闸转机开关。
d) Close trip changeover switch again.
10) 停止A引风机电动机开关；
10) Stop ID fan A motor switch;
71
a) A引风机停并发信号；
a) Stop ID fan A and send signal;
b) 联跳A送风机，A一次风机及A.D磨煤机、给煤机并发信号；
b) Interlock trip the FD fan A, primary air fan A, and A.D coal pulverizers and
coal feeders, and send signal.
c) 联关A引风机进、出口烟气门及入口静叶；
c) Interlock close ID fan A inlet and outlet flue gas gate and inlet static
blade;
d) 锅炉RB保护动作；
d) Boiler RB protection starts
e) 重新合上跳闸转机开关，B引风机同样试验结束后恢复。
e) Close trip changeover switch again, test B ID fan in the same way, and
restore to original condition after completion.
11) 同时停止A、B引风机电动机开关；
11) Stop A and B ID fans motor switches together;
a) A、B引风机停并发信号；
a) Stop ID fan A & B and send signal;
b) 联跳全部运行的送风机、一次风机、密封风机、磨煤机、给煤机并发信号；
b) Interlock trip all the FD fans, primary fans, sealing fans, pulverizers, coal
feeders in operating, meantime, send signal;
c) 5 min后引风机人口静叶至关闭状态；
c) Close ID fan inlet static blade after five minutes;
e) Close trip changeover switch again;
12) 停止A空预器主电动机开关;
12) Stop air preheater A main motor switch;
a) A空预器主电动机停并发信号，A空预器辅助电动机联动投入；
a) Stop main motor for air preheater A and send signal, activate the
interlock protection for auxiliary motor for air preheater A
b) 停止A空预器辅助电动机开关；
b) Cut off the breaker for auxiliary motor used for air preheater A
c) A空预器辅助电动机停并发信号；
c) Stop the auxiliary motor for air preheater A and send signal;
d) 延时5min联跳运行的全部引风机、一次风机并发信号，RB动作选择；
72
d) Delay all ID fans in Interlock trip operation for five minutes as well as
primary fan and send signal; RB acts to chose;
e) 联跳A.D磨煤机、给煤机并发信号；
e) Interlock trip A.D coal pulverizers and coal feeders and send signals;
f) 重新合上跳闸转机开关，B空预器同样试验结束后恢复。
f) Reclose the tripped breaker, in the same way do the test for preheater B
and then restore to original condition after completion.
13) 同时停止A、B空预器主辅电动机开关。
13) Trip the breakers for main and auxiliary motor that employed for preheater
A&B.
a) A、B空预器停并发信号；
a) Stop air preheater A and B and also send signal;
b) 延时5min联跳运行的全部引风机、送风机、一次风机、磨煤机并发信号；
b) Delay all ID fans in Interlock trip operation for five minutes as well as FD
fan, primary air fan and pulverizer and send signal;
c) 联关空预器进口烟气门、出口热风门(包括联络风门、一次风机出口风门、
送风机出口风门(包括联络风门及压力冷风门)；
c) Interlock close air preheater inlet flue gas valve and outlet hot air valve
(including interconnection air valve, primary air fan outlet valve, FD outlet
air valve, interconnection air valve and pressurized cold air valve).
d) 锅炉MFT保护动作。
d) Boiler MFT protection ACTIVATED.
4.2.2 燃油泄露试验
4.2.2 Oil leak test
4.2.2.1 概述
4.2.2.1 Overview
为防止供油管路泄漏（包括漏入炉膛）
，油系统泄漏试验是针对进油快关阀、及单个
油角阀的密闭性所做的试验。操作员直接在 CRT 上发出启动油泄漏试验指令。
To prevent oil supply pipelines leakage (including leakage into the furnace), the oil
system leakage test is carried out on the leakage of the oil inlet quick close valve
and single oil valve. The operator directly sends out startup oil leakage test
command on CRT.
油泄漏试验成功是炉膛吹扫条件之一。按照规程，严禁旁路油泄漏试验。
Successful oil leakage test is one of the conditions for furnace purging. According
to the standards and regulations, the bypass oil leakage test is forbidden.
4.2.2.2 点火油试验过程：
4.2.2.2 Ignition oil test process:
以下条件全部满足，认为点火油母管泄漏试验准备就绪：
If the following conditions are all met, it is deemed that the ignition oil main pipe
73
leakage test is ready.
● [MFT 继电器已跳闸]或[两台磨以上运行]
● [MFT relay has tripped] or [more than two pulverizers are in operation]
● 点火油 OFT
● Ignition oil OFT
● 进油快关阀关状态
● Oil inlet quick close valve is in closed position
● 油角阀全关
● Oil valve is fully closed.
● 供油压力正常
● Oil supply pressure is normal
若允许条件满足，将在 CRT 上指示“点火油泄漏试验允许条件”满足，这时可以从
CRT 上发出“油泄漏试验”指令，指令发出后，关闭回油阀，旁路 MFT 硬接线跳点火
油快关阀指令、打开点火油快关阀、压力调整阀，同时在 CRT 上指示“油泄漏试验
在进行中”，并自动进行下列步序：
If the conditions are met, there will be an indication on the CRT indicating “ignition
oil leakage test permissive conditions” are met. At this time, send out “oil leakage
test” command from CRT. After sending out the command, close oil return valve
and the bypass MFT hard-wired oil ignition quick close command, open ignition oil
quick close valve and pressure governing valve. At the same time, CRT indicates
“oil leakage test proceeding”, and carries out following procedure:
(1) 打开进油快关阀充压，待点火油快关阀前压力正常后（高于 3MPa）关闭点火
油进油快关阀；若在 60S 内，油压未达到规定值（3MPa）
，则发出“充油失败”
信号。检查泄漏点，消除后重新做燃油泄漏试验。
(1) Open oil inlet quick close valve to pressurize, after the ignition oil quick close
front pressure is normal (more than 3MPa), send out “oil injection failure”
signal. Check leaking point, carry out the fuel oil leakage test again after
eliminating leakage.
(2) 若燃油母管压力合格，关闭点火油进油快关阀，开始 180s 的油压监视。若燃
油压力低于 2.5MPa，则发出“燃油母管及油角阀泄漏”信号,检查泄漏点，消除后
重新做燃油泄漏试验。
(2) If the fuel main pipe pressure meets the requirements, close ignition oil inlet
quick close valve, and start to monitor the oil pressure for 180 seconds. If the
fuel pressure is less than 2.5MPa, send out “fuel oil main pipe and oil valve
leakage” signal, check the leaking point, and carry out the fuel oil leakage test
again after eliminating leakage.
(3) 若充油成功，开回油快关阀，管路泄油。若 90 秒内，燃油压力高于 0.05MPa
或回油快关阀未打开，则发出“泄油失败”信号。
(3) If oil injection succeeds, open oil return quick close valve to discharge oil in
pipeline. If the fuel oil pressure is more than 0.05MPa in 90 seconds, or if the
oil return quick close valve is not closed, send out “oil leakage failure” signal
(4) 若泄油成功，开始 120 秒的油压监视，若燃油压力≥0.1MPa，则发出“进油快关
74
阀泄漏”信号。
(4) If oil discharging succeeds, start to monitor the oil pressure for 120 seconds.
If the fuel oil pressure is more than ≥0.1MPa, send out “oil inlet quick close
valve leakage”signal。
（5）若在这期间，无任何泄漏号发生，则发出油泄漏试验成功信号。
（5） If there is no leakage signal sending out during the process, send out oil
leakage test successes signal.
4.2.2.3 在试验的过程中，以下任一条件发生取消点火油泄漏试验启动信号：
4.2.2.3 During the test, if any of the following conditions happens, the ignition oil leakage
test startup signal will be cancelled.
● MFT 继电器复位脉冲
● MFT relay reset impulse.
● MFT 跳闸脉冲\
● MFT trip impulse.
● OFT 跳闸脉冲
● OFT trip impulse.
● 充油失败脉冲
● Oil injection failure impulse.
● 泄油失败脉冲
● Oil leakage failure impulse.
● 燃油母管及油角阀泄漏脉冲
● Fuel oil main pipe and oil valve leakage impulse.
● 进油快关阀泄漏脉冲
● Oil inlet quick close valve leakage impulse.
● 油泄漏试验成功脉冲
● Successful impulse of oil leakage test
4.2.2.4 以下任一条件复位点火油泄漏试验成功信号：
4.2.2.4 If any of the following conditions is met, the ignition oil leakage test successful
signal will be reset.
● MFT 继电器跳闸脉冲
● MFT relay trip impulse.
● 油泄漏试验进行脉冲
● Oil leakage test operation impulse.
● OFT 脉冲
● OFT impulse.
4.2.3 汽包水位保护试验
75
4.2.3 Steam Drum Water Level Protection Test
每次启动前联系热控人员进行。
Contact I&C personnel to execute the test before startup.
4.2.3.1 当汽包水位高Ⅰ值(+50mm)时，发出报警。
4.2.3.1 When steam drum water level is high I (+50mm), the alarm signal is sent out.
4.2.3.2 当汽包水位高Ⅱ值(+100mm)时，水位高Ⅰ、Ⅱ值报警信号均发出，同时打开事故
放水门。
4.2.3.2 When steam drum water level is high II (+100mm), the alarm signal of both water
level high I&II value is sent out. The emergency water discharging valve is
opened automatically at the same time.
4.2.3.3 当汽包水位高Ⅲ值(+200mm)时，延时 2S 触发炉 MFT 动作炉跳闸。
4.2.3.3 When the steam drum water level is high III (+200mm), MFT protection activates
after 2s delay.
4.2.3.4 当汽包水位低Ⅰ值(-50mm)时，发出报警。
4.2.3.4 When steam drum water level is low I (-50mm), the alarm signal is sent out.
4.2.3.5 当汽包水位低Ⅱ值(-100mm)时，低Ⅰ、Ⅱ值信号均发出。
4.2.3.5 When steam drum water level is low II (-100mm), the alarm signal of low I and low
II is sent out,
4.2.3.6 当汽包水位低Ⅲ值(-230mm)时，延时 2S 触发炉 MFT 动作炉跳闸。
4.2.3.6 When the steam drum water level is low III (-230mm), MFT protection activates
after 3s.
4.2.4 水压试验
4.2.4 Hydrostatic Test
4.2.4.1 水压试验的目的和条件
4.2.4.1 Hydrostatic test Purpose and Condition
1) 水压试验的目的是对新安装的锅炉或受热面及承压部件(省煤器、水冷壁、再热
器及管道阀门等)检修后的锅炉，为检查其严密性，必须进行水压试验。
1) The Hydrostatic test purpose is check the tightness and carry out Hydrostatic
test for the newly installed boiler, heating surface, bearing parts (economizer,
water wall, reheater and pipeline valves, etc.) and boiler after maintenance.
2) 水压试验的条件
2) Hydrostatic test Condition
a) 运行中的锅炉每六年进行一次(在大修后进行)。
a) Perform the test once for the boiler in operation every 6 years. (Carry out
the test after overhaul).
b) 新装和迁装的锅炉投运时。
b) When the newly installed and removed boiler is activated.
c) 停用一年以上的锅炉恢复运行时。
76
c) When the boiler is reactivated after Shutdown above one year.
d) 锅炉承压部经过重大修理或更换(汽包进行重大修理、水冷壁更换50%以
上，过热器、省煤器、再热器成组更换)。
d) Boiler bearing parts via important repair or replace (carry out the
overhaul for steam drum, the replacing of water wall is above 50%,
coupling replace the superheater, economizer and reheater).
e) 根据运行情况，对设备安全可靠性有怀疑时，经总工程师批准。
e) If have any doubt on the safety and reliability of equipment, approve by
the shift engineer.
f) 锅炉严重缺水后，受热面大面积变形时。
f) When the boiler seriously lack the water, and the heating surface deform
in a large part.
g) 锅炉严重超压达1.25倍工作压力及以上时。
g) When the overpressure of boiler gets to 1.25 times or above.
3) 水压试验按其压力可分为工作压力水压试验和超压水压试验。
3) The water pressure test can be classified into working pressure Hydrostatic
test and overpressure Hydrostatic test.
a) 工作压力水压试验是机组大、小修后或锅炉汽水系统局部检修后必须进行
的试验。
a) Working pressure Hydrostatic test is the test which has to be carried out
after unit overhaul, repair, and steam water system partial maintenance.
b) 超压水压试验锅炉遇到下列情况之一时才进行的试验。其试验压力为：主
蒸汽系统为额定压力的1.25倍，再热汽系统为进口压力的1.5倍。
b) Overpressure Hydrostatic test is the test should be carried out when
occurs one of following conditions. The test hydraulic pressure is ； the
main steam system is the 1.25 times of rated pressure. The reheating
steam system is 1.5 times of inlet pressure.
4.2.4.2 水压试验的压力及范围
4.2.4.2 Hydrostatic test Pressure and Range
1) 主蒸汽系统：(以汽包处压力为准)。
1) Main Steam System: (take the pressure in the steam drum spot as standard)
a) 水压试验压力：
a) Hydrostatic test Pressure:
工作压力水压试验压力：13.43MPa
Working pressure test pressure is 13.43MPa
超压水压试验压力：16.7 MPa
Over pressure Hydrostatic test pressure is 16.7MPa
b) 主蒸汽系统试验范围：
77
b) The test range for main steam system:
锅炉本体主蒸汽系统自锅炉主给水电动截止门及其旁路手动旁路截止门
至高温过热器出口管道水压试验堵阀范围内的省煤器、汽包、水冷壁、过
热器、减温器及联箱和汽水管道、截门、与其相关的空气门、疏水、放水
门和锅炉取样门同时进行。
The main steam system of boiler body is ranging from boiler main
feedwater electric stop valves and the bypass manual stop valves to the
following equipment which is included in blocking valves of superheater
outline hydrostatic test should be started at the same time: economizer,
steam drum, water wall, superheater, desuperheater, header, steam
water pipeline, stop valve and corresponding air vent valve, drain water,
water discharge valve and boiler sampling valve.
2) 再热汽系统(试验压力以进口处压力为准)
2) Reheating Steam System (Test pressure should take the inlet pressure as
example)
a) 试验压力：
a) test pressure:
工作压力试验压力：2.7 MPa
Working pressure test pressure: 2.7 MPa
超压水压试验压力：3.9 MPa
Super hydrostatic test pressure: 3.9 MPa
b) 再热汽系统试验范围：
b) Test range for reheat steam system:
再热器系统自低温再热器入口水压试验堵板至高温再热器出口导汽管水压
试验堵板范围内的再热器、减温器、联箱和汽水管道、截门，以及相关的
空气门、疏放水门等。
Reheater system is ranging from low temperature reheater inlet
hydrostatic test baffle plate to the following equipment which is included
in high temperature reheater outlet steam lead pipe hydrostatic test baffle
plate: reheater, desuperheater, header and steam water pipeline, stop
valve and corresponding air vent valve and drainage valve, etc.
3) 汽包就地水位计只参加工作压力水压试验，不参加超压水压试验。
3) The steam drum local water meter only perform working pressure Hydrostatic
test, does not prefer overpressure Hydrostatic test.
4.2.4.3 水压试验要求及注意事项
4.2.4.3 Requirements and Precautions for Hydrostatic test
1) 水压试验要求
1) Hydrostatic test Requirement:
a) 水压试验用水可用除盐水或冷凝水。升压期间保持锅筒壁温≥20℃。
a) The water of hydrostatic test should be demineralized water or
78
condensate. The temperature of steam drum wall should be ≥20 ℃
during the pressure boosting period.
水压试验应将主蒸汽、再热蒸汽管道和集中下降管、事故放水管等各管上
的吊架及炉顶弹簧吊架用插销或定位予以临时固定，水压试验后应拆除。
水压试验的顺序应先做再热蒸汽系统，后做锅炉主蒸汽系统。
In hydrostatic test, roof spring hangers and hangers on main steam pipe,
reheated steam pipe, downcomer, emergency draining pipe and other
pipes should be set temporarily by bolts or dowels. And bolts or dowels
will be removed after hydrostatic test. hydrostatic test should proceed in
reheated steam system firstly, following with boiler main steam system.
b) 工作压力水压试验由检修总工程师组织主持，运行专业工程师、锅炉监察
工程师、生产技术部锅炉专业工程师参加。
b) The maintenance shift engineer in charge of working pressure
Hydrostatic test, and other engineer take part in the test, such as
operation engineer, boiler supervision engineer and boiler engineer
working in production technical department.
c) 超压水压试验必须由总工程师或其指定的专业人员主持和现场指挥。
c) The overpressure Hydrostatic test should be presided and commanded
by shift engineer or other assigned professional engineer.
d) 超压试验必须在工作压力水压试验合格后，方可进行。
d) Overpressure test should be performed after the working pressure
Hydrostatic test meets the requirement.
e) 水压试验时停止炉内外的一切承压部件检修工作，工作人员撤离现场。
e) The maintenance for all bearing parts in and out of the furnace should be
stopped, and the maintenance personnel should withdraw the on-site
when perform the Hydrostatic test.
f) 水压试验压力以汽包就地压力表为准，就地压力表应换成标准表，精度不
低于1.5级。
f) The pressure of Hydrostatic test should take steam drum local pressure
meter as standard. The local pressure meter should be changed to
standard meter, and the precision of it is no less than 1.5 levels.
g) 水压试验应先进行再热器系统水压试验，后进行过热器系统水压试验。
g) When perform the Hydrostatic test, the Hydrostatic test in reheater
system should be firstly carry out, and then, carry out the Hydrostatic test
in superheater system.
2) 水压试验注意事项
2) Precautions for Hydrostatic test
a) 水压试验过程中须统一指挥，升降压须得到现场指挥的许可后，方可进行。
a) Unified command should be used in the process of the Hydrostatic test.
Pressure boosting or decreasing should be performed after get the
permission from the on-site commander.
b) 设专人负责升、降压操作，严格控制升降压速度，严禁超压，并有可靠的
79
紧急泄压放水措施。
b) The professional in charge of the pressure boosting and decreasing
operation, strictly control the velocity of boosting and decreasing, it is
forbidden to overpressure, and have reliable emergency pressure
releasing and water discharging measures.
c) 升压过程中如发现阀门、管道泄漏、压力表不准确，压力不上升等现象或
不参加试验的管道出现压力升高等不正常现象时，应立即停止升压，查明
原因并处理后，再进行试验。
c) In the process of pressure boosting, if found the following Description,
immediately stop the pressure boosting: valve and pipeline leakage, the
pressure meter is not correct, the pressure is not rising and the pressure
boosting occurs in the pipeline which not takes part in the test. After find
out the Cause and way of solutions, restart the test.
d) 在升压或持压过程中，不许冲洗表管及取样管等操作。
d) It is forbidden to flush the meter pipe and sampling pipe in the process of
pressure boosting and retaining.
e) 水压试验在升压过程中，严禁对承压部件进行检查。
e) It is forbidden to check the bearing department in the process of
Hydrostatic test pressure boosting.
f) 做超压试验时，还应解列汽包安全阀及所有水位计。
f) Disconnect steam drum safety valve and all water level meters when
perform the overpressure test.
g) 水压试验结束后，应对炉内部采取防腐措施，环境温度低于5℃时还应采取
防冻措施。
g) After the Hydrostatic test is finished, take measures for the inside furnace,
When the ambient temperature is less than 5 ℃ , take anti-freezing
measures.
h) 水压试验后，不得在承压部件上再行开孔施焊。
h) After the Hydrostatic test is finished, never open pore parts and welding
on the bearing.
4.2.4.4 水压试验前的检查与准备
4.2.4.4 Inspection and Preparation before Hydrostatic test
1) 检查与水压试验有关的汽水系统，检修工作结束、工作票收回，炉膛和尾部烟
道内无人工作。
1) Check the steam water system relevant with Hydrostatic test. After the
maintenance finished, take back the working permit, and check there are no
personnel in the furnace and flue gas duct.
2) 所有外来的材料及工具均已清除。
2) Remove all foreign materials and tools.
3) 确认炉内无人后关闭炉门。
3) Check no person is left and then close the furnace valve.
80
4) 汇报值长，联系各有关部门，准备好水压试验用水。
4) Inform the shift leader, contact with other corresponding department, and well
prepare the water for Hydrostatic test using.
5) 试验前压力表经热工校验并投入，同一试验系统不少于两块压力表，精度不低
于1.5级。
5) Before the test, the pressure meter can be activated after checked by I&C.
under the same test system, it is required no less than two pressure meters,
and the precisions should be no less than 1.5 levels.
6) 主再汽管道上的恒力吊架及炉顶弹簧吊架均予以固定，做超压试验时，集中下
降管、事故放水等各管道上的恒力吊架亦予以固定。
6) The constant hanger on the main steam pipeline and spring hanger on the
tope of furnace should be equally fixed. When carry out the overpressure test,
fix the constant hanger on the centralized down comer, emergency discharge
water and every pipeline.
7) 主、再汽管道上的水压试验堵阀已接入系统，并做好防止汽轮机进水的措施。
7) The Hydrostatic test blocking valve on the main and reheating steam pipeline,
has been connected in the system, and take the good measures for prevent
steam turbine from filling water.
8）所有阀门可调节自如，且正确安装就位。
8) All valves can be adjusted freely and installed properly.
4.2.4.5 水压试验操作
4.2.4.5 Hydrostatic test Operation
A 主蒸汽系统
A Main Steam System
1) 关闭所有人孔。
1) Closed all man holes.
2) 关闭闸阀及截止阀，疏水排污阀以及通往任何涉及不能承受水压试验压力
的仪表和附件的阀门。
2) Close gate valve, stop valve, drainage valve and all valves to
instruments and auxiliaries which cannot bear hydrostatic test pressure.
3) 打开各组件最高点处的排气门。
3) Open vent valves on top of all components.
4) 锅炉检查完毕后可对锅炉进行上水。
4) Fill water to boiler after checking.
5) 上水前，水质应经化验合格。
上水温度应高于周围露点温度，一般取20-70℃，上水温度与锅筒壁温只差
不超过28℃。
5) Water quality must meet requirements before feeding to boiler.
Temperature of feeding water must be 20-70℃ which is higher than dew
81
temperature around. The temperature differences between feed water
and drum wall must be less than 28℃.
6) 上水速度应缓慢，以免引起水击，建议上水速度不少于2小时，当水温与锅
筒壁温较为接近时，可适当加快上水速度。
6) Speed of feeding water must be slow to avoid water hammer. The
suggested feeding speed is no less than 2 hours. Accelerate feeding
water speed appropriately as the temperature differences of water and
drum wall is small.
7) 上水过程中密切监视水位变化，并检查各部件是否发生泄漏。若发现异常，
立即查明原因，并予以消除。
7) Closely monitor the water level changes during feeding water. Check and
ensure all components has no leakage problem. Otherwise find out
problems and solve it.
8) 上水至各空气门冒水后关闭。
8) Stop fills the water to every air vent valve until they spray water.
9) 升压速度由给水控制台的给水小旁路截止阀控制压力，升压速度缓慢平稳。
9) The pressure boosting velocity is controlled by the bypass stop valve on
the feedwater control platform, and the pressure boosting velocity should
be slow and stable.
10) 压力≤0.98MPa时，升压速度≤0.244 MPa/min。
When the pressure is less than 0.98MPa, and the boosting velocity is
less than 0.244 MPa/min.
11) 压力升至0.98MPa时暂停升压进行检查，无异常，稳压15分钟继续升压，
至5.88MPa时暂停升压，观察压力变化，无异常，继续升压至9.8MPa后放
慢升压速度，使其≤0.196MPa/min，当压力升到11.77MPa时暂停升压，检
查有无异常。无异常，继续升压，直至合格。
11) When the pressure reaches to 0.98MPa, suspend boosting and check to
make sure normal running. After 15min pressure stablization, continue
boosting to 5.88MPa and suspend again. If the changes of pressure is
normal, continue boosting to 9.8MPa and then slow down to make it less
than 0.196MPa/min. When the pressure reaches to 11.77MPa, suspend
and check to make sure normal running. Then continue boosting again to
meet the requirement.
12) 压力升至试验压力后，关闭进水门，停止升压。
12) After the pressure rise to test pressure, close water inlet valve and stop
boosting.
13) 对炉本体进行全面检查，并记录压力下降情况及时间。
13) Check the overall boiler body and record the pressure decreasing
condition and time.
14) 水压试验结束后放水泄压，其速度控制在0.3MPa/min以下。
14) After the Hydrostatic test finished, discharge the water and release the
pressure, and the velocity should be controlled bellow 0.3MPa/min.
82
15) 压力降至0.098MPa～0.196 MPa时，开启各空气阀及各疏水阀。
15) When the pressure drops to 0.098MPa～0.196, open every air vent valve
and drainage valve.
B 再热汽系统水压试验
B Reheating Steam System Hydrostatic test
a) 由低温再热器减温器管路向系统充水，至各放空气门连续冒水后关闭。
a) Fill the water to the system by through low temperature reheater
desuperheater pipeline, and close it until every air vent valve
continuously sprays water.
b) 由微量喷水减温器控制其升压速度，升压时应缓慢进行。
b) Control the boosting velocity by slight amount water spray desuperheater,
and slowly to boosting.
c) 压力≤0.98 MPa时，升压速度≤0.098 MPa/min。
c) When the pressure is less than 0.98 MPa, the boosting velocity will be
less than 0.098 MPa/min.
d) 压力达到0.98 MPa时，停止升压，全面检查稳定15min后继续升压。升压
速度≤0.3 MPa/min。
d) When the pressure gets to 0.98 MPa, stop boosting, and carry out the
overall inspection, after 15 min stable, continue to boosting, and boosting
velocity is less than 0.3 MPa/min.
e) 压力达到工作压力2.6MPa时，停止升压，保持压力稳定，对再热器系统进
行全面检查，无异常时再升至超压试验压力，直至合格。
e) When the pressure gets to the working pressure 2.6MPa, stop boosting,
retain the pressure stable, and carry out the overall inspection for
reheater system. When there is no abnormal description, restart boosting
to overpressure test pressure and meet the requirements.
f) 关闭进水门，记录压力下降情况及时间。
f) Close water inlet valve, and record the pressure decreasing condition
and time.
g) 水压试验结束后，开启再热器疏水阀泄压，并控制泄压速度约为 0.3
MPa/min以下。
g) After Hydrostatic test, open reheater drainage water valve to release
pressure, and control the release velocity bellow 0.3MPa/min.
j) 水压试验结束后，拆除所有水压试验堵阀，中垫板。
j) After the Hydrostatic test, remove all Hydrostatic test blocking valve and
middle pallet.
4.2.4.6 工作压力水压试验合格标准
4.2.4.6 Criterion for working pressure Hydrostatic test
1) 关闭进水阀,停止升压泵后，5分钟内锅炉本体压力下降不超过0.5MPa。
1) After close the water inlet valve and stop booting pump, within five minutes,
83
the boiler body pressure drops, and is no more than 0.5 MPa
2) 受压元件金属壁和焊缝没有任何水珠和水雾的漏泄痕迹。
2) The metal wall and weld seam of bearing elements is no any leakage track of
globule and water fog
4.2.4.7 超压水压试验合格标准
4.2.4.7 Criterion for Overpressure Hydrostatic test
1) 受压元件金属壁和焊缝没有任何水珠和水雾的漏泄痕迹。
1) The metal wall and weld seam of bearing elements is no any leakage track of
globule and water fog.
2) 受压元件无明显的残余变形。
2) There is no obvious residual deformation on the bearing element.
4.2.5 安全门整定试验
4.2.5 Safety Valve Setting Test
4.2.5.1 安全门校验条件及要求
4.2.5.1 Safety Valve Calibration Conditions and Requirements
1) 锅炉大修后及安全门检修后，必须进行安全门的热态校验，以保证其动作的可
靠性。
1) In order to keep the safety valve run reliably, the safety valve hot-state
calibration must be carried out after boiler major overhaul and safety valve
maintenance.
2) 参加人员：锅炉检修主管及技术专责、热工、锅炉检修有关人员，锅炉运行及
安监部有关人员。
2) Participants: boiler maintenance supervisor, technical engineer, I&C and
boiler relevant personnel, boiler operator and safety supervisor.
3) 由值长领导，检修主管组织并负责各方面联系工作。
3) Appoint the shift leader to be the leader and the maintenance supervisor
organizes and is in charge of the coordination work.
4) 值长指挥，主值及有关人员操作。
4) The shift leader lead and the chief operator and relevant personnel operate.
5) 热工、锅炉检修负责安全门调试。
5) I&C and boiler maintenance personnel are in charge of the safety valve
commissioning.
6) 安全阀校验必须具备下列条件：
6) The following conditions have to be met before the safety valves can be
calibrated:
a) 锅炉检修工作已结束，所有工作票已终结。
a) Boiler maintenance work and work permits are completed;
b) 校验安全阀用的标准压力表已安装完毕。
84
b) The standard pressure gauges for calibration have been installed;
c) 锅炉有关联锁保护正常投运。
c) Boiler interlock protections are activated correctly;
d) 汽机旁路系统和真空系统能正常投运。
d) The turbine bypass system and vacuum system can be put into service
normally;
e) 安全阀的校验顺序应先高压，后低压。
e) Calibration is done in order of pressure, starting with the highest;
f) 安全阀校验前，应对电磁泄压阀的控制回路进行检查和试验并合格，确保
动作正常。
f) Before calibration, in order to ensure it works properly, the control circuit
of electromagnetic relief valve should be checked and tested.
4.2.5.2 校验原则
4.2.5.2 Calibration Rules
1) 锅炉大修或安全阀检修后，必须对安全阀动作值进行校验，校验内容包括起座
压力、回座压力、阀瓣开启高度等。
1) After the boiler is overhauled or the safety valve is repaired, the working
value of the safety valve has to be calibrated. Calibration includes items like
popping pressure, reseating pressure and open height of valve disc.
2) 安全阀应定期进行排汽试验，试验间隔不大于一个小修间隔期，一般在小修停
炉过程中进行。电磁阀的控制回路定期试验每月应进行一次。
2) Steam exhaustion tests have to be carried out regularly for the safety valve.
Tests have to be done at least once during every repair. The test is usually
carried out during boiler outage while regular boiler repairs are going on.
Testing of the control circuit of electromagnetic valves has to be carried out
once a month.
3) 校验安全阀时，安全监察工程师及有关技术领导应在现场监护，现场和集控室
应配置专用的通讯工具，有专人负责联系。
3) While calibrating the safety valve, safety supervision engineers and related
technical leaders should be onsite to supervise. Special communication
devices should be prepared on site and in Central Control Room (CCR).
Some personnel should be designated to be responsible for contacting.
4) 安全门校验一般应不带负荷时进行，采用单独启动升压的方法；需带负荷校验
时，应由厂技术部门制定具体措施。
4) The safety valve should be calibrated with no load. Adopt individual startup
and pressure rising method. If it is necessary to calibrate with load, the
technical department should draw up specific measures.
5) 安全门校验，一般按压力由高到低的原则进行。
5) The safety valve should be calibrated from high pressure to the low pressure.
6) 安全门校验前必须制定完善的校验指导及安全措施，校验时应有专职人员指挥，
专职操作。
85
6) The complete calibration guidance and safety measures should be drawn up
before safety valve calibration and the calibration should be led and operated
by special personnel.
7) 整定压力原则：一般汽包、过热器控制安全门启座压力为1.05倍工作压力，再
热器安全门启座压力为1.1倍工作压力。
7) Pressure setting rules: generally, the steam drum and superheater control
safety valve popping pressure should be 1.05 times of the working pressure
and the reheater safety valve popping pressure should be 1.1 times of the
working pressure
4.2.5.3 校验前的检查与准备
4.2.5.3 Inspection and Preparation before Calibration
1) 安全门装置及其它有关设备检修工作全部结束，工作票收回并注销。
1) The safety valve device and other relevant equipment maintenance work
have finished completely and the work permit have been given back and
canceled.
2) 作好防超压事故预想及处理措施。
2) Make the anti-overpressure accident anticipation and handling measures.
3) 准备好对讲机等通讯器材和耳塞。
3) Prepare the walkie talkie, other communications and earplug.
4) 检查各向空排汽门开关灵活可靠。
4) Check the atmospheric relief valve can be operated flexibly and reliably.
5) 汽机允许锅炉单独升压。
5) The turbine admits the boiler raises pressure individually.
6) 不参加校验的安全门应锁定。
6) The safety valve without being involved should be locked.
7) 校验前检查校准汽包、过热器、再热器就地压力表计，远传压力表计，确保表
计指示正确。
7) Before calibration, check and calibrate the steam drum, superheater and
reheater local pressure gauge and remotely-controlled pressure gauge
indications.
4.2.5.4 安全门校验方法
4.2.5.4 Safety Valve Calibration Method
1) 锅炉可以带负荷校验，也可以不带负荷校验。
1) The safety valve on boiler side can be calibrated with or without load.
2) 启动前的检查、准备及点火升温升压过程，按锅炉启动有关规定执行，控制高
温再热器进口烟温不大于510℃。
2) Inspection, preparation and ignition temperature and pressure rising
processes before activation have to be carried out based on the regulations
regarding boiler activation. Gas temperature at the inlet of the secondary
86
reheater has to be controlled at or less than 510℃.
3) 锅炉开始升压，调整燃烧强度，控制升压率在0.2MPa/min以内。
3) Start increasing boiler pressure, adjust the combustion intensity and control
the pressure rising rate below 0.2MPa/min.
4) 将电磁泄压阀控制开关置退出自动。
4) Take the control switch of the electromagnetic relief valve out of automatic
activation position.
5) 当压力升至60-80℅额定工作压力时，停止升压，手动放汽一次，以排除锈蚀等
杂质，防止影响校验效果。
5) When the pressure reach to 60-80℅ of the rated working pressure, stop
rising, open the manual steam discharge valve once to discharge the rust
and other impurities to prevent influencing on calibration effect.
6) 当压力达到额定工作压力值时，控制升压速度≯0.1Mpa/min。
6) When the pressure reach to the rated working pressure, control the pressure
rising speed and make it be ≯0.1Mpa/min.
7) 高压旁路切手动，以每分钟0.1～0.5MPa的升压率缓慢升至安全阀起座整定压
力，如安全阀未起座，应将压力降至回座压力以下，进行调整。
7) Switch the HP bypass to manual to increase pressure slowly with a pressure
rising rate of 0.1-0.5MPa/min, right up until it reaches the set popping
pressure of the safety valve. If the safety valve does not open, decrease the
pressure to seating pressure or even lower and adjust.
8) 当汽压升至校验安全门动作值时，校验安全门应动作，否则，由维修人员对动
作值进行调整，直到启座和回座压力符合规定。
8) When the pressure reach to the safety valve popping value, the safety valve
should activate, if not, ask for the maintenance personnel to adjust until the
popping pressure and the reseating pressure is up to the code.
9) 当安全阀动作时，记录动作压力，并调整燃烧使安全阀回座，记录回座压力。
同时应加强对汽温和水位的调整，防止汽包水位波动过大。
9) When the safety valve opens, record the opening pressure and adjust
combustion to reseat the valve. Record the reseating pressure. At the same
time, strengthen the adjustment of steam temperature and water level to
prevent large fluctuation of the water level in the steam drum.
10) 若安全阀动作值与定值不等时，应进行调整，再次校验直至合格。
10) If the opening value of safety valve does not accord with the set value, adjust
it till it meets the requirements.
11) 汽包、过热器安全阀校验完毕后，进行电磁泄压阀的校验。
11) After safety valves of steam drum and superheater are all calibrated,
calibrate the electromagnetic relief valves.
12) 降低汽包压力至3-5MPa时，通过汽机旁路系统对再热器安全阀进行校验，在校
验安全阀整定值的整个过程中，应防止再热器超温。
12) Decrease the steam drum pressure to 3-5MPa. Calibrate the safety valve of
87
the reheater via turbine bypass system. During the valve calibration and
value setting processes, prevent overheating of the reheater.
13) 安全阀全部校验完毕后，根据值长命令，按停炉曲线进行停炉。校验结束后，
安全阀的起座压力、回座压力和阀瓣开启高度应符合规定，并在锅炉技术档案
中记录。
13) After all safety valves are calibrated, shut down the boiler based on the
shutdown curve following the order from the shift leader. As calibration is
finished, parameters like popping pressure, reseating pressure and open
height of the valve clack have to be in accordance with relevant regulations
and be recorded in boiler technical documents.
14) 校验过程中，为防止弹簧受热影响动作压力，同一安全阀动作的时间间隔一般
大于30分钟。
14) During calibration, in order to avoid spring activating pressure being
influenced be heat, the same safety valve activating time internal should be
bigger than 30m generally.
15) 校验过程中，按整定要求控制压力变化速度；如升降幅度较大，应调整燃烧，
如升降幅度较小，用向空排汽或过热器疏水来控制。
15) During calibration, control the pressure changing rate according to the setting
requirements. If the rising and dropping amplitude is too big, adjust the
combustion, if the rising and dropping amplitude is too small, control the
atmospheric relief valve or the superheater drainage system.
16) 在带负荷校验安全门，安全门动作后不回座，应降压并采取措施使之回座，若
压力降至不能满足汽轮机要求时，应停炉处理。
16) When calibrating with load, if the safety valve can not be reseated after
popping up, reduce the pressure and take measures to make it be seated. If
the pressure reduces to the value which can not meet the requirements of
turbine, shut down the boiler to handle.
4.2.5.5 安全阀校验的注意事项
4.2.5.5 Precautions for safety valve calibration
1) 校验时应保持锅炉工况稳定，加强对汽压、汽温、水位的监视和调整。
1) Make sure the working condition of the boiler is stable during calibration.
Increase monitoring and adjustment of steam pressure, steam temperature
and water level.
2) 在校验安全阀整定值的整个过程中，严禁过热器超温。
2) During whole process of calibration and value setting, prevent overheating of
the superheater.
3) 防止锅炉熄火。
3) Prevent furnace flame-out.
4) 校验期间，当发生事故时，应停止校验，按有关事故规定处理
4) During calibration, if accident occurs, stop calibrating immediately and solve
the problem in accordance with relevant accident solving regulations.
5) 安全阀一经校验合格应加锁或铅封。锅炉运行中严禁将安全阀解列。
88
5) Once the safety valve is calibrated, it has to be locked or lead sealed. Do not
disconnect the valve during boiler operation.
6) 试验期间，现场人员应注意自身防护。
6) During trial operation, personnel on site must pay attention to personal safety.
7) 带负荷进行安全阀校验时，应注意汽机参数的变化。
7) If calibration has to be carried out when equipment is in service, pay attention
to the variation in turbine parameters.
4.2.5.6 安全门整定值
4.2.5.6 Safety Valve Setting Value
名称起座值回座值
Name Pop-up value Reseating value
过热器出口#1 安全阀
14.10 13.54
Superheater outlet #1 safety valve
过热器出口#2 安全阀
14.10 13.54
Superheater outlet #2 safety valve
锅筒#1 安全阀
15.67 15.04
Steam drum #1 safety valve
锅筒#2 安全阀
15.83 15.19
锅筒#3 安全阀
15.98 15.34
锅筒#4 安全阀
16.14 15.49
再热器出口#1 安全阀
2.67 2.56
Reheater outlet #1 safety valve
再热器出口#2 安全阀
2.67 2.56
Reheater outlet #2 safety valve
再热器进口 A#1 安全阀
2.99 2.87
Reheater inlet A #1 safety valve
再热器进口 A#2 安全阀
2.99 2.87
Reheater inlet A#2 safety valve
再热器进口 B#1 安全阀
3.08 2.95
Reheater inlet B #1 safety valve
再热器进口 B#2 安全阀
3.08 2.95
Reheater inlet B#2 safety valve
89
过热器出口 PCV 阀
13.96 13.68
Superheater outlet PCV valve
4.3 锅炉启动前的检查
4.3 Inspections before Boiler Startup
4.3.1 检查内容
4.3.1 Inspection Contents
4.3.1.1 所有检修工作已全部结束，工作票已收回并办理完工作手续。各平台、楼梯、栏杆、
地沟盖板等完好无损，通道无杂物，检修安全措施及围拦已拆除，现场卫生清洁。
4.3.1.1 All of the maintenance has been finished. The work permit has been taken back
and working procedures have been finished. Every platform, stairs, handrails,
covers of valley should be complete and in good condition. There is no foreign
matter in the passage. The safety measures for maintenance and fences have
been disassembled. The site should be clean.
4.3.1.2 各系统支吊架完整牢固，保温良好膨胀指示器正确。
4.3.1.2 The support of the system is complete and firm. The insulation is good, and the
expansion indicator is correct.
4.3.1.3 确认各辅机电动机绝缘良好，有关电源送电。检查转动设备、系统完好、仪表齐全，
机械部分盘车无卡涩，轴承润滑油位正常，冷却水、密封水适量投送。
4.3.1.3 Confirm the motor’s insulation of every auxiliary is good. Check to ensure the
following items: the rotating equipment and system should be good; the
instruments should be complete; the turning gear of the mechanical part should
have no blockage; the lubricating oil level of the bearing should be normal; the
cooling water and sealing water should be sent in proper quantities.
4.3.1.4 各系统的风门、阀门、挡板与系统连接良好，开关灵活，位置正确。执行机构传动
装置完整牢固，动作正常，方向、位置指示与实际相符。设备名称、标志、流程方
向正确齐全。标志漆色符合有关规定。
4.3.1.4 The air dampers, valves, dampers of every system should be connected well with
the system. The opening and closing are flexible and have the correct positions.
The transmission devices of the actuator should be complete and firm, have
normal action, direction, and their position indications should confirm the real
conditions. The description, sign and flow direction of the equipment should be
correct and complete. The color of the signal paint should meet the related
requirements.
4.3.1.5 工作现场照明充足，事故照明可靠，通讯设备完好。
4.3.1.5 The onsite lightening should be enough. The emergency lightening should be
reliable. The communicating equipment should be in good condition.
4.3.1.6 现场消防设备完整齐全，消防水系统完好，主要辅机、电气设备、燃油系统及制粉
系统等易发生火灾的地方，备有足够的消防器材。
4.3.1.6 The onsite firefighting equipment should be complete. The firefighting water
system should be good. The main auxiliaries, electrical equipment, fuel oil system
and pulverized coal system where the fire is easily to happen should have enough
90
firefighting equipment.
4.3.1.7 所有取样点、表计测点一次门及就地表计完好并处于投运状态。
4.3.1.7 All of the sampling points, the primary valves of the metering measuring points
and the local meters should be in good condition and are ready for activation.
4.3.1.8 控制室所有仪表、开关、按钮、指示灯、记录纸均齐全正确，热工信号、事故音响、
声光报警良好。
4.3.1.8 All of the instruments, switches, buttons, indicating lamps and recording paper in
the control room should be complete and correct. The thermal engineering signals,
emergency sound and the aural and visual alarm should be in good condition.
4.3.1.9 DCS、BMS 完好，各自动保护装置具备投入条件。
4.3.1.9 DCS and BMS should be in good condition. Every automatic protection device
should be ready for activation.
4.3.1.10 转动机械按“辅机运行手册”的要求检查合格。
4.3.1.10 Test the rotating machinery to meet requirements of the Auxiliary Operational
Manual.
4.3.1.11 值长联系化学及时制水，作好启动前的准备。
4.3.1.11 The shift leader informs the chemical department to carry out the water treatment
punctually to prepare for the startup.
4.3.1.12 值长联系燃运及时配上合适煤种。
4.3.1.12 The shift leader informs the fuel operation to give the proper coal in time.
4.3.1.13 检查启动压缩空气系统，保持供气母管压力不低于 0.7MPa。
4.3.1.13 Check and start up the compressed air system. Maintain the pressure in the main
air supply pipe not less than 0.7MPa.
4.3.1.14 检查吹灰系统各吹灰器无损坏变形、传动灵活、方向正确、位置指示正确且全部在
退出位。
4.3.1.14 Check every sootblower in sootblowing system is not deformed and driving
flexibly, the direction is correct, the position indication is correct and all of them
are in retraction position.
4.3.1.15 联系热工检查各保护及联锁装置完好，符合启动要求。
4.3.1.15 Contact I&C to check whether each protection and interlock is good and meets
the requirements of startup.
4.3.1.16 检查锅炉各系统阀门位置符合启动要求。
4.3.1.16 Check whether the valves in every system of boiler meets the requirements of
boiler.
4.3.1.17 通知各辅助岗位对炉底水封、除渣设备、除灰系统、电除尘、压缩空气、燃油系统
及脱硫系统所属设备进行全面检查并符合启动条件。
4.3.1.17 Inform all assistant operators to carry out overall inspections for the boiler bottom
water seal, slag handling equipment, ash handling system, ESP, compressed air,
fuel oil system and desulfurization system and make them meet the requirements
of startup.
91
4.3.2 检查锅炉本体燃烧室及风烟道
4.3.2 Check the combustion chamber, air and flue gas ducts of the boiler proper
4.3.2.1 炉膛、过热器、再热器、省煤器、空气预热器、烟道、风道内无工具、焦渣、积灰
及杂物，各受热面清洁。
4.3.2.1 There is no tool, coke, slag, accumulated ash and foreign matters in the furnace,
superheater, reheater, economizer, air preheater, flue gas duct and air duct. Every
heating surface is clean.
4.3.2.2 各人孔、看火孔、检查孔开关灵活、严密，检查后严密关闭。
4.3.2.2 The opening and closing of every man hole, sight hole and inspection hole are
flexible and tight. Close the holes tightly after the inspection.
4.3.2.3 燃烧器外形无烧损、堵塞、变形，位置正确。摆动装置动作灵活动作方向、角度与
指示相等。
4.3.2.3 The appearance of the burner has no burning loss, blockage, deformation and the
position is correct. The swing device can work flexibly. The action direction, angle
are the same with the indication.
4.3.2.4 油枪及高能点火装置良好、完整，进退灵活到位，并处于退出位。
4.3.2.4 The oil gun and high energy igniting device are good and complete. The forward
and backward are flexible and correct, and they are at the backward position.
4.3.2.5 各、风烟挡板开关灵活，传动装置完好，开度与指示相符。
4.3.2.5 The opening and closing of every flue gas damper are flexible. The transmission
device is in good condition. The opening is the same with the indication.
4.3.3 检查汽水系统
4.3.3 Steam and Water System Inspections
4.3.3.1 各管道阀门连接完整，为检修设置的与系统隔离用堵板拆除，保温完整。
4.3.3.1 Connection of every pipe valve is complete. The baffles used for the isolation from
the system for the maintenance are disassembled. The insulation is complete.
4.3.3.2 各支吊架完好，各膨胀指示器齐全，刻度清晰，无影响膨胀的杂物，并记录零位值。
4.3.3.2 Every support is good and complete. Every expansion indicator is complete. The
scale is clear. There is no foreign matter which influences the expansion. Record
the value at the zero position.
4.3.3.3 安全阀、排放阀连接良好，无影响动作的杂物，排汽管畅通，消音器连接完整。
4.3.3.3 The connection of the safety valves and discharging valves are good. There is no
foreign matter which influences the action. The exhaust pipe is smooth. The
connection of the silencer is complete.
4.3.3.4 水位计保温良好，电源正常。照明充足。指示清晰，防护罩完好，各阀门开关灵活。
4.3.3.4 The insulation of the water level gauge is good. The power supply is normal. The
lightening is enough. The scale is clear. The protective cover is complete and
good. The opening and closing of every valve are flexible.
4.4 锅炉上水
92
4.4 Boiler Water Filling
锅炉上水
上水要求上水方式上水操作锅炉上水注意事项
Boiler Water
Charging
Requirements Modes Operations Precautions
4.4.1 上水要求
4.4.1 Requirements for Water Filling
4.4.1.1 水质
4.4.1.1 Water Quality
进水应是经化学分析化验合格的除盐水、除氧水或凝结水。
The inlet water should be the demineralized water, deaerated water or
condensate after it meets the requirements of the chemical analysis and assay.
4.4.1.2 上水温度及上水速度
4.4.1.2 Temperature and Speed of Water Filling
1) 上水温度：20～70℃；水温与锅筒壁温差≤28℃。
1) The temperature of the Water Filling: 20～70 ℃ ;the differential temperature
between the water and the wall of the steam drum is ≤28℃.
2) 锅筒上下壁温差<40℃。
2) The temperature differential between the upper wall and lower wall of the
steam drum is <40℃.
3) 上水时间：≮2小时。
3) The Water Filling time: ≮2h.
4) 上水速度：48～96t/h。
4) Water filling speed: 48-96t/h.
4.4.1.3 上水高度
4.4.1.3 The height of the Water Filling
如不进行水压试验，水位可上至-50mm；如进行炉底加热可上水至-100mm。之后
停止上水，并严密监视水位变化，如水位下降，应查明原因，予以清除后再予补水。
93
上水期间应严密监视锅炉受热面的膨胀情况，如有异常应及时查明原因并予以清除。
If there is no Hydrostatic test. The water can be charged to -50mm. If there is the
bottom heating, the water can be charged to -100mm. Then stop feeding water
and closely monitor water level changes. If the water level is falling, find out
causes and feed after cleaning.
During water feeding, closely monitor expansion condition of boiler heating
surface. If there has problems, find out and solve it.
4.4.2 上水方式
4.4.2 Water Filling Modes
4.4.2.1 电动给水泵经主给水管道上水。
（正常运行方式时上水）
4.4.2.1 Use the motor driven feedwater pump to charge water through the main
feedwater pipe. (Water filling during the normal operational mode)
4.4.2.2 锅炉上水泵经主给水管道上水。
（冷态启动前上水）
4.4.2.2 Fill water by boiler water filling pump through main feedwater pipe (Fill water
before the cold state startup).
4.4.2.3 汽（电）动给水泵经减温器管道上水。
（再热器水压试验上水）
4.4.2.3 Use the steam (motor) driven feedwater pump to charge water through the
desuperheater pipe. (Water charging of reheater hydrostatic test)
4.4.3 上水操作
4.4.3 Water Filling Operation
4.4.3.1 上水系统全面检查并将各门置于所需位置，微开主管路空气门，全开省煤器、汽包
所有空气门。关闭各集箱放水及排污门
4.4.3.1 Fully inspect the Water filling system and put every valve at the required position.
Slightly open the air valve of the main pipe. Fully open all of the air valves of the
economizer and steam drum. Close all drain valves and blowdown valves of
headers.
4.4.3.2 启动锅炉上水泵，开启锅炉旁路上水门。
4.4.3.2 Start up the boiler water filling pump, and then open bypass water filling valve of
the boiler.
4.4.3.3 开启给水调节阀，并控制上水速度。
4.4.3.3 Open the feed water controlling valve and control the water filling velocity.
4.4.3.4 主给水管道排空气门冒水后关闭。
4.4.3.4 Close it when there is water popping out from the air discharging valve of the main
feedwater pipe.
4.4.3.5 按照给水流程逐步关闭连续冒水的各空气门。
4.4.3.5 Close all air valves which leak water continuously step by step in order of
feedwater flow.
4.4.3.6 在上水过程中，应关闭省煤器再循环门，上水至正常水位后开启省煤器再循环。
4.4.3.6 During water feeding, keep the recirculating valve of the economizer closed until
water level reaches the normal water level before re-opening the valve.
94
4.4.3.7 汽包水位上至-50mm 或-100mm 时，停止上水，关闭上水门。
4.4.3.7 When the water level in the steam drum rises to -50mm or -100mm, stop water
charging and close the water charging valve.
4.4.3.8 恢复系统，汇报值长。
4.4.3.8 Recover the system. Inform the shift leader.
4.4.4 上水注意事项
4.4.4 Precautions for Boiler Water Filling
4.4.4.1 品质不合格的给水严禁进入锅炉。
4.4.4.1 The water of which the quality cannot meet the requirements cannot enter the
boiler.
4.4.4.2 锅炉上水应在环境温度>5℃时进行，否则应有防冻措施。
4.4.4.2 The water charging only can be carried out when the ambient temperature is more
than 5℃, unless there are freeze proof measures.
4.4.4.3 上水前后，应设专人记录各膨胀指示器指示值，并分析其膨胀工况是否正常。
4.4.4.3 Before and after the Water Filling, there should be an operator who records the
indicating value of every expansion indicator, and analyze whether the expansion
working condition is normal.
4.4.4.4 上水时设有专人监视给水管道、省煤器空气门及就地水位计，当空气门连续冒水时
关闭，防止跑水现象发生。
4.4.4.4 During the Water Filling, there should be an operator who supervises the
feedwater pipe, air valves of the economizer and local water level meter. Close it
when there is water continuously popping out from the air valve to prevent the
water running out.
4.4.4.5 上水过程中应检查系统管道、阀门等处是否有漏泄现象，有则停止上水，观察水位
变化情况以判断系统的严密性。若发现水位下降或漏泄，应停止上水，并查找原因
联系消除。
4.4.4.5 During the Water Filling, check whether there is leakage of the system pipes and
valves. If there is leakage, stop Water Filling. Observe the changing conditions of
the water level to judge the tightness of the system. If find the water level drops or
there is leakage, stop the Water Filling. Find the Causes and inform the personnel
to eliminate.
4.4.4.6 上水至就地水位计有指示时，应及时核对就地水位计，差压式水位计和电接点水位
计，发现问题应联系检修消除。
4.4.4.6 When the local water level meter has the indication of the Water Filling, punctually
check the local water level meter, differential pressure type water level meter and
electric contact water level meter. If find problems, inform the maintenance
personnel to eliminate them.
4.5 锅炉邻炉加热
4.5 Neighbor Boiler Heating
点火前适时投入锅炉各部邻炉加热装置，气源压力为 1.27-1.57MPa，蒸汽温度
95
320-350℃，流量为 15-25T，待锅炉平均壁温达到 100-120℃时，可停止加热，为
节约启动期间的燃油耗量，可适当延长蒸汽加热时间，蒸汽加热期间，应控制锅筒
壁温的升温速率不大于 1℃。
Start up neighbour boiler heating equipment of all boiler parts before ignition. Air
pressure is 1.27-1.57MPa, steam temperature is 320-350℃, and flow is 15-25T.
Stop heating as average wall temperature of boiler reaches to 100-120℃. In order
to decrease oil consumption during startup, appropriate extension of steam
heating time will be effective. During steam heating process, the heating velocity
of drum wall temperature should be controlled under 1℃.
4.5.1 投入操作
4.5.1 Activation Operation
4.5.1.1 投入锅炉炉底水封系统。
4.5.1.1 Activate the bottom water sealing system of the boiler.
4.5.1.2 检查汽包水位在-100mm 处，开启省煤器再循环门，观察汽包水位变化，汇报值长。
4.5.1.2 Check the water level of the steam drum is at -100mm, open the recirculation
valve of the economizer, observe the water level changing and inform the shift
leader.
4.5.1.3 检查开启炉顶上部各空气门。
4.5.1.3 Check to open every air valve on the upper part of the boiler roof.
4.5.1.4 检查投入本机组辅汽系统，检查辅汽压力正常。
4.5.1.4 Check to activate the auxiliary steam system of this unit. Check to ensure the
pressure of the auxiliary steam is normal.
4.5.1.5 稍开蒸汽加热总门及前后炉底加热分配联箱进汽一、二次门，开启联箱疏水门进行
暖管。
4.5.1.5 Slightly open the general valve of steam heating and the steam inlet primary
valves and secondary valves of front and rear bottom heating distributing headers.
Open the drain valve of header to warm up the pipe.
4.5.1.6 暖管结束后，关闭炉底加热分配联箱疏水门，缓慢开蒸汽加热总门。
4.5.1.6 After the pipe warming is finished, close the drainage valve of the boiler bottom
heating distributing header. Slowly open the general valve of the steam heating.
4.5.1.7 缓慢开启各下部联箱蒸汽加热截止门，直至全开。维持各支门开度基本一样，保证
受热面不振动。
4.5.1.7 Slowly open the steam heating stop valve of each lower header to fully opened
position. Keep same opening to guarantee the heating surface will not be
vibrated.
4.5.1.8 当汽压升至 0.15MPa～0.2MPa 时，关闭上部各空气门。开启过热器各疏水门及主
汽门前疏水门，进行暖管。
4.5.1.8 When the steam pressure rises to 0.15 MPa-0.2 MPa, close every air valve of the
upper part. Open every drainage valve of the superheater and the drainage valve
in front of the main stop valve to warm up the pipe.
4.5.1.9 当汽压升至 0.3～0.5MPa 时：
96
4.5.1.9 When the steam pressure rises to 0.3-0.5MPa:
1) 冲洗双色水位计
1) Flush the bi-color water level meter.
2) 通知热工冲洗压力表管
2) Inform the I&C to flush the pressure meter and pipe
3) 通知化学化验炉水及饱和蒸汽品质。
3) Inform the chemical personnel to test the boiler water and the quality of
saturated steam.
4) 通知炉检热紧螺丝。
4) Contact boiler maintenance personnel to hot tighten the bolts.
4.5.1.10 加热期间维持汽包壁温度不低于 110℃，或汽包压力不低于 0.3MPa.
4.5.1.10 During the heating, maintain the wall temperature of the steam drum not lower
than 110℃; or maintain the pressure of the steam drum not lower than 0.3MPa.
4.5.2 炉底蒸汽加热装置的解列
4.5.2 Isolation of Boiler Bottom Steam Heating Device
4.5.2.1 关闭各下部联箱蒸汽加热截止门。
4.5.2.1 Close the stop valves of every lower header steam heating.
4.5.2.2 关闭前后分配联箱进汽一、二次门，关闭辅汽至炉底加热蒸汽总门。
4.5.2.2 Close the steam inlet primary and secondary valves of the front and rear
distributing headers. Close the general steam valves from the auxiliary steam to
the boiler bottom heating.
4.5.2.3 开启前后分配联箱疏水门及进汽电动门前疏水门，疏水完毕后关闭。
4.5.2.3 Open the drainage valve at the front and rear distributing headers and the
drainage valve in front of the steam inlet motor driven valve. Close them after the
drainage is finished.
4.5.2.4 汇报值长，加热结束。
4.5.2.4 Report to the shift leader. Finish the heating.
4.5.3 炉底蒸汽加热注意事项
4.5.3 Precautions for Boiler Bottom Steam Heating
4.5.3.1 炉底加热投入时应缓慢进行并加强检查调整以免管道、下联箱及水冷壁振动大而损
坏设备。
4.5.3.1 When activate the bottom heating, slowly carry out and reinforce the inspection
and adjustment to avoid the strong vibration of the pipe, lower header and water
wall to destroy the equipment.
4.5.3.2 升温过程中，控制炉水饱和温度升温率≤28℃/h，控制汽包上、下壁温差＜40℃。
待汽包平均温度达 100~120℃时停止加热。
4.5.3.2 During the temperature rising, control the rate of the temperature rising of the
boiler water saturation temperature ≤28℃/h. Control the differential temperature
97
between the upper wall and lower wall of the steam drum ＜ 40 ℃ . Stop the
heating when the average temperature of the steam drum reaches to 100~120℃.
4.5.3.3 加热过程中锅炉严禁通风。
4.5.3.3 The ventilation of the boiler is strictly forbidden during the heating.
4.5.3.4 加热前后应记录各部膨胀指示，加热过程中应注意各部膨胀的变化，如膨胀异常，
应降低升温升压速度或停止加热，待查明原因并予以消除后再继续进行炉底加热。
4.5.3.4 Before and after the heating, record the expansion indications of every part. Pay
attention to the changes of every part’s expansion during the heating. If there is
abnormal expansion, decrease the speed of the temperature and pressure rising
or stop heating. After find the Causes and eliminate them, continue the bottom
heating.
4.5.3.5 加热过程，汽包水位会不断上升，应维持水位在-100～100mm 之间，达到 100mm
时，应通过定排放水降低汽包水位。
4.5.3.5 During the heating, the water level in the steam drum will rise continuously. The
water level should be maintained at -100-100mm. When the water level reaches
to 100mm, drop the water level by intermittent blowdown drainage.
4.5.3.6 炉底加热时使用辅汽做汽源，当辅汽发生事故时，应立即停止加热。
4.5.3.6 Use the auxiliary steam as the steam source for the bottom heating. When the
auxiliary steam fails, immediately stop the heating.
4.5.3.7 停止加热前，应将水位调整至零位或+50mm,汇报主值做好记录。
4.5.3.7 Before stop the heating, adjust the water level to zero position or +50mm. Report
to the main operator and record the value of the water level.
4.5.3.8 停运加热后要检查严密关闭炉底加热各门及辅汽供汽总门，防止运行中炉水进入辅
汽联箱。
4.5.3.8 After stop heating, check to tightly close every valve of the bottom heating and the
general valve of the HP auxiliary steam for steam supply to prevent the boiler
water entering the auxiliary steam header during the operation.
4.6 锅炉启动中的注意事项
4.6 Precautions During Boiler Startup
1) 锅炉启动中必须严格按照机组启动升温升压曲线进行（升温升压曲线见附录）。
1) The boiler startup should be carried out strictly according to the Temperature
and Pressure Rising Curve of the unit startup(See the Temperature and
Pressure Rising Curve in the Appendix).
2) 锅炉点火后应尽量保持连续均匀上水。在间断上水时，应先关省煤器再循环门，
再开启上水门，上水门关闭后打开省煤器再循环门。严禁不关省煤器再循环门
给锅炉上水。
2) After the boiler ignition, maintain the Water Filling continuous and even as
much as possible. When interpret the Water Filling, firstly close the
recirculating valve of the economizer, then open the Water Filling valve. After
close the Water Filling valve, open the recirculating valve of the economizer.
It is forbidden to charge water for the boiler when the recirculating valve of the
98
economizer is open.
3) 油枪的投入应根据机组的负荷要求，一般由下向上逐步投入，投入煤粉燃烧器
后，要注意油粉混烧情况下风量的配比，严禁缺风运行。严密监视烟道温度。
在加强燃烧时，先加风后加燃料；减弱燃烧时，先减燃料后减风，以防烟道二
次再燃烧。
3) The activation of the oil gun should be according to the load requirements of
the unit. Generally activate the oil guns from bottom to top. After activate the
pulverized coal burner, pay attention to the mixture ratio of the air under the
condition of oil burning with pulverized coal. It is forbidden to operate lacking
of air. Closely supervise the temperature in the flue gas duct. When reinforce
the burning, increase the air, and then increase the fuel. When weaken the
burning, decrease the fuel and then decrease the air to prevent the
secondary combustion in the flue gas duct.
4) 从点火到汽机冲转应严格控制炉膛出口烟气温度≯540℃。加强对过热器、再
热器壁温的监视与控制，严防超温。否则应做适当调整。烟温探针约7min往复
一次。
4) Strictly control the outlet flue gas temperature of the furnace ≯540℃ from
the ignition to the turbine rolling. Reinforce the supervision and control the
wall temperature of the superheater and reheater to prevent over
temperature. Otherwise, do some proper adjustments. The probe of the flue
gas temperature reciprocates once about 7min.
5) 应及时投入旁路系统，以保护再热器和调节汽温汽压。
5) Activate the bypass system in time to protect the reheater and to adjust the
steam temperature and pressure.
6) 在升压的过程中，应保持锅筒上下壁温度差＜40℃，锅筒内外壁温差＜22℃，
否则应减慢升温升压速度或停止升温升压。
6) During the pressure rising, maintain the differential temperature between the
upper wall and lower wall of the steam drum ＜40℃. Maintain the differential
temperature between the inside wall and outside wall of the steam drum ＜
22℃. Otherwise, decrease the speed of the temperature and pressure rising
or stop the temperature and pressure rising.
7) 升温升压过程中，应认真记录各膨胀指示器的指示值，若有异常应立即停止升
压，查找原因，如是受热不均引起，则应通过燃烧调整、切换油枪或下联箱放
水等措施设法消除。如是构件卡涩，则应及时联系检修处理，消除后方可继续
升压。如运行中不能消除，则应降压降温停炉消缺。
7) During the temperature and pressure rising, carefully record the indicating
value of every expansion indicator. If there is abnormal condition,
immediately stop raising the pressure. Find the Causes. If this is caused by
the uneven heating, eliminate by adjusting the burning, switching over the oil
gun or discharging the water in the lower header. If it is caused by the
blockage of the elements, punctually inform the maintenance personnel to
treat. Continue raising the pressure after the blockage is eliminated. If it
cannot be eliminated, drop the pressure and temperature, and eliminate the
fault.
8) 在点火初期，汽温调节除了依靠燃烧调整，还可以通过过、再热器疏水和高、
99
低旁路系统来调节。
8) During the initial ignition, besides the burning adjustment, the temperature
adjustment can also be done by adjusting the drainage of the superheater
and reheater and the system of the HP bypass and LP bypass.
9) 油枪点燃后要经常监视油枪雾化情况，及时调节二次风量，保证油枪燃烧良好、
稳定。
9) Often supervise the atomization conditions of the oil gun after the oil gun is
ignited. Adjust the secondary air amount in time. Ensure the combustion of
the oil gun is good and stable.
10) 每支油枪解列后必须进行吹扫，吹扫完成后要确证退出到位，防止油枪烧损和
漏油爆燃。
10) After every oil gun is deactivated, it should be purged. After the purging,
confirm the withdrawal of the oil gun is at the correct position to prevent the
burning loss, oil leakage, explosion and burning of the oil gun.
11) 启动过程中未全断油前空预器应尽量保持连续吹灰。
11) The air preheater should maintain the continuous soot blowing before the oil
is not fully cut off during the startup.
4.7 炉膛吹扫
4.7 Furnace Purging
机组启动前或 MFT 动作后操作员必须进行锅炉吹扫，否则不允许再次点火。这是
锅炉防爆规程中基本的防爆保护措施。在锅炉对流烟井、烟道和将烟气送至烟囱的
引风机等处均有可能积聚过量的可燃物，当这种可燃物与适当比例空气混合，遇到
点火源时，即可能引燃而导致炉膛爆炸。炉膛吹扫的目的是将炉膛内的残留可燃物
质清除掉，以防止锅炉点火时发生爆燃。
在吹扫过程中如某个吹扫允许条件不满足时，则会导致吹扫中断，操作员就需检查
导致吹扫中断的原因，排除故障后重新启动吹扫程序。
The operator must purge the boiler before unit startup or after MFT activation,
otherwise it is forbidden to ignite again. This is the basic explosion protection
measures in boiler explosion regulations. When there are certain combustibles
accumulated at the boiler convection flue gas duct and ID fans which are used to
discharge flue gas, combustibles will mix with air in appropriate proportion and
contact ignition source, so that the furnace will explode. The purpose of furnace
purging is to clean combustibles which may remain in furnace to prevent boiler
explosion as ignition.
If any purging condition cannot meet the requirements in the purging process, the
purging will be interrupted. Then the operator should check the causes and restart
up the purging process after eliminating the fault.
4.7.1 炉膛吹扫允许条件
4.7.1 The Allowable Conditions for the Furnace Purging
在整个吹扫过程中 FSSS 逻辑要监视一次吹扫及二次吹扫的允许条件。一次吹扫允
许条件是 FSSS 进入吹扫模式所必需具备的条件；二次吹扫允许条件是启动吹扫计
100
时器所必需具备的条件。在吹扫过程中如果某个二次吹扫条件突然不满足了，吹扫
计时器就会复位，但并不中断吹扫；但如果某个一次吹扫条件不满足了就会导致吹
扫中断、吹扫计时器复位。如果吹扫中断，操作员就需要重新启动吹扫程序。
During the whole purging process, FSSS logic must monitor the allowable
conditions of the primary purge and the secondary purge. The allowable
conditions of the primary purge is the necessary condition for FSSS turning to
purge mode. While the allowable conditions of the secondary purge is the
necessary condition to start up purge timer. If some secondary purge conditions
not meet requirement suddenly in purging process, the purge timer will be reset
and the purge continued. While some primary purge conditions not meet
requirement, the purge timer will be reset and the purge stopped. Operator should
restart purge mode when the purge stops.
一次吹扫条件：
任一引风机运行
任一送风机运行
所有磨煤机停运
所有给煤机停运
进油快关阀全关
全部火检无火
无 MFT 跳闸条件存在
所有油角阀全关任一空预器运行
一次风机全停
所有磨煤机出口关断阀关闭
所有磨煤机冷、热风关断门关闭
两台电除尘均跳闸
二次风挡板均在吹扫位（开度大于 80%）
火检冷却风机运行
汽包水位
二次吹扫条件
油泄漏试验成功信号
炉膛总风量≥30%
炉膛压力正常
汽包水位正常
当一次吹扫条件全部满足后，在 CRT 上指示“吹扫准备就绪”信号，这时操作员就可
以启动吹扫。
The primary purge conditions:
One ID fan is running
101
One FD fan is running
All coal pulverizers are stopped
All coal feeders are stopped
All inlet quick closing valves are closed
No flame to all flame detecters
No MFT trip condition
All oil angle valves are closed
One air preheater is running
All primary air fans are closed
All outlet shut-off valves of coal pulverizer are closed
All cold air and warm air shut-off valves of coal purverizer are closed
Two ESP are tripped
Secondary air dampers are on purging position (opening is more than 80%)
Flame detection cooling fans are running
Water level in steam drum
The conditions of the secondary purge
Successful signal of oil leakage test
The total air flow is larger than 30%
Proper pressure in furnace
Proper water level in steam drum
When the primary purge condition meets requirements, “PURGE is prepared”
signal will be displayed on CRT, at this time, the operator can start up purging.
4.7.2 炉膛吹扫方法
4.7.2 Purging Methods
主燃料跳闸（MFT）后，自动产生“请求炉膛吹扫”信号。运行人员在 CRT 上发出“启
动炉膛吹扫”指令，炉膛吹扫开始，CRT 上指示“炉膛吹扫进行中”，吹扫计时器开始
倒计时，时间为 300S。
After MFT , “Request for furnace purge” signal will be sent automatically. Then
operator sends “Furnace purge start” command on CRT to start up purge mode.
When the CRT indicates “Furnace purge is proceeding”, purge timer will make
countdown of 300s.
为了使炉膛吹扫彻底、干净，吹扫过程必须在 30％以上额定风量下持续 5 分钟。
For the purpose of purging thoroughly, the purging process must continue 5min
under the condition of more than 30% rated air flow.
在吹扫过程中，FSSS 逻辑连续监视吹扫允许条件，如果一次吹扫允许条件不满足，
就会导致吹扫中断，同时吹扫计时器复位；如果二次吹扫条件不满足，吹扫计时器
复位，但不中断吹扫。如果吹扫中断，操作员就要重新启动吹扫程序。
当所有吹扫条件全部满足并且持续 5 分钟，吹扫完成，在 CRT 上指示“炉膛吹扫成
102
功”信号，吹扫结束。
MFT 发生时，通过一个 MFT 脉冲信号清除“炉膛吹扫成功”信号。
During furnace purging, FSSS logic continuously supervises the purging
permissive conditions. If the primary purging permissive conditions can not be met,
purging will be accidentally stopped, meanwhile, the purging timer will be reset. If
the second purging conditions can't be met, the purging timer resets, the purging
will not be stopped. If the purging is stopped, the operator needs to restart purging
procedure.
When all purging conditions are met, and lasts for 5min, purging will be finished,
signal on the CRT indicates "Successful furnace purging", and the purging is over.
When MFT happens, one MFT impulse signal will delete "Successful furnace
purging" signal.
4.8 锅炉点火
4.8 Boiler Ignition
4.8.1 点火前的准备
4.8.1 Preparations Before Ignition
4.8.1.1 通知化学化验炉水水质，若水质合格，则调整并维持汽包水位在-50～+50mm；若
水质不合格,应进行换水,水质合格后方可启动。
4.8.1.1 Inform the chemical department to assay the quality of the boiler water. If the
water quality meets the requirements, adjust and maintain the water level in the
steam drum at -50～+50 mm. If the water quality cannot meet the requirements,
change the water. Start up when the water quality meets the requirements.
4.8.1.2 检查炉底水封系统投入。
4.8.1.2 Check to activate the boiler bottom water sealing system.
4.8.1.3 锅炉点火前 1 小时，停止炉底加热。
4.8.1.3 Stop bottom heating one hour before the boiler ignition.
4.8.1.4 检查炉前油系统符合启动要求，联系油库值班员启动油泵供油，炉前油打循环，油
的粘度≤19.85×10-6m2/s。
4.8.1.4 Check to ensure the boiler front oil system meets the requirements of the startup.
Inform the operator of the oil storage start up the oil pump to supply oil. Put the
front oil in circulation mode. The viscosity of the oil is less than 19.85×10-6m2/s.
4.8.1.5 炉前油压缩空气吹扫系统投入。
4.8.1.5 Activate boiler front oil compressed air purge system.
4.8.1.6 空预器系统暖管备用。
4.8.1.6 Warm up the pipe of the air preheater for standby.
4.8.1.8 当值长下达机组启动命令时即可进行锅炉启动操作。
4.8.1.8 Carry out the following boiler startup operations when the shift leader gives order
to start up the unit
4.8.1.9 确认下列保护及联锁投入。
103
4.8.1.9 Confirm the following protections and interlocks are activated.
1) 锅炉水位联锁及保护。
1) Interlock and protection of boiler water level.
2) FSSS的所有保护。
2) All of the protections of FSSS.
3) 锅炉辅机联锁及保护。
3) Interlock and protections of boiler auxiliaries.
4.8.1.10 投入炉膛火焰监视系统。
4.8.1.10 Activate the furnace flame detecting system.
4.8.1.11 启动给水泵（打循环）
。
4.8.1.11 Start up the feedwater pump. (Put in the circulation mode.)
4.8.1.12 启动 A、B 空气预热器。
4.8.1.12 Start up the air preheater A and B.
4.8.1.13 启动一台火检冷却风机，投入备用火检冷却风机联锁。
4.8.1.13 Start up one cooling air fan of flame detector. Activate the interlock of the standby
cooling air fan of the flame detector.
4.8.1.14 启动 A、B 引风机、送风机运行，风量保持在 30％～40％B—MCR，炉膛负压-50～
-100Pa，投入炉膛压力控制自动。
4.8.1.14 Start up the I.D fan A and B, and the F.D fan. Maintain the air amount is 30％-40％
B—MCR, the vacuum pressure of the furnace is -50 ～ -100Pa. Activate the
automatic control of the furnace pressure.
4.8.1.15 自动（手动）调节二次风门挡板开度，保持风箱与炉膛的压差△P≥0.5KPa，周界风
开度 5%。
4.8.1.15 Adjust the opening of the secondary air damper automatically (manually).
Maintain the differential pressure △P between the air box and the furnace is
larger than 0.5 KPa. The opening of the surrounding air is 5%.
4.8.1.16 投入炉膛出口烟温探针。
4.8.1.16 Activate the probe of the furnace outlet flue gas.
4.8.1.17 进行油泄漏试验。
4.8.1.17 Carry out the oil leakage tests.
4.8.2 点火前必需满足条件
4.8.2 The Necessary Requirements before Ignition
4.8.2.1 锅炉大连锁试验合格。
4.8.2.1 The tests of the boiler interlock meet the requirements.
4.8.2.2 BMS 及 SCS 试验合格。
4.8.2.2 Ensure tests of BMS and SCS meet the requirements.
4.8.2.3 水压试验合格。
104
4.8.2.3 The Hydrostatic tests meet the requirements.
4.8.2.4 辅机满足锅炉启动和正常运行的要求。
4.8.2.4 The auxiliaries meet the requirements of the boiler startup and normal operation.
4.8.3 点火前汽机应完成工作
4.8.3 The following tasks should be completed on turbine side before ignition
4.8.3.1 轴封供汽系统暖管疏水。
4.8.3.1 Drain water for gland seal steam supplying system warming pipe.
4.8.3.2 汽机本体及管道疏水门在开启状态。
4.8.3.2 The drainage valve of steam turbine body and pipeline should be in open state.
4.8.3.3 投入抽真空系统。
4.8.3.3 Put the Vacuum System into Operation.
4.8.4 炉膛点火允许条件
4.8.4 The allowable ignition conditions of furnace
以下条件满足，产生“点火允许”信号：
MFT 复位
炉膛吹扫成功
30%＜炉膛总风量＜50%或任一油层投运或任一煤层投运
火检冷却风压力合适
汽包水位正常
炉膛压力正常
“Ignition permit” signal is sent out when the following conditions are all satisfied:
Reset MFT
Furnace purging is completed
The total air flow of furnace must between 30% to 50%. Activate one oil layer or
one coal layer.
Appropriate flame detection cooling air pressure
Appropriate water level in steam drum
Appropriate pressure in furnace
4.8.4.1 主燃料跳闸（MFT）复归
4.8.4.1 Reset MFT
以下条件全部满足，复位 MFT 继电器：
炉膛吹扫完成
MFT 继电器已跳闸
无 MFT 跳闸条件存在
Reset MFT relay when the following conditions are all satisfied:
105
Furnace purging is complete
MFT relay has been tripped.
No MFT trip condition
4.8.4.1 MFT resets;
4.8.4.2 所有油枪前快速启闭阀从主燃料跳闸（MFT）复归开始始终关闭，燃油母管上快速
启闭阀打开；
4.8.4.2 Keep all quick opening and closing valves in front of oil guns closed as MFT
resets, open the quick opening and closing valve in fuel oil main pipe;
4.8.4.3 炉前进油母管中燃油压力值在允许范围内(2.8～3.5MPag，设计值为 3.2MPag)；
4.8.4.3 Fuel oil pressure value in incoming oil main pipe in front of furnace is in the
allowable range (2.8～3.5MPag，design value is 3.2MPag);
4.8.4.4 从主燃料跳闸（MFT）复归开始，炉膛风量始终不小于 30%B—MCR 风量，并且目
前炉膛风量在 30%～40%B—MCR 风量范围内；
4.8.4.4 From the point at which MFT is reset, the air amount in the furnace should always
be 30% BMCR, and the current air amount in the furnace is within the range of
30% - 40% BMCR.
4.8.4.5 高能点火器电源正常，火焰检测器冷却风压正常；
4.8.4.5 The power of high energy igniter is normal, and flame detector cooling air is
normal.
4.8.4.6 所有油角控制置于“远方”位置。
4.8.4.6 Put all oil angle control at Remote position.
4.8.5 油系统点火允许
4.8.5 The permitted oil system ignition conditions are as follows
以下条件全部满足，产生“油点火允许”信号：
点火允许
进油快关阀全开
燃油母管进油压力正常
煤层点火允许
以下条件全部满足，产生“煤点火允许”信号：
点火允许
一次风机运行且一次风机出口压力合适
任一密封风机已运行 60 秒
“Oil ignition permit” signal is sent when all the following conditions are satisfied:
Ignition is permitted
All inlet quick closing valves are fully closed
Inlet oil pressure of fuel oil main pipe is normal
Coal layer ignition is permitted
106
“Coal ignition permit” signal is sent when all the following conditions are satisfied:
Ignition is permitted
Primary air fan is running and the outlet pressure is appropriate
One sealing air fan has operated 60s.
4.8.6 磨煤机启动允许条件：
4.8.6 Coal pulverizer startup requirements:
A 磨煤机启动允许条件（与）：
Coal puverizer A startup requirements (and):
 润滑油系统OK（1、磨煤机A润滑油压力不低，延时180s;2、磨煤机A润滑油流
量不低；3、磨煤机A润滑油滤网差压不高；4、任一润滑油泵已启；5、磨煤机
A润滑油箱温度正常（30℃到45℃）
）。
 Lubricating oil system is OK (1. Coal pulverizer A lubricating oil pressure is
not low, delay 180s; 2. Coal pulverizer A lubricating oil flow is not low; 3. Coal
pulverizer A lubricating oil strainer differential pressure is not high; 4. Any one
of the lubricating oil pumps starts; 5. Coal pulverizier lubricating oil tank
temperature is normal (30℃ to 45℃)).
 一次风量OK（1、任一一次风机运行；2、磨煤机A进口一次风量大于51.2t/h）
 Primary air flow is OK (1. Any one of the air fans is in operation; 2. Coal
pulverizer A inlet primary air flow ＞51.2t/h);
 门位置OK（1、磨煤机A出口门全开；2、删除；3、磨煤机A冷风关断门开位置；
4、磨煤机A热风关断门开位置；5、磨煤机A灭火蒸汽门关位置）（逐个确认手
动门或电动门）
 Valve’s state is OK (1. Coal pulverizer A outlet valves are all open; 2. Delete;
3. Coal pulverizer A cold air shutoff valve is open; 4. Coal pulverizer A hot air
shutoff valve is open; 5. Coal pulverizer A fire extinguishment steam is closed)
(Check the manual valves or motor-driven valves one by one);
 排渣系统OK（1、磨煤机A排渣门开位置；2、磨煤机A石子煤斗排渣门关位置）
（待确认手动门或电动门）
 Slag handling system is OK (1. Coal pulverizer A slag handling valve is open;
2. Coal pulverizer A pyrite hopper slag handling valve is closed) (Manual
valves or motor-driven valves to be checked)
 任一密封风机运行
 Any one of the seal air fan is in operation
 密封风与一次风差压OK（磨煤机A密封风与磨碗下部差压大于2kPa，延时5s）
 The differential pressure between the seal air and primary air is OK (the
differential pressure between the coal pulverizer A seal air fan and the part
under the coal pulverizer bowl＞2kPa, delay 5s);
 煤层点火允许
 Coal layer ignition meets the requirement;
 出口风粉混合温度正常（三取中，大于65℃小于85℃）
107
 Outlet air and pulverized coal mixture temperature is normal (three out of the
middle, larger than 65℃ and lower than 85℃);
 一次风压正常（任一一次风机已启与上磨煤机A进口风压力低选高于一定值）
 Primary air pressure is normal (any one of the primary air fan is in operation
and the coal pulverizer A inlet low air pressure is higher than certain value);
 煤层点火能量OK（具体在下面单独说明）
 Coal layer ignition energy is OK (the details is stated in the following);
 磨煤机A电机轴承、减速机轴承、分离器轴承温度都低于60℃
 Coal pulverizer A motor bearing, gear box bearing and separator’s bearing
temperature are all lower than 60℃;
 没有磨煤机A跳闸条件
 No condition for coal pulverizer A tripping;
 煤层点火能量OK具体定义如下:
 The details for coal layer ignition energy OK is as follows:
 第一种情况为：
 The first condition is:
 锅炉负荷>50%且有2台以上磨煤机运行
 Boiler load ＞50% and two or more coal pulverizers are in operation
 第二种情况为（与）
：
 The second condition is:
 锅炉负荷＞25%
 Boiler load ＞25%
 相邻的任一层的磨煤机运行且给煤机转速＞35r/min（待确定用哪个信号）
 Any neighboring layer coal pulverizer is in operation and coal feeder rotating
speed ＞35r/min (which signal used to be determined);
 第三种情况为：
 The third condition is:
 相邻的油层投运（对于磨煤机A即，AB油层投运）
 The neighboring oil layer is in operation (for coal pulverizer A, the neighboring
oil layer is AB oil layer).
4.8.7 油燃烧器控制方式
4.8.7 Oil burner control mode
以下以 AB 层 AB1 燃烧器为例
锅炉经过炉膛吹扫，并且所有点火油点火条件全部满足后，锅炉才能点火启动。点
火油燃烧器只能依靠自己所属的高能点火器进行点火，不允许依靠其它煤燃烧器的
火焰进行点火。其控制分为油层控制、单独控制。
108
To take AB1 burner in AB layer as an example:
The boiler ignition can be start after the furnace purge is finished and all the
ignition oil requirements are met. The ignition oil burner can only be ignited by its
own high-energy ignitor and not by other coal layer burners’ flame. The control
can be divided into oil layer control and single control.
4.8.7.1 油层控制
4.8.7.1 Oil layer control
以下任一条件满足，产生 AB 油层启动指令：
Any following condition meeting the requirement can start the AB oil layer start
command:
 油层点火允许
 Oil layer ignition meets the requirement;
 运行人员启动AB油层
 Operation personnel start AB oil layer.
当 AB 油层启动时，FSSS 逻辑将按照 1-3-2-4 的顺序自动投运 AB 油层，每个油枪
之间的间隔时间为 10s。
When AB oil layer starts, FSSS logic will automatically put AB oil layer in operation
according to the 1-3-2-4 sequence. The interval between each oil gun is 10s.
以下任一条件满足，复位 AB 油层启动指令：
Any following condition meeting the requirement can reset AB oil layer start
command:
 MFT
 MFT;
 OFT
 OFT;
 AB油层启动完成信号，脉冲信号
 AB oil layer starts completion signal and pulse signal;
 AB油层停止指令
 AB oil layer stops the command.
以下条件满足，产生 AB 油层停止指令：
Following condition meeting the requirement can stop the command of AB oil
layer:
 运行人员停止AB油层
 Operation personnel stop AB oil layer
当运行人员停运 AB 油层时，FSSS 逻辑将按照 4-2-3-1 的顺序自动停运 AB 油层，
每个油枪之间的间隔时间为 30S。
When operation personnel stop the AB oil layer, FSSS logic will automatically stop
AB oil layer according to the 4-2-3-1 sequence. The interval between each oil gun
109
is 30s.
当 AB 层油中有至少 3 角投运时，认为 AB 层油投运。
At least three corners’ oil guns being in operation can be taken as AB oil layer in
operation.
4.8.7.2 单支点火油燃烧器的控制(以 AB1 点火油燃烧器控制为例)
4.8.7.2 Single oil ignition burner’s control (take AB1 oil ignition burner’s control as an
example)
以下条件全部满足，允许 AB1 点火油燃烧器启动
All the following conditions meeting the requirement can start AB1 oil ignition
burner:
 油层点火允许
 Oil layer ignition meets the requirement;
 AB1层燃油阀关位置
 AB1 layer oil valve is closed;
 无AB1油燃烧器跳闸条件
 No condition for AB1 oil burner tripping;
 无油燃料跳闸条件
 No condition for oil fuel tripping;
 NO.1角AB层点火控制箱电源正常
 NO.1 corner AB layer ignition control box power supply is normal;
 燃烧器首次点火允许
 Burner initial ignition meets the requirement;
 AB1层点火控制箱远控（当没有远控信号时，允许点火控制箱就地）
 AB1 layer ignition control box is at remote control mode (if there is no remote
control signal, local control for the ignition control box is also OK)
 “燃烧器首次点火允许”的概念。
 Definition of “burner initial ignition meets the requirement”:
当第一支点火油枪点火失败，为了确保在炉膛内不积聚燃料（点油枪时进入炉膛的
油），FSSS 逻辑要启动 1 分钟的吹扫。因此任一油枪点火失败，“初始点火允许”条
件就中断 1 分钟，在这 1 分钟内，不允许点任何油枪。1 分钟之后，“初始点火允许”
条件再次满足，运行人员又可以点油枪了。当炉膛内已有油枪投运后，“初始点火允
许”条件一直满足。系统允许两次点火失败，第三次点火失败产生 MFT。
If the ignition of the first oil gun fails, FSSS logic will start 1 min purge to ensure
there is no fuel accumulation in the furnace (the oil left in the furnace when the oil
gun is to be ignited). Therefore, any one of the oil gun ignition fails, the condition
for “initial ignition meets the requirement” will have 1 min break. During that time,
no oil gun can be ignited. One min later, the condition for “initial ignition meets the
requirement” is again being satisfied. Then the operation personnel can ignite the
oil gun again. The condition for “initial ignition meets the requirement” will always
110
be satisfied once there is oil gun in operation in the furnace. The system allows
twice ignition failure. The third ignition failure will cause MFT.
在 AB1 点火油燃烧器允许条件满足的前提下，以下任一条件满足启动 AB1 燃烧器，
并发出“AB1 燃烧器投运过程”信号
Provided that AB1 oil ignition burner meets the requirement to start, any one of
the following condition meeting the requirement will start AB1 burner and send
“AB1 burner operation process” signal
1 操作员手动启动
1 Operator starts manually;
2 层操指令来启动
2 Start by layer operation command.
AB1 油燃烧器点火的步序为：
The sequence of AB1 oil burner ignition is:
1 伸入油枪
1 Oil gun sending inside;
2 开启油枪吹扫阀，时间 5s，关闭吹扫阀
2 Start oil gun purge valve for 5s and then close purge vlavle;
3 进点火枪点火
3 Send igniting gun to ignite;
4 开燃油阀
4 Open oil valve;
5 12s 内检测到火焰，停止点火枪点火并退出，油枪投运成功。
5 Detect the flame in 12s, stop the igniting gun and put it out then oil gun
operation succeeds.
以下条件全部满足，认为 AB1 角油燃烧器有火：
AB1 corner oil burner is considered with flame if all the following conditions are
met:
1 AB1 火焰检测有火
1 AB1 flame detector detects flame;
2 AB1 火检无故障
2 AB1 flame detector is normal without fault;
3 AB1 燃油阀全开
3 AB1 oil valve is fully open.
以下条件全部满足，认为 AB1 角油燃烧器投运：
AB1 corner oil burner is taken as being in operation if all the following conditions
are met:
1 AB1 油燃烧器有火
111
1 AB1 oil burner has flame;
2 AB1 油枪进到位
2 AB1 oil gun is in its position;
3 AB1 吹扫阀关闭
3 AB1 purge valve is closed.
以下条件全部满足，认为 AB1 角油燃烧器运行中故障：
AB1 corner oil burner is taken as being faulty if all the following conditions are
met:
1 AB1 吹扫阀没有关到位或 AB1 油枪没有进到位
1 AB1 purge valve does not close in place or AB1 oil gun does not send in
place;
2 AB1 油燃烧器投运
2 AB1 oil burner is in operation.
注：当油枪进油门开启后 12 s 内未能检测到火焰，则为点火失败，属油燃烧器的一
种故障，即关闭油枪进油门、退点火枪；若无 MFT /OFT，则开吹扫阀，进行吹扫，
吹扫完成后退出油枪。若发生 MFT，则关闭吹扫阀，并停止发火器发火、退出高能
点火器和退出油枪。
Note: when oil gun oil intake valve opens for 12s but the flame detector does not
detect flame, then it is taken as ignition failure. It is a kind of oil burner fault.
Please close oil gun oil intake valve and put the oil gun out of operation; if there is
no MFT/OFT, open the purge valve and start to purge. After purging, put the oil
gun out of operation. If MFT occurs, close purge valve and stop firer, put the
high-energy igniter and oil gun out of operation.
4.8.8 点火
4.8.8 Ignition
4.8.8.1 在 DCS 上发出“打开来油跳闸阀”指令，检查来油跳闸阀、回油跳闸阀开启。
4.8.8.1 Send “open supplying oil trip valve” command in DCS and check whether the
supplying oil trip valve and the returning oil trip valve are open.
4.8.8.2 确认投油条件满足。
4.8.8.2 Make sure the oil supplying requirements are met.
4.8.8.3 选择油角或层启动的方式首选投运 AB 层油枪。
4.8.8.3 choose oil corner or layer startup, the first choice should be putting the AB layer oil
guns in operation.
4.8.8.4 按动点火按钮，依次点燃下层两支对角油燃烧器，油枪点燃后应及时合理调整风量，
调整油喷嘴与稳燃器中心管的相对位置，使燃烧处于最佳状态。
4.8.8.4 Press ignition button to ignite lower layer two opposite corner oil burners. After the
ignition, adjust the air flow promptly and rationally, also the relative position of the
oil nozzle and the steady burner to make the combustion in its best state.
4.8.8.5 投油时注意燃油母管压力和炉膛压力变化，就地检查点火油枪投运正常，燃烧工况
良好，无任何泄漏。炉膛火焰监视器、火检能正常检测到火焰。
112
4.8.8.5 Pay more attention to the fuel oil main pipe pressure and the furnace pressure
changes during supplying oil. Check the oil gun can be put into service normally
at local and the combustion condition is good without any leakage. The furnace
flame monitor and flame detector can detect the flame.
4.8.8.6 来油跳闸阀打开后，需在 15min 之内把油枪点着，否则锅炉会 MFT（点火延迟）
，
并回到“请求炉膛吹扫”状态。
4.8.8.6 After the supplying oil trip valve is opened, the oil gun is supposed to be ignited
within 15min. Otherwise, the boiler will send MFT (the ignition is delayed), and
return to the furnace purging request state.
4.8.8.7 投入空预器吹灰运行。
4.8.8.7 Put the soot blowing system of air heater into operation.
4.8.8.8 开启各取样一次门，连排一次门。
4.8.8.8 Open primary valve and continuous primary valve of each sampling system.
4.8.8.9 开启汽包加药一次门，通知化学加药。
4.8.8.9 Open dosing primary valve of steam drum, and inform chemical personnel to start
dosing.
4.8.9 点火注意事项
4.8.9 Ignition precautions
4.8.9.1 油枪只能依靠自己所属点火器进行点火，严禁依靠其它燃烧器的火焰进行点火。
4.8.9.1 The oil gun can be ignited only by using the igniter of its own, never use the flame
of other burners to ignite.
4.8.9.2 油枪点火失败后应立即将油枪及点火器退出，并进行吹扫。
4.8.9.2 After the oil gun fails to ignite immediately deactivate oil gun and igniter, and carry
out purge.
4.8.9.3 油枪点火完成后应检查点火器在退出位。
4.8.9.3 After the oil gun ignition is finished, check the igniter in under the deactivation
position.
4.8.9.4 点火时，油燃烧器的投入应按照下、中、上，先投对角后投全层的原则进行。
4.8.9.4 The oil burner activation should follow the following principle when carry out
ignition: the sequence should be from low to middle to up, first activate the burner
on the cross, and then the whole layer.
4.8.9.5 在每次投油后都要观察炉内着火燃烧情况，要特别注意油枪点着后及时调整燃烧，
保持雾化良好及燃烧稳定。
4.8.9.5 After every time activates the oil, observes the combustion condition in the
furnace. Besides, pay much attention to regulate combustion, and retain a good
atomizing and stable combustion after the ignition of oil gun.
4.8.9.6 油枪点火成功后，根据油母管压力及时调节回油调节阀保持油压稳定在规定范围内。
4.8.9.6 After the oil gun successfully ignited, follow the oil main pipe pressure to regulate
oil-returning regulating valve immediately so that retain the oil pressure in the
required range.
113
4.8.9.7 点火后应密切监视烟囱冒出烟气的颜色，如发现冒黑烟，应查明原因及时处理，严
禁在冒黑烟的情况下较长时间的运行，如点火不成功，应对炉膛重新进行彻底吹扫，
才可以重新点火。
4.8.9.7 After ignition, please observe the flue gas color from the stack carefully. If the
color is black, find out the causes and deal with it. It is prohibited to operate in
relatively long time with the flue gas being black. If the ignition fails, purge the
furnace completely once more before igniting again.
点火后经常切换对角油枪，以使炉膛均匀受热。油枪着火后，高能点火器装置应及
时退出，以免烧坏。
Please frequently change the opposite corner oil guns to make the furnace being
heated evenly. The high-energy igniter should be put out of operation once the oil
gun is in operation to prevent it from being burned out.
4.8.10 油枪撤运
4.8.10 Withdrawal of Oil Gun
4.8.10.1 AB1 点火油燃烧器顺控停用的步骤
4.8.10.1 AB1 oil ignition burner sequence control stop procedure
1 关闭燃油阀
1 Close oil ignition valve;
2 进点火枪
2 Send igniting gun;
3 打开吹扫阀，吹扫 60s
3 Open purge valve and purge for 60s;
4 退出点火枪
4 Withdraw igniting gun;
5 关闭吹扫阀
5 Close purge valve;
6 退出油枪
6 Withdraw oil gun.
以下任意情况都将产生“AB1 油燃烧器跳闸”信号：
Any of following circumstance will cause “AB1 oil ignition burner trip” signal:
MFT 发生
MFT occurs;
OFT 发生
OFT occurs;
AB1 油燃烧器投运过程 10s 后，AB1 油枪仍未进到位
AB1 oil gun fails to be sent in place after 10s in the process of AB1 oil ignition
burner in operation;
114
AB1 油燃烧器在投运过程中，AB1 油枪已推进 15s，AB1 燃油阀仍未打开
AB1 oil valve fails to open after 15s the AB1 oil gun is in place in the process of
AB1 oil ignition burner in operation;
AB1 油角阀在开位 12s 后，AB1 油燃烧器火检无火
AB1 oil burner’s flame detector cannot detect flame after 12s the AB1 oil corner
valve is being opened;
AB1 燃烧器投运过程并且 AB1 角油枪进到位 25s，AB1 燃烧器仍未投运成功
AB1 burner fails to be put in operation after 25s the AB1 corner oil gun is in place
in the process of AB1 burner in operation;
AB1 油燃烧器运行中故障
AB1 oil burner faults in the process of operation;
AB1 油燃烧器切除指令
AB1 oil burner cut-off command;
“AB1 油燃烧器切除过程”信号复位“AB1 油燃烧器投运过程”。当 AB1 油燃烧器在切
除时，FSSS 逻辑将发出关闭 AB1 油阀指令，切除 AB1 油燃烧器。如果不是由于
MFT、OFT 发生而引起油燃烧器切除，FSSS 逻辑还将开始一个 60s 的 AB1 油燃
烧器吹扫程序。60s 后发 AB1 油燃烧器吹扫完成信号，并退回 AB1 油枪。
“AB1 oil burner cut-off process” signal resets “AB1 oil burner operation process”.
When AB1 oil burner is cut off, FSSS logic will send “close AB1 oil valve”
command to cut off AB1 oil burner. If the oil burner cut-off is not caused by MFT or
OFT, then FSSS logic will start a 60-min AB1 oil burner purge procedure. 60 min
later, it will send AB1oil burner purge completed signal and withdraw AB1 oil gun.
AB1 油燃烧器吹扫请求（或）
：
AB1 oil burner purge request (or):
AB1 燃油阀关位置（脉冲）
AB1 oil valve is closed (pulse)
AB1 油燃烧器投运（脉冲）
AB1 oil burner in operation (pulse)
AB1 油燃烧器吹扫请求复位（或）：
AB1 oil burner purge requests reset (or):
MFT
MFT
AB1 油枪吹扫完成
AB1 oil gun purge completed;
AB1 油枪吹扫超时
AB1 oil gun purge overtime;
AB1 油枪未进到位（脉冲）
AB1 oil gun not in place (pulse);
115
AB1 油枪退到位
AB1 oil gun withdraw in place.
4.9 升温、升压
4.9 Temperature and Pressure Rising
4.9.1 升温升压的主要操作
4.9.1 Main Operation for Temperature and Pressure Rising
4.9.1.1 机组启动中，锅炉、汽机应密切配合，严格按照机组冷态启动曲线进行.
4.9.1.1 During the unit startup, the boiler and steam turbine should be cooperate with
every other, and strictly follow the unit cold state startup curve to operate(refer to
appendix).
4.9.1.2 机组升温升压主要依靠控制燃料量（油量、油枪数量）来控制升温升压速度。
4.9.1.2 The temperature rising and boosting mainly rely on the flue amount (oil amount
and numbers of oil gun) to control the velocity of temperature rising and boosting.
4.9.1.3 当汽包压力达到 0.15MPa 时：
4.9.1.3 When the steam drum pressure gets to 0.15MPa ， carry out the following
operations:
1) 关闭汽包空气门。
1) Close the air valve of steam drum.
2) 开启过热器疏水门，投入高低压旁路系统。
2) Open superheater drainage valve, and activate HP&LP bypass system.
4.9.1.4 当汽包压力达 0.2～0.3MPa 时：
4.9.1.4 When the steam drum pressure gets to 0.2 ～ 0.3MPa,carry out the following
operations:
1) 冲洗就地水位计，联系热工冲洗表管，投入给水、蒸汽流量表。
1) Flush the local water level meter, contact with I&C personnel to wash meter
pipe, and activate feedwater and steam flow meter.
2) 通知化学进行炉水监督。
2) Inform chemical personnel to supervise boiler water.
4.9.1.5 当汽包压力达 0.49MPa 时，关闭过热器疏水门、减温器疏水门，可调整过热器集箱
疏水以调节汽温。
4.9.1.5 When the steam drum pressure gets to 0.49MPa, close superheater drainage
valve and desuperheater drainage valve, and regulate superheater’ header
drainage to regulate steam temperature.
4.9.1.6 当汽包压力达 0.5MPa 时：
4.9.1.6 When the steam drum pressure gets to 0.5MPa, carry out the following
operations:
1) 联系检修热紧螺丝。
116
1) Contact with maintenance personnel to screw on screw.
2) 锅炉程控定排放水一次，如程控故障，则手动执行,应注意：
2) Carry out boiler program control periodical blowdown once, if there is trouble
on program control, carry out manually. The following items should be paid
much attention:
a) 各支门分别打开 1 分钟后关闭；
a) Open all the branch valves for 1 minute and then close them.
b) 当一个支门关闭后再开启另一个支门；
b) After one sub valve is closed, open another sub valve.
c) 严禁同时开启两个支门放水。
c) It is forbidden to drain water by opening two sub valves at the same time.
4.9.1.7 锅炉连续上水时，关闭省煤器再循环阀，并投入单冲量给水自动调节。
4.9.1.7 Close economizer recycle valve, and activate single impulse feedwater automatic
adjustment when boiler continuously perform feedwater.
4.9.1.8 点火后，应适时投入高低压旁路。
4.9.1.8 After ignition, the HP and LP bypass should be promptly put into operation.
汽机冲转前适时关闭一、二次汽管路的疏水门。
Close primary and secondary steam pipe drainage valve before turbine impulse
starting.
当锅炉的气压气温和主蒸汽流量满足汽机冲转条件时，向汽机送气，同时应关小旁
路系统的减温减压阀。
When the boiler pressure, temperature and main steam flow meet the turbine
impulse starting requirements, the steam can flow to the turbine. Meanwhile,
close down the bypass system temperature and pressure reducing valve.
4.9.1.9 主蒸汽压力达 0.592MPa 时可进行高压缸及主蒸汽管、阀壳预暖。
4.9.1.9 When main steam pressure gets to 0.592MPa, carry out preheating for HP casing
and main steam pipeline and valve casing.
4.9.1.10 主汽压力升至 1.0MPa 时进行减温器管路及滤网的反冲洗。
4.9.1.10 When the main steam pressure rises to 1.0MPa, carry out back washing for
pipeline and strainer of desuperheater.
4.9.1.11 根据主汽压力控制升温升压速度。
（见下图）
4.9.1.11 Control the velocity of temperature and pressure rising according to the main
steam pressure. (See the table below)
在启动过程中，应控制锅筒内饱和温度的上升速率。在 0-1.0MPa 阶段不大于 1℃
/min,在以后阶段不大于 2℃/min。
In the process of startup, control the saturated temperature rising speed in the
drum. From 0MPa to 1.0MPa, it should be lower than 1℃/min. In the later stage, it
should be no higher than 2℃/min.
117
Pressure
Boiler startup pressure increase curve

4.9.1.11 升压过程中，逐渐增加燃烧率，通过旁路系统按启动曲线达到汽机冲转的蒸汽参数
时，保持汽温汽压稳定，燃烧稳定，汽机准备冲转。
4.9.1.11 During the steam temperature rising and boosting, gradually increase the
combustion ratio and make the steam meet the requirement of turbine rolling via
bypass system and follow the startup curve. At this time, retain the steam
temperature & pressure and combustion stable and prepare the rolling for steam
turbine.
4.9.1.12 汽包压力升到 0.8MPa 以上时，投入连排系统，并根据水质情况调节排污量。
4.9.1.12 When the steam pressure rise to above 0.8MPa, activate continuously blowdown
system and regulate the blowdown amount in the light of the water quality
conditions.
4.9.2 升温升压过程中注意事项
4.9.2 Precautions in the Process of Temperature and Pressure Rising
4.9.2.1 升温升压过程中，保持锅炉水位正常及稳定。
4.9.2.1 Retain the boiler water level in normal condition and stable in the process of
temperature rising and boosting.
4.9.2.2 升温升压期间，汽包上下壁温差＜40℃，内外壁温差＜28℃，否则应减慢升压速度
或停止升压。
4.9.2.2 During the process of the temperature and pressure rising, the differential
temperature between the upper side and lower side of steam drum should be less
than 40 ℃ , the differential temperature between the inner side and outer side
118
should be less than 28℃. If not, reduce the speed of or stop pressure rising.
4.9.2.3 加强对过热器及再热器管壁温度的监视与控制，严防超温。再热器干烧时，注意监
视炉膛出口烟温不得超过 540℃，并应尽早开启旁路系统。
4.9.2.3 Enforce the temperature supervision and control for superheater and reheater
pipe wall and for against the over temperature. When the reheater dries out, pay
attention to the outlet flue gas temperature of furnace, it should be no more than
540℃, and immediately open the bypass system.
4.9.2.4 记录各膨胀指示器的指示值，若有异常停止升温升压，查找原因，消除后方可继续
升温升压。
4.9.2.4 Record the indicated value of every expansion indicator, if find any abnormal
Description, stop temperature rising & boosting and find out the Causes. After
elimination, restart the temperature rising and boosting.
4.9.2.5 按时严密关闭各空气门。
4.9.2.5 Tightly close every air valve in time.
4.9.2.6 在点火升压初期汽温调节主要依靠燃烧率调节，另一方面可以通过过热器疏水、再
热器疏水系统和旁路系统来调节主汽和再热蒸汽温度。
4.9.2.6 In the initial period of ignition and boosting, the steam temperature regulation
mainly rely on the combustion ration, on the other hand, the regulation of main
steam and steam temperature could be regulated by reheater drainage system
and bypass system.
4.9.2.7 经常监视油枪雾化情况，按照油枪层二次风挡板开度与油压的函数关系调二次风
量，并定期切换油枪，保证燃烧良好稳定，炉膛受热均匀。
4.9.2.7 Frequently inspect the oil gun atomizing condition and adjust the secondary air
amount according to the functional relationship between opening size of
secondary air damper and oil pressure on the oil gun layer. Switch the oil gun
periodically for ensuring good combustion condition and uniform heating in
furnace.
4.9.2.8 锅炉间断上水期间，当给水调节阀关闭时，开启省煤器再循环阀；但锅炉上水时必
须关闭省煤器再循环阀。
4.9.2.8 In the period of boiler intermittent water filing, and when the feedwater regulating
valve close, open the economizer recycle valve, but it could be closed only
when the boiler carry out water filling.
4.10 冲转、并网、升负荷阶段锅炉的操作
4.10 Boiler Operation during Turbine Rolling, Synchronization, and Load
Increase
4.10.1 汽轮机冲转前后锅炉的操作
4.10.1 Relevant Operation Before/After the Steam Turbine Rolling
4.10.1.1 当主汽压达 3.3Mpa,主汽温达 330℃，再热汽温差达 240℃以上并与主汽温偏差尽
量小，且水位正常，蒸汽品质合格时，对炉本体全面检查一次，检查后联系汽机冲
转，冲转期间要适当增加燃料量，稳定上述参数。
119
4.10.1.1 When the steam pressure gets to 3.3Mpa,main steam temperature gets to 330℃,
the temperature difference of reheater gets 240 ℃ or above and it has a little
deviation with main steam temperature, and the steam quality meets requirement,
carry out a overall inspection once and contact with steam turbine personnel to
carry out steam turbine rolling after inspection. During rolling, properly increase
the amount of fuel and make above parameter stable.
4.10.1.2 冲转过程中，应及时调整燃烧，控制水位、汽温、汽压稳定。
4.10.1.2 During turbine rolling up, adjust combustion timely and make the water level, the
steam temperature and pressure stable.
4.10.1.3 上述过程中，汽温、汽压值应满足汽机专业的要求。
4.10.1.3 In the above process, the temperature and pressure of the steam should meet the
requirements of the turbine specialization.
4.10.1.4 从送汽到并网阶段，用旁路减压阀控制汽压稳定机组带负荷后，根据具体情况关闭
旁路系统。
4.10.1.4 From steam transferring to synchronization, use bypass pressure reducing valve
to control the steam pressure. After the unit load begins, close the bypass system
according to the actual circumstance.
随着负荷的增加，并根据升温升压的要求，适时增加投入油枪的支数，并及时调整
燃烧，
With the increase in load, increase the quantity of oil guns in operation promptly
and adjust the combustion according to the temperature and pressure increase
requirement.
油枪的投入顺序：先下层后上层，先对角后全层。投入全部油枪可带锅炉的
30%B-MCR 左右负荷。
The sequence of oil guns in operation: lower layer before the higher layer;
opposed corner oil guns before the whole layer. All oil guns can support around
boiler 30% B-MCR load.
4.10.2 发电机并列后锅炉的操作
4.10.2 Boiler Operation After Generator Synchronization
4.10.2.1 并网后，据化学要求对锅炉底部进行一次全面排污后，关闭炉底排污门，适当开大
连续排污阀。
4.10.2.1 After synchronization, carry out an overall blowdown once for the bottom of boiler
in the light of chemical requirement, close boiler bottom blowdown valve, and
properly open continuous blowdown valve.
4.10.2.2 汽温、汽压值应满足汽机专业的要求。
4.10.2.2 The value of steam temperature and pressure should meet the steam turbine
specialization requirement
4.10.2.3 机组并网后，炉膛出口烟温>540℃时，退出烟温探针。
4.10.2.3 After synchronization and gas temperature at furnace outlet is over 540 ℃ ,
withdraw flue gas detective probe.
4.10.3 机组升负荷阶段锅炉的操作
120
4.10.3 Boiler Operation in the Period of Load Rising
4.10.3.1 升压过程中，保持水位的正常与稳定。
4.10.3.1 In the process of boosting retain the water level normal and stable.
4.10.3.2 升压期间，锅筒上、下壁温差＜40℃。
4.10.3.2 The temperature difference between upper and lower wall of steam drum should
be less than 40℃ in the period of boosting.
4.10.3.3 在升压过程中，记录各膨胀指示器的指示值，若有异常，查找原因，消除后，继续
升压。
4.10.3.3 Record the indicated value of every expansion indicator in the process of boosting.
If there is any abnormal condition, find out the Cause, and retain boosting after
elimination.
4.10.3.4 根据升负荷的需要，当锅炉运行到 30%B-MCR 工况时，可投入中速磨冷一次风直
吹式制粉系统，在油枪稳定时，可投入煤粉燃烧器。投粉前应对一次风管道进行吹
扫，煤粉细度应负荷设计要求。投粉时，应先投入靠近油枪的煤粉燃烧器，投粉后
应加强风量调整，保持燃烧稳定与良好。
4.10.3.4 According to the load increase requirement, the medium-speed coal pulverizer
cold primary air direct-fired coal pulverizing system can be put into operation
when the boiler load increases to 30% B-MCR. The pulverized coal burner can
also be put into operation. Before that, the primary air pipe should be purged and
the fineness of the pulverized coal should meet the load design requirement. In
the process of putting the pulverized coal in operation, the pulverized coal burner
neighboring the oil guns should be firstly put into operation. After that, pay
attention to adjust the air flow to maintain good and stable combustion.
4.10.3.5 升负荷过程中，逐渐增加燃烧率，负荷变动率为：
4.10.3.5 During load increasing, increase the combustion rate gradually. The load change
rates are as follows:
1) 在 70％～100％BMCR 时，不大于每分钟 5％BMCR。
1) Within 70％ - 100%BMCR, load increase should be less than 5％BMCR/min.
2) 在 50％～70％BMCR 时，不大于每分钟 3％BMCR。
2) Within 50％ - 70％BMCR, load increase should be less than 3％BMCR.
3) 在 50％BMCR 以下时，不大于每分钟 2％BMCR。
3) Below 50％BMCR, load increase should be less than 2％BMCR.
4) 允许的阶跃式变负荷，在 50％BMCR 负荷以下时为 5％BMCR，在 50％BMCR
负荷以上时为 10％BMCR。
4) Step type load changes are permitted. Below 50％BMCR, the load increase
should be 5％BMCR. Above 50％BMCR, the load increase should be 10％
BMCR.
4.10.3.6 继续投入油燃烧器，投入全部油枪可带锅炉的 30%B-MCR,在 30%B-MCR 负荷左
右，且热风温度达到规定值时，可试投最下层煤粉燃烧器。投粉前应对一次风管进
行吹扫。以后可根据升负荷要求，自下而上逐层投运煤粉燃烧器。
121
4.10.3.6 Continue to activate the oil burners. All oil guns can support 30%B-MCR boiler
load. When the load is around 30% of BMCR and the hot air temperature meets
the requirement, try to activate the lowest level of the coal nozzles (burners).
Before the pulverized coal is used, purge the primary air pipe. After that, activate
the pulverized coal burners from bottom to top based on load rising requirements.
4.10.3.7 当负荷升到 30%B-MCR 以上时，开启减温水总门，并将过热器、再热器的各级减
温投入自动。
4.10.3.7 When the load rises above 30% of BMCR, open the main valve of the
desuperheaters on each stage desuperheater and reheater in automatic
operation.
4.10.3.8 当负荷升到 30%B-MCR 以上时，切换主给水，将给水系统由旁路切换至主给水管
道运行。锅炉主蒸汽压力升至 10MPa 时开始洗硅，控制炉水含硅量，根据化学取
样分析，当炉水含硅量达到下一级压力允许含硅量时，才能继续升压，并继续洗硅，
直到额定工作压力。
4.10.3.8 When the load increases to above 30%B-MCR, switch the main feedwater,
changing the feedwater system from the bypass pipe to the main pipe. When the
boiler main steam pressure increases to 10MPa, start to wash silicon and control
the silicon content in the boiler water. According to chemical sampling analysis,
when the silicon content reaches to the permissible silicon content of the next
stage, continue increasing pressure and washing silicon until reaching the rated
working pressure.
4.10.3.8 不同压力下的炉水允许含硅量如下：
4.10.3.8 Different allowable silicon content at different boiler pressures:
项目单位数值
主蒸汽压力 MPa 7.5~10 10~12.5 12.5~15 15~16 16~17 17~18.2
SiO2 含量 Ppm ＜3.0 ＜1.5 ＜0.5 ＜0.4 ＜0.3 ＜0.2
Item Unit Value

Main steam
MPa 7.5~10 10~12.5 12.5~15 15~16 16~17 17~18.2
pressure
SiO2 content Ppm ＜3.0 ＜1.5 ＜0.5 ＜0.4 ＜0.3 ＜0.2
4.10.3.9 负荷 30%～40%时，第一台汽泵启动正常后，进行汽泵与电泵并列运行操作。
4.10.3.9 When the load is 30% ～ 40% of full load and the first set of BFPT is started
normally, the BFPT and the MBFP are running in parallel.
随着煤粉喷嘴投入数量的增多和锅炉负荷的增大，在确保燃烧稳定的前提下，逐渐
减少油枪的投入支数。当负荷约在 40%B-MCR 左右时，可停用全部油枪。在逐渐
停用油枪期间，应严密监视燃烧情况，必要时重新投油。
With the increase in pulverized coal nozzle quantity and the boiler load, decrease
the quantity of oil guns in operation under the condition of maintaining stable
combustion. When the load is around 40%B-MCR, stop all oil guns. In the
process of stopping the oil guns, monitor the combustion carefully and restart the
122
oil gun if necessary.
每一只油枪听通知后，应对炉前油管路和油枪用压缩空气吹扫干净，并将油枪退回。
Each time after the notice of oil gun, use compressed air to purge the oil pipe and
oil guns in the front of boiler and withdraw the oil guns.
4.10.3.10 负荷大于 50%，第二台汽泵启动正常后，进行两台汽泵并列操作，电泵停运备用，
视燃烧情况撤出油枪，全面检查系统正常，通知电除尘值班员投入电除尘。
4.10.3.10 When the load is above 50% and the second set of BFPT is started normally, two
sets of BFPT are running in parallel, and the MBFP is stopped and put in standby.
Retract the oil gun according to the combustion condition, completely check the
system is running normally and inform operator to put ESP in service.
4.10.3.11 当负荷升到 70%额定负荷或以上，且燃烧稳定时，应进行一次全面的吹灰。
4.10.3.11 When the load rise to 70% of rated load or above, and the combustion is stable,
carry out an overall sootblowing once.
4.10.3.12 根据机组运行情况，逐步投入锅炉主控自动。
4.10.3.12 Put the boiler master in automatic state gradually according to the unit operation
condition.
4.10.3.13 升至额定负荷后，对锅炉本体及辅机设备系统进行一次全面检查，并将检查情况汇
报值长。
4.10.3.13 Carry out overall inspections for the boiler proper and auxiliary system when the
load reach to the rated load and report the inspection conditions to the shift
leader.
4.11 锅炉温态、热态、极热态启动
4.11 Boiler Warm Startup, Hot startup, and Super Hot Startup
4.11.1 有关规定
4.11.1 Relevant Regulations
4.11.1.1 启动前的检查及准备与冷态启动基本相同。
4.11.1.1 The inspection and preparation before startup is same as cold startup.
4.11.1.2 锅炉温态启动的升温升压应按锅炉温态启动曲线进行。
4.11.1.2 The temperature rising and boosting for boiler warm startup should carry out
follow the boiler warm startup curve.
4.11.1.3 锅炉热态启动的升温升压应按锅炉热态启动曲线进行。
4.11.1.3 The temperature rising and boosting for boiler hot startup state should carry out
follow the boiler hot startup curve.
4.11.1.4 锅炉极热态启动的升温升压应按锅炉极热态启动曲线进行。
4.11.1.4 The temperature rising and boosting for boiler super hot startup state should carry
out follow the boiler super hot startup curve.
4.11.1.5 锅炉启动所需时间及次数
4.11.1.5 Boiler startup time and number of startups
123
启动状态划分标准允许次数启动时间
冷态启动 (停炉大于 72 小时) 200 次 6～8 小时
温态启动 (停炉 10～72 小时) 1200 次 3～4 小时
热态启动 (停炉小于 10 小时) 4500 次 1.5～2 小时
极热态启动 (停炉小于 1 小时) 600 次 <1.5 小时
正常停炉 4000 次
(10%B-MCR) 12000 次
负荷阶跃变化
Permitted number of Startup

Startup state Divisional standard
startups time
Cold state startup Shutdown over 72 hours 200 6 - 8 hours
Warm state
Shutdown 10 - 72 hours 1200 3 - 4 hours
startup
Shutdown less than 10 1.5 - 2
Hot state startup 4500
hours hours
Super heat Less than
Shutdown less than 1 hour 600
startup 1.5 hours
Normal shutdown 4000
(10%B-MCR)
Load step change 12000
4.11.2 注意事项
4.11.2 Precautions
4.11.2.1 锅炉点火后，全开过热器和再热器疏水门，冲转后关闭。
4.11.2.1 After boiler ignition, fully open the drainage valve of superheater and reheater,
and close them after rolling.
4.11.2.2 点火后，在保证汽包壁温和热应力情况下，应使参数尽快达到冲转条件，点火后应
及时投入旁路系统，并投入烟温探针，防止管壁超温。
4.11.2.2 After ignition and under the condition of ensuring the steam drum wall
temperature and thermal stress, as soon as possible to make the parameter meet
the roiling requirement, and immediately activate bypass system and flue gas
temperature probes for avoiding overheating of pipe wall.
4.11.2.3 点火后，全开集箱疏水阀 5 分钟后关闭，并保持给水温度与汽包壁温相近。冲转时，
主汽温度与再热汽温尽量接近并保持有 50℃以上过热度。
4.11.2.3 After ignition, close the full opened header drainage valve after 5mitutes later, and
close to temperature of feedwater and steam drum wall. The main steam
temperature and reheater steam temperature should close to and retain above 50
℃.
124
4.11.2.4 并网后，应根据情况及时投入制粉系统及减温水，可视情况退出烟温探针。
4.11.2.4 After synchronization, immediately activates pulverized coal system or deactivate
flue gas temperature probe accord to the practical condition.
4.11.2.5 启动过程中，主、再热蒸汽温差不得超过规定值，且再热汽温应不低于中压内缸上
壁温度。
4.11.2.5 The temperature difference between main steam and reheated steam should be
no more than required value in the starting up process, and the reheated steam
temperature should be no less than the upper wall temperature of IP casing.
125
5 锅炉运行维护及调整
5 Boiler Operation Maintenance and Adjustment
运行维护及调整
锅炉正常运行参数锅炉运行调整的要求锅炉燃烧工况正常应锅炉运行调整

具备的条件
Operation
Maintenance and
Adjustment
Normal operation Requirements for Requirement for Operation and

parameters operation adjustment normal combustion adjustment
5.1 正常运行参数及控制指标
5.1 Normal Operation Parameters and Control Index
5.1.1 锅炉正常运行参数
5.1.1 Normal Operation Parameters
控制范围报警值
(B-MCR/ECR Alarm value
序名称单位 ) 备注
号高限低限
No Description Unit Control Notes
range High Low
(BMCR/ECR) limit limit
126
电负荷
1 MW 220/200
Electric load
汽包压力
2 MPa 14.88±0.2
Steam drum pressure
汽包水位 +50
3 mm ±50 -100 ±230MFT
Steam drum water level +100
过热蒸汽流量
4 t/h 693/660
Superheated steam flow
过热蒸汽压力
5 MPa 13.43/? ? ?
Superheated steam pressure
过热蒸汽温度
6 ℃ 535/545 ? ?
Superheated steam temperature
再热器入口汽压
7 MPa 2.7
Reheater inlet steam pressure
再热器入口汽温
8 ℃ 324
Reheater inlet steam temperature
再热器流量
9 t/h 603.7
Reheater steam flow
再热蒸汽汽压
10 MPa 2.7
Reheat steam pressure
再热蒸汽汽温
11 ℃ 540 547 520
Reheat steam temperature
一级减温器后温度
12 Temperature behind 1st ℃ 409
desuperheater
二级减温器后温度
13 Temperature behind 2nd ℃ 423
desuperheater
三级减温器后温度
14 Temperature behind 3rd ℃ 507
desuperheater
低温过热器壁温
15 Wall temperature of low ℃ ＜474 507
temperature superheater
127
大屏过热器壁温
16 Wall temperature of large platen ℃ ≤507 507
superheater
后屏过热器壁温
17 Wall temperature of rear platen ℃ ≤560 560
superheater
高温过热器壁温
18 Wall temperature of high ℃ ＜580 575
低温过热器壁温
19 Wall temperature of low ≤474 474
中温再热器壁温
20 Wall temperature of intermediate ℃ ≤489 545
temperature reheater
高温再热器壁温
21 Wall temperature of high ℃ ＜580 580
temperature reheater
给水温度
22 ℃ 254
Feed water temperature
两侧汽温差
23 Steam temperature difference ℃ ＜15
between both sides
烟气含氧量
24 % 2.5～6
Oxygen content in flue gas
两侧烟温差
25 Flue gas temperature difference ℃ ＜50
between both sides
一次热风温度
26 ℃ 367/368
Primary hot air temperature
二次热风温度
27 ℃ 359/362
Secondary hot air temperature
炉膛负压
28 Pa －100±50 +980 -980 ±1960MFT
Furnace negative pressure
128
2.4( 延时
燃油压力 2S)MFT
29 MPa 3.2 3.8 2.8
Fuel oil pressure 2.4(2S
delay)MFT
压缩空气压力
30 MPa 0.6～0.75 0.75 0.55
Compressed air pressure
一次风管风压
31 KPa 10
Air pressure in primary air duct
连排扩容器压力
32 Continuous blowdown flash tank MPa ＜1.0
pressure
定排扩容器压力 Periodical
33 MPa ＜0.7
blowdown flash tank pressure
风箱/炉膛压差
34 Windbox/furnace pressure Pa ＞0.5Kpa
difference
省煤器出口水温
35 Water temperature at economizer ℃ 294/299 299
outlet
5.1.2 锅炉给水质量标准
5.1.2 Boiler feed water quality standards
项目单位标准
Item Unit Standard
硬度
umol/L 0
Hardness
二氧化硅
ug/L ≤20
Silicon dioxide
溶解氧
ug/L ≤7
Dissolved oxygen
铜
ug/L ≤5
Copper
PH(25℃) — 9.0 - 9.5
导电率(25℃)
— ≤0.3
Conductivity
129
联氨
ug/L 10 - 50
Hydrazine
油
mg/L ≤0.3
Oil
5.1.3 锅炉炉水质量标准
5.1.3 Boiler water quality standard
项目单位标准
Item Unit Standard
含盐量
Μs/cm ≤50
Salt content
二氧化硅
mg/L ≤0.25
Silicon dioxide
氯离子
mg/L ≤1
Chlorine ion
磷酸
mg/L 0.5～3
Phosphate
PH(25℃) — 9～10
5.1.4 锅炉主蒸汽质量标准
5.1.4 Boiler main steam quality standards
项目单位标准
Item Unit Standard
铜
Ug/L ≤5
Copper
钠
ug/L ≤10
Natrium
铁
ug/L ≤20
steel
SIO2 ug/L ≤20
DD us/cm ≤0.3
130
5.2 锅炉运行维护的要求
5.2 Requirement for boiler Operation and Maintenance
1) 锅炉设备在运行中，自动装置按规定投入运行并加强监视，必要时进行手动协
助操作使运行参数维持在允许值范围内。
1) Auto mechanisms should activated and monitored during normal boiler
operation. Carry out manual operations if necessary to maintain the operating
parameters within the stipulated range.
2) 锅炉现场各调节机构、操作装置的控制方式正常均应在远操、遥控方式，远操
失效时应切换至就地手动方式协助操作，并联系有关检修人员及时处理，修复
后投运。
2) The control mode of all control mechanisms and operatable devices of the
boiler should be set to remote control. If remote control fails, switch to local
control. Restore remote control after the problem is eliminated.
3) 运行中的锅炉所有联锁及保护必须投入，如有故障及其它原因需退出时，应按
保护撤运规定执行。
3) All interlock protections and other protection should be put into use during
boiler operation. If the fault necessitates boiler shutdown, do so in
accordance with the shutdown procedures.
4) 锅炉正常运行中，应注意压缩空气系统、辅汽系统等公用系统的运行情况。
4) Pay attention to the operation condition of compressed air system, auxiliary
steam system and other common systems during normal boiler operation.
5) 运行人员应根据辅机有关表计、CRT及各种仪表的显示、记录、报警，结合现
场设备的巡视检查情况，及时分析运行工况，发现异常情况应及时处理或联系
有关人员处理。
5) Operators should analyze boiler working condition via various meters, CRTs,
indicators, records and alarms of auxiliary equipment as well as walkdowns
to analyze the current boiler state. Take immediate action if any abnormal
conditions are found.
6) 锅炉正常运行中，炉前油系统应保持正常运行，油枪应处于热备用状态。
6) During normal running, boiler front oil system should operate normally. Oil
guns should be in hot standby state.
5.3 锅炉运行调整的要求
5.3 Requirement for Boiler Operation and Adjustment
1) 保持锅炉的蒸发量满足负荷要求，且不得超过锅炉最大蒸发量。
1) Make boiler evaporation capacity meets the load requirement, and is no more
than the maximum evaporation capacity.
2) 保持汽温、汽压稳定，且在正常范围内。
2) Retain the steam temperature and pressure stable and in normal range.
3) 均衡给水，保证汽包水位在正常范围内。
131
3) Feedwater should be equally so that make the steam drum water level in
normal range.
4) 保持炉水、蒸汽品质合格。
4) Retain the quality of boiler water and steam quality.
5) 保持炉内燃烧良好，减少热损失，降低污染物排放。
5) Keep the combustion well, reduce the heat loss and decrease the discharge
of foreign matter.
6) 保持各处风温、烟温和管道壁温在规定范围内，消除热偏差。
6) Keep the temperature of air, flue gas and pipe wall in the required range, and
eliminate heat deviation.
7) 保持各受热面清洁，防止结焦、积灰。
7) Keep every heating surface clean from cooking and ash deposit.
8) 做好巡回检查和定期工作，发现缺陷及时联系处理，确保锅炉机组安全运行。
8) Carry out patrol and regular inspection and immediately solve the problem so
that ensure boiler safe operation。
9) 为实现以上目标，提高操作水平：
9) To achieve the above, improve personnel operational skills:
a) 充分利用计算机控制、程序控制及自动调节装置，以利运行工况稳定和提
高调节质量。
a) Make full use of computer control, program control and auto control
device to maintain a stable working condition and improve adjustment
efficiency.
b) 自动装置投入时，运行人员需加强对各工况参数监视，并经常进行综合性
仪表记录分析，充分掌握仪表运行情况，发现缺陷及时通知处理。
b) After auto devices are put into operation, operators should increase
monitoring of each parameter and analyse instrument records to have a
full picture of the operation condition. Take immediate action if any
defects are found.
c) 运行中自动装置不正常时，应切为手动操作，维持正常工况，通知有关人
员处理。
c) If auto devices do not work properly during operation, switch to manual to
maintain normal operation then contact the relevant personnel to correct
the problem.
5.4 锅炉燃烧工况正常应具备的条件
5.4 Requirement for Boiler Normal Combustion Working Condition
1) 炉内火焰呈光亮的金黄色，无偏斜贴墙现象，具有良好的火焰充满度。
1) The flame in furnace is light golden yellow without deviation, and has good
flame distribution.
132
2) 炉膛负压保持-50～-150Pa之间，无漏风现象。
2) The negative pressure of furnace retain in the range of -50 to -150Pa without
air leakage.
3) 同一标高的燃烧器的火焰中心处于同一高度，下部火焰在冷灰斗中部以上，上
部火焰不延伸到大屏过热器底部。
3) The flame center of same level burners should be in same altitude. The lower
part flame is above the middle of cold ash hopper, but the upper part flame
should be not extended to the bottom of platen superheater.
4) 煤粉着火距燃烧器喷口距离适中，无风粉分离现象。
4) The distance from the fired pulverized coal to burner spout is proper without
air and pulverize separation Description.
5) 根据煤质确定一、二次风配比，即风速和风率适当，符合燃烧器设计参数。
5) Determine the distribution ration of primary air and secondary air according to
coal quality. The air velocity and air ratio is proper and meet the design
parameter of burner.
6) 定期检查煤粉细度R90=30%合格。
6) Periodically check the fineness of pulverized coal, when the R90=30%, pass
the quality test.
7) 无受热面管壁金属超温、结渣等现象。
7) There is no overheating and slagging on the heating surface of metal pipe.
5.5 锅炉运行调整
5.5 Boiler Operation Adjustment
锅炉运行调整
负荷的调整汽温调整水位调整
过热汽温调整再热汽温调整
133
Boiler operation adjustment
Load adjustment Temperature adjustment Water level adjustment
Superheated steam Reheat steam temperature

temperature adjustment adjustment
5.5.1 负荷的调整
5.5.1 Load Adjustment
5.5.1.1 机组负荷调节有下列五种：
5.5.1.1 There are following five unit load adjustment measures:
1) 单元机组手动方式。
1) Manual method for unit.
2) 锅炉跟踪。
2) Boiler track.
3) 汽机跟踪。
3) Turbine track.
4) 锅炉协调。
4) Boiler coordination.
5) 汽机协调。
5) Steam turbine coordination.
6) 只要条件许可，各种方式可以任意切换，当选择了一种方式后，先前的方式会
自动退出，即同一时刻只可能有一种运行方式。
6) If possible, every kind of measures can switch randomly. If chose one
method, the former method should be automatically deactivated. Means
there are only one operating method at same time.
5.5.1.2 锅炉负荷变化时，应加强监视主蒸汽和再热蒸汽压力、温度、燃料量、给水、汽包
水位、风量、一次风压、炉膛负压等重要运行参数的变化，对于因故切“手动”的调
134
节装置，要及时进行手动调节，以保持工况稳定。
5.5.1.2 Closely monitor the variety of the important operation parameters as follows:
pressure and temperature of main steam and reheated steam, fuel amount,
feedwater, steam drum water level, air amount, primary air pressure, and furnace
negative pressure. Timely use the manual adjusting devices when they are
activated due to a fault to ensure stable working conditions.
5.5.1.3 机组增减负荷至 50%负荷注意辅汽汽源的切换。
5.5.1.3 Switch the auxiliary steam source when the unit load increases or decreases to
50% of the load.
5.5.1.4 锅炉设计负荷变化率。定压运行时，电负荷变动速率一般为每分钟 3—5%，滑压运
行时电负荷变动速率一般为每分钟 2-3%。
5.5.1.4 The change rate of boiler design load. While in fixed pressure operation, electrical
load change rate should generally be 3% to 5% per min. While in sliding pressure
operation, the electrical load change rate should generally be 2% to 3% per min.
1) 在 70％～100％BMCR 时，不小于每分钟 5％BMCR。
1) At 70% - 100% of BMCR, the change rate should be no less than 5% of
BMCR per minute.
2) 在 50％～70％BMCR 时，不小于每分钟 3％BMCR。
2) At 50% - 70% of BMCR, the change rate should be no less than 3% of BMCR
per minute.
3) 在 50％BMCR 以下时，不小于每分钟 2％BMCR。
3) When the unit is less than 50% of BMCR, the change rate should be no less
than 2% of BMCR per minute.
4) 允许的阶跃式变负荷，在 50％BMCR 负荷以下时为 5％BMCR，在 50％BMCR
负荷以上时为 10％BMCR。
4) The allowable phase step load change: at less than 50% of BMCR load, the
change rate should be 5% of BMCR; when the unit is more than 50% of
BMCR load, the change rate should be 10% of BMCR;
5.5.2 汽温调整
5.5.2 Steam Temperature Adjustment
5.5.2.1 汽温调节的原则
5.5.2.1 Steam temperature adjustment principle
5
1) 定压运行 70%ECR—MCR 时，主蒸汽、再热汽温度为 540 5 ℃。
1) When rated pressure operating is in 70%ECR—MCR, the main steam
5
temperature and reheated steam temperature should be 540 5 ℃.
2) 滑压运行在 50%～100%ECR 时，满足汽机要求，两次汽温偏差＜15℃，过热
器和再热器管壁不超过设计允许壁温。
2) When the sliding pressure operating is in the range of 50% ～ 100%ECR,
meet the steam turbine requirement, and the two times steam temperature
135
deviation is less than 15℃, the temperature of superheater and reheater pipe
wall should be no more than the design allowable temperature.
3) 过热汽温以二级减温为主要调节手段，其中一级为主调，二级作为细调，二级
正常工况下作为备用，根据锅炉运行情况可用来调节左右侧汽温偏差，防止后
屏超温；必要时也可以燃烧为辅调。
3) The overheated temperature adjustment is mainly depended on the second
stage desuperheating, the first stage is main adjustment, the second stage is
fine adjustment, and the second stage is standby in the normal condition. It
can be used for adjusting the left and right side steam temperature deviation
and avoiding rear platen superheater over temperature. It also can be
auxiliary adjustment for combustion if necessary.
4) 再热汽温调节主要依靠烟气挡板调节，并配有事故喷水作事故情况之用。
4) The reheated steam temperature adjustment mainly relies on the flue gas
damper adjustment, and it is equipped with emergency water spray using in
the emergency condition.
5) 正常运行中过热汽温和再热汽温差不大于 30℃。
5) In normal operation, the temperature difference between overheating steam
and reheated steam is no more than 30℃.
6) 正常运行时过热汽温和再热汽温的调节应由自动装置进行调节：
6) In normal operation, the adjustment of superheating and reheated steam
temperature is adjusted by automatic device：
a) 在投入自动调节时应加强对汽温的监视。
a) When activate automatic adjustment, enforce the supervision of steam
temperature.
b) 如发现异常或自动解列时，应立即手动调整，使汽温稳定在规定值。
b) If find abnormal Description or automatic disconnection, manually adjust
and make the steam temperature stay in required value.
7) 在机组启动初期低负荷时，投入减温水时，应注意一级减温器后的温度以及事
故喷水后的温度应高于对应的过、再热汽压力下的饱和温度，以防过、再热器
积水振动。
7) When the unit in the primary startup period and with low load, activate the
desuperheating water, the temperature after the primary stage desuperheater
and emergency water spray is higher than the relevant saturated temperature
under the reheating and superheated steam pressure. It is used for
preventing the superheater and reheater water deposited from vibration.
5.5.2.2 过热汽温的调节
5.5.2.2 Superheated steam Temperature Adjustment
1) 过热汽温调节以一级减温水调节为粗调，并控制大屏过热器入口汽温，当此控
制温度有上升趋势时应开大一级减温水调节阀，增加减温水量控制汽温。投减
温水前应先对管路进行疏水。检修中，对减温水管路上的滤网应进行反冲洗，
以免影响减温水量。
1) The superheated steam temperature adjustment take primary stage
136
desuperheating water adjustment as coarse adjustment, and control the big
platen superheater inlet stem temperature. When the control temperature has
a rising trend, largely open the primary stage desuperheating water adjusting
valve and increase the desuperheating water flow to control the steam
temperature. Before putting the desuperheating water into operation, the
drainage in the pipes should be discharged first. In the process of
maintenance, the strainer of the desuperheating water pipe should be back
washed to prevent it from influencing desuperheating quantity.
2) 当一级减温器喷水量接近或超过其设计出力，而后屏过热器入口汽温仍有超过
规定值的趋势时，应开启二级减温器以防超温。
2) When the water spray flow of primary stage desuperheater closes or exceeds
the resign output, and the inlet steam temperature of rear platen superheater
still has the trend of exceeding required value, open the secondary stage
desuperheater for avoiding over temperature.
3) 正常运行应使用一、二级减温器配合调节主汽温度。
3) In normal operation, use the first stage and second stage desuperheater to
adjust main steam temperature corporately.
4) 由于一级减温器调节的滞延较大，为使调节灵敏，保持高过出口汽温稳定，正
常运行时一级减温水量固定，由二级减温器调节过热器出口汽温。
4) Since the first stage desuperheater adjustment has a big lagging, retain the
HP superheater temperature stable for agility adjustment. In normal operation,
the first desuperheated water flow should be stable and the second stage
desuperheater should be used to adjust superheater outlet steam
temperature.
5) 投入减温水时，应缓慢进行，尤其在低负荷时应更要注意：减温水流量不可大
幅度波动，防止汽温急剧波动。给水压力波动时，应密切监视汽温，防止超温。
5) Gradually activate the desuperheating water, especially in the period of low
load, at that time, pay attention to the following: the desuperheating water
flow can not fluctuates in large extent, in order to avoid steam temperature
fluctuate rapidly. When the feedwater pressure is fluctuant, pay attention to
supervise the steam temperature and avoid over temperature.
6) 当高加解列后，大量的减温水必须通过一级减温器投入，以防大屏、后屏、高
过超温。
6) After the HP heater disconnection, large amount of desuperheating water
should be activated by first stage desuperheater, for fear that the big platen,
rear plate and HP heater over temperature.
7) 当高加投入时，应适当关小一级减温水，以防汽温下降太多。
7) When activate the HP heater, close the first stage desuperheating water a
little bit for fear that the steam temperature dropped too much.
8) 在汽包水位大幅度波动或开、关向空排汽时应加强对汽温的监视，并及时调整。
8) Enforce the steam temperature supervision and adjustment in time when
water level of steam drum fluctuates in large extent or when open & close
atmospheric relief valve.
9) 必要时可调整一、二次风量、燃烧器摆角以及炉膛火焰中心位置来使汽温上升
137
或下降，及减小两侧汽温偏差。
9) Adjust the primary & secondary air flow, burner swing angle and the position
of flame center to reduce the steam temperature deviation of two sides to
make the steam temperature rising or dropping if necessary,
10) 当煤质发生变化、煤粉细度变化、负荷变化、吹灰、制粉系统的切换以及总风
量的变化等因素都会引起汽温变化，应作到及时调整，使汽温稳定。特别是启
动顶上层磨煤机时，将使再热汽温上升较快，应提前做好准备防止超温。
10) The following changing and switching will arose the steam temperature
changing: coal quality changing, coal fineness changing, load changing, the
total air flow changing, and the switching of soot blowing and pulverized coal
system. Therefore, immediately carry out adjustment to make the steam
temperature stable. Especially, make a good preparation for preventing over
temperature when start up the upper layer coal pulverizer, the reheated
steam temperature will rise quickly.
5.5.2.3 再热汽温的调节
5.5.2.3 Reheated steam Temperature Adjustment
1) 由于再热蒸汽比热比过热蒸汽要小，且补偿能力差，因此，在工况发生变化时，
更易出现大幅度波动，比过热汽温难控制，因此，应加强对再汽温度的监控调
整。
1) Since the specific heat of reheated steam is smaller than superheated steam,
and has low compensate ability, a big extent reluctant will easy to come out,
and will difficult to control when the condition changes. Therefore, it is
required to observe on supervision and adjustment of reheating temperature.
2) 再热汽温的的调节以调节燃烧器摆角为主要调节手段。摆角向上汽温升高，反
之汽温降低。摆角调节应缓慢，幅度不得太大，通常摆角应控制在±20°范围内
变化，并注意对火检的影响。再热汽温调节方式：采用烟气挡板进行调节，锅
炉负荷降低（升高是），再热器侧挡板开度增大（减小），相应地过热器侧挡板
开度减小（增大），对两侧挡板的转角和转动速度进行同步调节。烟气挡板调节
再热汽温有一定的滞后性，挡板动作后约 1.5 分钟，再热汽温开始变化，十分
钟后趋于稳定。再热器系统中的备用喷水可作为调温的补充手段，事故喷水减
温供紧急状态下使用，在 B-MCR 工况下，当再热器进口汽温高于 328℃时（持
续 10 分钟），投入事故喷水，当再热器进口汽温低于 323℃时，停止事故喷水。
2) The adjustment of burner swing angle as the main adjustment measures for
reheated steam temperature adjustment. The upward position of the swing
angle indicates the steam temperature increase whereas the downward
position of the swing angle means the steam temperature decrease. The
adjustment of the swing angle should be slow and the swing amplitude
should be small. Generally, the swing angle should be controlled within ±20°
degree. Meanwhile, pay attention to its influence on the flame detector.
Reheated steam temperature adjustment measures: flue gas damper
adjustment. When the boiler load decreases (or increases), the opening of
the damper at reheater side should be increased (or decreased). Accordingly,
the opening increase (or decrease) of the damper at the reheater side will
lead to the synchronous adjustment of the rotating angle and rotating speed
of the dampers at both sides. The flue gas damper adjustment for the
reheated steam temperature is a little lagging. The reheated steam
138
temperature will not change until around 1.5 min after the damper activation.
Ten min later, the temperature becomes stable. The standby spray water in
the reheater system can be used as supplementary means for temperature
adjustment. Emergency spray water for desuperheating can only be used
under emergency. Under B-MCR condition, the emergency spray water can
be used when the reheater inlet steam temperature is higher than 328℃ and
it lasts for 10 min. the emergency spray water should be stopped when the
reheater inlet steam temperature is lower than 323℃.
3) 再热器微量喷水减温器作为辅助调节手段。正常情况应投入自动调整。
3) The minim amount water spray of reheater as the auxiliary adjustment
measures. In the normal condition, it should be put into automatic adjustment
operation.
4) 再热汽温的自动调节装置是采用单冲量调节，为保护再热器，设有事故喷水减
温，控制壁式再热器入口蒸汽温度≯330℃，在再热器热端汽出口温度高于规
定值时，事故喷水打开。并保证再热蒸汽有足够的过热度。
4) The automatic adjusting device of reheated steam temperature use single
pulse to adjust for protecting reheater. The emergency water spray
desuperheater is installed for controlling the inlet steam temperature of
reheater is no more than 330℃. When the hot-end steam outlet temperature
of reheater is higher than required value, the emergency water spray will be
opened in order to ensure the reheated steam has enough overheating
degree.
5) 高加解列对再汽温度的影响。由于抽汽量减少，使再汽压力升高流量增大，在
燃烧还未变化时，再热汽温暂时下降(约 5-10℃)，但随着机组工况趋于稳定，
再热汽温随即会迅速上升，运行人员要做好预想工作，及时进行调整。
5) The effect on reheating temperature when the HP disconnect. Since the
steam extraction amount reduces, the reheating pressure is rising and the
flow is increasing. When the combustion doesn’t change, the reheating
temperature will temporally drop (about 5-10 ℃ ). When the unit condition
turns to be stable, the reheating temperature will quickly rise up. Therefore,
the operator should do well with the broadcasting and perform adjustment in
time.
5.5.3 汽包水位调整
5.5.3 Steam Drum Water Level Adjustment
5.5.3.1 汽包水位调节的原则
5.5.3.1 Criteria on Steam Drum Water Level adjustment
1) 树立流量平衡调水思想，蒸汽流量与给水流量的平衡是水位调整的依据，应依
据二者的变化结合机组其它参数和工况的变化对水位的变化趋势及时做出判
断，采取相应措施，维持水位在允许范围内。
1) Set flow balance water adjusting idea, the balance of steam flow and
feedwater flow is the basis of water level adjustment. Immediately make a
judgment according to the changing of them, and combine other parameter
and working condition changing trend, and adopts corresponding measures
to retain the water level in an allowable range.
139
2) 水位调整是保证锅炉安全稳定运行的重要环节，在各种负荷下，都应连续均匀
向锅炉进水，保持锅筒水位在允许范围内变化。
2) Water lever adjustment is important in guaranteeing boiler’s safe and stable
operation. Continuous and well-distributed feedwater should be fed to the
boiler under various loads to maintain the drum water level varying within the
allowed scope.
3) 给水操作台设有 DN50、DN125、DN300 三条不同管路向锅炉供水。DN300
管路能满足锅炉满负荷及正常运行时使用，DN123 可满足 30%额定负荷，供
启动时用，DN50 旁路供启动时上水和水压试验用。为保证锅炉进水平稳可靠，
可根据锅炉负荷投入相应的给水管路。
3) DN50, DN125 and DN300 three different pipes are equipped at the feedwater
operation station to provide water for the boiler. DN300 pipe can meet the
boiler full load normal operation requirement and DN123 pipe can meet the
boiler 30% rated load operation at the startup period. DN50 bypass can meet
the requirement of boiler startup water supply and hydrostatic test. To
guarantee boiler feedwater being stable and reliable, different feedwater
pipes should be used according to the change of boiler load.
正常运行时，应投入给水自动调节。在负荷变动，调整燃烧，定期排污和切换
水泵等情况下应密切注意锅筒水位的变化和调节。
While in normal operation, feedwater automatic adjustment should be in
operation. When the load changes, please adjust the combustion. Particular
attention should be paid to the drum water level change and adjustment
during intermittent blowdown period and pumps change period.
4) 正常运行时，汽包水位应控制在正常水位（汽包中心线下 100mm）的±50mm
范围内，当汽包水位达±100mm 时报警；+150mm 时自动开启事故放水阀，水
位降至＋100mm 时事故放水阀自动关闭。
4) In normal operation, the steam drum water level should be controlled in the
±50mm of normal water level (bellow 100mm of steam drum center line).
When the steam drum water level gets to ±100mm, it will be alarm. The
emergency water discharge valve will be automatically opened when the
water level gets to +150mm. The emergency water discharge valve will be
automatically closed when the water level drop to ＋100mm.
5) 正常运行中，汽包水位以就地水位计指示为准，就地水位计应显示清晰，并有
轻微波动。其它水位表计与其核对，并参照给水、蒸汽流量及时进行调整。
5) In normal operation, the steam drum water level takes the indication of local
water level meter as standard. The local water level should be clear and
lightly fluctuate. The other water level meter should check up with the local
water level meter and compare with it for adjusting feedwater and steam flow.
6) 在各种负荷下，应连续均匀地向锅炉进水，正常情况下，保持给水压力高于汽
包压力 1～2Mpa。
6) In various load state, continuously and evenly fill water to the boiler. Under
the normal condition, the feedwater pressure should be higher than steam
drum pressure 1～2Mpa.
7) 正常运行时，应投入给水自动调节，在负荷变动、燃烧调整、定期排污和给水
泵切换、主付阀切换等情况下应加强联系，密切注意锅炉水位变化。
140
7) Deactivate feedwater automatic adjustment in normal condition. In the
following condition: load changing, combustion adjustment, intermittent
blowdown, and the switching of feedwater pump, main and assistant valve,
enforce connection and pay attention to the boiler water level changing.
8) 正常运行时，给水的调整应平稳，给水量不应大幅度变化，主给水投自动时，
仍应加强对水位表计的监视；当自动失灵时应及时解除自动，手动调节水位在
正常范围内。
8) In normal operation, the feedwater adjustment should be stable, the
feedwater flow can not be changed in large content. When the feedwater
activate automatic, the supervision for water level meter should be enforced,
when it is automatically out of order, immediately release automatic operation,
and manually regulate the water level in the normal range.
9) 各水位计必须指示正确，运行中至少应有两台以上指示正确的低位水位计供监
视，每两小时就地水位计校对一次，定期试验汽包水位高、低信号，报警可靠。
9) Every local water meter should instruct correctly, in the operation, there are at
least two or above low water level meters with correct indication for
supervision.
10) 避免猛增猛减给水泵转速，防止给水泵入口压力低跳闸，特别在启动初期，除
氧器压力较低时。
10) In order to avoid sharply increasing or decreasing rotating speed, and
prevent the feedwater pump inlet pressure from low tripping, especially in the
startup primary period and the deaerator low pressure period.
5.5.3.2 下列情况应加强对水位的监视和调整
5.5.3.2 Enforce the water level supervision and adjustment if come out following
conditions
1) 给水压力、给水流量发生较大波动时；
1) When the feedwater pressure and feedwater flow fluctuate in large content.
2) 负荷变化较大时；
2) When the load changes a lot.
3) 在事故情况下；
3) Under emergency condition
4) 在对连排进行调整以及定期排污时；
4) When adjust continuous blowdown and periodical blowdown
5) 给水自动故障时，应切至手动调整；
5) If the feedwater automatic is in trouble, switch to manually adjustment.
6) 安全门动作时；
6) If the safety valve acts
7) 启动首台磨煤机或运行中启动下层磨煤机时，应注意虚假高水位；
7) Start up the first coal pulverizer or coal pulverizer in low layer during the
operation, pay attention to the false water level.
141
8) 给水泵故障、切换给水泵或进行给水泵并列操作时；
8) When switch the damaged feedwater pump or carry out the synchronization
operation.
9) 锅炉机组启动或停止时；
9) When boiler unit start up or shut down.
10) 锅炉燃烧不稳定时。
10) If combustion boiler is not stable.
11) 给水主、付阀切换时应考虑给水主路、旁路管径变化和沿程阻力变化的影响。
11) When switch the main and assistant feedwater valve, the effect on feedwater
main and bypass pipe size changing and variation of insistence should be
taken on account.
5.5.3.3 给水系统的全程控制
5.5.3.3 Whole process control of the feedwater system
1) 本机组给水系统采用单元制，每台机组装有两台 50%汽动调速给水泵和两台
100%电动调速给水泵。一台运行一台备用。通过调节泵的转速来调节控制锅
炉给水量。
1) This unit feedwater system is unit system. The unit is equipped with two 50%
turbine-driven speed regulating feedwater pumps and two 100%
motor-driven speed regulating feedwater pumps. One pump is used for
operation and one is used for standby. The boiler feedwater quantity is
controlled by regulating the speed of the pump.
2) 负荷小于 15%MCR 时，由给水最小流量调节阀控制给水流量。采用单冲量控
制给水(即采用节流调节的方式单冲量调整汽包水位)当流量小于给水泵的最小
流量时，给水泵再循环阀应能自动开启至适当的开度，大于时自动关闭。
2) When the load is less than 15% of MCR, the feedwater minimum flow
regulating valve will control the feedwater flow. The single impulse controls
the feedwater (i.e. regulate the water level of the steam drum by using
throttling control). When the flow is less than the minimum flow of feedwater
pump, the recirculation valve of feedwater pump should automatically open to
a suitable opening degree and close when flow is larger.
3) 负荷大于 15%MCR 时，自动实现节流调节切换与转速调节的切换以及单冲量
与三冲量的无扰切换。
3) When the load is more than 15% of MCR, the switching of throttling and
rotation speed adjustment and the switching of single impulse and three
impulses are automatically adjusted.
5.5.3.4 手动调节
5.5.3.4 Manual Adjustment
1) 当电负荷缓慢增加，主蒸汽流量增加，主蒸汽压力下降，水位降低时，应根据
情况适当增加给水流量。使之与主蒸汽流量相适应，保持汽包水位正常。反之
减小给水流量使之与主蒸汽流量相适应。
1) When the power load gradually increases, the main steam flow increases, the
main steam pressure decreases and the water level decreases. The
142
feedwater flow should be increased appropriately according to the situation in
order to make it match with the main steam flow and keep the water level of
steam drum in normal condition. Otherwise, decrease the feedwater flow to
make load match with the main steam flow.
2) 当电负荷急剧增加时，主汽压力迅速下降，汽包水位先高后降低时，切不可过
多减少给水流量，待水位即将有下降趋势时立即增加给水流量。使之与主蒸汽
流量相适应，保持汽包水位正常。
2) If the electric load sharply increases, main steam flow quickly drops and the
water level first increases then decreases, do not excessively decrease the
feedwater flow excessively. Immediately increase the feedwater flow when
the water level shows a downward trend to make it correspond with the main
steam flow, keeping the water level in the drum normal.
3) 当电负荷急剧降低，主汽流量迅速下降，主汽压力迅速升高，此时汽包水位先
降低，而后会很快上升，此时切不可过多增加给水流量，待水位即将有上升趋
势时立即减少给水流量。使之与主蒸汽流量相适应，保持汽包水位正常。
3) If the electric load sharply decreases, main steam flow quickly drops and the
main steam pressure increases, the water level will first decrease then
quickly increase. At this point, do not excessively increase the feedwater flow.
Immediately reduce the feedwater flow when the water level shows an
upward trend to make it correspond with the main steam flow, keeping the
water level normal.
4) 出现虚假水位时还应根据实际情况进行操作。严防锅炉满水或缺水的事故发生。
4) If there is psuedo water level, operate according to the real condition. Prevent
accidents caused by full water or lack or water in the boiler.
5.5.4 汽压调整
5.5.4 Steam pressure adjustment
5.5.4.1 在 ECR 工况下，正常运行时，主蒸汽压力为 13.43±0.2MPa ，MCR 工况下为
13.43±0.2MPa 滑压运行时，根据滑压运行曲线要求进行汽压调整。
5.5.4.1 The main steam pressure should be 13.43±0.2MPa when it is in ECR condition
and the unit is in normal operation. The main steam pressure should be
13.43±0.2MPa in MCR working condition. Adjust the steam pressure according to
the variable pressure operation curve.
运行中应正确判断压力变化的原因，以采取相应的调整措施。
During operation, the causes leading to pressure change should be judged
correctly so as to take corresponding measures.
5.5.4.2 主汽压力的调整，正常情况下，应根据负荷大小，通过增减燃料的方法进行，不许
采用有损燃烧稳定的方法来调整汽压。在非事故情况下不应用安全门和对空排气等
手段减低汽压
5.5.4.2 In the normal condition, adjust the main steam pressure according to the load via
increasing and decreasing the fuel. It is forbidden to use methods which
negatively affect stable combustion. The safety valve and air relief valve should
not be used to decrease the steam pressure unless under emergency condition.
5.5.4.3 当锅炉汽压超过或低于正常运行值范围时，应视运行工况采取相应措施：
143
5.5.4.3 When the boiler steam pressure is higher or lower than the normal operation
scope, carry out the corresponding measures according to the operation
conditions:
1) 采用增、减给煤机给煤率的方法来调整；
1) Increase and decrease the coal feed rate of coal feeder.
2) 可适当增减机组负荷来调整；（开/关汽机调门）
2) Appropriately increase and decrease the load (open or close turbine
governing valve)
3) 在投油情况下可通过减少或增加燃油量来调整。
3) Decrease or increase fuel oil amount when the oil is being fired.
5.5.4.4 在高负荷定压运行时，应加强对汽压的监视，及时调整，防止超压。
5.5.4.4 In high load and fixed pressure condition, closely monitor the steam pressure, and
adjust it timely to avoid overpressure.
5.5.4.5 禁止在非事故情况下，用对空排汽或 PCV 阀进行降压调节。
5.5.4.5 When there is no emergency, it is forbidden to exhaust the steam to the
atmosphere or decrease the pressure via PCV.
5.5.4.6 如汽压到了 PCV 阀动作值，而 PCV 阀拒动时，应手动打开 PCV 阀泄压。
5.5.4.6 If the steam pressure reaches the activation value of PCV, but the PCV cannot
activate, open the PCV manually to decrease the pressure.
5.5.4.7 若汽压达到安全门动作值，而安全阀拒动，并且压力继续升高时应采取措施直至切
除部分燃烧器，开启对空排汽阀进行降压等手段；在此处理过程中应注意炉膛燃烧
及汽包水位，以防灭火及水位事故的发生。
5.5.4.7 If the steam pressure reaches to the activation value of safety valve and the
safety valve cannot activate, but the pressure is still increasing, take the following
measures to decrease the pressure: cut off some burners and open exhaust
steam valve. During this process, pay attention to the furnace combustion and
water level of steam drum to prevent fire or water level accident.
5.5.4.8 机组正常运行时，汽压采用自动调节。当主汽压力变送器或自动调节故障时，应切
至手动，由操作员手动调节。
5.5.4.8 The steam pressure is adjusted automatically when the unit is in the normal
operation. When the main steam pressure transmitter or automatic governor is
faulty, switch to manual mode, and the operator is to adjust it manually.
5.6 燃烧调整
5.6 Combust ion adjustment
5.6.1 燃烧调整的任务及目的
5.6.1 Process and aim of combustion adjustment
5.6.1.1 适应电负荷变化需要，满足锅炉蒸发量的要求。
5.6.1.1 To meet the requirements of load change and satisfy boiler evaporation rate.
5.6.1.2 保证燃烧的稳定性，提高燃烧的经济性，同时使炉膛热负荷分配均匀，减少热偏差，
144
保证锅炉运行各参数正常。
5.6.1.2 To maintain stable combustion, improve economical efficiency, ensure uniform
load throughout the furnace, reduce heat differentials and keep parameters within
the normal range.
5.6.1.3 保持燃料着火距离适中，火焰稳定且均匀的充满燃烧室，不直接冲刷水冷壁。
5.6.1.3 Maintain fuel firing distance is proper, flame is stable and full of fire chamber, and
make sure the flame is not erode water wall.
5.6.1.4 保证各受热面管壁不超温。
5.6.1.4 To keep the temperature of heating surfaces from exceeding the limits.
5.6.1.5 防止锅炉结渣和堵灰。
5.6.1.5 To protect the boiler from slagging and ash deposition.
为使燃烧稳定，低负荷时应少投煤粉喷嘴，以保持较高的煤粉浓度，高负荷时多投
煤粉喷嘴，以均匀承担负荷，一般情况下，各层间煤粉喷口不应间隔运行。特殊情
况下必须间隔运行时，负荷不应小于70%额定负荷，并密切注意燃烧情况，必要时
投油助燃，以防灭火。
To maintain stable combustion, the quantity of pulverized coal nozzle should be
decreased to keep high pulverized coal density in the process of load decrease.
While in the high load condition, more pulverized coal nozzles should be used to
evenly undertake the load. Normally, interval operation of each pulverized coal
layer nozzles is not allowed. If the interval operation is needed under special
circumstances, the load should be no lower than 70% of the rated load and
special attention should be paid to the combustion. The oil should be used to
assist combustion if necessary in case of flame out.
运行时出现灭火时，严禁爆燃法点火。
Combustion puff ignition is prohibited to ignite in case of flame out.
锅炉在较低负荷下运行时，应采用切除部分燃烧器的办法调整燃烧率，若锅炉负荷
变化不大时，可采用改变磨机出力的方法调整燃烧率。
While the boiler is in low load operation, reduce the burner to adjust the
combustion rate. If the boiler load change is minor, change the coal pulverizer’s
output to adjust the combustion rate.
根据设计要求或通过实验，控制煤粉细度和炉膛出口过量空气系数，以保证锅炉运
行的经济性和稳定性。
Guarantee the boiler’s economical efficiency and stability by controlling the
pulverized coal fineness and furnace outlet excess air coefficient based on the
design or through test.
燃烧器的配风比率、风速、风温等应负荷设计要求。
The burner’s air distribution rate, air speed and air temperature should meet the
load design requirement.
5.6.2 燃烧控制系统
5.6.2 Combustion control system
5.6.2.1 在正常运行中，由协调控制系统 CCS 实现对锅炉运行参数的自动调节。负荷变化
145
时燃烧器投切需由 BMS 系统控制。
5.6.2.1 During normal running, the operation parameters are automatically controlled by
CCS. When the load is changing, BMS controls the startup and shutdown of the
burners.
5.6.2.2 正常运行中应投入燃烧器自动控制。
5.6.2.2 Burner should be put into auto control mode during normal operation
5.6.2.3 自动控制系统故障时，立即解列切手动进行手动调节。
5.6.2.3 When auto control system is faulty, switch to manual control mode immediately.
5.6.3 炉燃烧工况正常应具备的条件
5.6.3 Conditions for normal combustion
5.6.3.1 炉内火焰呈光亮的金黄色，无偏斜贴墙现象，具有良好的火焰充满度。
5.6.3.1 The flame is bright golden yellow, upright and full.
5.6.3.2 炉膛负压保持-50～-150Pa 之间，无漏风现象。
5.6.3.2 Furnace negative pressure is -50 to -150Pa. No air leakage.
5.6.3.3 同一标高的燃烧器的火焰中心处于同一高度，下部火焰在冷灰斗中部以上，上部火
焰不延伸到大屏过热器底部。
5.6.3.3 The center of the flame produced by burners on the same level should be at the
same level. The lower part of the flame is above the bottom ash hopper. The
upper flame should not reach to the bottom of platen superheater.
5.6.3.4 煤粉着火距燃烧器喷口距离适中，无风粉分离现象。
5.6.3.4 The distance between the fuel firing position and burner nozzles is correct. There
is no separation between air and coal.
5.6.3.5 省煤器出口过剩空气系数保持在 1.2%(O2 量 2.5～6%)，油、粉混烧时 O2 量可保
持 6～8%。
5.6.3.5 Excess air coefficient at economizer outlet is kept at 1.2% (O2 2.5 - 6%). When oil
and coal are fired together, oxygen can be maintianed at 6 - 8%.
5.6.3.6 根据煤质确定一、二次风配比，即风速和风率适当，符合燃烧器设计参数。
5.6.3.6 The distribution of primary and secondary air is determined by coal quality, i.e., air
speed and air distribution are appropriate and meet the burner design
parameters.
5.6.3.7 定期检查煤粉细度 R90=32%合格。
5.6.3.7 Check the fineness degree of the coal. It should be R90=32%.
5.6.3.8 无受热面管壁金属超温、结渣等现象。
5.6.3.8 The heating suface walls do not overheat; no slagging.
5.6.4 燃烧器运行要求
5.6.4 Requirements of burner operation
5.6.4.1 锅炉在任何工况下，炉膛总风量不得小于 30% B—MCR（145m3/s），如果只停一
只或二只(对角)油枪时，可只停燃料不减风。
146
5.6.4.1 Furnace total air flow must not be less than 30% of BMCR (145m3/s) under any
condition. If only one oil gun or two (opposing guns) are stopped, the fuel supply
can be stopped but do not reduce air flow.
5.6.4.2 任一油枪或煤粉喷嘴切除后，对该油枪或煤粉管道必须进行吹扫。
5.6.4.2 If any oil gun or coal nozzle is deactivated, its supply pipeline must be purged.
5.6.4.3 当锅炉负荷处在最低不投油稳燃负荷以下时，燃烧器喷嘴应始终处于水平位置，且
应有油枪助燃；当锅炉负荷在最低不投油稳燃负荷以上时，允许燃烧器喷嘴摆动，
并可逐步停运油枪。
5.6.4.3 When the boiler load is below the point of lowest stable combustion without oil
supply, the burner nozzles must be in the horizontal position all the time, and oil
guns should be used to support combustion. When the boiler load is above the
point of lowest stable combustion without oil supply, the burner nozzles can be
titled and oil guns stopped gradually.
5.6.4.4 锅炉不同负荷、不同运行方式下，为达到锅炉参数，一次风喷嘴运行规定(推荐值)：
5.6.4.4 Under different loads and different operation modes, in order to reach normal
boiler parameters, the operation regulations of primary air (PA) nozzle are as
follows: (recommended values)
1) 当锅炉负荷≥75%ECR 时，4 层一次风喷嘴运行；
1) When boiler load is ≥75%ECR, 4 levels of PA nozzles running
2) 当锅炉负荷≥50%ECR 时，3 层一次风喷嘴运行；
2) When boiler load is≥50%ECR, 3 levels of PA nozzles running
3) 当锅炉负荷≥35%B—MCR 时，2~3 层一次风喷嘴运行，并可根据情况投油助
燃；
3) When boiler load is ≥35% of BMCR, 2-3 levels of PA nozzles running. Oil
guns can also be used to support combustion if necessary.
4) 当锅炉负荷<35% B—MCR 必须逐步投入油喷嘴；
4) When boiler load is <35% of BMCR, oil nozzles must be gradually put into
operation.
5) 当一次风喷嘴运行层数为 3 层时，应尽量投运彼此靠近的 3 层一次风喷嘴；
5) If there are three levels of PA nozzles in operation, try to start up the same 3
levels on the neighbouring burner.
6) 当一次风喷嘴的运行层数为 2 层或 1 层时，必须是一组中的两层一次风喷嘴或
相邻的一层一次风喷嘴和一层油枪喷嘴运行，以相互支持燃烧。
6) When one or two levels of the PA nozzles are operating, two levels of PA
nozzles of any one burner is working or the one level of PA nozzles and one
level of oil guns of the neighbouring burner must be working together to
ensure properly assisted combustion.
5.6.5 锅炉燃烧手动调节
5.6.5 Manual adjustment of boiler combustion
5.6.5.1 炉膛火焰中心调节
147
5.6.5.1 Adjustment of furnace flame center
1) 炉膛火焰中心过高时。
1) When the furnace flame center is excessively high.
a) 开大上排二次风挡板。
a) Increase the opening degree of secondary air fan damper on the top
level.
b) 减少上部燃烧器负荷，增大其它燃烧器负荷。
b) Decrease load of upper section, increase the load of other levels.
c) 启动下部燃烧器运行，停止上部燃烧器运行。
c) Stop upper section and start lower section.
d) 在允许范围内，适当关小引风机静叶开度，减小炉膛负压。
d) Decrease the opening degree of ID fan stationary blade (within the
permitted range), and reduce furnace negative pressure.
2) 燃烧器火焰中心过低时。
2) When burner flame center is excessively low.
a) 开大下排二次风挡板；
a) Increase the opening degree of secondary air fan damper on the lowest
level.
b) 增加上部燃烧器负荷；
b) Increase upper section of burner load
c) 启动上部燃烧器运行，停止下部燃烧器运行。
c) Start upper section and stop lower section.
d) 在调节范围内，适当开大引风机静叶，加大炉膛负压。
d) Increase the opening degree of ID fan stationary blade (within the
permitted range), and increase furnace negative pressure.
e) 为保证炉膛火焰中心，防止火焰偏斜，力求各燃烧器负荷对称均匀。
e) In order to ensure flame center is in the correct location, keep the flame
upright and maintain uniform load across all burners.
5.6.5.2 燃料量的调整
5.6.5.2 Adjustment of fuel amount
1) 增加负荷时，相应增加空气量及进入炉膛的燃料量。
1) Increase air and fuel amount accordingly when load is increasing
2) 减小负荷时，相应减少进入炉膛的燃料量及空气量。
2) Decrease air and fuel amount accordingly when load is decreasing
3) 负荷需要缓慢少量增加时，适当增加运行给煤机的给煤率。
3) When load needs to be increased slowly, increase coal feeding rate
accordingly.
148
4) 负荷需要缓慢少量减少时，适当减小运行给煤机的给煤率。
4) When load needs to be reduced slowly, decrease coal feeding rate
accordingly.
5) 负荷需要少量急剧增加时，适当增加磨煤机通风量，同时增加运行给煤机给煤
率。
5) When load needs to be increased greatly at a low rate, increase air supply to
the pulverizers and increase coal feeding rate to the coal feeders.
6) 负荷需要少量急剧减少时，适当减少运行给煤机给煤率，同时减少磨煤机通风
量。
6) When load needs to be decreased greatly at a low rate, reduce air suply to
the pulverizers and reduce coal feeding rate to the coal feeders.
7) 负荷增加幅度大时，增加运行磨煤机通风量，给煤机给煤率不能满足要求时，
可启动用制粉系统。
7) When the load increase range is large, increase air supply to the pulverizers.
If the coal feeding rate cannot meet the requirements, activate the standby
pulverization system.
8) 负荷降低幅度大时，降低运行给煤机给煤率及磨煤机通风量不能满足要求时，
可适当停运部分制粉系统。
8) When the load decrease range is great, if decreasing the coal feeding rate
and air supply to the pulverizers cannot meet the requirement, stop a section
of the pulverization system.
9) 设计一次风速为 26m/s，正常运行时，磨煤机通风量应保持在规定范围内，磨
煤机通风量过小时，一次风速过低，着火提前易烧坏燃烧器喷嘴；同时还易造
成一次风管堵管。通风量过大时，一次风速过高，煤粉变粗，加剧一次风管的
磨损。
9) Design primary air speed is 26m/s. Air supply to the pulverizers should be
kept within the prescribed range during normal operation. If air supply to the
pulverizers is low and PA speed is low, firing in advance may burn the burners
and may cause blockages in PA duct. If too high and primary air speed is also
too high, pulverized coal may become coarse and this will speed up erosion
of PA duct.
10) 锅炉设计最低不投油稳燃负荷为 35%MCR 工况；当负荷较低或煤质较差时，
可根据实际情况提前投入一定量的油枪稳定燃烧。
10) The design lowest load for stable combustion without oil is 35% of BMCR.
When the load is low or coal quality is poor, oil guns can be put into operation
in advance based on necessity.
11) 切换制粉系统时，应先启动备用制粉系统，后停欲停运的制粉系统。
11) Before switching pulverization systems, the standy system should be started
up first before stopping the system to be stopped.
5.6.5.3 送风量调节
5.6.5.3 Regulation of Forced Air
1) 总风量调节
149
1) Total air amount adjustment
a) 当燃料特性发生变化时，应及时调整风量使燃烧良好，氧量维持在正常范
围内。
a) When the fuel characteristics begin to change, adjust air amount to keep
the combustion in good condition and the oxygen amount in the normal
scope.
b) 炉膛风量正常时，火焰为金黄色，火焰中无明显的火星，氧量在规定值。
b) When the air amount in the furnace is normal, the flame is golden yellow,
without obvious sparks, and the oxygen amount is within the stipulated
range.
c) 当炉内火焰炽白刺眼，烟气含氧量过大时，应适当减少送风量。
c) When the flame is extremely bright and flue gas contains excessive
amounts of oxygen, reduce the forced air input amount.
d) 当炉内火焰为暗黄色，烟气含氧量小，含一氧化碳超标时，应适当增加送
风量。
d) When the flame is dark yellow, the oxygen in the flue gas is low and CO
in the flue gas exceeds the regulated amount, increase the forced air
input amount.
e) 烟气含氧量偏大，一氧化碳超标，烟气呈黑色，飞灰可燃物增大，表明煤
粉与空气混合不好或炉膛温度偏低，应适当调整一、二次风配比，改善燃
烧。
e) When the oxygen in the flue gas is too much, CO in the flue gas exceeds
the regulated amount, the flue gas is black and combustable matters in
the fly ash increase, this indicates that the mixture of pulverized coal and
air is poor or furnace temperature is low. Properly adjust the ratio
between primary air and secondary air to improve the combustion
condition.
f) 两台送风机同时运行时，其入口开度、电流、出力应基本一致，同时调节。
f) When two F.D. fans are in operation at the same time, the inlet opening
degree, current and output should be similar. They should be adjusted at
the same time.
g) 行运中应严密关闭各人孔、检查孔，以减少漏风。
g) Close all access doors and inspection holes tightly when the unit is in
operation to reduce the air leak e. ag
h) 严禁缺风运行。
h) It is forbidden to operate the unit when the unit severely lacks air.
2) 风门挡板控制
1) Control of air dampers
燃烧器各层风室均设有风门挡板，每个风室的风门挡板均可通过各自的执行器
实现自动调节。风门挡板的调节采用层控制，即同一标高层的四个风室的风门
挡板执行器接受同一个远方控制信号得到同步控制，使得该层四个风室的风门
挡板的状态一致。风室挡板的作用是分配每角燃烧器各层风室之间的风量，不
150
能用于调节炉膛总风量。
The air chamber of the burner in each layer is equipped with air dampers,
which can be used to regulate automatically through their own actuators. The
regulation of the air dampers is controlled layer by layer, i.e. at the same
elevation, the four air chambers’ dampers are controlled by one remote signal
to realize synchronous regulation, by which, the four air chambers’ dampers
will be in the same state. The air damper’s function is to distribute the air flow
over the air chamber’s burners in each layer at four corners.
a) 周界风挡板的控制。
a) Control the auxiliary air dampers.
当锅炉负荷＜60%B-MCR时，未投运煤粉喷嘴所对应的周界风风门挡板应全
开，投运煤粉喷嘴所对应的周界风风门挡板的开度是该层煤粉喷嘴的出力的函
数，见图一；当锅炉负荷≥60%B-MCR后，所有周界风风门挡板应全开。炉膛
吹扫时机锅炉停运阶段应将风门置于吹扫位置即全开位置。
When the boiler load ＜ 60%B-MCR, the non-operated pulverized coal
nozzles’ corresponding auxiliary air dampers should be fully opened. As for
the operated pulverized coal nozzles’ corresponding auxiliary air dampers,
the opening should be the function of the nozzle output in that layer (see
Graph 1); when the boiler load ≥60%B-MCR, all auxiliary air dampers should
be fully opened. During the boiler outrage, to purge the furnace, the auxiliary
air dampers should be at the purge position (i.e. fully open).
151
Damper opening
Pulverized coal nozzle output

Graph 1 Operated pulverized coal nozzle auxiliary air damper opening control
b) 二次风挡板控制。
b) Control the secondary air dampers.
c) 布置油枪的二次风风门挡板的控制。
油枪点火及投运阶段，该风门开度用于保证燃油配风。不论是锅炉处于点
火阶段还是锅炉运行中需投油枪助燃，都应首先使要投运的油枪层所对应
的二次风门。
c) Control the secondary air damper that has oil guns.
During oil gun ignition and operation period, this air damper is used to
ensure oil air distribution. Whether the boiler is in the process of ignition
or in the operation that requires oil gun to support combustion, the
secondary air damper should be opened for the corresponding oil gun
layer to be operated.
d) 油枪点火及投运阶段，该风门开度用于保证燃油配风。
d) During oil gun ignition and activation, the opening degree of the air
dampers should ensure air distribution to the fuel air.
e) 投运的油枪层所对应的二次风门由“压差控制”方式或全开状态转入“油枪点
火控制”方式。
e) The secondary air dampers corresponding to the activated oil gun levels
are controlled from DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL mode or
from full open state to OIL GUN IGNITION CONTROL mode.
f) “油枪点火控制”方式要求首先让风门挡板处于点火位置，然后才能向该层
中的某个油角的控制系统发出点火信号，该层风门的点火位置应持续到该
层中第二只要投运的油枪的火焰检测器检测到火焰存在信号后30秒时止，
推荐风门点火位置的开度为0～5%，之后风门的开度随时间而增大。
152
f) OIL GUN IGNITION CONTROL mode requires the following: firstly put
the air damper in the ignition position. Only then can the ignition signal be
sent to the control system of some oil corners of a certain level. The air
damper position on this level should be kept until 30 seconds after the
flame detector of the next oil gun to be put into service finds the flame
signal. The recommended opening degree of air damper is 0 - 5%, then
the degree increases with time.
g) 某层四只油枪全部停运时，该层二次风作为普通二次风，其风门挡板的控
制按“普通二次风风门挡板的控制”要求执行。
g) When the four oil guns on one level are all shutdown, the secondary air
in this level becomes common secondary air. The air damper is
controlled by the requirements of COMMON SECONDARY AIR
DAMPER CONTROL.
挡板控制曲线如下图
Damper control curve is as follows
153
3) 顶二次风风门挡板控制
3) Control of OFA damper
a) 锅炉进入启动程序后，顶二次风风门开度作为锅炉负荷的函数，其控制要
求见下图。
a) After the boiler startup, the opening degree of OFA damper is a function
of boiler load. Refer to the following diagram for its control requirement.
154
b) 炉膛吹扫时及锅炉停运阶段应将风门置于吹扫位置即全开位置。
b) When purging the furnace and when the boiler is outed, put the air
damper in purging position, i.e., fully open.
4) 普通二次风风门挡板控制
4) Control of common secondary air damper
a) 普通二次风指未布置有油枪的二次风或虽布置有油枪但油枪未投入运行的
155
二次风。
a) Common secondary air is the secondary air with oil guns or the
secondary air with oil gun but not in operation.
b) 锅炉停运阶段应将普通二次风风门置于全开位置。
b) Put the common secondary air damper in full open position when the
boiler is outted.
c) 锅炉进入启动程序后，在炉膛吹扫前，将风门置于吹扫位置即全开位置。
c) After the boiler startup, put the air damper in purging position, i.e., full
open position before furnace purging.
d) 炉膛吹扫完成后，应将所有普通二次风风门挡板纳入“压差控制”方式，使
这些二次风门处于某个中间位置，以增大燃烧器二次风阻力，维持大风箱
与炉膛间所需静压差。中间位置应随时调整，以维持相应的压差要求。
d) After the furnace purging is finished, put all common secondary air
dampers in DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL mode. This makes
these secondary air dampers in a middle position to increase burner
secondary air resistance and maintaining the static differential pressure
between windbox and furnace. The middle position should be adjusted
anytime to maintain the corresponding requirements of differential
pressure.
e) 当某一层普通二次风相邻的煤粉喷嘴都未投入运行时，该层普通二次风又
称为闲置的普通二次风。在某一层的煤粉喷嘴要投入运行之前，在维持适
当总风量的同时应使相关连的闲置普通二次风层的风门由“压差控制”方式
下的某个中间位置调到全开位置，风门调整到位后方能允许该层煤粉喷嘴
投运。而其余闲置的普通二次风层的风门挡板仍应置于“压差控制”方式下。
e) When the pulverized coal nozzles next to the common secondary air of a
level are not in operation, the common secondary air in this level is also
called spare common secondary air. Before the pulverized coal nozzle of
one level is put into operation, maintain sufficient air amount and adjust
the corresponding air damper of spare common secondary air level from
the middle position in DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL mode
to the full open position. After the air damper is adjusted into a proper
position, the pulverized coal nozzle of this level is allowed to be activated.
The air dampers in other spare common secondary air level should be
still in the DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL mode.
大风箱与炉膛间静压差与锅炉负荷的函数曲线见下图。
See the following diagram for the function curve of the static pressure difference
(between windbox and furnace) and boiler load.
156
157
5) 锅炉 MFT 后风门挡板的控制
5) Control of air damper after MFT activation
a) 锅炉MFT后应将所有的周界风风门、顶二次风风门及其他所有二次风风门
置于吹扫位置即全开位置。
a) After boiler MFT activation, put all auxiliary air dampers, OFA dampers
and other secondary air dampers in the purging position, i.e., full open
position.
b) MFT时，若炉膛总风量小于30%B—MCR风量，则5分钟后才允许风门动作。
b) When MFT is triggered, if the total air amount in the furnace is less than
30% of BMCR, activate the air damper after five minutes.
c) MFT时，若送风机全跳或引风机全跳，则1分钟后才允许风门动作。
c) When MFT activates, if all FD or ID fans trip, activate the air damper after
one minute.
6) 风门挡板控制说明
6) Control instructions for air damper
炉膛吹扫
风室名称锅炉点火及带负荷
Furnace
Air chamber Boiler ignition and load carrying
purging
OFA 层顶二次风全开见顶二次风挡板控制曲线。
OFA secondary air Fully open Refer to the control curve of OFA damper
E 层煤粉均未投时置于“压差控制”方式，否则全
EE 层二次风全开开。
EE secondary air Full open In DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL

mode when the pulverized coal in level E is not
put into operation. Otherwise, full open.
该层煤粉喷嘴投运，并且锅炉负荷在 0～60％
B-MCR 范围内时见周界风挡板控制曲线；否则全
E 层周界风室全开开
E auxiliary air chamber Fully open Refer to auxuliary air damper control curves
when the of pulverized coal nozzle in this level
is put into operation and boiler load is within 0 –
60% of BMCR. Otherwise, full open.
油枪投运时置于“油枪点火控制”方式。
In OIL GUN IGNITION CONTROL mode when
oil gun is in operation.
DE 层二次风（油）全开
油枪未投时：若 D、E 两层煤粉也均未投，置于“压
DE secondary air (oil) Fully open 差控制”方式；否则全开。
When the oil gun is not in operation: switch into
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROL mode
if the pulverized coal in level D and E is not in
158
operation. Otherwise, full open.
159
D 层周界风室全开开。
D auxiliary air chamber Fully open Refer to the surrounding air damper control
curve when the pulverized coal nozzle in this
level is put into operation and boiler load is
within 0 – 60% of BMCR. Otherwise, full open.
D 层煤粉未投时置于“压差控制”方式，否则全开。
DD 层二次风全开 Switch into DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
CONTROL mode when the pulverized coal in
DD secondary air Fully open
level D is not put into operation. Otherwise, full
open.
C 层煤粉未投时置于“压差控制”方式，否则全开。
CC 层二次风全开 Switch into DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
CC secondary air Fully open
level C is not put into operation. Otherwise, full
open.
开。
C 层周界风室全开
When the nozzle of pulverized coal in this level
C auxiliary air chamber Fully open is put into operation and the boiler load is in the
range of 0 - 60 ％ B-MCR, refer to the
surrounding air damper control curve;
otherwise, open the air chamber fully.
Switch the mode into OIL GUN IGNITION
CONTROl mode when oil gun is in operation.
油枪未投时：若 B、C 两层煤粉也均未投，置于“压
BC 层二次风（油）全开
差控制”方式；否则全开。
BC secondary air (oil) Fully open
if the pulverized coal in level B and C is not in
operation. Otherwise, open the air chamber
fully.
B-MCR 范围内时见周界风挡板控制曲线；否则
全开。
B 层周界风室全开
Refer to surrounding air damper control curves
B auxiliary air chamber Fully open when the nozzle of pulverized coal in this level
is put into operation, boiler load is in the scope
of 0 ～ 60 ％ B-MCR; otherwise, open the air
chamber fully.
160
Switch the mode into OIL GUN IGNITION
CONTROl mode when oil gun is in operation.
油枪未投时：若 A、B 两层煤粉也均未投，置于“压
AB 层二次风（油）全开
差控制”方式；否则全开。
AB secondary air (oil) Fully open
if the pulverized coal in level A and B is not in
operation. Otherwise, open the air chamber
fully.
开。
A 层周界风室全开
Refer to surrounding air damper control curves
A auxiliary air chamber Fully open when the nozzle of pulverized coal in this level
is put into operation, boiler load is in the scope
of 0 ～ 60 ％ B-MCR; otherwise, open the air
chamber fully.
A 层煤粉未投时置于“压差控制”方式，否则全开。
AA 层二次风全开 Switch into DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
AA secondary air Fully open
level A is not put into operation. Otherwise,
open the air chamber fully.
5.6.6 炉膛负压调整
5.6.6 Furnace Negative Pressure Adjustment
5.6.6.1 正常运行时保持炉膛负压-50~-150Pa。
5.6.6.1 Keep the furnace negative pressure about -50 to -150Pa when the unit is in
normal operation.
5.6.6.2 负压过大会增加漏风，尤其在低负荷或煤质变差时易造成锅炉灭火。
5.6.6.2 If the negative pressure is too high, the air leakage will increase, especially in the
case of low load or bad coal quality. This can cause flame extinguishing.
5.6.6.3 炉膛冒正压，易烧坏炉墙，造成火焰直接冲刷水冷壁。
5.6.6.3 If the furnace leaks positive pressure, it is easy to burn the furnace wall and the
flame will directly touch the water wall.
5.6.6.4 正常的炉膛负压是相对平衡的，在燃料量、送风量、引风量不变的情况下，炉膛负
压指示在控制范围内波动。
5.6.6.4 The normal furnace negative pressure is comparatively balanced. In the case of
stable fuel amount, air output amount and air input amount, the furnace negative
pressure indication should be in the control range.
5.6.6.5 正常运行时，应注意监视各烟道的负压变化情况。负荷高时烟道负压较大，负荷低
时烟道负压小。如烟道负压出现异常时，应及时进行调整，并根据负压的变化情况
进行分析，是否出现堵灰或漏泄，做到及时发现及时处理。
161
5.6.6.5 Closely monitor the variable conditions of negative pressure in all flue gas ducts
when the unit is in the normal operation. The negative pressure in flue gas duct is
high when load is high, and vice versa. If negative pressure in the flue gas duct is
abnormal, adjust it immediately. Analyze the variable negative pressure, inspect
whether there is ash block or leakage in order to handle timely.
5.6.6.6 在送风量正常情况下(氧量正常)，炉膛负压变大时，应关小引风机静叶挡板。
5.6.6.6 When the air input amount is normal (and oxygen amount is normal) and the
furnace negative pressure increases, close slightly the static blade damper of ID
fan.
5.6.6.7 运行人员在吹灰、清焦、检查炉内工况时应保持较大的炉膛负压。
5.6.6.7 Keep a higher furnace negative pressure when the operator carries out soot
blowing, slag cleaning and furnace inspection.
5.6.6.8 两台引风机运行时，应保持其出力基本一致，同时调节。
5.6.6.8 When the two ID fans are in operation, keep their outputs similar as much as
possible. If adjusting, adjust both at the same time.
5.7 锅炉运行定期工作
5.7 Periodic Tasks for Boiler Operation
5.7.1 注意事项
5.7.1 Precautions
5.7.1.1 主机试验时首先取得值长同意后,方可进行。
5.7.1.1 Firstly carry out the test operation with the assent of shit leader.
5.7.1.2 试验时,注意信号和有关数据,发现不正常情况应停止试验,联系有关部门处理,试验
后应做好记录。
5.7.1.2 Pay attention to the signal and corresponding data when carry out test, if find any
abnormal condition, immediately stop testing and contact with the relevant
department to solute, and carry out the record very well after test.
5.7.1.3 试验中,机组发生事故时应停止试验，并进行事故处理。
5.7.1.3 Stop testing and solve the problem when the unit experience accident during the
test.
5.7.1.4 试验工作如未能按规定日期进行,应写明原因，择日补做。
5.7.1.4 Clearly state the Cause and change to another day if the test can not be carried
out on regulate date.
5.7.2 试验内容及日期规定表
5.7.2 Test Contents and Required Date Table
项目名称时间备注
Items Time Remarks
机组主要运行参数每小时
Unit main operation parameters Every hour
162
热工、电气信号试验每班一次
I&C and electrical signal test Once in one shift
汽包水位计校对
每班两次
Steam drum water level gauge
Twice in one shift
calibration
汽包水位计冲洗
每10天一次
Steam drum water level gauge
Once in every 10 days
flushing
锅炉定期排污每班一次低负荷进行
Boiler periodic blowdown Once in one shift Operate with low load
锅炉点火油枪试验每班一次
Boiler igniting oil gun test Once in one shift
锅炉本体吹灰每班一次
Boiler proper sootblowing Once in one shift
空气预热器吹灰每班一次
Air heater sootblowing Once in one shift
锅炉紧急放水门活动试验两道门分别开关
每月一次
Boiler emergency discharging valve Open and close the
Once in one month
dynamic test two valves respectively
每月一次两道门分别开关
锅炉PC阀活动试验
Once in one month Open and close the
Boiler PC valve dynamic test
two valves respectively
汽包水位高低保护试验每月首次启动
Steam drum water level high First startup in every
protection and low protection test month.
大小修启动前
总联锁试验
Before major and minor
Total interlock test
overhaul startup
密封风机切换试验每月一次
Seal air fan switchover test Once in one month
火检冷却风机切换试验每月一次
Flame detector cooling air fan Once in one month

switchover test
空预器辅电机试转每次停炉前
Air heater auxiliary motor trial running Before boiler shutdown
163
引风机冷却风机切换试验每月一次
ID fan cooling air fan switchover test Once in one month
备用磨煤机切换每月4次
Standby coal mill switchover Fourth in one month
磨煤机油站油泵试验每月一次
Coal mill oil pump test (in oil station) Once in one month
5.7.3 锅炉吹灰
5.7.3 Soot blowing
5.7.3.1 为保持受热面管的外壁清洁，防止结渣，使之具有良好的传热性能，以降低排烟温
度，提高锅炉安全经济运行水平，从新机组一开始投入运行就须定期对受热面进行
吹灰。
5.7.3.1 In order to achieve good heat transfer performance of heating surface, improve
safety and economical operation level, to prevent slag formation and to reduce
the temperature of discharged flue gas, periodical soot blowing should be done as
soon as the newly built unit is put into operation.
5.7.3.2 锅炉的吹灰装置由戴蒙德电力机械（湖北）有限公司设计制造、供货。吹灰器的运
行维护按辅机运行手册执行。
5.7.3.2 The sootblowers are designed, produced and supplied by Diamond Power
Machinary (Hubei) Co., Ltd. The operation and maintenance of the sootblowers is
performed in accordance with the auxiliaries manuals
5.7.3.3 吹灰前，必须对吹灰器管路疏水暖管。
5.7.3.3 Soot blower water tubes must be heated before use.
5.7.3.4 低负荷运行时不宜吹灰，燃烧不稳定不得吹灰，停炉前进行一次吹灰。
5.7.3.4 It is inadvisable to conduct soot blowing under low load operation. If combustion is
not stable, soot blowing should not be started. However, before boiler shutdown,
one round of soot blowing should be performed.
5.7.3.5 吹灰顺序从炉膛开始，顺烟气流向直至尾部，并对侧进行。
5.7.3.5 Soot blowing starts in the furnace furnace and continue along the flue gas line into
the lower convection duct, blowing both sides simultaneously.
5.7.3.6 若发现吹灰器故障，应及时消除、使其经常处于良好状态，不允许长期搁置不用，
以防锈蚀与卡涩。
5.7.3.6 Any defects in the sootblowers should be corrected promptly to ensure they stay
in good condition. Sootblowers should be used regularly to prevent corrosion and
blockages.
5.7.3.7 投油燃烧时，空预器吹灰器应投入连续吹灰。
5.7.3.7 When firing oil, the air heater sootblowers should be used continuously.
5.7.4 锅炉排污和疏水
5.7.4 Boiler blowdown and water drainage
5.7.4.1 锅炉在正常运行中，应根据化学要求进行排污，排污操作必须遵守《电业安全规程》
164
的有关规定。
5.7.4.1 During normal operation of boiler, blowdown operation must obey the Electrical
Industry Safety Code and done in accordance with chemical requirements.
5.7.4.2 定期排污装置布置于水冷壁下联箱，根据化学要求进行定期排污。
5.7.4.2 The periodical blowdown device is installed at the lower header of the water wall.
Periodical blowdown should be conducted based on chemical requirements.
5.7.4.3 定期排污注意事项:
5.7.4.3 Precautions:
1) 经主值许可，检查排污系统无人工作；
1) Attain permission from shift leader to check there are no personnel working
within the blowdown system.
2) 排污应在锅炉运行稳定时进行；
2) Blowdown should be done when boiler operation is stable.
3) 排污前应保持较高的汽包水位；
3) Maintain a high water level in the steam drum before blowdown
4) 排污过程中锅炉发生水位事故时应立即停止排污；
4) Blowdown should be stopped if a water level-related accident occurs.
5) 排污系统有缺陷时禁止排污；
5) It is forbidden to do blowdown if the blowdown system is defective.
6) 禁止两路同时排污，排污时应严格控制排污量，以免破坏水循环；
6) Blowdown of both sides at the same time is not permitted. The blowdown
amount should be strictly controlled to guarantee water circulation.
5.7.4.4 正常情况下，连排扩容器汽侧蒸汽品质合格后，应将汽侧扩容蒸汽回收至除氧器运
行，连续排污率为 1%MCR，当炉水和蒸汽品质超标时，可根据化学要求适当增大
排污率。
5.7.4.4 Under normal conditions, if steam quality at the steam side of the continuous flash
tank is good, the steam on the steam side should be directed to the deaerator.
Continuous blowdown rate is 1%MCR. When boiler water quality and steam
quality are not up to the standards, increase blowdown rate based on chemical
requirement.
5.7.4.5 连排扩容器发生故障时，可经其旁路直接排至定期排污扩容器。
5.7.4.5 If continuous blowdown flash tank experiences a fault, the bypass can be used to
directly blowdown to the periodical flash tank.
5.7.4.6 应经常监视连排扩容器和定排扩容器压力，严防扩容器超压。
5.7.4.6 The pressure of the continuous blowdown flash tank and periodical flash tank
must be monitored frequently to avoid over-pressure.
165
6 锅炉停运
6 Boiler Shutdown
锅炉停运
停炉方式停运前准备工作停炉锅炉停运中锅炉停运后工作

注意事项
正常停炉事故停炉
Boiler Shutdown
Shutdown Preparation Shutdown Precautions Task after

methods before shutdown shutdown
Normal Emergency
shutdown shutdown
6.1 停炉方式
6.1 Shutdown Methods
1) 正常停炉：一般用于小修、大修、停炉备用等计划停炉。
1) Normal Shutdown: generally is used for repair, overhaul, and Shutdown for
standby and planed Shutdown.
2) 事故停炉：主要用于锅炉发生事故、危及人身及设备安全运行，及突发的不可
抗拒的自然灾害。
166
2) Emergency Shutdown: it is used for the boiler which has accident, threats to
personnel and equipment safety operation, and occurs some can’t resistant
neutral disaster.
3) 申请停炉：主要用于锅炉发生必须停炉处理的缺陷，但继续运行一段时间不危
及设备及人身安全时，按正常停炉步骤停炉。
3) Applied Shutdown: it is used for the boiler which solve the problem only by
Shutdown, but operate a little while is not threats to the personnel and
equipment safety, in that case, shut down the boiler follow the normal
Shutdown procedures.
6.2 停运前的准备工作
6.2 Preparation before Shutdown
1) 接到停炉命令后，通知燃料、化学、除灰除渣各岗位做好停炉准备。
1) Inform flue, chemical, and ash disposal to carry out Shutdown preparation
very well.
2) 停运前应对锅炉全面检查一次，记录缺陷。
2) Inspect the whole boiler once and make the fault records before the boiler
Shutdown.
3) 大、小修停炉前，联系燃运将原煤斗存煤调配均匀，停炉过程中将原煤斗尽量
烧空。
3) Contact the flue operator to distribute the storage coal in raw coal bunker
evenly before the boiler Shutdown to carry out the overhaul or routine repair.
In the process of Shutdown, burn out the coal in the raw coal bunker.
4) 检查燃油系统，逐个试投油枪，燃油库应备有充足燃油。
4) Check the flue oil system and try to activate every oil gun, the flue oil bunker
should be equipped with sufficient flue oil.
5) 停炉前校对上、下水位计。
5) Proof the upper and lower water meter before Shutdown.
6) 检查辅助汽源处于热备用状态，单台机组运行时，停运前启动启动锅炉运行，
启动炉正常后，辅助蒸汽由启动锅炉供给。
6) Check the auxiliary steam resource is in the thermal standby sate. When
single boiler operates, start up starter boiler before Shutdown. After the
starter boiler in normal operation, the auxiliary steam is supplied by starter
boiler.
7) 停炉前对锅炉受热面全面吹灰一次。
7) Perform the overall soot blowing once for boiler heating surface before
Shutdown.
8) 停炉前进行定期排污一次。
8) Carry out the intermittent blowdown once for boiler shutdown.
167
6.3 正常停炉
6.3 Normal Shutdown
1) 锅炉按滑参数停机曲线降温降压，
（启动曲线反向）和汽机要求进行。
1) Boiler temperature and pressure decreasing should be conducted according
to the sliding parameter shutdown curves and turbine requirements. (Reverse
to startup curve)
2) 机组滑停过程中控制。
2) The following items should be control in the process of unit sliding shutdown.
a) 锅炉减负荷变化率应控制在≤1%/min。
a) Boiler load decreasing change rate should be controlled ≤1%/min.
b) 饱和蒸汽降温速度≤1.5℃/min，主、再热蒸汽温度下降速度：＜1.5℃/min。
b) The saturated steam temperature decreasing rate should be ≤1.5℃/min,
the main steam and reheating steam should be less than 1.5℃/min.
c) 降压速度≤0.098MPa/min 主、再热蒸汽压力下降速度：＜0.098MPa/min。
c) The pressure decreasing velocity is ≤0.098MPa/min, and the main,
reheating steam pressure dropping velocity is ＜0.098MPa/min.
d) 锅筒上任意两热电偶间的温度差≤32℃，主、再热蒸汽过热度＞50℃。
d) The temperature difference between any two thermocouple on the steam
drum is ≤32℃, the main, reheating steam superheating degree is ＞50
℃.
e) 负荷降到 30%时，负荷变化率≤0.5%/min，主蒸汽降温速度≤1~2℃/min，
降压速度≤0.098MPa/min。
e) When the load decrease 30%, the load change rate is ≤0.5%/min, and
the dropping temperature velocity of main steam is ≤1~2 ℃ /min, the
pressure dropping velocity is ≤0.098MPa/min.
3) 停炉前应对锅炉进行全面检查，记录存在缺陷，待停炉后处理。
3) Give through inspection of boiler before shutting down it, recored the defects
for maintenance after shutdown.
4) 在停炉过程中，锅筒上下壁温差不允许大于 40℃，受热面金属壁温不应超过许
用值。
4) The temperature difference between upper and lower drum should not
exceed 40 ℃ during boiler shutdown and the metal temperature of heating
surfaces should not be more than the value provided.
5) 停炉过程中，蒸汽降温速度不大于 1.5℃/min。
5) Make sure the temperature dreasing rate of the steam should not exceed 1.5
℃/min during boiler shutdown.
6) 停炉过程中，锅炉应平稳地降低负荷，并密切注意炉内燃烧，在适当的时候投
入油枪，以维持炉内燃烧稳定。
6) Keep a stable load reduction, closely observe the combustion ad put the oil
168
guns into service for maintaining steady combustion during boiler shutdown.
7) 根据气温情况调节减温水两，控制降温速度，防止金属壁超温。
7) Adjust desuperheating water flow depending on tempersture to control the
temperature reduction rate in order to keep the metal temperature whthin the
range specified.
8) 根据负荷情况，适时切换给水管路，维持锅筒正常水位。
8) Switch feedwater pipelines properly to maintain a normal drum level based on
load.
9) 可将锅炉主汽温度与再热蒸汽温度控制改为手动调节。
9) It is possible to change the boiler main steam temperature and reheating into
manual adjustment.
10) 根据燃烧情况减少给煤量，如需烧空原煤斗可投入少量油枪稳燃，同时空预器
吹灰。
10) Decrease the coal feeding amount based on the combustion condition. If it is
needed to burn out the raw coal hopper, put a little oil into operation that
makes stable combustion.
11) 随着机组负荷的降低，可停止部分煤粉燃烧器运行，同时注意风量的调整。
11) With the load decreasing, the operation of part of pulverized coal burner can
be stopped, at this time pay attention to the air flow adjustment.
12) 主蒸汽温度每下降 30℃左右应稳定 5～10min 后再降温，以控制主、再热蒸汽
的温差及汽轮机的热膨胀和胀差。
12) The main steam temperature degree drops about 30℃, it should be stable for
5-10mintes, and then continue to decrease temperature. Do this for
controlling the main & reheating steam temperature difference and thermal
expansion and expansion difference of steam turbine.
13) 减负荷过程中应注意辅助汽源的切换应正常。
13) Pay attention to the switch of auxiliary steam sauce in normal condition in the
process of decreasing load.
14) 负荷降至 30%ECR 时，进行以下操作：
14) When the load drop to 30%EPR, Perform the following operations:
a) 根据汽温状况，撤出减温器运行。
a) Deactivate desuperheater based on steam temperature condition.
b) 继续减少给煤量，根据需要烧空原煤仓，同时增加油枪，满足汽温要求。
b) Continuously decrease the coal supplying amount based on the required
burning out raw coal hopper, meanwhile, put more oil guns into service to
meet temperature requirements.
c) 通知除灰专业停止电除尘器运行。
c) Inform ash removing department about stopping E.S.P.
15) 负荷＜25%时，视参数变化情况，可全停制粉系统，并对一次风管进行吹扫，
10min 后停止另一台一次风机运行。
169
15) When the load is less than 25%, it is possible to stop the coal pulverized
system and blow the primary air pipeline. After 10minutes, stop the other
primary air fan based on parameter condition.
16) 负荷减至 5%时，可停止部分油枪。
16) When the load drop to 5%， stop partial oil guns.
17) 汽机打闸后停止油枪运行，锅炉灭火，并应投入旁路系统，保护再热器。
当气压降至 2.0Mpa 以下，蒸汽温度 260-270℃，负荷到零时，锅炉熄火。熄
火后，对炉膛通风 5-10 分钟后关闭送风机和引风机。
When turbine trips, put oil guns out of service, stop boiler and put bypass
system into operation to protect reheater.
When steam pressure drops below 2.0Mpa, steam temperature between 260
and 270℃, when the load decreases to zero, boiler shutdown. Stop FD fan
and ID fan after 5-10minutes ventilation when boiler extinguishes.
17) After the steam turbine trips, put oil guns out of service and stop boiler.
Meanwhile, put the bypass system into operation for protecting reheater.
18) 锅炉灭火后，应及时关闭各油枪手动支门和来回油跳闸阀前后手动门及旁路门，
打开燃油再循环阀，泄尽炉前油母管存油后关闭。保持 30%～40%B-MCR 风
量进行炉膛吹扫 5～10min。及时调整引风机风量，维持炉膛负压-100～-50Pa，
停止一侧引、送风机运行，后停止另一侧，严密关闭各出、入口。
18) After boiler fire extinguished:
a) Immediately close manual branch valve of each oil gun, the front and
rear manual valve of supply oil trip valve and bypass valve.
b) Open fuel oil recirculation valve, and close after discharging the stored oil
in main oil pipe in front of boiler.
c) Maintain the air amount in the range of 30% to 40% of BMCR to purge
the furnace for five to ten minutes.
d) Timely adjust ID fan air amount to maintain the furnace negative
pressure in the range of -100 to -50Pa.
e) After stopping ID fan and FD fan on one side, stop the fans on the other
side.
f) Tightly close all inlet and outlet air dampers.
19) 灭火后，关闭连排、加药、取样一次门。将汽包水位上至+300mm。
锅炉熄火后，开启再热器疏水阀和对空排气阀，若炉内温度较高，压力有上升
趋势时，可短时开启旁路或过热器对空排气。
19) After boiler stops, close continuously blowdown, dosing and sampling
primary valve, and fill the steam drum water level to +300mm.
After boiler stops, open reheater drain valve and vent valve. If the furnace
temperature is high and the pressure tends to climb, open the bypass or vent
valve for superheater for a short time.
熄火后，保持锅筒水位，水位低时进行补水，严禁为了加速冷却锅筒金属壁温
而采取边排水边补水的做法。
170
After boiler shutdown, maintain drum level. Fill water in case of low level. It is
prohibited to conduct draining during filling water in order to accelerate the
cooling of drum.
20) 空预器入口烟温低于 120℃时，停止空预器运行。
20) When the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature is less than120℃, stop the
operation of air preheater.
21) 炉膛温度低于 80℃时停止火检风机运行。
21) When the furnace temperature is less than 80℃, stop the operation of flame
detecting fan.
6.4 锅炉停运中的注意事项
6.4 Boiler Shutdown Precautions
1) 停炉过程中应严密监视锅炉运行状况，增加巡回检查次数并做重点检查，发现
异常情况应准确判断，及时处理。
1) During the process of boiler Shutdown, tightly inspect the boiler operation
condition, and increase the numbers of patrol inspection and perform
important inspection. If find abnormal conditions, exactly judged it and
immediately deal with.
2) 严格控制蒸汽参数在允许范围。整个停机过程中应保证主、再热蒸汽有 50℃以
上的过热度。
2) Strictly control the steam parameter in the allowed range. In the whole
shutdown progress, ensure the superheating degree of main, reheating
steam is above 50℃.
3) 停机过程中，严密注意燃烧工况，必要时可提前投油稳燃。
3) Strictly pay attention to the combustion condition during the progress of
shutdown, activate oil and make stable combustion in advance if necessary.
4) 停炉过程中，锅筒上下壁温差不允许大于 40℃，受热面金属壁温不应超过规定
值。
根据气温情况调节减温水量，控制降温速度，防止金属管壁超温。
根据负荷情况适时切换给水管路，维持锅筒正常水位。
4) The temperature difference between upper and lower steam drum should be
less than 40 ℃, heating surface metal temperature not more than the value
specified.
Adjust the desuperating water flow depending on the temperature to control
temperature reduction rate to keep the metal temperature within normal
range.
Switch feedwater pilpline depending on load to maintain normal drum level.
5) 操作中随时注意风量的调节，给水温度的变化及水位的调整，制粉系统由上向
下逐层停运。
5) In the operation, pay attention to the adjustment of air flow, the changing of
feedwater temperature and water level adjustment. The coal pulverize
171
system should be inoperative from the upper layer to the lower.
6) 磨煤机停运时应采用程控停，否则手动按程停步骤停磨。先关闭给煤机入口闸
板，待给煤机中的煤走空后停止给煤机，关闭出口煤阀，抽空磨煤机煤粉并停
止其运行。
6) When the coal pulverizer in Shutdown operation, use the program control to
stop. Otherwise, manually stop the coal pulverizer follow the program control
procedure. Firstly, close the inlet gate plate of coal feeder, then, stop the coal
feeder, close the outlet coal valve, extract out the pulverized coal, and stop
other operations after the coal is empty in the coal feeder.
6.5 锅炉停运后的工作
6.5 Tasks after Boiler Shutdown
1) 停炉后关闭各孔门、风门和烟道挡板，禁止通风，一般停炉 4～6 小时后方可
打开引风机进、出口风门、静叶，进行自然通风冷却。18 小时后可启动引风机
通风冷却，当省煤器出口烟温＜50℃时，停止引风机。整个过程中，汽包壁温
上、下差≯40℃，内外壁温差≯28℃。
1) Close every man hole, air damper, and flue gas damper for stopping
ventilation after Shutdown. Generally, open inlet, outlet air damper, static
blade for ventilation and cooling after 4-6 hours Shutdown. Start up F.D fan
for ventilation and cooling after 18 hours, but stop I.D fan. If the economizer
outlet flue gas temperature is less than 50 ℃ . In the whole progress, the
temperature difference between the steam drum upper wall and lower wall is
≯40℃, and the temperature difference between the inner and outer wall is
≯28℃.
2) 汽包压力降至 0.172MPa 时，开启汽包空气门。
2) When the steam drum pressure drop to 0.712MPa, open steam drum air vent
valve.
3) 锅炉主汽压力降至零时，可放掉炉水，若需热炉带压放水，气压降至 0.5-0.8Mpa
时，可进行放水工作。
3) When the boiler water temperature is 90 ℃ , discharge the water without
pressure.
4) 如须进行停炉保养,则按相应保养方法的要求进行操作。
4) If need to carry out Shutdown maintenance, have to follow the corresponding
methods.
熄火后，应密切注意排烟温度的变化，防止发生尾部再燃。
6.6 锅炉停运后的保养
6.6 Boiler Maintenance after Shutdown
锅炉保养的基本原则
Basic Principles for Boiler Maintenance
不让空气进入停用锅炉的水、汽系统管道内。
172
Keep the air from entering the water and steam system pipes after boiler
shutdown.
保持停用锅炉水、汽系统金属内表面的干燥。
Keep the internal surface of metal for water and steam system dry after boiler
shutdown
在进出表面形成具有防腐蚀作用的保护膜。
A layer of anticorrosion protective membrane is formed on the inlet and outlet
surface.
使金属表面浸泡在含有除氧剂或其它保护剂的溶液中，或被气相缓蚀剂所保护。
Dip the metsl surface into the solution containing dioxidant or other protective
agent or keep it under the protection of vapor phase inhibitor.
6.6.1 短期保养（15-30 天）
6.6.1 Short-term Maintenance (15-30 days)
6.6.1.1 余热烘干法
6.6.1.1 Residual Heat Drying Method
1) 停炉后，严密关闭各个风门及档板，减少热量的损失。
1) After boiler shutdown, close all air valves and dampers tightly in order to
reduce heat losses.
2) 适当打开过热器的疏水门逐渐降低压力（降压速度小于每分钟 0.3MPa，汽包
壁温差小于 40℃）。
2) Open the drain valve of the superheater properly to reduce the pressure
gradually (the pressure reducing rated should be less than 0.3Mpa/m and the
temperature difference between the steam upper wall and lower wall should
be less than 40℃).
3) 当压力降到 0.3-0.5MPa 时，炉水温度降到 80℃时，将炉水放掉。
3) When the pressure reduce to 0.3-0.5MPa and the boiler water temperature
reduce to 80℃, discharge the boiler water.
4) 严密关闭与蒸汽、给水、疏水、放水系统连接的阀门，打开空气门及对空排汽
门。
4) Close all valves connecting to the steam pipes, feedwater pipes, drain pipes
and discharging pipes tightly and open vent valve and atmospheric relief
valve.
5) 利用玻璃片在空气门处检查烘干的情况，烘干后关闭空气门及对空排气门。
5) Put the glass plate on the vent valve to check the drying condition. Close vent
valve and atmospheric relief valve after drying.
6.6.1.2 氨液保养法
6.6.1.2 Ammonia Solution Protection Method
1) 控制炉水氨浓度为：
用凝结水或除盐水配置的为 500-600mg/L；
173
用软化水配置的为 800-1000mg/L；
含盐量小于 150mg/L；氨离子小于 45mg/L
1) The ammonia concentration of boiler water should be controlled as follows
Condensate or demineralized water: 500-600mg/L;
Soft water: 800-1000mg/L;
Salt content <150mg/L;
Chloride ion <45mg/L
2) 严密关闭与蒸汽、给水、疏水、放水系统连接的阀门及仪表的阀门；经常保持
满水状态及定期测量炉水含氨的浓度。
2) Close valves connected to the steam, feed water, drain water, and discharge
water systems and valves in instrument tightly; keep full water state regularly
and measure the ammonia concentration of boiler water periodically.
3) 注意防止氨液进入汽轮机。
3) Pay more attention to avoid the ammonia solution entering into the turbine.
6.6.2 长期保养（30 天以上）
6.6.2 Long-term Maintenance (more than 30 days)
6.6.2.1 充氮保护法
6.6.2.1 Nitrogen Filling Protection Method
1) 炉水全部排放干净并清除污垢。
1) Discharge boiler water completely and clean all fouling.
2) 严密关闭各个门孔,使其于外界隔离。
2) Close all holes tightly to make it isolated.
3) 将氮气从汽包充入，压力维持 0.02-0.05MPa，氮气纯度 98%以上。
3) Fill the nitrogen through steam drum, keep the pressure at the range of
0.02-0.05MPa, and the nitrogen concentration >98%.
6.6.2.2 干燥剂防腐法
6.6.2.2 Drying Agent Anti-Corrosion Method
1) 清除锅炉内部的水垢，铁锈杂物，并将其清理干净。
1) Remove boiler scale, rust and other impurities and clear up.
2) 放净炉内的存水。
2) Discharge boiler residual water completely.
3) 将盛有干燥剂的无盖容器放入汽包及集箱内。
3) Put the drying agent container without cover in steam drum and headers.
4) 干燥剂可以采用无水氯化钙或生石灰，数量为无水氯化钙 1-2kg/m3，生石灰
2-3kg/m3。
4) Anhydrous calcium chloride or quick lime can be adopted; the quantity of
anhydrous calcium chloride is 1-2kg/m3, and the quantity of quick lime is
174
2-3kg/m3
5) 每月检查数次，及时更换失效的干燥剂。
5) Check several times every month, and replace the ineffective drying agent
timely.
175
7 事故处理
7 Trouble-shooting
7.1 事故处理通则
7.1 Trouble-shooting Principle
1) 事故发生时，应按“保人身、保电网、保设备”的原则迅速按规程规定正确处理。
1) When there is emergency, it should be treated correctly according to the
principle “protect lives, protect grid, protect equipment”.
2) 机组发生故障时，各值班人员应坚守岗位，根据故障象征及时查明原因、故障
范围，并及时进行处理和向上一级值班人员汇报。当故障危及人身或设备安全
时，值班人员应迅速果断解除对人身、设备的危险，事后应立即向上一级值班
人员汇报。
2) When the unit has fault, every personnel on duty should stick to their
positions. It should find out the Cause and fault range according to the fault
symbol and report to the superior personnel on duty and work out solutions in
time. When the fault threatens lives or equipment safety, the personnel on
duty should quickly work out ways to get rid of threaten on lives and
equipments. After the emergency, they should report to the superior
personnel on duty.
3) 故障发生时，所有值班人员应在值长的统一指挥下，按照规程中的有关规定及
时正确地处理故障；值长应及时将故障情况通知非故障机组或单元，使全厂各
岗位做好事故预想，以防事故扩大；并判明故障性质和设备情况以决定是否可
以再启动恢复运行。
3) When there is fault, all personnel on duty should guided by the shift leader
and shoot the trouble rightfully in time according to relevant rules in
regulations; the shift leader should inform the trouble to non-fault unit to allow
other positions in the power plant to make emergency forecast so as not to
worse the trouble; at the same time, they should make judgment on fault
feature and equipment condition to decide whether it should started up again
and restored the operation.
4) 非当值人员到达故障现场时，未经当值值班人员同意，不得私自进行操作或处
理。
4) When the personnel who is not on duty reaches to the emergency field, it is
not allowed for him to operate or shoot the trouble privately.
5) 发生故障时，值班员外出检查和寻找故障点时，集控室值班员在未与其取得联
系之前，无论情况如何紧急，不允许将被检查的设备强行送电启动。
5) There is fault and the operator goes out for inspection and looks for fault point,
but the control room operator fails in contacting with him. Therefore, it is not
allowed to force the equipment under inspection to supply power and start up
whatever the emergency it is.
6) 当事故危及厂用电时，应在保证人身和设备安全的基础上隔离故障点，尽力设
法保住厂用电源。
6) When the accident threatens service power, the fault point should be isolated
on the base of life security and equipment safety to save the service power
176
as mush as possible.
7) 在交接班期间发生故障时，应停止交接班由交班人员进行处理，接班人员可在
交班人员同意后协助处理，事故处理告一段落后再进行交接班。
7) If trouble occurs during shift handover, stop handover immediately. Problems
should be handled by the previous shift. The personnel from the new shift can
help to remove the trouble after permission of personnel from the old shift.
After a short period of stable operation, shift handover can be completed.
8) 对于没有规定的事故象征，应根据自己的所学知识和经验进行分析判断正确处
理同时尽可能向上一级汇报。
8) For the accidents that do not have any regulations, they should be analyzed
and decided based on knowledge and experience. At the same time, report
the accidents to superior department as soon as possible.
9) 事故消除后，运行人员应将事故发生的时间、地点、现象、原因、经过及处理
方法详细地记录在值班记录本上。班后应认真地总结、分析并从中吸取经验教
训。
9) After troubles are removed, operators should make a detailed record of the
accident occurring time, places, phenomenon, causes, and elimination
methods in the shift log. After the shift, personnel are required to summarize
and analyze the accident and learn some lessons from it.
7.2 机组的紧急停运和故障停运
7.2 Unit Emergency Shutdown and Faulty Shutdown
7.2.1 锅炉紧急停运
7.2.1 Boiler Emergency Shutdown
7.2.1.1 遇有下列情况之一，操作员应手动紧急停止锅炉运行（手动 MFT）
7.2.1.1 If any conditions as follows happen, the operator should manually stop boiler
operating immediately (manual MFT)
1）锅筒水位超过+200、-230mm 时。
1) Steam drum water level exceeds +200、-230mm
2）锅炉所有水位计损坏时，无法监视正常水位时。
2) All boiler water level indicators are damaged, and no other ways to monitor
the normal level.
3）过热蒸汽、再热蒸汽管道，主给水管道发生爆破时。
3) The superheated steam, reheated steam and main feedwater pipes explode
4）尾部发生在燃烧时。
4) There present burning at rear part of flue gas duct
5）锅炉压力升高到安全门动作压力，而所有安全门拒动。
5) All safety valves refuse to actuate when the boiler pressure increases as high
as actuation pressure.
177
6）炉管爆破不能维持正常水位时。
6) Unable to maintain normal level due to pipe explosion.
7）锅炉灭火时。
7) Furnace flame extinguishes
8）再热器气源中断时。
8) Steam source of reheater is interrupted
9）炉膛负压达 1666Pa。
9) Furnace negative pressure reaches as high as 1666Pa
7.2.1.2 MFT 自动紧急停炉条件
7.2.1.2 MFT auto emergency shutdown conditions
以下任一条件满足，将触发锅炉 MFT：
If any of the following conditions is satisfied, it will trigger boiler MFT:
1) 引风机全停
1) All ID fans stop
2) 送风机全停
2) All FD fans stop
3) 空预器全停
3) All air prehesters stop
4) 给水泵全停延时 2S
4) All feedwater pumps stop, MFT actuates in 2s delay
5) 锅炉风量<30%，三取二产生。该信号持续 3s；
5) Two-out- of -three signals for boiler air flow below 30% lasts 3s
6) 炉膛压力高高，硬接线输入，三取二产生。延时 2s；
6) Two-out- of -three signals for furnace pressure HH and hardwired input delay
for 2s.
7) 炉膛压力低低，硬接线输入，三取二产生。延时 2s；
7) Two-out- of -three signals for furnace pressure LL and hardwired input delay
for 2s.
8) 火检冷却风丧失，两台火检冷却风机全部跳闸且燃料投入，延时 200s。
8) The cooling air for flame detection losts, two flame detection cooling fans trip
and fuel is available, delay 200s to actuate MFT.
9) 火检冷却风压力低低，硬接线输入，三取二产生，且燃料投入，延时 200s。
9) Two-out- of -three signals for flame detection air pressure LL and hardwired
input and fuel is available, delays for 200s.
10) 汽机跳闸且锅炉负荷>30％
10) Turbine trips and boiler load above 30%
178
11)运行人员跳闸（2 个 MFT 按钮同时按下）
；
11) Manual trip (two MFT buttons pressed down together)
12) 再热器保护跳闸，包含三层含义，任一条件满足即可；
当汽机跳闸，并且任一高低压旁路减压阀的阀位低于 5%，同时以下任一条件满
足：
燃料量＞20%
12) Reheater protection trip contains three conditions. Any one of them is met, trip
happens.
When turbine trips and any one of the HP bypass reducing valves is lower than
5%, if the one of the following conditions is available:
Fuel flow＞20%
任一给煤机运行
Any coal feeder in service
信号延时 10s。
Signal delays for 10s.
13)延时点火：当任一点火油枪均不在投用状态，在 MFT 复位后(初次点火允许)，
同时进油快关阀全开，15 分钟之内炉膛没有建立第一个火焰；
13)Delay ignition: when no oil gun is not in service, MFT resets (first time ignition
permit) and quick closing valves of inlet oil pipe are fully opened, no furnace
flame established within 15 minutes.
14) MFT 复位后，3 次点火失败；
14) After MFT reset, fail to ignite successfully three times
15) 2 台一次风机跳闸且任一煤层投运和无启动油运行；
15)2 primary air fanstrip and any one layer of coal is available and no startup oil is
used.
16) 失去全部燃料
16) All fuel lost
当以下条件满足时，认为失去全部燃料：
The fuel is considered to be lost if the following conditions are met
失去油燃料：进油快关阀全关；或所有油角阀全关
Loss of oil: all the quick closing valves for oil inlet are closed or all oil angle valves
closed.
失去煤燃料：所有给煤机停；或所有磨煤机停
Loss of coal: all coal feeders or all mills stop
该条件还要“与”上“有燃烧器投运记忆”信号。即在停炉时不认为失去全部燃料；
When all the conditions mentioned above and signal of burner putting into service
are met, it is considered that all fuel is lost during boiler shutdown.
179
17) 失去全部火焰：在油枪投运或任意煤层投运前提下，所有煤层油层火检无火；
17)Loss of all flames: all layers of coal present no flame before oil guns are put
into service or any layer is in service.
18) 再热器出口温度高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
18)Two-out- of -three signals for reheater outlet temperature HH delay for 5s.
19) 过热器出口温度高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
19) Two-out- of -three signals for superheater outlet temperature HH delay for 5s.
20) 主蒸汽压力高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
20) Two-out- of -three signals for main steam pressure HH delay for 5s.
21) 汽包水位高高，三取二产生，延时 5s；
21) Two-out- of -three signals for steam drum level HH delay for 5s.
22) 汽包水位低低，三取二产生，延时 5s。
22) Two-out- of -three signals for steam drum level HH delay for 5s.
7.2.1.3 MFT 动作后联锁跳闸设备
7.2.1.3 Interlock trip equipment after MFT action
当 MFT 发生后，联锁以下设备动作：
When MFT actuates, the following equipment will actuate by interlock:
跳闸 MFT 硬继电器
Relays trip
跳闸所有油燃烧器
All oil burners trip
包括：1 所有点火枪直接切除退出并禁止点火（不吹扫）
Including: 1 all firing guns are out of service and retreated(no bolowing)
2 所有油角阀、
2 all oil angle valves
关闭所有进油快关阀
Close all quicl closing valves for oil inlet
跳闸所有磨煤机
All mills trip
跳闸所有给煤机
All coal feeders trip
关闭所有磨煤机出口关断门
Close all mill outlet shut off valves
关闭所有磨煤机冷、热风关断门
Close all mill cold and hot air shut off valves
180
跳闸所有一次风机
All primary air fans trip
关闭一级减温水隔离门
Close primary desuperheating water isolating valve
关闭二级减温水隔离门
Close secondary desuperheaiting water isolating valve
关闭再热器减温水隔离门
Close reheater desuperheating water isolating valve
关闭事故减温水隔离门
Close emergency desupherheating water isolating valve
二次风挡板置于吹扫位置
Secondary air damper is in blowing position
送 MFT 指令至 ETS、旁路、吹灰、除尘系统
Send MFT signal to ETS, bypass, sootblower and dust removing system
切送、引风自动，送引风按预定方案动作静叶、液偶；送风机、引风机、空预器全停
引起的 MFT 要全停送、引风机，并将锅炉置于自然通风状态。延时 1min,自然通风
保持 15min{自然通风结果：开送风机 A、B 出口挡板（脉冲），开引风机 A、B 出口
挡板 A/B，开引风机 A、B 进口挡板 A/B}[MCS、SCS 处理]
当 MFT 条件出现时软件会送出相应的信号来跳闸相关的设备
Switch ID fan and FD fan into auto, the air will actuate the stationary blade,
hydraulic coupler as design; the MFT actuation caused by the stopping of FD fan,
ID fan and air preheater can be solved by stopping FD fan and ID fan and put boiler
in natural ventilation. one minute delay needs to keep natural ventilation for
15minutes (result of natural ventilation:open FD fan A and B outlet
dampers(impulse), open ID fan A and B outlet dampers A/B, open ID fan Aand B
outlet damper A/B)(MCS,SCS)
In case of MFT, relevant sofeware will send signal to trip related equipment.
7.2.1.4 MFT 动作后，手动操作原则
7.2.1.4 Manual operating principle after MFT action
1) 检查所有进入炉内的燃料确已切断。
1) Check all fuels entering the furnace has been cut off.
2) 检查空气预热器运行正常。
2) Check air preheater operates normally.
3) 检查火焰检测冷却风机运行正常。
3) Check flame detecting cooling fan operates normally.
4) 停止吹灰器运行，检查吹灰器全部退出。
4) Stop soot blower operating and check all soot blowers have been out of service.
181
5) 控制汽包水位正常。
5) The steam drum water level control l is normal.
6) 炉膛出口温度＞540℃时，应及时开启旁路保护再热器，低旁不允许开启时，可
开启高旁和再热器向空排汽。
6) When furnace temperature ＞ 540 ℃ , open the bypass protection reheater in
time. When the low bypass is not allowed to open, open high bypass and
reheater atmospheric steam discharging.
7) 复位跳闸转机开关。
7) Reset the tripped interchangeable BREAKER.
8) 查明事故原因并尽快消除。
8) Find out fault Cause and shoot the trouble soon.
9) 全面检查设备，准备重新启动。
9) Take an overall inspection on equipment and prepare for startup again.
10) 吹扫炉膛。
10) Furnace purging
11) 如动作原因短时间内难以消除，应停止通风，关闭各风门、挡板，密闭炉膛。
11) If the action Cause cannot eliminated in a short time, ventilation should be
stopped. Every air valve and damper should be closed. The furnace should
be sealed.
7.2.2 锅炉故障申请停运条件
7.2.2 Boiler Faulty Shutdown Application Conditions
7.2.2.1 锅炉给水、炉水及蒸汽品质严重恶化时超过标准许可值,经多方处理无效。
7.2.2.1 Boiler feedwater, boiler water and steam quality become worse and exceed
permitted values and cannot be solved by various departments.
7.2.2.2 锅炉承压部件泄漏无法消除时。
7.2.2.2 Pressure parts leakages cannot be fixed.
7.2.2.3 锅炉严重结焦、堵灰无法维持正常运行时。
7.2.2.3 Severe slagging or ash blockages prevent normal operation.
7.2.2.4 所有远方水位计均损坏时。
7.2.2.4 All remote water gauges are damaged.
7.2.2.5 受热面金属严重超温，经调整及降负荷处理均无法恢复正常时。
7.2.2.5 Excessive temperature of the metal heating surface cannot be removed after
adjustment and load lowering.
7.2.2.6 两台电除尘器故障无法在短时间恢复。
7.2.2.6 Two ESPs in failure cannot be repaired in short time.
7.2.2.7 控制气源失去，短时间无法恢复。
7.2.2.7 Control air source is lost and cannot be restored in short time.
182
7.2.2.8 运行中一台空预器故障跳闸，短时间无法恢复。
7.2.2.8 One air heater fails and trips during operation and it cannot be fixed in short time.
7.2.2.9 炉顶严重泄漏，吊杆超温、烧红时。
7.2.2.9 Boiler top has severe leakage while the suspending hanger suffers excessive
temperature and is burnt.
7.2.2.10 锅炉安全阀有缺陷不能正常动作时。
7.2.2.10 Defects on safety valve cause abnormal action.
7.3 机组甩负荷时锅炉的处理
7.3 Boiler Operation During Unit Load Shedding
7.3.1 现象
7.3.1 Description
7.3.1.1 机组负荷、主汽流量剧减，主汽压力急剧升高，严重时 PCV 阀、安全门动作；
7.3.1.1 The unit load and main steam flux decrease dramatically. The main steam
pressure rise greatly; when it is too serious, PCV valve and safety valve act.
7.3.1.2 汽包水位瞬时下降后上升；
7.3.1.2 The steam drum water level decreases instantly and then rises;
7.3.1.3 主汽温和再热汽温升高。
7.3.1.3 The main steam temperature and reheated steam temperature rise.
7.3.2 原因
7.3.2 Causes
7.3.2.1 电气系统故障；
7.3.2.1 The electric system has fault;
7.3.2.2 汽轮机或发电机故障发生 FCB（快速切回负荷）工况；
7.3.2.2 The steam turbine or generator has fault with FCB working condition;
7.3.2.3 辅机故障，发生 RB 工况。
7.3.2.3 There is RB working condition with auxiliary machine fault.
7.3.3 处理
7.3.3 Solutions
7.3.3.1 将机组各自动切为手动，视负荷下降程度迅速减弱燃烧，必要时投油稳燃；
7.3.3.1 Switch unit every auto mode into manual mode; weaken combustion according to
the load decreasing degree; and put oil into service for stable combustion if
necessary;
7.3.3.2 适当减少给水量维持正常水位，并尽量维持汽温、汽压的正常；
7.3.3.2 Reduce the feed water amount appropriately to maintain normal water level as
well as maintain steam temperature and steam pressure normal;
183
7.3.3.3 若汽压超出 PCV 阀、安全门的动作值而未动作时，应立即手操泄压，并联系开启
高、低压旁路；
7.3.3.3 If the steam pressure exceeds PCV valve and safety valve action value which still
does not act, the pressure should be relived manually. Meanwhile, the HP and LP
bypass should also be open.
7.3.3.4 若负荷到０，高低压旁路能正常投运，可根据值长命令维持锅炉低负荷运行；若旁
路不能投运，则手动 MFT 紧急停运；
7.3.3.4 If the load is zero and HP and LP bypass can be put into service normally, the
boiler low load operation can be continued according to the order from the shift
leader; if the bypass cannot be put into service, emergency shutdown should be
executed manually;
7.3.3.5 做好恢复准备，当故障消除时，可按热态开炉要求操作。
7.3.3.5 Prepare well for recovery; when the trouble is shot, it can be operated according
to thermal state opening startup boiler requirements.
7.4 锅炉燃烧系统故障
7.4 Boiler Combustion System Faults
7.4.1 锅炉灭火
7.4.1 Boiler Flameout
7.4.1.1 现象
7.4.1.1 Description
1) 炉膛负压突然增大并报警(CRT，BMS 辅助盘)
1) The furnace vacuum increases suddenly and alarms(on CRT and BMS
assistant panel);
2) CRT、BMS 插件板火焰检测器无火焰，火焰监视电视无火焰；
2) There is no flame in flame detector of CRT and BMS cards; the flame
monitoring TV also has no flame;
3) 汽温、汽压急剧下降，炉膛氧量迅速升高；
3) Steam temperature and steam pressure decrease dramatically while the
furnace oxygen rises quickly;
4) 汽包水位瞬时下降而后急剧升高；
4) The steam drum water level decreases instantly first and then rises greatly;
5) MFT 动作，并显示出首次跳闸原因；
5) MFT acts and displays the first trip Cause;
6) 一次风机、磨煤机、给煤机跳闸，燃料油自动切断，发“OFT”。
6) The primary fan, pulverizer and cola feeder trip, fuel oil cuts off automatically
and sends “OFT”.
7.4.1.2 原因
7.4.1.2 Causes
184
1) 运行中的重要辅机电源中断，6KV 电机跳闸，BMS 电源中断，致使锅炉保护
动作；
1) Some key auxiliary machine power is interrupted in operation; 6KV motor
trips; BMS power breaks so that boiler protection acts.
2) 燃烧自动失灵，操作不当等原因造成炉膛负压过大；
2) Too much furnace vacuum is caused by combustion auto has malfunction or
the operation is not appropriate;
3) 锅炉吹灰、打焦、除灰操作不当，使炉膛进入大量水蒸汽或冷风；
3) Boiler sootblowing, coke removing or ash removing operations are not
appropriate so that a lot of water steam or cold air entering into furnace;
4) 全投油或投油量较多时，油质差，油枪雾化不好，油压低、油系统故障，仪表
气源中断；
4) Put all oil into service, or the oil amount which is put into service is too much;
oil quality is bad; oil gun atomization is bad; oil pressure is low; oil system has
fault; and instrument air source breaks.
5) 煤质差或煤种变化大，燃烧恶化，未能及时发现和调整燃烧；
5) The coal quality is bad or the coal types are changing, the combustion go bad
and this Description is not found and adjusted timely.
6) 炉长时间低负荷运行，炉膛温度低，燃烧调整不当；
6) The boiler is under low load operation for a long time; the furnace
temperature is low and combustion adjustment is not appropriate.
7) 启、停风机操作不当；
7) Startup or shutdown operations of fans are not appropriate;
8) 启、停制粉系统操作不当或制粉系统运行方式不当；
8) Startup or shutdown operations of pulverizing system are not appropriate or
pulverizing system operating mode is not appropriate;
9) 制粉系统发生故障；
9) Pulverizing system has fault;
10) 水冷壁、过热器、再热器发生严重损坏；
10) Water wall, superheater and reheater have serious damage;
11) 炉内结渣严重，并发生大面积掉焦现象；
11) The furnace coking is serious and there is coke falling off with a lot of area;
12) 灭火保护装置故障，误发保护信号。
12) The flameout protection device has fault and sends the signal by mistake.
7.4.1.3 处理
7.4.1.3 Solutions
1) 确认锅炉灭火 MFT 应动作，否则应手动 MFT，并确认已全部切断进入炉膛的
燃料，否则立即手动切除；
185
1) The boiler flame is out and MFT should activate, otherwise, manual MFT.
Besides, make sure all fuel supplying to the furnace has been cut off,
otherwise, cut off manually.
2) 将自动方式全部切至手动，加强水位监视和调整，关闭各减温水总阀；
2) Switch all auto modes into manual modes; intensify water level supervision
and adjustment; and close every desuperheating water total valve.
3) 复置跳闸转机开关；
3) Reset the trip changeover switch.
4) 查明原因并消除后，进行炉膛吹扫，待吹扫完成后，重新点火启动，禁止采用
爆燃法点火。
4) Find out the Cause and eliminate it; carry out furnace purging; after purging,
ignite again and start up; it is not allowed to adopt explosion method for
ignition.
5) 如受热面发生损坏，停炉后禁止重新启动，联系检修处理。
5) If the heating surface is damaged, it is forbidden to start up again after boiler
shutdown. The maintenance personnel should be contacted for solutions.
7.4.2 锅炉尾部烟道二次燃烧
7.4.2 Boiler Secondary Combustion in Rear Flue Gas Duct.
7.4.2.1 现象
7.4.2.1 Description
1) 尾部烟道二次燃烧部位及以后烟温急剧升高；
1) The temperature at back-end duct secondary combustion part and the part
back of it increase dramatically;
2) 炉膛及烟道内负压剧烈摆动或变正；
2) The furnace or flue gas duct vacuum sway greatly or become positive;
3) 烟囱冒黑烟，炉膛氧量减小；
3) There is black smoke from the stack and furnace oxygen content decreases;
4) 省煤器出口水温、蒸汽温度，热风温度不正常的升高；
4) The economizer outlet water temperature, steam temperature and hot air
temperature increase abnormally;
5) 空预器部位发生二次燃烧时其电流摆动大，火灾监视系统动作，关闭入口烟气
门，空预器跳闸；
5) There is secondary combustion in air preheater and its current sways greatly;
the fire monitoring system acts; the inlet flue gas valve should be closed and
air preheater trips;
6) 排烟温度急剧升高
6) The exhaust flue gas temperature rises dramatically.
7) 严重时，从引风机轴封和烟道不严密处向外冒烟或喷火星，引风机轴承温度升
高。
186
7) When it is serious, there will be smoke or sparkle emitting from ID fan gland
seal or flue gas leaking place; and ID fan bearing temperature rises.
7.4.2.2 原因
7.4.2.2 Causes
1) 燃烧调整不当，风粉配合不好或风量不足；
1) The combustion adjustment is not appropriate; the ratio between air and
pulverized coal is not good or air amount is not enough;
2) 煤粉细度不合格，水分大，燃烧不完全；
2) The fineness of pulverized coal is not qualified; water content is great and
combustion is not complete;
3) 长时间低负荷运行，炉膛温度低，烟速低；
3) Low load operation for a long time; low furnace temperature and low flue gas
viscosity;
4) 燃烧器摆角调节不当，造成炉内火焰中心高度升高；
4) The swaying angle of burner is not appropriate which causes the furnace
flame center height rising;
5) 长时间油、粉混烧，油枪雾化不良；
5) The oil and pulverized coal burn together for a long time and oil gun
atomization is not good;
6) 锅炉灭火后，炉膛清扫时间短；
6) After boiler flameout, the furnace cleaning time is short;
7) 长期未认真进行尾部烟道、空预器区域连续吹灰。
7) Continuous soot blowing is not carried out in lower convection pass and air
heater area for a long time.
7.4.2.3 处理
7.4.2.3 Solutions
1) 轻微的二次燃烧时，排烟温度不正常的升高 20℃以内时，应立即检查各段烟温，
判断二次燃烧位置并进行蒸汽吹灰；
1) When there is slight secondary combustion and exhaust flue gas temperature
rises within 20 ℃ abnormally, the temperature at every section should be
checked to judge the secondary combustion location for carrying out steam
purging;
2) 停止上部燃烧器运行，降低火焰中心位置；
2) Stop upper burner operating and decrease the flame center location;
3) 增加减温水量控制过热蒸汽、再热蒸汽温度；
3) Increase desuperheating water amount to control the superheated steam and
reheated steam temperature;
4) 汇报值长降低机组负荷；
4) Report to the shift leader to reduce the unit load;
187
5) 油粉混烧情况下，调节油枪的雾化，或停止煤粉燃烧器运行；
5) Under the circumstance of oil and pulverized coal burning together, adjust the
oil gun atomization or stop pulverized coal burner operating;
6) 二次燃烧严重时，排烟温度急剧升高时紧急停炉；
6) When the secondary combustion is serious, the exhaust flue gas temperature
will increase dramatically so it needs emergency shutdown;
7) 运行中严禁用减风的方法降低汽温；
7) It is forbidden to reduce the steam temperature via decreasing the air
amount;
8) 停炉后停止所有引、送风机，关闭所有风门挡板，密闭炉膛；
8) After boiler shutdown, stop all ID fans and FD, and close all air dampers and
seal the furnace;
9) 投入烟道蒸汽吹灰器，以及预热器灭火和吹灰器；
9) Put flue gas duct steam soot blower into service as well as the preheater fire
extinguishment and soot blower;
10) 检查尾部烟道各段烟温正常后，开启检查孔，确认无火源，谨慎启动引风机冷
却通风；
10) Check back-end flue gas duct every section temperature is normal. Open the
inspection hole. Confirm that there is no fire source and start up ID fan
cooling ventilation carefully;
11) 点火前应充分干燥空预器，以防堵灰；
11) Before ignition, dry the air preheater to avoid ash deposit;
12) 检查设备无损坏时，请示值长点火启动。
12) Check the equipment has no damage and ask the shift leader for permission
of ignition and startup.
7.4.3 炉膛压力低
7.4.3 Low Furnace Pressure
7.4.3.1 现象
7.4.3.1 Description
1) 炉膛压力低声光信号报警（CRT、辅助盘、BMS 插件板）
；
1) Light and sound signal alarm on CRT, auxiliary panel and BMS circuit board
because of low furnace pressure;
2) 各风压表指示异常低；
2) Every air pressure meter indication is abnormally low;
3) 炉膛压力低至-1960Pa 时 MFT 动作。
3) MFT activates automatically when furnace pressure decreases to -1960Pa;
7.4.3.2 原因
7.4.3.2 Causes
188
1) 部分或全部制粉系统故障；
1) Part of or whole pulverizing system have fault;
2) 部分或全部一次风机、送风机、空预器故障；
2) Part of or whole primary fans, FD fans and air preheater have fault;
3) 锅炉灭火；
3) Boiler flameout;
4) 炉膛负压自动控制系统失灵；
4) The furnace vacuum auto control system has malfunction;
5) 送风机动叶、一次风机入口挡板、空预器一、二次风挡板关闭。
5) FD fan moving blade, primary fan inlet damper, air preheater primary and
secondary air damper is closed.
7.4.3.3 处理
7.4.3.3 Solutions
1) 如锅炉未灭火，炉膛负压未达到 MFT 动作值，控制炉膛负压；
1) If the boiler flame is not out and the furnace vacuum has not reached MFT
action value, control the furnace vacuum;
2) 投入油燃烧器，稳定燃烧；
2) Put oil burners and stabilize the combustion;
3) 控制汽温、水位正常；
3) Control the steam temperature and water level normal;
4) 如为炉膛负压控制系统失灵，应立即将其切手动，手动调整使炉膛负压恢复正
常；
4) If the furnace vacuum control system has malfunction, switch it manually to
restore the furnace vacuum normal;
5) 如锅炉灭火或炉膛负压保护动作时按 MFT 动作处理，否则手动 MFT；
5) If there is boiler flameout or furnace vacuum protection acts, they can be
treated via MFT action; otherwise, manual MFT is also available;
6) 如属辅机故障引起，应迅速查明原因，加以消除，恢复机组正常运行，如无法
消除且机组无法运行时，申请停炉。
6) If it is caused by auxiliary fault, find out the Cause quickly and eliminate it.
Afterwards, restore the unit normal operation. If it cannot be eliminated and
the unit cannot operate, it can apply for shutdown.
7.4.4 炉膛压力高
7.4.4 High furnace pressure
7.4.4.1 现象
7.4.4.1 Problems
1) 炉膛压力高声光信号报警（CRT、辅助盘、BMS 插件板）
；
189
1) Light and sound signal alarm on CRT, auxiliary panel and BMS circuit board
because of high furnace pressure;
2) 各风压表指示异常高；
2) Indication of each air pressure gauge is high;
3) 炉膛压力低至 1960Pa 时，MFT 动作。
3) MFT acts automatically when furnace pressure decreases to +1960Pa;
7.4.4.2 原因
7.4.4.2 Causes
1) 引风机出入口档板，烟气档板门关；
1) Outlet/inlet damper of ID fan and flue gas damper are closed;
2) 引风机跳闸而未联动送风机跳闸；
2) ID fan trips but does not cause interlock trip of FD fan;
3) 启动制粉系统时操作不当；
3) Improper operation during startup of pulverizing system;
4) 机组燃烧不稳定，局部爆燃；
4) Combustion is not uniform and stable;
5) 炉膛负压自动系统故障；
5) Auto control system for furnace negative pressure fails;
6) 炉膛负压控制不当；
6) Improper control of furnace negative pressure;
7) 烟道发生二次燃烧；
7) Secondary combustion in flue gas duct;
8) 水冷壁或过热器、再热器泄漏。
8) Water wall, superheater or reheater leaks;
7.4.4.3 处理
7.4.4.3 Solutions
1) 如未达到 MFT 动作值时，应及时控制炉膛负压在正常范围内；
1) If MFT activation point has not been reached, adjust to keep furnace negative
pressure within normal range.
2) 控制汽温、汽压、水位正常；
2) Make sure steam temperature, steam pressure and water level are in normal
range.
3) 如为炉膛压力自动故障，立即切为手动，手动调整炉膛负压使其在规定值；
3) If furnace pressure auto control fails, immediately change to manual mode so
as to keep the furnace negative pressure within the prescribed range.
4) 如为辅机故障或各风门挡板故障引起，应及时调整，并查明原因加以消除；
190
4) If it caused by auxiliary equipment fault or air damper fault, adjust in time and
handle the problem.
5) 如炉膛负压保护动作时发“MFT”紧急停炉，否则应手动 MFT。
5) If furnace negative pressure protection is activated, MFT should be activated
automatically. Activate manually if necessary.
7.4.5 锅炉结焦
7.4.5 Boiler Coking
7.4.5.1 现象
7.4.5.1 Description
1) 水冷壁结焦：
1) Water Wall Coking:
a) 炉膛看火孔、检查孔处有焦渣悬挂。
a) There are coking suspending on fire sight hole and inspecting hole.
b) 炉膛出口烟温、排烟温度及主、再汽温升高，减温水流量增大。
b) Furnace outlet flue gas temperature, exhaust flue gas temperature, the
main steam temperature, the reheated steam temperature and the
desuperheating water flow increase.
c) 冷灰斗有大焦块坠落。
c) Cold ash hopper has big falling coking.
2) 过热器结焦：
2) Superheater Coking:
a) 两侧烟温差增大，流通侧烟温升高。
a) The flue gas temperature on two sides increase and the flue gas
temperature on flowing side increase.
b) 两侧蒸汽温度偏差大，流通侧管壁温度高甚至超过极限允许值，结焦侧管
壁温度偏低。
b) The steam temperature deviation on two sides is big, the wall
temperature on flowing side exceeds limit value and the wall temperature
on coking side is too low.
7.4.5.2 原因
7.4.5.2 Causes
1) 燃煤质量差，灰熔点低。
1) Fuel coal quality is bad and the ash fusion point is low.
2) 风量不足燃烧不完全。
2) The air amount is insufficient and the combustion is incomplete.
3) 燃烧调整不当使火焰中心上移或火焰偏斜，炉膛内温度场分配不均。
3) The combustion adjustment is improper so that the flame center move
upward or the flame center deviate and the furnace temperature are uneven.
191
4) 锅炉长期超负荷运行，燃烧热强度过大，炉膛出口温度增高。
4) The boiler runs with overload for a long term, the combustion thermal
intensity is too big and the furnace outlet temperature increase.
5) 吹灰器故障或未进行吹灰。
5) The sootblower has faults or the sootblowing is not carried out.
7.4.5.3 结焦的预防和处理
7.4.5.3 Coking Prevention and Solutions
1) 加强燃烧调整，合理配比一、二次风量，尤其是在大负荷运行或燃用灰熔点低
的煤种时，更应该加强燃烧调整和加强检查，防止结焦。
1) Adjust the combustion carefully, distribute the primary air and secondary air
properly, especially when the unit runs with big load or uses the coal with low
ash fusion point, the combustion should be adjusted much more carefully and
the inspections also should be noticed to avoid coking
2) 当发现有结焦时，应进行全面彻底的吹灰。
2) When there are coking, the soot blowing should be carried out completely
and thoroughly.
3) 通过调整燃烧器摆角和一、二次风速，降低火焰中心，适当增加过剩空气量。
3) Drop the flame center and increase the excess air amount properly through
adjusting the burner swing angle and primary air and secondary air velocity.
4) 保持合适的煤粉细度，控制一次风量。
4) Keep the pulverized coal fineness proper and control the primary air amount.
5) 在稳定燃烧工况下汇报值长暂时降低负荷，使炉膛温度降低而自然掉焦。
5) Under the stable combustion working condition, report to the shift leader to
reduce the load temporarily to make the furnace temperature decrease and
the coking fall.
6) 经处理后锅炉结焦严重，无法维持参数正常运行或过热器管壁温度超过允许值，
应申请停炉。
6) After taking measures, the boiler coking condition is still serious, the normal
parameters can not be kept and the superheater wall temperature exceeds
the permissible value, apply for boiler shutdown.
7.5 锅炉水位事故
7.5 Boiler Water Level Accident
7.5.1 锅炉满水
7.5.1 Boiler Full Water
7.5.1.1 现象
7.5.1.1 Description
1) 所有水位计指示水位高，且声、光报警信号发出（DCS、水位 TV）；
1) All level meters indicate high water level. DCS and water level monitor alarm;
192
2) 给水流量不正常的大于蒸汽流量；
2) The feed water flux is abnormally bigger than steam flux;
3) 严重时主蒸汽温度急剧下降，主汽管道发生水冲击，法兰接口冒白汽；
3) When the full water is serious, the main steam temperature will decrease
dramatically; the main steam pipeline has water hammer ， there is white
steam emitting from flange;
4) 蒸汽含盐量增大，导电度增大；
4) The steam salt content increases and conductivity also increases;
5) 水位高至+250mm 时，MFT 动作。
5) When the water level is as high as +250mm, MFT acts.
7.5.1.2 原因
7.5.1.2 Cause
1) 对水位监视不够，协调不及时或操作不当；
1) The water level monitoring is not enough; the coordination is late or operation
is not appropriate;
2) 给水泵调速系统失灵；
2) The feed water pump speed adjusting system has malfunction;
3) 给水自动失灵，给水压力突然升高；
3) The feed water auto has malfunction and feed water pressure rises suddenly;
4) 水位计、蒸汽流量表或给水流量表指示不准确，使运行人员误判断造成误操作；
4) Water gauge, steam flow meter or feed water flow meter indicate wrongly so
that the operator judged wrongly and operate by mistake;
5) 负荷或汽压变化过大控制不当；
5) The load or steam pressure changes too much and the control is not
appropriate.
7.5.1.3 处理
7.5.1.3 Solutions
1) 立即对照水位计，水位确实高时，解列给水自动，降低给水泵转速，适当减少
给水流量；
1) Immediately check the water gauge; when water level is really high, parallel
off the feed water auto, reduce the rotating speed of feed water pump and
reduce the feed water amount appropriately;
2) 水位+150mm 时事故放水阀应自动打开，否则应手动迅速打开紧急事故放水
阀，水位恢复正常后关闭；
2) When the water level is +150m, the emergency water discharging valve will
open automatically. Otherwise, it should be opened manually. When the
water level is normal, close this valve;
3) 若汽动给水泵控制块失灵自动或手动无法降低给水流量，应停止其运行；
193
3) If steam-driven feed water pump control block has malfunction or manual
operation cannot reduce feed water flux, the operation should be stopped;
4) 根据汽温下降情况，适当关小或全关减温水，必要时开启过热器疏水阀，以保
持主汽温度在汽机的要求范围内；
4) According to the steam temperature decreasing condition, turn down or close
the desuperheating water fully. Open the superheater drainage valve if
necessary to maintain main steam temperature within the required range of
steam turbine;
5) 汽包水位继续升至+250mm 时，MFT 应动作，否则手动 MFT，并汇报值长，
MFT 动作后应采取下列措施：
5) When steam drum water level reaches +250mm, MFT should activate.
Otherwise, press MFT button and report the situation to the shift leader. The
following actions should be taken after MFT is triggered:
a) 关闭锅炉给水电动阀。
a) Close boiler feed water motor-driven valve.
b) 降低给水泵转速。
b) Reduce feed water rotating speed.
c) 开启省煤器再循环阀。
c) Open economizer recirculation valve.
d) 全关减温水门，开启过热器疏水门。
d) Fully close desuperheating water valve and open superheater drainage
valve.
e) 加强锅炉放水，注意汽包水位的出现。
e) Intensify boiler water discharging and pay attention to the appearance of
water level in steam drum.
f) 其它操作同 MFT 动作之后的处理。
f) Other operations are as same as the solutions after MFT action.
g) 水位正常后，请示值长重新点火启动。
g) When the water level is normal, ask the shift leader for the permission of
ignition and startup.
7.5.2 锅炉缺水
7.5.2 Boiler Water Shortage
7.5.2.1 现象
7.5.2.1 Description
1) 所有水位计指示低于正常水位，水位低声、光报警信号发（CRT、水位 TV）。
1) All the water level gauge indication is lower than the normal level. Water level
audible and light warning signal will be given off (CRT and water level TV)
2) 给水流量不正常地小于蒸汽流量（炉管爆破或省煤器泄漏时相反）
。
2) The feedwater flow rate is abnormally lower than the steam flow rate (when
194
the boiler tube ruptures or economizer leaks, the result will be opposite)
3) 严重时主汽温度升高，投自动时减温水流量增大。
3) When it is severe and the main steam temperature increases,
desuperheating water flow rate increases as the mode is shifted to AUTO.
4) 汽包水位低Ⅲ值，MFT 动作。
4) When the steam drum water level is at low Ⅲ, the MFT will be activated.
7.5.2.2 原因
7.5.2.2 Causes
1) 对水位监视不够，调整不及时或误操作；
1) The water level gauge is not properly monitored, regulated or wrongly
operated.
2) 给水泵故障或给水自动失灵，导致给水压力低；
2) The feedwater faults or water feeding automatic mode failure result in low
pressure of the feedwater.
3) 水位计、蒸汽流量表或给水流量表计指示不正确，造成运行人员误判断，导致
误操作；
3) The indications of water level gauge, steam flow rate gauge or feedwater flow
gauge are incorrect, which causes the operator’s wrong prediction and faulty
operation.
4) 运行工况发生变化，调整不及时；
4) The working condition changes and the regulation is delayed.
5) 给水、排污系统泄漏严重；
5) The leakage in feedwater and blowdown systems is severe.
6) 省煤器、水冷壁、过热器爆管严重；
6) The rupture of economizer, waterwall and superheater tubes is severe.
7) 机组甩负荷。
7) Unit load rejection.
7.5.2.3 处理
7.5.2.3 Solutions
1) 立即对照所有水位计，解列给水自动，增加给水泵转速，加大给水流量，以维
持正常水位；
1) Check actual water level meters. Disable automatic water feeding and
increase speed of feed water pump. Increase feed water flow accordingly to
maintain normal water level.
2) 若因给水管道漏泄或炉管泄漏时，应加强锅炉上水和降低负荷,如发生燃烧不稳
时立即投油助燃，。并汇报值长，申请停炉；
2) If feed water pipe leaks or boiler water pipe leaks, increase feed water for
boiler and decrease unit load. If the combustion is not stable, start to oil
195
injection for combustion supporting. Then report the situation to shift leader to
apply for shutdown.
3) 停止定期排污，水位如继续下降可停止连续排污；
3) Stop intermittent blowdown. If the water level still reduces, stop the
continuous blowdown.
4) 因主汽压力高引起水位低时，可适当降低主汽压力；
4) If the low water level is caused by high pressure main steam, properly
decrease the main steam pressure.
5) 启动备用给水泵增加给水量；
5) Start standby feedwater pump to increase feedwater quantity.
6) 水位低至－250mm 时，MFT 应动作，否则手动 MFT，并汇报值长。采取下列
措施：
6) When steam drum water level reaches -250mm, MFT should be activated. If
not, activate manually and report the situation to shift leader. The following
operations should be taken after MFT is activated:
a) 关闭锅炉给水主阀。
a) Close boiler feedwater main valve.
b) 关闭减温水门。
b) Close desuperheating water valve.
c) 关闭连排及加药门，严禁向炉内进水。
c) Close continuous blowdown and dosing valve. Do not feed water to the
boiler.
d) 查明事故原因，上水时间请示总工程师决定。
d) Ascertain the accident causes and water feeding time. Ask the general
engineer to make the decision.
e) 其它操作同 MFT 动作处理。
e) Other operation is the same with the MFT performance.
7.5.3 汽包水位计损坏处理
7.5.3 Solutions for the Broken Steam Drum Water Level Gauge
7.5.3.1 现象
7.5.3.1 Description
故障水位计无显示或显示不准（与其他水位计显示偏差大）或发生泄露。
Broken water gauge leaks or does not indicate correctly (big difference compared
with other water gauges).
7.5.3.2 处理
7.5.3.2 Solutions
1) 单侧就地水位计损坏时，应用另一台水位计监视水位，并立即解列损坏的水位
计，通知检修处理；
196
1) When the local water level gauge on one side is broken, use the gauge on
the other side to monitor the water level. Deactivate the broken water level
gauge and inform the maintenance.
2) 水位 TV 故障时，必须每班进行不少于两次就地水位计与集控室二次水位计的
校对工作；
2) When the water level TV has faults, perform no less than two times of
calibration between the local water level gauge and the secondary water level
gauge in the center control room (CCR).
3) 汽包两侧水位计均无法监视，具备下列条件允许锅炉运行 1.5 小时：
3) When the water level gauges at the two sides can not monitor the water level
and the following conditions are met, the boiler will be allowed to operation for
1.5 h.
a) 给水自动调节正常可靠。
a) Feedwater automatic regulation is normal and reliable.
b) 集控室水位计指示及记录表指示在 2 小时以内与就地水位计校对正确。
b) The water level gauge indication in CCR, the indication of the recorder is
calibrated correctly with local water level gauge in 2 h.
c) 水位高、低报警信号可靠。
c) The water level is high and the alarming signal is reliable.
d) 水位保护可靠。
d) Water level protection is reliable.
4) 汽包两侧水位计均无法监视，且不具备上述条件时，应立即联系检修处理，无
法处理或 1.5 小时处理不好，应申请停炉；
4) If the water level gauges on two sides of the steam drum can not monitor
water level and the above conditions can not be met, contact maintenance
immediately. If it can not be eliminated or has not been handled in 1.5 h,
request for boiler shutdown.
5) 仅有水位 TV 可用时，应立即申请停止锅炉运行；
5) Once only the water level TV is available, request for boiler shutdown
immediately.
6) 集控室内无任何水位监视手段时，应立即紧急停炉。
6) When there is no water level monitoring device in the CCR, immediately
perform emergent shutdown.
7.6 锅炉承压部件损坏
7.6 Boiler Pressure Parts Damage
7.6.1 水冷壁管损坏
7.6.1 Waterwall Tube Damage
7.6.1.1 现象
197
7.6.1.1 Description
1) 汽包水位迅速下降,给水流量不正常地大于蒸汽流量；
1) The steam drum water level decreases rapidly and the flow rate of feedwater
is abnormally more than that of steam.
2) 炉膛负压变正，炉膛燃烧不稳定，从炉膛不严密处有烟气或蒸汽喷出；
2) The negative pressure in furnace becomes positive pressure. Combustion in
furnace is unstable. The flue gas or steam is emitted form the place in
furnace where is not tight enough.
3) 炉膛内有漏泄声或爆破声；
3) There is leaking or rupturing noises in the furnace.
4) 主蒸汽压力、温度下降；
4) The pressure and temperature of main steam decrease.
5) 各段烟气温度下降，排烟温度降低；
5) The flue gas temperature of each section decreases. The exhaust gas
temperature decreases.
6) 严重时炉膛压力保护或灭火保护动作，发出“MFT”；
6) If it is severe enough furnace pressure protection or flameout protection
perform. They will send off MFT signal.
7) 引风机开度不正常的增大，电流增加（投自动时）。
7) The ID fan openness is abnormally increased and the current increases (in
automatic state).
7.6.1.2 原因
7.6.1.2 Causes
1) 给水、炉水品质不合格，长期运行造成管内结垢，引起腐蚀和传热恶化；
1) Feedwater and boiler water qualities are not up to the standards. Long term
operation leads to scaling in the pipe, corrosion and heat transfer
deterioration.
2) 停炉后防腐措施不当，造成管内腐蚀；
2) After boiler shutdown, the anti-corrosion measures are improper, which
results in inner corrosion of the pipe.
3) 燃烧器安装不正确，或燃烧方式调整不当，火焰偏斜，冲刷管壁；
3) The burner is incorrectly installed. The combustion manner regulation is
improper. The flame is declined and burning the tube wall.
4) 吹灰器安装不良，管子被吹破；
4) The sootblower is improperly installed. The pipe is broken by improper
blowing.
5) 长期低负荷运行或下联箱放水门不严，或定排操作不当，造成水循环被破坏；
5) The unit is operation in low load for a long term or the water discharging valve
of the lower header is not tight. Or the intermittent blowdown operation is not
198
proper, which leads to the water circulation damage.
6) 严重缺水运行，致使管子局部过热；
6) Operation with severe lack-of-water condition results in tube partial
over-heating.
7) 炉内严重结渣，造成受热不均或大焦块落下，砸坏水冷壁；
7) Severe coking in the furnace causes unequal heating or the falling of big
coking blockage, which breaks the water wall.
8) 操作不当，造成热负荷分配不均，传热工况恶化，部分管壁长期超温；
8) Improper operation leads to unequal heat load distribution. The heat transfer
is weakened. Some of the pipes are over-heated for a long time.
9) 检修或安装时，管子被杂物堵塞，引起管壁过热，产生鼓包或裂纹；
9) During maintenance or installation, the pipe is blocked by the foreign matters.
Some of the pipes are overheated and bulging or cracks are produced.
10) 水冷壁膨胀受阻；
10) Waterwall tube expansion is suffocated.
11) 制造有缺陷，钢材质量不合格，或焊接质量不合格；
11) The tube has low quality. Its steel quality is unacceptable or the welding
quality is unacceptable.
12) 运行操作不当，机组超压运行；
12) Operations are improper. The unit is working in over-pressure state.
13) 启动（停止）时，升（降）压、升（降）温速度过快。
13) During the start (shutdown), pressure-increasing (decreasing) and
temperature-increase (decreasing) speeds are too fast.
7.6.1.3 处理
7.6.1.3 Solutions
1) 汇报值长,退出机组协调控制和自动控制系统；
1) Report to the shift leader. Deactivate the unit coordination control and
automatic control system.
2) 投油助燃,稳定燃烧,控制炉膛压力正常；
2) Activate oil assistant combustion and stabilize the combustion. Control the
normal furnace pressure.
3) 解列水位自动，手动调整水位正常；
3) Deactivate water level automatic control. Manually control the water level
within the normal scope.
4) 联系化学加强制水，及时补水，注意除氧器水位；
4) Contact chemical department to strengthen the water treatment. Make up
water in time. Pay attention to the deaerator water level.
5) 漏泄不严重时，尚可维持燃烧和水位时，可以降低汽包压力及负荷运行，申请
199
停炉；
5) If the leakage is not severe and the combustion and water level can be
sustained, reduce the steam drum pressure and load operation and request
for boiler shutdown.
6) 漏泄严重，不能维持燃烧和水位时，应立即停炉；
6) If the leakage is severe and the combustion and normal water level can not
be sustained, shutdown the boiler immediately.
7) 停炉后水位无法维持时，关闭给水门，停止向锅炉上水；
7) After boiler shutdown when the water level can not be sustained, close the
feedwater valve stopping feeding water to the boiler.
8) 停炉后保留一台引风机运行，维持炉膛正压消失后停止引风机运行；
8) When the boiler is shutdown, keep one ID fan in operation. When the positive
pressure of the furnace disappears stop the ID fan.
9) 通知除灰值班员解列电除尘运行；
9) Inform the dust removal shift leader to deactivate the ESP.
10) 锅炉灭火则按 MFT 动作紧急停炉处理。
10) If flameout happens, handle it as MFT and perform emergent shutdown.
7.6.2 省煤器管损坏
7.6.2 Economizer Pipe Damage
7.6.2.1 现象
7.6.2.1 Description
1) 给水未投自动时，汽包水位迅速下降，给水投自动时，给水流量不正常的大于
主蒸汽流量；
1) When the feedwater is not in automatic state the water level of the steam
drum will decrease quickly. When it is in automatic state, the feedwater flow
rate is abnormally more than the main steam flow rate.
2) 炉膛压力变正，烟道负压减小；
2) The furnace pressure becomes positive. The flue gas negative pressure
decreases.
3) 省煤器两侧烟气温差增大（漏侧低），泄漏侧排烟温度下降；
3) The flue gas temperature difference on the two sides of economizer becomes
larger (the leaking side temperature is low). The flue gas temperature of the
leaking side decreases.
4) 空预器两侧出口风温偏差大（漏侧低）
，且风温降低；
4) The outlet air temperature difference is big at the two sides of air heater (the
leaking side temperature is low). Air temperature decreases.
5) 省煤器处有泄漏或爆破声；
5) The economizer has leaks or rupturing noise.
6) 投自动的引风机电流增大。
200
6) The current of the ID fan which is shifted to the automatic state increases.
7.6.2.2 原因
7.6.2.2 Causes
1) 给水品质长期不合格，造成管内结垢；
1) The feedwater quality is unacceptable for a long term, which leads to the
scaling in the pipe.
2) 停炉后防腐不当，使管内壁腐蚀；
2) The anti-corrosion measures are not proper, which leads to the inner wall
corrosion.
3) 给水温度变化频繁，引起金属疲劳；
3) The feedwater temperature changes frequently, which leads to the metal
fatigue.
4) 飞灰磨损严重，造成管壁变薄；
4) The abrasion caused by fly ash is severe, which results that the wall
becomes thinner.
5) 吹灰器安装不当；
5) Sootblower is improperly installed.
6) 省煤器再循环阀在启停过程中未及时开启；正常运行过程中未及时关闭；
6) The recirculation valve of the economizer is not opened in time during startup
and shutdown. It is not closed in time during normal operation.
7) 运行中发生断水，严重缺水，超温现象；
7) The water interruption happens during normal operation, which leads to
lack-of-water and over-temperature.
8) 运行中操作不当，机组超压运行；
8) Improper operation leads to the over-pressure operation.
9) 烟道内发生二次燃烧，使省煤器管过热；
9) The secondary combustion happens in the flue gas duct, which makes the
economizer pipe over-heated.
10) 安装或检修时，管子被异物堵塞，造成管壁局部过热；
10) During installation or maintenance, the pipe is blocked by foreign matters,
which cause partial over-heating.
11) 管材不合格，制造、安装、焊接质量不合格。
11) The pipe material is not acceptable. The producing, installing and welding
qualities are not up to standards.
7.6.2.3 处理步骤
7.6.2.3 Solutions Procedures
1) 汇报值长,退出机组协调控制和自动控制系统；
1) Inform the shift leader. Deactivate the unit coordination control and automatic
201
control system.
2) 解列给水自动，手动调节水位使其保持正常；
2) Deactivate the automatic mode of the feedwater. Manually regulate the water
level to sustain it within the normal scope.
3) 控制炉膛压力及烟道负压；
3) Control furnace pressure and flue gas negative pressure.
4) 省煤器漏泄不严重尚能维持汽包正常水位时，可采用降低压力，减少负荷以维
持机组运行，并请示值长申请停炉；
4) When economizer leakage is not severe and the steam drum normal water
level can be sustained, reduce the pressure and load to sustain the normal
operation of the unit. Report to the shift lead and request for boiler shutdown.
5) 省煤器漏泄严重，无法维持汽包水位时，紧急停止锅炉运行；
5) When the economizer leaks severely and the normal steam drum water level
can not be sustained, shut down the boiler emergently.
6) 注意监视汽包水位、给水流量以及泄漏情况，防止扩大损坏范围，及时通知化
学加强制水，注意除氧器水位；
6) Monitor the steam drum water level, feedwater flow rate and leaking condition
to prevent the damage from spreading. Inform the chemical department to
strengthen the water treatment and the deaerator water level.
7) 关闭所有排污门及放水门；
7) Close all the blowdown valve and water discharging valve.
8) 停炉后保留一台引风机运行，保持炉膛负压以排除炉内烟气和蒸汽；待烟道烟
气和蒸汽抽净后停止引风机；
8) After shutdown, keep one ID fan working to sustain the furnace negative
pressure and exhaust the flue gas in the furnace and steam.
9) 停炉后尽量维持汽包水位，无法维持时应停止上水，关闭给水总门，禁止开启
省煤器再循环门；
9) After boiler shutdown try to sustain the steam drum water level. When the
water level can not be sustained, stop feeding water and close the main
feedwater valve. Do not open the recirculation valve of economizer.
10) 通知除灰值班员，停运电气除尘器；
10) Inform the ash removal operation and stop the ESP.
11) 在烟道内蒸汽未消失前，不允许打开人孔门检查。
11) Before the steam in the flue gas duct is exhausted, do not open the manhole
for inspection.
7.6.3 过热器管损坏
7.6.3 Superheater Pipe Damage
7.6.3.1 现象
7.6.3.1 Description
202
1) 炉膛压力变正，投自动的引风机电流不正常的增大，烟道负压减小；
1) The furnace pressure becomes positive. The current of the automatic control
ID fan abnormally increases. The negative pressure of the flue gas duct
decreases.
2) 主汽压力下降，汽包水位先高而后迅速下降；
2) Main steam pressure decreases. The steam drum water level firstly increase
then decrease quickly.
3) 主汽流量不正常的小于给水流量；
3) The main steam flow rate is abnormally less than the feedwater quantity.
4) 过热器损坏侧有泄漏声或爆破声，不严密处向外喷烟气和蒸汽；
4) There is leaking or rupturing noises at the broken side of the superheater.
The leaking position is emitting flue gas and steam.
5) 过热器管损坏侧烟汽温度下降，两侧过热蒸汽温度偏差增大；
5) The flue gas temperature at the superheater broken side will decrease. The
superheating steam temperature difference of the two sides increases.
6) 对于屏式过热器爆管严重时可能引起炉膛压力保护动作。
6) The severe tube rupture of platen superheater may lead to the activation of
the furnace pressure protection.
7.6.3.2 原因
7.6.3.2 Causes
1) 蒸汽品质不合格，造成管壁结垢过热；
1) The steam quality is not up to standard, which leads to scaling and
overheating of the tube wall.
2) 煤粉细度不合格，燃烧不正常，使烟道产生二次燃烧；
2) The pulverized coal is not fine enough, which causes the abnormal
combustion and secondary combustion in the flue gas duct.
3) 灰粒太粗,烟气流偏差大，对管壁冲刷磨损严重或积灰局部过热；
3) The granularity is too big and the flue gas flow deviation is big, which leads to
the severe wall abrasion. Partial over-heating happens because of ash
deposit.
4) 吹灰器使用不当；
4) Improper operation of the sootblower
5) 管子被异物堵塞；
5) The pipe is blocked with foreign matters.
6) 管材质量不合格，焊接不良；
6) The pipe material and the welding are not acceptable.
7) 使用减温水操作不当造成水塞引起过热；或交变应力引起疲劳损坏；
7) The improper operation of the desuperheating water leads to the water
203
blockage and over-heating. Or the alternative stress leads to the pipe fatigue
and damage.
8) 锅炉超压运行；
8) Boiler over-pressure operation.
9) 启动时，升温升压速度过快；
9) The temperature and pressure increasing velocities during startup are too
fast.
10) 过热器管壁长期超温；
10) The superheater tube wall has been in over-temperature for a long term.
11) 停炉后防腐不当，使管壁腐蚀。
11) The anti-corrosion measures after the boiler shutdown is not proper, which
leads to the wall corrosion.
7.6.3.3 处理
7.6.3.3 Solutions
1) 汇报值长，退出机炉协调控制和自动控制系统；
1) Inform the shift leader and deactivate the turbine-boiler coordination control
and automatic control system.
2) 过热器管壁损坏不严重时，维持锅炉水位及炉膛压力，立即降压降负荷运行，
燃烧不稳时投油助燃并申请停炉；
2) When the superheater tube wall damage is not serious, keep boiler water
level and furnace pressure, decrease the pressure and load. If the
combustion is not stable, start to oil injection for combustion supporting.
Apply for boiler shutdown;
3) 严密监视过热器管损坏情况，防止损坏扩大；
3) Closely monitor the superheater tube damage condition to prevent it from
spreading.
4) 损坏严重无法维持正常燃烧、水位、汽温、汽压时，应立即停炉；
4) If the damage is severe and the normal operation, water level, steam
temperature and pressure can not be sustained, shut down the boiler
immediately.
5) 炉膛压力保护和灭火保护动作时，按 MFT 紧急停炉处理；
5) As for furnace pressure protection and firefighting protection performance,
handle them as MFT emergency boiler shutdown.
6) 停炉后，维持一台引风机运行，维持炉膛负压，待炉内烟汽和蒸汽抽净后，停
止引风机运行；
6) After boiler shutdown, sustain the normal operation of one ID fan to keep the
furnace negative pressure. When the flue gas and steam are sucked out of
the furnace, stop the ID fan.
7) 通知除灰值班员解列电除尘器；
7) Inform the dust removal operator to deactivate the ESP.
204
8) 停炉后应维持汽包水位正常；
8) Sustain the normal water level of the steam drum after boiler shutdown.
9) 炉内烟气与蒸汽未抽净前，不许打开人孔门检查。
9) Before the flue gas and the steam are exhausted from the furnace, any
personnel are forbidden to open the manhole.
7.6.4 再热器管损坏
7.6.4 Reheater Pipe Damage
7.6.4.1 现象
7.6.4.1 Description
1) 再热蒸汽压力下降，流量下降；
1) Reheater steam pressure and flow rate drop.
2) 炉膛压力变正，烟道负压减小；
2) The furnace pressure becomes positive. The flue gas negative pressure
decreases.
3) 再热器损坏处两侧烟温差变大；
3) The flue gas temperature difference at the reheater broken position becomes
bigger.
4) 再热器损坏处有泄漏声，且不严处向外冒烟气和蒸汽；
4) The broken part in the reheater produces leaking noise. The leaking position
emits flue gas and steam.
5) 投自动的引风机电流增大；
5) The current of the AUTO mode ID fan increases.
6) 再热器爆管时可能引起炉膛压力保护动作，发“MFT”。
6） The tube rupture of reheater may lead to the furnace pressure protection
performance and the MFT signal will be sent.
7.6.4.2 原因
7.6.4.2 Causes
1) 蒸汽品质不合格，造成管壁结垢过热；
1) The steam quality is not acceptable, which leads to the scaling and
overheating.
2) 吹灰器安装不当以及飞灰磨损；
2) The improper installation of sootblower and abrasion caused by fly ash.
3) 管材不合格，焊接不良，制造有缺陷；
3) The pipe property is unacceptable and its quality is low. Welding is not up to
standard.
4) 管子被异物堵塞或长期超温运行；
4) The pipe is stuck by foreign matters or it operates in over-temperature state
205
for a long term.
5) 机组启停操作不当，或不正确的启、停方式使再热器管疲劳损坏；
5) The improper unit startup and shutdown operation or manner leads to the
reheater pipe fatigue and damage.
6) 受热面积灰结渣使管壁过热；
6) The ash deposit and coking on the heating surfaces leads to tube wall
over-heating.
7) 再热器区域发生二次燃烧；
7) Secondary combustion happens in reheater zone.
8) 操作不当再热器超压；
8) Improper operation leads to the reheater over-pressure.
9) 防腐不当，使管壁腐蚀。
9) The improper anti-corrosion method leads to the tube wall corrosion.
7.6.4.3 处理
7.6.4.3 Solutions
1) 汇报值长，退出机炉协调控制和自动控制系统；
1) Report to the shift leader and deactivate the boiler-turbine coordination
control and automatic control systems.
2) 若再热器管损坏不严重时，尚能维持运行，应控制调整各参数在规定范围内作
短时间运行，必要时降低压力、负荷运行，申请停炉；
2) If the reheater tubes are not severely damaged and the normal operation can
be sustained, regulate each parameter within the normal scope for normal
short-term operation. If necessary reduce the pressure and load. Request the
boiler shutdown.
3) 严密监视再热器损坏情况，防止损坏范围扩大；
3) Closely monitor the reheater damage condition to prevent the damage from
spreading.
4) 爆管严重无法维持再热汽温、汽压时，应立即停止锅炉运行；
4) When the pipe rupturing is severe and the normal steam temperature and
pressure can not be sustained, immediately shutdown the boiler.
5) 锅炉灭火或炉膛压力保护动作，则按“MFT”动作紧急停炉处理；
5) Shutdown the boiler and deal with it according to MFT conditions if the flame
extinguishing protection and furnace pressure protection activates;
6) 停炉后，保留一台引风机运行，直至炉内正压消失；
6) After shutdown, keep one ID fan in working until the positive pressure in the
furnace is released.
7) 停炉后维持汽包水位正常；
7) After shutdown sustain the normal water level of the steam drum.
206
8) 通知除灰值班员，停止电除尘器运行；
8) Inform the dust removal operator to stop the ESP.
9) 炉内烟气和蒸汽尚未抽净前，不允许打开人孔门检查。
9) When the flue gas and steam have not been sucked out of the furnace,
personnel are forbidden to open the manhole for inspection.
7.6.5 蒸汽或给水管道损坏
7.6.5 Steam or Feedwater Pipe Damage
7.6.5.1 现象
7.6.5.1 Description
1) 损坏处保温潮湿或渗水，漏汽水，并有泄漏声；
1) The insulation for the broken part is moist or leaking water and steam. There
is leaking noise.
2) 严重时有显著的响声及汽、水喷出，支吊架振动或损坏；
2) If severe enough, there is obvious noise and the steam and water will emit.
The supports and hangers vibrate or suffer damage.
3) 蒸汽或给水压力下降；
3) Steam or feedwater pressure drop.
4) 给水管道爆破时汽包水位迅速下降；
4) When the feedwater pipe ruptures the water level of the steam drum will drop.
5) 给水或蒸汽流量测点前泄漏时，流量减小，流量表后泄漏时，流量增大。
5) If there is leakage in front of the feedwater or steam flow measuring points,
the flow will decrease. If the leakage is after the flow gauge, the flow will
increase.
7.6.5.2 原因
7.6.5.2 Causes
1) 材质、焊接不合格，设计不当或自由膨胀受阻，致使局部应力集中；
1) The improper material, welding, design or free expansion limitation result in
the concentration of stress in a certain place.
2) 长期超温超压运行，易冲刷部位局部管壁变薄，使金属强度降低；
2) Due to long term over-temperature and pressure operation the tube wall of
the flushed position becomes thin and the strength of the metal reduces.
3) 投运时暖管时间不足，造成严重水冲击；
3) Insufficient pipe warming time before activation leads to severe water impact.
4) 给水品质不良，造成管壁腐蚀；
4) Low feedwater quality leads to tube wall corrosion.
5) 运行中发生流量、温度、压力的大幅度波动，造成较大的热应力；
5) The big fluctuation in flow rate, temperature and pressure during operation
207
will lead to big thermal stress.
6) 停炉后防腐不当，造成管道腐蚀。
6) Improper corrosion after boiler shutdown leads to pipe corrosion.
7.6.5.3 处理
7.6.5.3 Solutions
1) 将自动方式立即切至手操，汇报值长；
1) Shift from the automatic mode to manual mode and report to the shift leader.
2) 漏泄不严重，尚能维持正常运行且不至于扩大故障范围时；
2) When the leakage is not severe and will not spread and the normal operation
can be sustained,
a) 降压降负荷并保持其稳定运行；
a) Reduce pressure and load and sustain the normal operation.
b) 做好安全措施，禁止打开保温检查，以防汽水喷出伤人；
b) Take safety measures, do not open the insulation bushing for inspection
to prevent the steam and water from spraying out and hurting the
personnel.
c) 密切监视故障发展情况，做好事故预想，申请停炉；
c) Closely monitor the accident condition. Predict the accident development
trend and request the boiler shutdown.
3) 管道严重爆破或故障扩大时应立即停炉；
3) When the pipe has severe rupture or the accident spreads request the boiler
shutdown.
4) 若蒸汽管道损坏，停炉后应维持汽包水位。
4) If the steam pipe is broken, sustain the steam drum water level after boiler
shutdown.
7.7 锅炉汽水系统故障
7.7 Boiler Steam and Water System Faults
7.7.1 汽水管道水冲击
7.7.1 Water Impact in the Steam and Water Pipe
7.7.1.1 现象
7.7.1.1 Description
1) 管道有水冲击声，严重时使管道振动，使支吊架损坏；
1) The pipe has severe water impact noise. If it is severe enough, the pipe will
vibrate and the supports and hangers will be damaged.
2) 汽水压力流量大幅度波动。
2) There is fluctuation in steam and water pressure.
208
7.7.1.2 原因
7.7.1.2 Causes
1) 给水管道冲击原因：
1) Water impact causes in the feedwater pipe:
a) 上水时未排净管内空气或操作过快；
a) The air in the pipe has not been exhausted during feedwater or the
operation is performed too fast.
b) 给水泵运行不正常,压力变化大；
b) The feedwater pump is working abnormally. The pressure changes
severely.
c) 给水温度变化幅度大；
c) Feedwater temperature changes severely.
d) 阀门前后压差大,给水逆止门失灵,忽开忽关。
d) The pressure difference before and after the valve is big. The feedwater
check valve has failure, which can not prevent the water from returning.
2) 蒸汽管道水冲击的原因：
2) Causes for the water impact in the steam pipe:
a) 未充分暖管及疏水，操作太快；
a) Insufficient pipe warming and draining; too fast operation
b) 疏水管道阀门位置不合理，无法排尽疏水；
b) Due to improper valve position on the drain pipe the drainage can not be
discharged.
c) 管道内蒸汽温度突然下降，低温蒸汽带水。
c) The steam temperature in the pipe drops suddenly. The low temperature
steam contains water.
7.7.1.3 处理
7.7.1.3 Solutions
1) 水管道冲击的处理：
1) Solutions for the water impact in the water pipe:
a) 排净管道内得空气；
a) Exhaust the air in the pipe
b) 保持工质压力、温度稳定；
b) Guarantee the working medium pressure and temperature and stabilized
them.
c) 因工质汽化造成水冲击，应降低给水流量，待汽化及水冲击现象消失后，
逐渐增大流量；
c) The atomization of the working medium causes the water impact.
209
Reduce the feedwater flow rate. When the atomization and water impact
are eliminated, gradually increase the flow rate.
d) 设法降低阀门前后的压差。
d) Manage to reduce the pressure difference before and after the valve.
2) 蒸汽管道水冲击的处理：
2) Solutions for the water impact in the steam pipe:
a) 充分暖管及疏水；
a) Sufficient pipe warming and draining.
b) 操作阀门时应缓慢进行；
b) The valve must be slowly operated.
c) 若发生水冲击时应立即减缓或停止操作；
c) When water impact happens, slow down or stop the operation.
d) 改进不合理的疏水系统；
d) Improve the improper draining system.
e) 如发生水冲击时，应立即开启疏水门。
e) If water impact happens, open the drainage valve as soon as possible.
3) 当汽水管道内的水冲击消失后，应检查支吊架是否损坏，否则应通知检修处理。
3) When the water impact in the steam and water pipe happens, check whether
the supports and hangers are broken. Otherwise, inform the maintenance.
7.7.2 汽水共腾
7.7.2 Steam and Water Foaming
7.7.2.1 现象
7.7.2.1 Description
1) 汽包水位剧烈波动，汽包各水位计指示摆动；
1) The water level of the steam drum fluctuates severely. The indication of each
water level gauge fluctuates.
2) 严重时蒸汽管道发生水冲击，法兰处冒汽；
2) If it is severe water impact will happen in the steam pipe and flange will emit
steam.
3) 主蒸汽温度急剧下降；
3) Main steam temperature drops rapidly.
4) 蒸汽含盐量不正常的增大。
4) The salt content of the steam abnormally increases.
7.7.2.2 原因
7.7.2.2 Causes
1) 给水、炉水品质不合格；
210
1) The quality of the feedwater and boiler water is not up to the standards.
2) 汽包水位过高，汽水分离装置结构不良或损坏；
2) The steam drum water level is too high. The structure of steam and water
separation device is improper or damaged.
3) 排污不及时，化学加药不当；
3) The blowdown is not performed in time. The chemical dosing is not proper.
4) 机组负荷增长过快，减温水系统故障或人员过失造成减温水量剧增；
4) The unit load increases too fast. The desuperheating water flow increases
severely due to the desuperheating water system failure or personnel
mistakes.
5) 机组长期超负荷运行。
5) The unit operates in over-load state for a long term.
7.7.2.3 处理
7.7.2.3 Solutions
1) 对照各水位计，解列给水自动，保持汽包水位－50mm 运行；
1) Compare each water level gauge. Deactivate feedwater automatic control
state. Sustain the steam drum operational water level at -50 mm.
2) 适当降低负荷并保持负荷稳定；
2) Properly reduce the load and guarantee the stable load.
3) 全开连续排污门，加强排污；
3) Fully open the continuous blowdown valve to strengthen the blowdown.
4) 根据汽温情况关小或解列减温水，视情况开启过热器疏水门；
4） Based on the steam temperature close down or deactivate the
desuperheating water. Open the superheater drainage valve based on actual
condition.
5) 通知化学停止加药，并化验水质；
5) Inform the chemical department to stop dosing and test the water quality.
6) 加强锅炉换水工作；
6) Strengthen the boiler water replacement.
7) 因操作不当引起时应迅速纠正不当的操作；
7) If the accident is caused by faulty operation, correct the operation quickly.
8) 冲洗汽包水位计并对照各水位计；
8) Flush the steam drum water level and compare it with the others.
9) 炉水合格后恢复锅炉负荷。
9) When the boiler water quality is up to standard, recover the boiler load.
7.7.3 减温器堵塞
7.7.3 Desuperheater Blockage
211
7.7.3.1 现象
7.7.3.1 Description
1) 减温水量偏小或回零，投入或解列减温水时汽温变化不明显；
1) The desuperheating water flow is relatively small or zero. When the
desuperheating water is activated or deactivated, the steam temperature
does not changes too much.
2) 过热汽温度或再热汽温度升高，或两侧汽温差增大；
2) The superheating or reheating steam temperature increases. Or the
temperature difference on the two sides increases.
7.7.3.2 原因
7.7.3.2 Causes
1) 减温器滤网堵塞；
1) Desuperheater filter is blocked.
2) 减温器截止阀误关；
2) Desuperheater stop valve is close by mistake.
3) 减温水管路故障；
3) Pipes of desuperheating water have faults.
7.7.3.3 处理
7.7.3.3 Solutions
1) 可通过正常减温器调整汽温，使汽温在正常范围内；
1) Regulate the steam temperature with the normal desuperheater sustaining
the steam temperature within the normal scope.
2) 及时调整燃烧，必要时可降低锅炉负荷，以保持汽温；
2) Regulate the combustion in time. If necessary reduce boiler load to sustain
the steam temperature.
3) 对减温器滤网进行反冲洗；
3) Perform backwashing for the filter screener of desuperheater.
4) 检查减温水管路有无异常；
4) Check whether there is abnormality in the desuperheater pipes.
5) 经处理无效，汽温超过规定值时，请示值长停止锅炉运行。
5 ) After eliminating the faults, if the steam temperature still exceeds the value
given, report to the shift leader for shutdown the boiler.
7.8 RB动作(辅机故障快速减负荷)
7.8 RB Activation (Run Back Caused by Auxiliary Equipment Faults)
7.8.1 原因
7.8.1 Causes
212
机组运行方式为协调或机跟随时，下列任一情况发生：
One of the following is available when unit operation mode is CCS or TF:
7.8.1.1 两台引风机运行，其中一台跳闸。
7.8.1.1 One of two running ID fans trips;
7.8.1.2 两台送风机运行，其中一台跳闸。
7.8.1.2 One of two running FD fans trips;
7.8.1.3 两台一次风机运行，其中一台跳闸。
7.8.1.3 One of two running PA fans trips;
7.8.1.4 两台汽动给水泵运行，其中一台跳闸，电动泵联动不成功。
7.8.1.4 One of two running steam-driven feed water pumps (BFPT) trips and the electric
pump fails to start by interlock;
7.8.1.5 两台运行中的空预器，其中一台跳闸（减负荷到 50%）。
7.8.1.5 One of two running air heaters trips (load decreases to 50%).
7.8.2 现象
7.8.2 Description
7.8.2.1 RB 保护动作 CRT、BMS 发出声光报警。
7.8.2.1 When RB protection is activated, CRT and BMS send out sound alarm;
7.8.2.2 跳闸辅机的报警信号出现。
7.8.2.2 The alarming signal of the tripped auxiliary equipment is on.
7.8.2.3 机组负荷及蒸汽流量大幅度下降。
7.8.2.3 The unit load and steam flow rate drop severely.
7.8.2.4 汽包水位急剧下降。
7.8.2.4 The steam drum water level drops rapidly.
7.8.2.5 主汽压力波动。
7.8.2.5 Main steam pressure fluctuates;
7.8.2.6 部分制粉系统切除。
7.8.2.6 Part of pulverizing system is out of service;
7.8.2.7 部分油枪自动投入。
7.8.2.7 Some oil guns are put into operstion automatically;
7.8.2.8 炉膛负压大辐度波动。
7.8.2.8 Furnace negative pressure fluctuates greatly;
7.8.3 RB 动作后的处理
7.8.3 Solutions after RB Activation
7.8.3.1 RB 动作后将自动执行下列操作：
7.8.3.1 The following operations will be executed automatically after RB:
213
1) 根据 RB 动作的不同原因选择不同的减负荷率及减负荷值；
1) Select different load decreasing rate and load decrease value according to
the causes of RB;
2) 锅炉侧若是三套及三套以上制粉系统运行，BMS 自动进行燃料选择，将从下到
上切除部分制粉系统，最终保留 B.C 制粉系统运行，同时 BC 层油枪；
2) If three or more pulverizing systems are running at boiler side, BMS will
select fuel mode automatically. BMS will remove parts of pulverizing system
from the bottom up and keep two B.C pulverizing systems running. The oil
guns on BC layer will be also put into operation.
3) 退出机炉协调控制系统。
3) Quit CCS mode
4) 引、送风机、自动调整大辐度变化的炉膛负压。
4) ID fan and FD fan automatically adjust furnace negative pressure.
7.8.3.2 如果自动失灵，应尽快手动将负荷降至故障要求负荷。
7.8.3.2 If auto control fails, the load should be decreased manually to required safety
load.
7.8.3.3 快速控制锅炉负荷率降到 50%～75%。
7.8.3.3 Rapidly decrease boiler load to 50% - 75%.
7.8.3.4 设法调整燃烧，维持炉膛负压正常，为稳定燃烧必须投部分油枪助燃。
7.8.3.4 Keep furnace negative pressure normal by adjusting combustion. Some oil guns
must be started to insure stable burning.
7.8.3.5 严格控制主汽温度、再汽温度及汽包水位。
7.8.3.5 Strictly control main steam and reheat steam temperature and steam drum level.
7.8.3.6 检查辅助蒸汽系统汽源切换正常，否则手动切换。
7.8.3.6 Check the steam source switchover for auxilary steam system is normal,
otherwise, switch manually.
7.8.3.7 查明 RB 动作原因，如为跳闸设备误动，应立即手动恢复。
7.8.3.7 Check the causes of RB. If RB is caused by equipment mis-operation, reset
manually.
7.8.3.8 设备故障消除后，尽快恢复机组正常运行。
7.8.3.8 The unit should be recoved quickly after the fault has been removed.
7.8.3.9 如锅炉灭火按 MFT 动作处理。
7.8.3.9 If furnace flame extinguishes, press MFT button
7.9 厂用电中断
7.9 Auxiliary Power Interruption
7.9.1 现象
7.9.1 Description
214
7.9.1.1 部分厂用电巾断时，相应动力设备跳闸，电流指示到零，相应跳闸电机状态颜色变
黄，声光报警，锅炉燃烧不稳或灭火，汽温、汽压及蒸汽流量下降;
7.9.1.1 When the auxiliary power of some regions interrupts, the related equipment will
trip. The current indicate at O position. The related tripped electric motor state
color is yellow. There will be audible and light alarm. The combustion will not be
stable or will be flameout. The steam temperature, pressure and flow rate will
drop.
7.9.1.2 厂用电全部中断时，所有运行中的转机跳闸，电流指示到零，锅炉灭火 MFT 动作，
汽温、汽压、水位等均下降;
7.9.1.2 When all the auxiliary power is interrupted, all the operating rotary machines trip
and the current indication is O, the boiler will be flameout and the MFT will be
activated. Steam temperature, pressure, water level etc will drop.
7.9.1.3 工作照明熄灭，事故照明亮。DAS, FSSS 等热控系统由 UPS 供电，仍可工作，引、
送风机和磨煤机的油泵，火检冷却风机，空预器油站和辅助电机等由保安段电源供
电，仍可运行。
7.9.1.3 The working elimination is power off. The emergency elimination is on. DAS,
FSSS and other I&C systems is powered by UPS so they can continue to work.
The oil pumps for ID fan, FD fan, coal pulverizer, fire detection cooling air fan, air
heater oil station, auxiliary motors etc are powered by safety power so they can
continue to operate.
7.9.2 原因
7.9.2 Causes
7.9.2.1 厂用变压器或厂用母线故障。
7.9.2.1 Auxiliary transformer or auxiliary main bus has faults.
7.9.2.2 机组故障停运，厂用电切换不成功。
7.9.2.2 The unit is shutdown due to faults. The auxiliary power is not successfully
switched.
7.9.3 处理
7.9.3 Solutions
7.9.3.1 部分厂用电中断
7.9.3.1 Some the auxiliary power interruption
1) 复置跳闸开关，关闭其风门档板将其隔离;
1) Reset the tripping switch. Close the air valve damper and isolate it.
2) 如锅炉燃烧不稳，但未熄火时，要迅速投油稳燃，切自动为手动，增加运行制
粉系统及送、引风机的出力，根据风量带负荷;
2) If the combustion in boiler is not stable but the fire is still burning, activate the
oil to stabilize the combustion. Shift from automatic to manual. Increase the
output of the pulverization system and the ID fan. Add the load based on the
air volume.
3) 汇报值长要求降低机组负荷，注意保持水位，汽温正常;待电气恢复正常后，重
新启动跳闸转机，恢复机组正常运行;
215
3) Inform the shift leader to reduce the unit load and pay attention to sustain the
water level and normal steam temperature. When the electrical department
recovers, reset the tripping. Recover the unit normal operation.
4) 如锅炉已灭火应按灭火处理。
4) If the boiler has flameout, treat it as flameout accident.
7.9.3.2 全部厂用电中断
7.9.3.2 All the auxiliary power is interrupted
1) 按紧急停炉处理，复置各跳闸开关;
1) Handle it as emergency shutdown and reset each tripping switch.
2) 电源恢复后，应视汽包内水位情况和壁温差情况处理，如汽包内仍有可见水位，
联系启动电泵缓慢进水至正常水位。如汽包内水位已不可见，且壁温差严重超
标，待管壁温差减少至正常后方可进水，其余操作同热态启动。
2) When the power recovers, monitor the water level changes in the steam drum
and the wall temperature difference. If the level is at the steam drum visible
water level, contact the starting pump and feed the water slowly to the normal
level. If the water level in the steam drum is invisible and the wall temperature
difference is out of the standards, wait until the difference is within the normal
scope and feed water to it. The other operations are the same with the
thermal startup procedures.
7.10 仪用电源中断
7.10 Interrupted Instrumental Power
7.10.1 现象
7.10.1 Problems
7.10.1.1 热工仪表电源中断信号发出，报警信号不响，信号灯不亮；
7.10.1.1 The interrupted signal is sent by the I&C instrumental power supply; no sound for
alarm signal; signal light is off;
7.10.1.2 所有热工二次仪表指示失灵，各记录仪停止，记录 CRT 无显示，表计指示熄灭；
7.10.1.2 All I&C secondary instrumental indicators cannot work; stopped all record
instrument; no display on CRT; extinguished gauge indicator;
7.10.1.3 热电偶温度表指示偏低；
7.10.1.3 Low thermocouple temperature indication;
7.10.1.4 所有开度指示到０，自动调节失灵，伺服机构电动操作不动。
7.10.1.4 All opening degree indicates zero; automatic regulator cannot work; electric
operation of servo mechanism can not be moved.
7.10.2 原因
7.10.2 Causes
7.10.2.1 仪表电源保险丝熔断；
7.10.2.1 Blown instrument power supply fuse;
216
7.10.2.2 与热工仪表电源对应的厂用电源故障，同时厂用 UPS 故障。
7.10.2.2 The faulty auxiliary power related I&C instrument power supply; faulty auxiliary
UPS.
7.10.3 处理
7.10.3 Solutions
7.10.3.1 确认仪表电源中断，立即汇报值长要求保持负荷稳定，并联系检修处理，迅速恢复
电源；
7.10.3.1 Ensure the instrument power is off. Request the shift leader to keep the stable
load; inform the maintenance operators to supply the power quickly;
7.10.3.2 将所有自动切为手动，以就地水位计为准，维持正常水位；
7.10.3.2 Switch all automatic modes into manual modes; keep the normal water level
based on the local water level meter;
7.10.3.3 加强与汽机的联系，监视汽温、汽压及其变化趋势；
7.10.3.3 Increase communicatio with turbine operator. Monitor the steam temperature &
pressure and their variation trends;
7.10.3.4 锅炉仪表电源在汽压、汽温、水位、燃烧和机组负荷稳定的情况下中断，汽包就地
水位计尚能监视水位，汽机侧尚能监视汽温、汽压时，可酌情坚持短时间运行。
此间要避免大的调整操作。
7.10.3.4 Keep the unit in operation in a short time in the following case: boiler instrumental
power is interrupted when the steam pressure, steam temperature, water level,
combustion and load is stable; steam water level gauge can monitor the water
level; and turbine side can monitor the steam temperature and pressure. Avoid
the big regulation when unit in the operation.
7.10.3.5 若锅炉仪表电源是在运行工况不稳时中断或汽轮机仪表电源同时中断，应紧急停炉，
待仪表电源恢复后，再按热态开炉要求恢复机组正常运行。
7.10.3.5 Shut down the boiler in the following two cases: a) boiler instrumental power is
interrupted under the unstable operating condition; b) boiler instrumental power
and turbine instrumental power is interrupted at the same time. After the
instrumental power is recovered, restart the unit based on the hot state start up.
7.11 安全门故障
7.11 Safety Valve Fault
7.11.1 现象
7.11.1 Problems
7.11.1.1 锅炉汽压达到或超出安全阀起跳压力时，安全阀拒动；
7.11.1.1 The safety valve cannot activate when boiler steam pressure reaches to or
beyond the trip value;
7.11.1.2 锅炉汽压未达到安全门起跳压力，安全门提前起跳；
7.11.1.2 The safety valve pops up before the pressure reaches the required value;
7.11.1.3 安全门起跳后，汽压已降至其回座压力以下而安全门仍不回座或回座不严密。
217
7.11.1.3 After the safety valve pops-up, it cannot reseat tightly when the steam pressure
has dropped below the reseat pressure.
7.11.2 原因
7.11.2 Causes
7.11.2.1 安装、检修工艺不良，校验不准确；
7.11.2.1 Poor installation and maintenance, incorrect calibration;
7.11.2.2 运行中安全门零部件变形卡涩，弹簧失效等使启闭受阻，动作不灵活；
7.11.2.2 Deformed and jammed safety valve spare parts in operation; resistance to start up
& shutdown and inflexible activation if the spring can not work;
7.11.2.3 长期关闭，阀芯与阀座互相粘住或其它部件锈死；
7.11.2.3 Stickiness between the valve disk and valve seat or rusty parts due being closed
for a long time;
7.11.2.4 频繁启闭使密封面被冲刷损坏。
7.11.2.4 The damaged sealing surface because frequent opening and closing.
7.11.3 处理
7.11.3 Solutions
7.11.3.1 当汽压达到安全门(包括 PCV 阀)起跳压力而拒动时，应开启过热器 PCV 阀，并适
当降低热负荷；
7.11.3.1 Open the superheater PCV and decrease the load properly in the following
condition: the safety valve (including EBV) cannot activate when the steam
pressure meets the requirements;
7.11.3.2 安全门起跳后，汽压降到了回座压力以下还不回座，则应就地检查采取措施；
7.11.3.2 Take relevant measures in the following condition: after safety valve pops-up, it
cannot reseat when the steam pressure meets the requirements;
7.11.3.3 当压力超限，所有安全门均拒动无泄压手段时，应立即停止锅炉运行；当一台或数
台安全门故障时，锅炉蒸发量应控制在其余正常安全门的排汽量之内；
7.11.3.3 Shut down the boiler when the pressure is beyond the limit value and all safety
valves cannot activate without pressure leakage; control the evaporation amount
in the normal steam exhaust range when one or several safety valves are faulty;
7.11.3.4 安全门起跳后，汽压已降到其回座压力以下，经采取各种措施仍不回座，汽温、汽
压、水位等参数无法维持时应立即停炉；
7.11.3.4 Shut down the boiler in the following cases: a). the safety valve cannot reseat
when the steam pressure is below the reseat pressure; b). the normal steam
temperature, steam pressure and water level etc can not be maintained;
7.11.3.5 有条件时要对起闭不正常的安全门进行重新校验。
7.11.3.5 Recalibrate the abnormal safety valve if possible.
7.12 控制气源中断
7.12 Interrupted control steam source
218
7.12.1 现象
7.12.1 Problems
7.12.1.1 控制气压低报警或气压高于额定值；
7.12.1.1 Low control air pressure and alarm signal is sent out; air pressure is higher than
the rated value;
7.12.1.2 气动阀开关不动或不灵活。
7.12.1.2 Static or inflexible pneumatic valve.
7.12.2 原因
7.12.2 Causes
7.12.2.1 空压机及其电源中断；
7.12.2.1 Air compressor and its power is interrupted;
7.12.2.2 空压机自启、停装置失灵；
7.12.2.2 The startup and shutdown device of air compressor cannot work well;
7.12.2.3 控制气系统管路泄漏；
7.12.2.3 Leaked control air system pipeline;
7.12.2.4 过滤器堵塞严重。
7.12.2.4 Blocked filter.
7.12.3 处理
7.12.3 Solutions
7.12.3.1 当储气罐后母管压力＜ 0.6 MPa 光字牌报警时，应立即联系空压机值班员查明原
因，予认消除；
7.12.3.1 Inform the air compressor operator to find out the causes and eliminate the fault
when the main pipe(behind the air storage tank) pressure is ＜ 0.6 MPa alarm
window.
7.12.3.2 当气压＜0.55 MPa 时，查备用空压机应自启动，否则人工启动；
7.12.3.2 Ensure the standby air compressor start up automatically when the air pressure is
＜0.55 MPa.
7.12.3.3 当气压＜0.45MPa 时，立即切为锅炉手动控制，带固定负荷避免频繁调节，必要时，
改气动控制为手动就地控制；
7.12.3.3 Switch the boiler into manual control mode when the air pressure is ＜0.45MPa;
avoid the frequent load regulation when the unit is with fixed load; switch the
pneumatic control mode into manual control mode if necessary;
7.12.3.4 控制气源中断或因气压低，调节阀自锁不良引起自动开大或关小，影响机组正常运
行，且手动无法控制，应汇报值长申请停炉；
7.12.3.4 Request the shift leader to apply for the boiler shutdown in the following case: the
interrupted control air source or low air pressure, poor selflock of regulation valve
causes the automatic turnup and turndown, manual valve cannot be controlled;
7.12.3.5 气压＞0.65MPa，通知空压机值班员进行消音处理。
219
7.12.3.5 Inform air compressor operator to eliminate the noise when the air pressure is＞
0.65MPa.
220
8 辅机设备运行通则
8 Operation rules for auxiliary equipment
8.1 辅机试转要求
8.1 Auxiliary equipment trial operation requirements
1) 接到辅机试转通知，确认转动机械及电气设备检修工作结束工作票收回。
1) After receiving the notice regarding auxiliary trial operation, make sure the
maintenance of rotating machinery and electrical equipment is completed,
and the work permits have been returned.
2) 运行人员必须实地检查确认无检修工作人员，关闭人孔门、检查孔门。
2) Operators are required to check whether there are maintenance personnel
inside or not. After that, close the access and inspection doors.
3) 启动盘车装置，或手动盘车，检查转动机械无卡涩现象。
3) Start up the turning gear or manually rotate it to check whether there is
blockage of the rotating machine.
4) 主要辅机试运行前应确认锅炉各风烟系统及制粉系统的各风门挡板及其传动机
构已校验，且操作灵活、可靠、准确。
4) Before the trial operation of the auxiliary equipment, all air dampers and
rotating mechanisms of the boiler flue gas system and pulverization system
have to be inspected. They should be able to operate easily, reliably and
correctly.
5) 按《电动机运行规程》要求确证试转设备具备送电条件，送电。
5) Make sure the equipment meets the conditions before being energized with
regard to Motor Operation Regulations.
6) 试运前，热工、电气的有关保护装置、联锁装置和巡测装置应正确投入。
6) Before trial operation, related protective devices, interlock devices, and patrol
inspection devices from I&C and electrical disciplines have to be activated
correctly.
7) 待试运设备的有关润滑油系统，冷却系统符合启动要求。
7) Prepare the related lubrication system and cooling system of the equipment
so they meet the startup conditions.
8) 试运行时检修负责人现场指挥，运行人员配合检修操作。运行人员记录启动电
流及最大持续时间，空载电流。
8) During trial operation, the person responsible for maintenance has to be
onsite to direct the whole process while operators are required to cooperate
to operate the equipment. Operators should record the startup current and
maximum duration period and no-load current.
9) 各辅机的试运行应在小负荷下进行，引、送风机应避开喘振区，以保证设备安
全。
9) The trial operation of each piece of auxiliary equipment has to be carried out
with small load. Regarding trial operation of I.D. and F. D. fans, avoid the
221
surge area to ensure the safety of equipment.
10) 风机试运行时，一般不进行最大负荷试转，如特殊需要进行最大负荷试运时，
其电流不应超过额定值，并保持正常的炉膛负压。
10) While carrying out trial operation of fans, do not operate with maximum load.
If special occasion needs maximum load for the trial operation, the current
cannot exceed rated value so as to ensure normal furnace negative pressure.
11) 主要转动机械检修后必须进行试转并验收合格。引风机、送风机、一次风机的
连续试运时间不得少于 8 小时。
11) Main rotating machines have to be successfully undergo a test run after
maintenance work. The continuous operating period of I.D. fan, F. D. fan and
primary air fan cannot be less than 8 hours.
8.2 启动前的检查
8.2 Check the Following Before Startup:
1) 所有安全围栏、防护罩完整牢固。对轮联接完好，地脚螺丝无松动。为检修设
置的临时制动措施已拆除。
1) All safety rail fences and safety covers have to be complete and fixed.
Coupling should be well connected while the anchor bolts have to be firm.
The temporary stop measures for maintenance work have been
disassembled.
2) 各部轴承及油箱油质良好，油位、油温正常，油位计、温度计指示正确、清晰、
完好。
2) Bearings on each part are in good state. Oil quality in oil tank is good. Oil
level and temperature are normal. Indication of oil level meter and
thermometer is correct, clear and complete.
3) 各转机冷却水量充足，无漏水现象，回水管畅通。
3) Cooling water for each rotating machine is sufficient without water leakage.
The return pipe is unblocked.
4) 动机外壳接地线良好，且按电气规定测量绝缘合格，电动机如经检修应单独试
转，合格后方可同辅机联接。
4) Outer shell of the rotating machine has good earthing and the regulated
measuring insulation is ideal. If the motor has been repaired, it should be
operated in trial individually. It can be connect to the auxiliary equipment after
it meets requirements.
5) 各风门、挡板的执行机构齐全，连接完好操作灵活，限位装置动作良好，就地
与集控室的开度指示一致并与实际相符。
5) The actuators of each air damper and dampers have to be complete and well
connected. The operation has to be smooth. Limit switch has to work
normally. The openness indication on site and in central control room have to
be the same and accord with the actual situation.
6) 辅机送电，必须在启动前工作检查完毕，启动条件已具备后进行。
6) Power can only be supplied to the auxiliary equipment after the pre-startup
222
inspection is finished and startup conditions are met.
7) 事故按钮完整可靠，保护罩齐全、盖好。
7) The accident buttons have to be complete and reliable. The protective cover
has to be complete and properly in place.
8.3 辅机启动
8.3 Auxiliary Startup
1) 辅机严禁带负荷启动（设计允许者除外）
。
1) It is forbidden for auxiliary to start up with load (except for the permission by
design).
2) 离心风机启动前，应将进出口风门、挡板关闭。轴流式风机启动前，应将动叶
（静叶）调至关闭位置，出口挡板关闭。各转机启动前均不允许有反转现象。
2) Before centrifugal fan startup, the inlet and outlet air valves and dampers
should be closed. Before axial flow fan startup, the moving blade (static blade)
should be adjusted to closed position and the outlet damper is closed. It is not
allowed for reverse rotating before every rotating machines startup.
3) 辅机启动时，应有专人监视电流和启动时间，若启动时间超过规定，电流不能
回到正常时，应立即停止运行。
3) During auxiliary startup, there should be special personnel for monitoring the
current and startup time. If the startup time exceeds the rule and the current
cannot go back to normal value, the operation should be stopped
immediately.
4) 6KV 设备不可两台同时启动，6KV 设备正常启动前应通知值长，并征得同意后
方可进行。
4) It is not allowed for 6KV equipment to start up together. The shift leader
should be informed before 6KV equipment normal startup which should be
carried out after approve.
5) 若辅机启动时发生故障跳闸，应查明原因，故障消除后方可再次启动。
5) If there is fault trip during auxiliary startup, find out the reason, eliminate the
fault and start up again.
6) 新装或检修后的 6KV 高压电动机第一次启动前，应由专人就地监视，待启动正
常，检查无异常后方可离开。
6) After newly installation or maintenance but before 6KV high voltage motor
first startup, there should be special personnel for local supervision. After the
startup is normal and there is no abnormal condition, he /she can leave.
8.4 辅机运行中的维护和检查
8.4 Maintenance and Inspection During Auxiliary Operation
1) 辅机在运行中应严格执行巡回检查制度。
1) The patrol inspection rule should be strictly carried out during auxiliary
operation.
223
2) 辅机运转平稳，声音正常，振动不超限。
2) The auxiliary operates stably with normal sound and the vibration has not
exceeded the limit.
3) 各轴承润滑良好，温度正常，油压、油位正常，轴承冷却水畅通无泄漏。
3) Every bearing lubrication is fine; temperature is normal, oil pressure and oil
level is normal; the bearing cooling water is smooth without leaks.
4) 电动机电流正常，外壳温度正常。
4) The motor current is normal and the external shell temperature is normal.
5) 各轴封处密封良好，无泄漏现象。
5) Every gland seal is sealed well without leaks.
6) 调节风门、挡板的连接部分良好，无受阻现象。
6) The connecting part of adjusting air valve and damper is fine without
resistance.
7) 不同辅机还应按照相应的特殊规定进行检查。
7) Different auxiliary should be checked according to corresponding special
rule.
8) 运行中转动机械的参数限额：
8) The parameter limit for rotating machines in operation:
a) 高、低压电机温度、温升应不超过《厂用电动机运行规程》的要求。
a) HV and LV motor temperature and temperature rise should not exceed
the requirements in Service Motor Operation Regulation.
b) 轴承冷却水、空冷器回水温度≯40℃。
b) The bearing cooling water, air cooler returning water temperature ≯40
℃.
c) 滚动轴承温度≯100℃。
c) The rolling bearing temperature ≯100℃.
d) 滑动轴承温度≯80℃。
d) The rolling bearing temperature ≯80℃.
e) 振动的规定：
e) Requirement on Vibrations:
振动规定如下表：
The vibrating regulations are as follows:
转速 750 r.pm 及以下
1500 r.pm 1000 r.pm
rotating speed Below 750r.pm
振动值
≯0.06mm ≯0.10mm ≯0.12mm
Vibration value
224
f) 电动机及机械串轴≯2～4mm。
f) The motor and mechanical serial axe ≯2～4mm.
8.5 辅机紧急停止
8.5 Emergency Shutdown of Auxiliaries
1) 锅炉辅机在运行中发生下列故障之一时，应紧急停止运行，并及时启动备用电
机：
1) If any of the following faults happen in boiler auxiliary operation, the operation
should be stopped immediately and the reserved motor should be started in
time:
a) 电动机或辅机发生剧烈振动或串轴超过规定值。
a) The motor or auxiliary have strong vibration or serial axe exceeds the
prescribed value.
b) 轴承温度急剧升高，并超过规定值时。
b) The bearing temperature rises dramatically and exceeds the prescribed
value.
c) 电动机温度升高超过规定值、着火冒烟或有被火烧、水淹危险时。
c) The motor temperature rises and exceeds the prescribed value, or there
is smoke and fire burning or flood.
d) 达到保护定值或规定的延时时间而未停止运行时。
d) The operation has not stopped when protection set value is reached or
prescribed delay time is completed.
e) 发生可能危急人身或设备安全的事故时。
e) There is accident which threatens life security or equipment safety.
2) 对于重要辅机，除发生人身或设备事故须立即停止外，一般应先启动备用辅机，
然后停止故障辅机。
2) For some important auxiliaries, they will only be stopped immediately when
there is life or equipment emergency. Except that, it should firstly start up the
reserved auxiliaries and then stop the fault auxiliaries.
3) 按下事故按钮应保持 1 分钟以上。
3) Press the emergency button and keep more than one minute.
225
9 引风机
9 I.D Fan
9.1 引风机规范
9.1 Specification of ID fan
引风机电动机冷却风机
型号 G158/225 型号 YKK710-6 功率 11kW
风量 219.9 m3/S 功率 1550 kW 电压 380V
风压 -4893Pa(0) 电压 6.3kV 转速 2960rpm
转速 985rpm 转速 985rpm
介质密度 0.85kg/m3 电流 233A
ID fan Motor Cooling air fan

Model G158/225 Model YKK710-6 Power 11kW
Capacity 219.9 m3/S Power 1550 kW Voltage 380V
Air Rotation
-4893Pa(0) Voltage 6.3kV 2960rpm
pressure speed
Rotation Rotation
985rpm 985rpm
speed speed
Medium
0.85kg/m3 Current 233A
density
9.2 风机启动前的检查准备
9.2 Inspection and Preparations Before Startup of Air Fans
9.2.1 启动前的检查
9.2.1 Inspection Before Startup
除按通则中的规定进行检查外，还应进行下列检查：
Except for the inspection items in general rules, the following items should also be
checked:
9.2.1.1 确认机械、电气设备检修工作结束，无检修人员工作，工作票收回，并注销。
9.2.1.1 Confirm the mechanical and electric equipment maintenance work is finished,
there is no maintenance personnel working and the work permit has be taken
back and canceled.
9.2.1.2 风机转子无反转，手动盘车无卡涩、摩擦。
9.2.1.2 The fan rotor has not rotated inversely; there is no block and friction with manual
turning gear.
9.2.1.3 各压力表及压力表截止阀开启。
226
9.2.1.3 Every pressure meter and pressure meter break valve should be open.
9.2.1.4 引风机轴承冷却风机良好备用。
9.2.1.4 The ID fan bearing cooling air fan is in well-reserved status.
9.2.2 启动前的准备
9.2.2 Preparation Before Startup
根据各风机所附属设备的性能及要求，可先启动下述附属设备：
Firstly Start up the following auxiliary equipment according to the performance
requirement of every air fan equipped auxiliary equipment:
9.2.2.1 启动引风机轴承冷却风机一台（另一台备用）
。
9.2.2.1 Start up one bearing cooling air fan of I.D fan (another one for standby)
9.4 引风机的启动
9.4 Startup of ID fan
9.4.1 引风机的启动允许条件
9.4.1 Startup Conditions for ID Fan
引风机 A 启动允许条件（与）
ID fan A startup permits (and)
引风机 A 入口挡板已关；
ID fan A inlet damper is closed
引风机 A 出口挡板已开；
ID fan A outlet damper is opened
引风机 A 入口静叶在最小位置；
ID fan A inlet stationary blade isput into minimum position
空预器 A 或 B 运行；
Air preheater A or B in service
引风机 A 冷却风机运行；
Cooling fan of ID fan A in operation
无跳闸条件；
No tripping conditions
引风机 A 轴承温度正常；
ID fan A bearing temperature normal
9.4.2 引风机启动步骤
9.4.2 ID Fan startup procedure
顺序启动
Sequence startup
227
步一：条件：引风机 A 停止
Step 1: permits:ID fan A stops
无 FSSS 自然通风请求
No FSSS natural ventilation requirement
引风机 B 停止或引风机 B 运行时任一送风机运行
ID fan B out of service or either one FD fan in service during ID fan B in operation
指令：
Instruct:
建立空气通道
Establish air channel
步二：条件：
Step2: permits:
空气通道已建立
Air channel established
指令：启动引风机 A 冷却风机
Instruct: Start ID fan A cooling fan
步三：条件：引风机 A 冷却风机已启动
Step3: permits: ID fan A cooling fan started
指令：关引风机 A 入口烟气挡板
Instruct: close ID fan A inlet flue gas damper
关引风机 A 入口静叶
Close ID fan A inlet stationary blade
开引风机 A 出口烟气挡板
Open ID fan A outlet flue gas damper
步四：条件：引风机 A 出口挡板已开
Step 4:permit: ID fan A outlet damper opened
引风机 A 入口挡板已关
ID fan A intlet damper opened
引风机 A 入口静叶位置最小
ID fan inlet stationry blade in minimum position
指令：启动引风机 A
Instruct: start ID fan A
步五：条件：引风机 A 运行延时 15s
Step 5: permits: ID fan A operation 15s delay
228
指令：开引风机 A 入口挡板
Instruct: open ID fan A inlet damper
引风机 A 入口挡板已开
ID fan A inlet damper opened
程控启动和手动启动过程均需执行以上所述程序。
Programmed control startup and manual startup both need to execute above
procedures.
9.4.3 当一台引风机运行时，启动另一台引风机并联运行的操作
9.4.3 When one I.D fan is in operation, start up another one for parallel operation as
follows
9.4.3.1 将正在运行的引风机的工况点（风量和风压）向下调至风机失速线最低点以下，就
可以随时启动第二台风机与运行引风机并联。
9.4.3.1 Lower down the working point (air flow and air pressure) of running I.D fan below
the air fan speed loss line so as to start up at any time the secondary air fan and
have it be parallel connected with the operating air fan.
9.4.3.2 启动步序与单独启动步序相同。
9.4.3.2 The startup procedures are same as signal startup.
9.4.3.3 启动第二台引风机，调整其静叶角度与运行引风机相同，使两台风机的风量风压相
一致。
9.4.3.3 Start up the secondary I.D fan, and adjust its static blade angle which is same as
the operating I.D fan to make the air flow and pressure of two air fans are same.
9.4.3.4 进一步调整两台风机的开度，直至需要的工况点。
9.4.3.4 Further adjust the openness of two air fans until gets to the required working
point.
9.4.4 除尘器联络挡板
9.4.4 Connecting damper for E.S.P
9.4.4.1 可手动开或关此阀门。
9.4.4.1 This valve can be started up or shut down manually.
9.4.4.2 任一台引风机运行，联开此挡板。
9.4.4.2 Any running ID fan can interlock open this damper.
9.5 风机运行调整与维护
9.5 Operation, Adjustment and Maintenance of Air Fan
1) 风机入口动叶（静叶、入口调节挡板）自动调节装置故障时，立即切为手动，
及时联系修复。
1) When a fault occurs with the automatic adjusting device of inlet moving blade
(static blade, inlet adjusting damper) of air fan, switch to auto right away and
contact maintenance personnel to repair.
229
2) 相应两台风机并列运行时应保持同步运行。
2) The two corresponding air fans running in parallel should be synchronous.
3) 运行中如发生失速报警，应迅速下调失速风机的叶片角度，查明原因予以消除
并将叶片角度恢复至所需值。如失速报警持续 60s 仍未消除，则必须停止运行。
3) If speed loss alarm happens during operation, reduce angle of blade on the
fan that lost speed. Find out the reasons, remove the fault then restore the
angle of the blade to normal condition. If speed loss alarm lasts for 60s and
cannot be eliminated, stop the air fan.
4) 风机严禁在喘振区工作。发生喘振时，首先判明是否由进、出口挡板关闭所造
成。若是挡板关闭引起，应立即开启挡板；若是负荷不平衡所至，应立即调整
风机的动叶（静叶、入口调节挡板）直至喘振消失为止。喘振报警在 60s 内不
消失，风机跳闸。
4) Air fan is not allowed to work in surge zone. When surge happens, see if the
problem is caused by closing of inlet or outlet damper. If it is caused by
closing of damper, open damper immediately. If it is caused by unbalanced
load, adjust moving blade (static and inlet regulating damper) right away until
surge disappears. The air fan trips if surge alarm cannot stop within 60s.
5) 运行中必须监视的数值（见下表）
：
5) Values to be monitored during operation:
运行中应监视的参数表
引风机
报警值跳闸值
电机轴承温度 80℃ 90℃
风机轴承温度 90℃ 95℃
电机线圈温度 135℃ 145℃
风机振动 5.0 mm/s 7.1mm/s
风机喘振 5.0 mm/s 7.1mm/s
风机失速 6000Pa.g 延时 60s
Parameters to monitor during operation

ID fan
Alarm value Trip value
Motor bearing temp 80℃ 90℃
Air fan bearing temp 90℃ 100℃
Motor windingl temperature 135℃ 145℃
Air fan vibration 5.0 mm/s 7.1mm/s
Air fan surge 5.0 mm/s 7.1mm/s
Air fan speed loss(stalling) 6000Pa.g Time delay 60s
230
9.6 引风机的停运
9.6 Shutdown of I.D fan
9.6.1 引风机停运允许条件
9.6.1 The allowable conditions for the shutdown of the I.D fan
本侧送风机在停运状态或联锁开关已断开。
The F.D fan on same side is shutdown or the power supply to the interlock switch
has been cut off.
9.6.2 引风机停运步序
9.6.2 Shutdown Procedures for I.D fan
顺控停止
Sequence shutdown
步一：条件：送风机、一次风机均停或者引风机 B 运行
Step 1: permits: FD fan and PA fan stop or ID fan B is in service
指令：关引风机 A 入口静叶
Instruct: close ID fan A inlet stationary blade
步二：条件：引风机 A 入口静叶在最小位置
Step 2: permits: ID fan A inlet stationary blade is in minimum position
指令：停引风机 A
Instruct: stop ID fan A
步三：条件：引风机 A 已停
Step 3: permits: ID fan A stopped
指令：关引风机 A 入口挡板
Instruct: close ID fan A inlet damper
步四：条件：引风机 A 入口挡板已关
Step 4: permits: ID fan A inlet damper closed
指令：关引风机 A 出口挡板
Instruct: close ID fan A outlet damper
引风机 A 出口挡板已关
ID fan A outlet damper closed
9.6.3 并联运行的两台引风机停运一台风机步序
9.6.3 Procedures for shutting down one of two ID Fans in parallel operation
9.6.3.1 正常减负荷至 50%以下，保留 B.C 制粉运行，投入 B.C 层油枪助燃。
9.6.3.1 Decrease the load to lower than 50% in the normal way. Maintain three sets of the
pulverized coal system in operation. Activate some oil guns on layer B and C to
help combustion.
231
9.6.3.2 将两台风机的工况点同时调到失速线以下，将待停风机叶片调至关闭位置，同时开
大运行风机叶片角度，保持风量、风压的稳定。
9.6.3.2 Adjust the working condition points of both fans below the stall line. Adjust the
blades of the air fan which will be shutdown to the closing position. Open more
fully the blade angle of the operating air fan at the same time. Maintain the air flow
and pressure stable.
9.6.3.3 停止待停风机运行，关闭风门。
9.6.3.3 Shut down the air fan which needs to be shutdown. Close the air damper.
9.6.3.4 风机停止后要定期盘车，防止主轴弯曲。
9.6.3.4 After shutting down the air fan, regularly use the turning gear to prevent the main
shaft from bending.
9.7 引风机故障跳闸
9.7 ID fan trip due to failure
9.7.1 引风机保护联锁跳闸条件
9.7.1 Protective interlock trip conditions of ID fan
引风机 A 跳闸条件（或）
ID fan A trip permits (or)
空预器 A 停且引风机 B 运行(延迟 8s)
Air preheater A stops and ID fan B in service(delay 8s)
空预器 A/B 均停
Air preheater A/B stop
引风机 A 运行且进出口挡板均在关位（延迟 60s）
ID fan A is in service and inlet and outlet dampers are in”close” position (delay
60s)
引风机 A 冷却风机均停（延迟 2s）
ID fan A cooling air fans stopped (delay 2s)
引风机 A 轴承温度保护跳闸
ID fan A bearing temperature protection trips
送风机 A 停
FD fan A stops
MFT 且炉膛压力低低低跳引风机
MFT and furnace pressure LL trip ID fan
9.7.2 引风机电机保护联锁跳闸条件
9.7.2 Protective interlock trip conditions of ID fan motor
9.7.2.1 本侧空预器主辅电机都跳闸，延时 5min 联锁跳引风机。
9.7.2.1 Motor of main auxiliary air heater on same side trips while the ID fan interlock trips
232
after 5 min delay;
9.7.2.2 引风机保护联锁跳闸条件出现时，则联跳引风机。
9.7.2.2 When the ID fan protective interlock tripping conditions are met, the ID fan trips by
interlock;
9.7.2.3 引风机电气保护动作跳闸。
9.7.2.3 Electrical protection trip of the ID fan is activated.
9.7.3 现象
9.7.3 Description
9.7.3.1 跳闸转机电流回零，并发出声光报警（CRT、辅助盘）
；
9.7.3.1 Current of tripped ID air fan returns to zero, and send to acousto-optic alarm (CRT,
auxiliary panel);
9.7.3.2 炉膛冒正压；
9.7.3.2 Furnace is positive pressure;
9.7.3.3 锅炉汽温汽压下降；
9.7.3.3 Temperature and pressure of boiler decrease;
9.7.3.4 单台引风机跳闸，对应侧送风机、一次风机及相应的给煤机、磨煤机跳闸；
9.7.3.4 One set of ID fan trips, FD fan, primary air fan of corresponding side and
corresponding coal feeder and coal pulverizer trip;
9.7.3.5 总风压及一、二次风速迅速下降，锅炉燃烧不稳，可能发生灭火；
9.7.3.5 Total air pressure and air speed of primary and secondary air fan decrease;
combustion of boiler is unstable which may cause flame out.
9.7.3.6 引风自动投入时，另一侧引风机进口导叶开度自动开大；
9.7.3.6 When one set of ID fan runs automatically, opening degree of inlet blade of ID fan
at the other side will be increased;
9.7.3.7 RB 动作发信号；
9.7.3.7 RB action signal sent out;
9.7.3.8 两台引风机同时故障跳闸时，炉 MFT 动作。
9.7.3.8 Two sets of ID fan trip for fault, MFT acts.
9.7.4 原因
9.7.4 Causes
9.7.4.1 两风机发生喘振超过规定值或时间；
9.7.4.1 Surge of two sets of air fan exceeds rated value or time;
9.7.4.2 引风机本身保护动作；
9.7.4.2 Protection of ID fan acts;
9.7.4.3 电气故障；
9.7.4.3 Electrical faults;
233
9.7.4.4 按事故按钮；
9.7.4.4 Press the emergency button;
9.7.4.5 空预器故障联跳。
9.7.4.5 Air preheater trips by interlock for fault.
9.7.5 处理
9.7.5 Solutions
9.7.5.1 引风机跳闸不允许强合闸，复置跳闸转机“开关”；
9.7.5.1 ID fan trips and it is not allowed to start by interlock, reset trip switch of tripped ID
fan;
9.7.5.2 RB 保护动作时应自动进行燃料选择，否则手动选择执行；
9.7.5.2 When RB protection acts, fuel should be selected automatically, or it will be
selected manually;
9.7.5.3 退出机、炉协调控制系统，紧急减负荷至 150MW；
9.7.5.3 Quit CCS of boiler and steam turbine, reduce load to 150MW for emergency;
9.7.5.4 手动调整汽温、汽压、水位；
9.7.5.4 Adjust steam temperature, steam pressure and water level manually;
9.7.5.5 调整运行引风机静叶，控制炉膛负压正常；
9.7.5.5 Adjust static blade of running ID fan, make sure that vacuum of furnace if normal;
9.7.5.6 投入油燃烧器，以稳定燃烧，保持各参数在正常范围内；
9.7.5.6 Put into operation of oil burner to ensure stable combustion, keep parameters are
within normal range;
9.7.5.7 迅速查明原因，并恢复其正常运行；
9.7.5.7 Find out reasons quickly and recover it;
9.7.5.8 MFT 动作后按紧急停炉处理；
9.7.5.8 After MFT, solve the problem as emergency shutdown of boiler;
9.7.5.9 两台引风机跳闸，5min 后将引风机进口静叶调至关闭状态；
9.7.5.9 Two sets of ID fan trip, inlet static blade of ID fan is closed after 5 minutes;
9.7.5.10 停炉后作好机组重新启动的准备工作，故障消除后，重新启动。
9.7.5.10 After Boiler shuts down, prepare to restart boiler, eliminate faults and then restart.
9.8 风机运行中的常规故障
9.8 Common failures during fan operation
当出现以下故障时，首先检查仪表的准确性，然后根据原因进行处理：
When the following failures occur, check the accuracy of the measuring
instruments and solve the problems based on the ascertained causes:
9.8.1 轴承温度高原因
234
9.8.1 Bearing temperature too high
9.8.1.1 轴承故障。
9.8.1.1 Bearing failure;
9.8.1.2 油脂过多或过少。
9.8.1.2 Excessive or insufficient oil grease;
9.8.1.3 振动超限。
9.8.1.3 Excessive vibration;
9.8.1.4 油脂污染或变质。
9.8.1.4 Oil grease contaminated or deteriorated;
9.8.1.5 轴承间隙过小。
9.8.1.5 Insufficient bearing clearance.
9.8.2 风机振动的原因
9.8.2 Vibration of air fan
9.8.2.1 转子由于沉淀物造成不平衡。
9.8.2.1 Unbalanced rotor due to deposits;
9.8.2.2 由于叶片一侧磨损不平衡。
9.8.2.2 Unbalance caused by wear of one side of blade;
9.8.2.3 轴承磨损增加间隙。
9.8.2.3 Widening clearance caused by bearing wear;
9.8.2.4 地脚螺丝、中分面螺丝松动。
9.8.2.4 Anchor bolts and bolts on centering surface loose;
9.8.2.5 风机发生失速及喘振。
9.8.2.5 Fan stalling or in surge;
9.8.2.6 自动调节系统发生故障。
9.8.2.6 Failure of automatic adjusting system;
9.8.2.7 主电机轴承故障。
9.8.2.7 Bearing of main motor failure.
9.9 风机启停及运行过程中电机和辅助设备
9.9 Startup/shutdown of fans as well as motor and auxiliary equipment during
operation
9.9.1 风机电机
9.9.1 Fan motor
9.9.1.1 在满足启/停的允许条件下，可手动启/停风机电机。
9.9.1.1 The motor of fan can be started up/shut down manually when the relevant
235
conditions are met.
9.9.1.2 在满足启/停的允许条件下，可程控启/停风机电机。
9.9.1.2 The motor of fan can be started up/shut down by program control when the
relevant conditions are met.
9.9.2 冷却风机
9.9.2 Cooling fans
IDFA1F（IDFB1F） IDFA2F（IDFB2F）
IDFA1F(IDFB1F) IDFA2F(IDFB2F)
9.9.2.1 可手动/程控启/停本冷却风机。
9.9.2.1 This cooling air fan can be activated/deactivated by manual or program control.
9.9.2.2 主/备用方式。
9.9.2.2 Main/standby method.
9.9.2.3 运行冷却风机跳闸或冷却风机母管压力低，联启备用风机。
9.9.2.3 Start up the standby fan by interlock when running cooling air fan trips or the main
pipe pressure of the cooling fan is low.
9.9.3 引风机出口挡板和入口挡板
9.9.3 Outlet and inlet damper of the ID fan
9.9.3.1 可手动开/关引风机出口挡板和入口挡板。
9.9.3.1 Inlet/outlet dampers of the ID fan can be opened/closed manually.
9.9.3.2 可程控开/关引风机出口挡板和入口挡板。
9.9.3.2 Inlet/outlet dampers of the ID fan can be opened/closed by program control.
9.9.3.3 本侧引风机停运，对侧引风机在运行，则保护联锁关出口挡板和入口挡板。
9.9.3.3 ID fan on this side shuts down while that on the other side stays running. The
outlet/inlet dampers are closed by protection interlock.
9.9.3.4 本侧引风机在运行，禁止关出口挡板和入口挡板。
9.9.3.4 When the ID fan on this side is running, do not close the outlet/inlet dampers.
9.9.3.5 本侧空预器停运，延时 5min，挡板联关。
9.9.3.5 When the air heater at this side shuts down, the dampers are closed by interlock
with a 5min in delay.
236
10 送风机
10 F.D Fan
10.1 送风机规范
10.1 Specification of FD fan
送风机电动机
型号 14144A/1715 型号 YKK500-8
风量 80.9m3/S 功率 _450kW__
风压 3432Pa 电压 6.3kV
转速 718 r/min 转速 1490rpm
介质温度 26.9℃ 电流 48.1A
介质密度 1.11kg/m3
液力偶合器 YOTC850B
FD fan Motor
Model 14144A/1715 Model YKK450P4
Capacity 80.9m3/S Power 450 kW
Air pressure 3432Pa Voltage 6.3kV
Rotation speed 718 r/min Rotation speed 1490rpm
Medium temperature 26.9℃ Current 48.1A
Medium density 1.11kg/m3
Hydraulic coupler YOTC850B
10.2 Inspection and Preparations before Startup of Air Fans
10.2.1 Inspection before Startup
checked:
back and canceled.
237
turning gear.
10.2.1.4 各轴承冷却水进水、回水阀开启。
10.2.1.4 All water inlet and water return valves for bearing cooling water are opened.
10.2.1.5 详细检查所有螺栓是否紧固。
10.2.1.5 Carefully check all bolts for fastening
10.2.1.6 检查叶轮与电动机的旋转方向是否正确。
10.2.1.6 Check if the rotation direction of impeller is consistent with that of motor
10.2.1.7 检查机壳与进出口管道是否遗留下杂物。
10.2.1.7 Check the casing and inlet and outlet pipes for any inclusion
10.2.1.8 检查仪表是否连接正确。
10.2.1.8 Check if the instruments are properly connected
10.2.2 启动过程中注意事项：
10.2.2 Attentions during Startup
风机在无载荷情况下启动，将风机的出口管道的阀门开启，以防止电机过载。
If run the fan under no load, open the valves on fan outlet pipe to protect the motor
from being overload.
在风机运行过程中，注意监控轴承温度，轴承温度在达到稳定之前的最初几个小时
之内，温度会直线上升，但随后会稳定在一个温度值，运行过程中，轴承温升不得
超过40℃.注意监控轴承部的振速数值，不得超过4.6mm/s.
When the fans are running, closely monitor bearing temperature which keeps rise
perpendicularly for a few hours before reaching a stable value. Make sure the
bearing tempersture should not exceed 40 ℃ during operation and ensure that
bearing vibration should not be more than 4.6mm/s.
10.2.3 紧急停机条件：
10.2.3 Emergency Shutdown Permits
风机或电动机在启动时有明显的异常现象或摩擦声响。
Obviously abnormal phenomenon or friction sound is found during the starting of
fan or mmotor.
风机轴承温度、轴承的振动超过规定值。
The temperature and vibration of fan bearing exceed the value specified.
电动机突然过载。
Motor suddenly experiences overload
涉及人身或机组安全的其他意外情况。
Unforeseen circumstances concerning the safety of personnel and equipment
10.3 送风机的启动
238
10.3 Startup of FD fan
10.3.1 送风机启动允许条件
10.3.1 Startup permitting conditions for FD fan
送风机 A 启动允许条件
FD fan A startup permits
 送风机 A 液偶在最小位置；
 FD fan A hydraulic coupler is in its minimum position
 送风机 A 出口挡板在关位且入口挡板在开位；
 FD fan A outlet damper in”closing” position and inlet damper in”opening”
 空预器 A 或 B 运行；
 Air preheater A or B running
 引风机 A 或 B 运行
 ID fan A or B running
 无送风机 A 跳闸条件存在；
 No FD fan trip permits
 A 侧二次风挡板开或联络门打开 B 侧二次风挡板开
 Side A secondary air damper or communicating door is opened, side B
secondary air damper is opened
 送风机 A 轴承温度正常
 FD fan A bearing temperature is normal
10.3.2 送风机启动步序
10.3.2 Startup steps of FD fan
顺序启动
步一：条件：送风机 A 停止
Step 1: permit: FD A stopped
指令：关送风机 A 液偶
Instruct: close FD fan A hydraulic coupler
关送风机 A 出口挡板
Close FD fan A outlet damper
关送风机入口调节挡板
Close FD fan inlet adjusting damper
步二：条件：送风机 A 液偶位置最小且送风机 A 出口挡板已关且入口调节挡板已
关
Step 2: permit: FD fan A hydraulic coupler in its minimum position, FD fan A outlet
damper closed and inlet damper closed
239
指令：启动送风机 A
Instruct: start FD fan
步四：条件：送风机 A 已运行延时 20 s
Step 4: permit: FD fan A is running, delay 20s
指令：开送风机 A 出口挡板送风机
Instruct: open FD fan A outlet damper
A 出口挡板已开，逐步开启进口风门并通过液力偶合器调节转速至所需风力。
Then gradually open inlet valve and adjust the rotation speed by the hydraulic
coupler to meet air requirements.
在手动或程控启动过程中，均需进行以上各步序。
During both manual or program controlled startup process, the above listed steps
10.3.3 送风机出口连通挡板
10.3.3 Connection dampers at outlet of FD fan
10.3.3.1 可手动开或关连通挡板。
10.3.3.1 The connection dampers can be opened and closed manually.
10.3.3.2 一台送风机运行且仅有同侧空预器运行时，联锁关联通挡板，并禁开。
10.3.3.2 When one air fan is in operation and only the same side air heater is in service,
the connection damper is interlock closed. Do not open it.
10.3.3.3 一台送风机运行且两台空预器运行时，联开此挡板。
10.3.3.3 When one air fan is in operation and two air heaters are in service, this connection
damper is interlock closed.
10.3.4 运行中必须监视的数值（见下表）：
10.3.4 Values to be monitored during operation:
送风机
报警值跳闸值
电机线圈温度 135℃ 145℃
风机振动 4.6 mm/s 7.1 mm/s

FD fan
240
FDF Motor stator coil temperature 135℃ 145℃
Vibration of air fan 4.6 mm/s 7.1 mm/s
10.4 送风机的停运
10.4 Shutdown of the F.D fan
10.4.1 送风机停运允许条件
10.4.1 The allowable conditions for the shutdown of the F.D fan
送风机联锁开关已断开。
The FD fan interlock switch is disconnected.
10.4.2 送风机停运步序
10.4.2 Shutdown Procedures for F.D fan
手动或程控操作时均进行此步序：
During the manual or programmable control startup, carry out the following
procedures:
顺控停止
Sequence shutdown
步一：条件：少于四层煤层运行
Step 1: permit: not more than 4 layers of coal in operation
指令：关闭送风机 A 液偶
Instruct: close FD fan A hydraulic coupler
步二：条件：送风机 A 液偶在最小位置
Step 2: permit: FD fan A hydraulic coupler in its minimum position
指令：关入口调节挡板
Instruct: close inlet adjusting damper
步三：条件：入口挡板关到位
Step 3: permit: inlet damper is properly closed
指令：停送风机 A
Instruct: stop FD fan A
步四：条件：送风机 A 已停
Step 4: permit: FD fan A stopped
指令：关送风机 A 出口挡板
Instruct: close FD fan A outlet damper
送风机 A 出口挡板已关
FD fan A outlet damper A closed
241
10.5 送风机故障跳闸
10.5 FD fan trip due to failure
10.5.1 送风机电机保护联锁跳闸条件（FDFA 或 FAFB）
10.5.1 Protective interlock trip conditions of Motor of FD fan (FDFA or FAFB)
送风机 A 跳闸条件（或）
FD fan A trip permits (or)
 空预器 A\B 均停
 Air preheater A,B stopped
 空预器 A 停且送风机 B 运行（延迟 5s）
 Air preheater A stopped and FD fan B in operation(delay 5s)
 送风机 A 运行其出口挡板还在关位(延时 60S)
 FD fan A is running and its outlet damper is at”close: position
 引风机 A 停
 ID fan A stopped
 MFT 且炉膛压力高高高跳闸送风机
 MFT and furnace pressure HH trip FD fan
 送风机 A 轴承温度保护跳闸
 FD fan A bearing temperature protection trip
10.5.2 送风机跳闸现象
10.5.2 Description of FD fan trip
10.5.2.1 跳闸送风机电流回零，并发出报警声、光报警；
10.5.2.1 Current of tripped FD fan returns to zero, and send out acousto-optic alarm;
10.5.2.2 锅炉汽温汽压下降,炉膛负压增大，负压保护有可能动作；
10.5.2.2 Steam temperature and pressure of boiler decrease, vacuum of furnace increases
and vacuum protection may act;
10.5.2.3 一、二次风压迅速下降，锅炉燃烧不稳，有可能灭火；
10.5.2.3 Primary and secondary air pressure decrease quickly; combustion of boiler is
unstable and may be flame out;
10.5.2.4 单台送风机跳闸时，联跳同一侧一次风机及相应的给煤机、磨煤机；
10.5.2.4 When a set of FD fan trips, primary air fan at the same side and corresponding
coal feeder and coal pulverizer trip by interlock;
10.5.2.5 机组运行方式投协调或机跟随时，RB 动作发信号；
10.5.2.5 When operation mode of unit is in CCS mode or turbine follow mode, RB action
signal sent out;
10.5.2.6 两台送风机故障，锅炉 MFT 动作，紧急停炉
242
10.5.2.6 Two sets of air fan are in trouble, MFT of boiler acts, shut down boiler for
emergency
10.5.3 原因
10.5.3 Causes
10.5.3.1 风机本身保护动作；
10.5.3.1 Protection of air fan acts;
10.5.3.2 电气部分故障；
10.5.3.2 Fault of electrical parts;
10.5.3.3 按事故按钮；
10.5.3.3 Press emergency button;
10.5.3.4 上级辅机跳闸联跳。
10.5.3.4 Trip caused by superior auxiliary equipments.
10.5.4 处理
10.5.4 Solutions
10.5.4.1 若单侧跳闸，立即增大另一侧送风机和一次风机出力，同时减小引风机出力，防止
负压保护动作 MFT；
10.5.4.1 If one side trips, increase output of FD fan and primary air fan of another side,
decrease output of ID fan to prevent action of vacuum protection and MFT;
10.5.4.2 送风机跳闸不允许强合，复置跳闸开关；
10.5.4.2 It is not allowed to close the switch forcefully and reset trip switch if FD fan trips
10.5.4.3 RB 保护动作，并自动进行燃料选择，否则应手动执行；
10.5.4.3 When RB protection acts, fuel should be selected automatically, or it will be
selected manually;
10.5.4.5 投油稳燃，手动调整汽温、汽压、水位；
10.5.4.5 Inject oil to ensure stable combustion, adjust steam temperature, steam pressure
and water level manually;
10.5.4.6 调整运行引、送风机，控制炉膛压力正常，并调整各参数稳定；
10.5.4.6 Adjust running ID fan and FD fan, ensure that pressure of furnace is normal, and
make sure that parameters are stable.
10.5.4.7 若灭火按灭火处理；
10.5.4.7 If flame out, solve as flame out;
10.5.4.8 MFT 动作按其操作执行；
10.5.4.8 MFT acts according to its procedures;
10.5.4.9 两台同时跳闸时 MFT 动作，按紧急停炉处理；
10.5.4.9 When two sets of FD fan trip, MFT acts, and solve as emergency shutdown of
243
boiler;
10.5.4.10 查明故障原因，迅速消除，重新启动。
10.5.4.10 Find out causes of failure, eliminate failures quickly and restart.
10.6.1.1 轴承故障。
10.6.1.3 振动超限。
10.6.1.5 轴承间隙过小。
10.6.2.1 风机与电机轴不同心
10.6.2.1 Air fans and motor shaft are not concentric
10.6.2.2 转子与机壳或进风口有碰撞现象
10.6.2.2 Coliision of rotor with casing and air inlet
10.6.2.3 由于叶片有积灰、污垢、叶片磨损、叶片变形、主轴弯曲使转子平衡受到破坏
10.6.2.3 Dust accumulation on blade, dirt, wearing blade deformation, main shaft bend
lead to an inbalance of shaft
10.6.2.4 基础不牢固或地脚螺栓松动
10.6.2.4 Foundation is not solid or foundation bolts loosen
10.6.2.5 负荷急剧变化或风机处于喘振区内工作
10.6.2.5 Drastic change of load or the fans work within surge area
10.6.2.6 叶轮轴孔与主轴配合松动
244
10.6.2.6 Impeller shaft hole is not tightly matched with main shaft
10.6.2.7 机壳与撑脚、轴承箱与底座连接螺栓松动
10.6.2.7 Connecting bolts for casing and support, bearing box and seat get loose
10.6.2.8 风机进出口管道安装不良，产生共振
10.6.2.8 The inlet and outlet pipes are not properly installed, causing sympathetic vibration
10.6.3 风机出力不足的原因
10.6.3 Causes of insufficient fan output
10.6.3.1 送风机执行机构卡涩或失电。
10.6.3.1 Actuator of FD fan blockage or power-loss;
10.6.3.2 伺服电机损坏。
10.6.3.2 Servomotor damage.
10.6.4 风量不足：管道系统阻力超过风机规定风压.
10.6.4 Insuffient air flow: pipe system resistance exceeds the air pressure of fan
prescribed
10.6.5 风压不足：管道系统阻力估计过低。
10.6.5 Insufficient air pressure: pipe system resistance too low
10.6.6 电动机过载：风压过低致使风量过大
10.6.6 Motor overload: too loaw air pressure leads to excessive air flow
进口气体温度过低，气体密度过大使风机压头过高。
Inlet air temperature too low, high air density gives high air fan pressure
风机内部发生摩擦碰撞现象。
Friction and corrosion occurred in the fan
电动机输入电压过低或电源单相断电。
Motor input current is too low or one phase of power supply interrupted
受轴承箱振动剧烈的影响。
Bearing box vibration is serious
10.6.7 机体振动：风机与电机轴不同心。
10.6.7 Fan body vibration: Air fans and motor shaft are not concentric
转子与机壳或进风口有碰撞现
Coliision of rotor with casing and air inlet
由于叶片有积灰、污垢、叶片磨损、叶片变形、主轴弯曲使转子中心平衡受到破坏。
Dust accumulation on blade, dirt, wearing blade deformation, main shaft bend
lead to an inbalance of shaft
机组不牢固或地脚螺丝松动。
Foundation is not solid or foundation bolts loosen
245
负荷急剧变化或风机处于喘振区工作。
Drastic change of load or the fans work within surge area
叶轮轴孔与主轴配合松动。
Impeller shaft hole is not tightly engageded with main shaft
风机进出口管道安装不良，产生共振。
The inlet and outlet pipes are not properly installed, causing sympathetic vibration
10.6.8 轴承温度升高：轴承箱振动剧烈。
10.6.8 Bearing temperature rise: fierce vibration of bearing box
10.6.9 润滑油变质或油位过低。
10.6.9 Lube. Oil goes bad or the level is too low.
10.7 Startup/shutdown of Fans as well as Motor and Auxiliary Equipment during
Operation
10.7.1 风机电机
10.7.1 Fan Motor
conditions are met.
10.7.2 送风机出口挡板
10.7.2 Outlet damper of FD fan
10.7.2.1 可手动开/关出口挡板。
10.7.2.1 The outlet damper can be opened/closed manually.
10.7.2.2 可程控开/关出口挡板。
10.7.2.2 The outlet damper can be opened/closed by program control.
10.7.2.3 本侧送风机停运，对侧送风机在运行，则保护联锁关本出口挡板。
10.7.2.3 When the FD fan at this side is out of service while that of the other side is in
operation, the outlet damper at this side is closed by protective interlock.
10.7.2.4 本侧送风机运行，禁关出口挡板。
10.7.2.4 When FD fan at this side is in service, do not close the outlet damper.
10.7.2.5 本侧空预器停运，延时 5min，联锁关本出口挡板。
10.7.2.5 When air heater at this side shuts down, the outlet damper at this side is closed by
interlock 5min in delay.
246
11 一次风机
11 P.A Fan
11.1 一次风机规范
11.1 Specification of primary air fan
一次风机电动机
型号 2118-1015 型号 YKK500-4
风量 62.2m3/S 功率 1700kW
风压 15319Pa 电压 6.3kV
转速 1480 r/min 电流 176.5A
Primary air fan Motor

Model 2118-1015 Model YKK500-4
Capacity 62.2m3/S Power 1700kW
Air pressure 15319Pa Voltage 6.3kV
Rotation speed 1480 r/min Current 176.5A
11.2 Inspection and Preparations before Startup of Air Fans
11.2.1 Inspection before Startup
checked:
back and canceled.
turning gear.
11.2.1.4 各轴承冷却进水、回水阀开启。
11.2.1.4 All bearing cooling inlet and return water valves are opened.
247
11.3 一次风机的启动
11.3 Startup of primary air fan
11.3.1 一次风机启动允许条件
11.3.1 Permitted conditions for primary air fan startup include
一次风机 A 启动允许条件（与）
PA fan A startup permits (or)
 一次风机 A 入口调节门在最小位置；
 PA fan A inlet adjusting valve is at its minimum position
 一次风机 A 出口挡板在关位；
 PA fan A outlet damper closed
 空预器 A 运行
 Air preheater A in service
 引风机 A 或 B 运行
 ID fan A or B in service
 送风机 A 或 B 运行
 FD fan A or B in operation
 无一次风机 A 跳闸条件
 No PA fan A trip permits
 一次风机 A 温度正常（轴承 75℃及绕组温度 110℃以下）
 PA fan A temperature is normal(bearing temperature 75 ℃ and winding
temperature below 110℃)
11.3.2 风机启动步序
11.3.2 Startup Procedures
顺控启动
Sequence startup
步一：条件：一次风机 A 停止
Step 1: permit: PA fan A stopped
指令：关闭一次风机 A 入口调节门
Instruct: close PA fan A inlet adjusting valve
关闭一次风机 A 出口挡板
Close PA fan A outlet damper
步二：条件：一次风机 A 入口调节门在最小位置
Step 2: permit: PA fan A inlet adjusting valve in its minimum position
一次风机 A 出口挡板已关
PA fan A outlet damper closed
248
指令：启动一次风机 A
Instruct: start PA fan A
步四：条件：一次风机 A 已启延时 20s
Step 4: permit: PA fan actuates, 20s delay
指令：开一次风机 A 出口挡板
Instruct: open PA fan A outlet damper
一次风机 A 出口挡板已开
PA fan A outlet damper opened
手动或程控启动中，均执行以上步骤。
During the manual or programmable control startup, carry out the above
procedures.
11.3.3 当一台一次风机运行，启动另一台风机并联运行的操作
11.3.3 When one primary air fan is in operation, procedures for startup and parallel
operation of the other air fan are as follows
11.3.3.1 启动步序与单独启动步序相同。
11.3.3.1 The startup procedures are the same with the startup procedures of one fan.
11.3.3.2 一次风机入口调节挡板释放后，逐渐开大入口调节挡板；同时逐渐关小运行风机的
入口调节挡板，保持风压、风量稳定。
11.3.3.2 Gradually open the inlet governing damper after releasing it. Meanwhile, gradually
close the inlet governing damper of the operating air fan to maintain the air
pressure and air amount stable.
11.3.3.3 当两台一次风机出力相同时，开大入口调节挡板，达到运行所要求的工况点。
11.3.3.3 When the outputs of the two primary air fans are the same, open more fully the
inlet regulating damper to the required working condition point.
11.4 风机运行调整与维护
11.4 Operation, Adjustment and Maintenance of Air Fan
1) 风机出口、冷风挡板自动调节装置故障时，立即切为手动，及时联系修复。
1) When a fault occurs to the automatic adjusting device of inlet damper of air
fan, switch it to Manual mode right away and contact maintenance personnel
to repair.
2) 相应两台风机并列运行时应保持同步运行。
2) The two corresponding air fans running in parallel should be synchronous.
3) 运行中必须监视的数值（见下表）
：
3) Values to be monitored during operation:
一次风机
249
报警值跳闸值
电机线圈温度 135℃ 145℃
风机振动 6.3 mm/s 7. mm/s 1

PA fan
PAF Motor stator coil temperature 135℃ 145℃
Vibration of air fan 6.3 mm/s 7. mm/s 1
11.5 一次风机的停运
11.5 Shutdown of Primary Air Fan
11.5.1 停运允许条件
11.5.1 The Allowable Conditions for the Shutdown
11.5.1.1 对侧一次风机在运行状态；
11.5.1.1 The primary air fan on the opposite side is in operation.
11.5.1.2 对侧一次风机在停运状态，且磨煤机全停或炉 MFT。
11.5.1.2 The primary air fan on the opposite side is in shutdown state and all of the coal
mills are shutdown or the boiler MFT has triggered.
11.5.2 停运步序
11.5.2 Shutdown Procedures
手动或程控操作时均应进行以下步序：
During the manual or programmable control startup, carry out the following
procedures:
顺控停止
Sequence shutdown
步一：指令：关一次风机 A 入口调节门
Step 1: instruct: close PA fan A inlet adjusting valve
步二：条件：一次风机 A 入口调节门在最小位置
Step 2: permit: PA fan A inlet adjusting valve is in its minimum position
指令：停一次风机 A
250
Instruct: stop PA fan A
步三：条件：一次风机 A 已停
Step 3: permit: PA fan A stopped
指令：关一次风机 A 出口挡板
Instruct: close PA fan A outlet damper
一次风机 A 出口挡板已关
PA fan A outlet damper closed
11.5.3 当两台一次风机并联运行时，停止其中一台的操作
11.5.3 When the two primary air fans are in parallel operation, procedures for shutting
down one of the two are as follows
11.5.3.1 逐渐开大运行风机的入口调节挡板，同时逐渐关小待停风机的入口调节挡板，保持
一次风压、风量稳定。
11.5.3.1 Gradually open the inlet regulating damper of the operating air fan. Gradually
close the inlet regulating damper of the fan which will be shut down at the same
time to maintain the air pressure and flow stable.
11.5.3.2 当待停风机的入口调节挡板关闭时，按“停止步序”进行停止操作。
11.5.3.2 When closing the inlet regulating damper of the air fan which will be shut down,
shut down according to the Shutdown Procedures.
11.6 一次风机故障跳闸
11.6 PA Fan Trip due to Failure
11.6.1 一次风机保护联锁跳闸条件
11.6.1 Protective interlock trip conditions of PA fan
11.6.1.1 MFT 来信号（来自 FSSS）；
11.6.1.1 Signal is sent by MFT (from FSSS);
11.6.1.2 轴承温度＞85℃（PAFABTH 或 PAFBBTH）；
11.6.1.3 Bearing temperature is＞85℃ (PAFABTH or PAFBBTH);
11.6.2 一次风机电机保护联锁跳闸条件 PAFA（PAFB）
11.6.2 Protective interlock trip conditions of Motor of primary air fan PAFA (PAFB)
一次风机 A 跳闸条件（或）
PA fan A trip permits (or)
 一次风机 A 运行且出口挡板已关（延时 60S）
 PA fan A in service and outlet damper closed(delay 60s)
 空预器 A 停（延迟 5s）
 Air preheater A stopped(delay 5s)
 引风机 A、B 均停
251
 ID fan A, B stopped
 送风机 A、B 均停
 FD fan A, B stopped
 MFT 要求跳闸一次风机
 MFT trips PA fan
 一次风机 A 温度保护跳闸
 PA fan A temperature protection trip
11.6.3 现象
11.6.3 Description
11.6.3.1 跳闸转机电流回零，并发出声、光报警；
11.6.3.1 Current of tripped primary air fan returns to zero, and send out acousto-optic
alarm;
11.6.3.2 锅炉汽温汽压下降,炉膛负压增大；
11.6.3.2 Steam temperature and pressure of boiler decrease, vacuum of furnace
increases;
11.6.3.3 一次风压，流量迅速下降；
11.6.3.3 Primary air pressure and flow decrease quickly;
11.6.3.4 单台一次风机跳闸，机组运行方式投协调或机跟随时，RB 保护动作；
11.6.3.4 A set of primary air fan trips, operation mode of unit is CCS mode or turbine follow
mode, RB protection acts;
11.6.3.5 两台一次风机同时跳闸，有制粉系统运行信号时，锅炉 MFT 动作。
11.6.3.5 Two sets of primary air fan trip at the same time, and there is running signal of
pulverizing system, MFT of boiler occurs.
11.6.4 原因
11.6.4 Causes
11.6.4.1 电气系统或机械部分故障；
11.6.4.1 Faults of electrical system or mechanical system;
11.6.4.2 辅机本身保护动作；
11.6.4.2 Protection of auxiliary equipments acts;
11.6.4.3 按下事故按钮或误停；
11.6.4.3 Put the emergency button or shut down by mistake;
11.6.4.4 上级辅机跳闸联跳。
11.6.4.4 Trip caused by superior auxiliary equipments.
11.6.5 处理
11.6.5 Solutions
11.6.5.1 一次风机跳闸后不许强行合闸，复置跳闸转机开关；
252
11.6.5.1 Primary air fan trips and it is not allowed to start by interlock, reset trip switch of
tripped primary air fan;
11.6.5.2 RB 保护动作时，自动选择燃料，否则手动停止相应制粉设备；
11.6.5.2 When RB protection acts, select fuel automatically, or stop corresponding
pulverizing equipments manually.
11.6.5.4 投入油枪稳定燃烧；
11.6.5.4 Put into operation of oil gun to make sure stable combustion;
11.6.5.5 手动调整汽温、汽压、水位；
11.6.5.5 Adjust Steam temperature and pressure and water level;
11.6.5.6 调整引、送风机保持炉膛负压正常，加大运行一次风机出力；
11.6.5.6 Adjust ID fan and FD fan to make sure that vacuum of furnace is normal, increase
output of running primary air fan;
11.6.5.7 MFT 动作时，按其操作执行；
11.6.5.7 MFT is carried out as the following procedures;
11.6.5.8 查明原因，加以消除，恢复其运行。
11.6.5.8 Find out reasons and eliminate them to recover normal operation.
11.7.1.1 轴承故障。
11.7.1.3 振动超限。
11.7.1.5 轴承间隙过小。
253
11.7.2.1 转子由于沉淀物造成不平衡。
11.7.2.1 Unbalanced rotor due to deposits;
11.7.2.2 由于叶片一侧磨损不平衡。
11.7.2.2 Unbalance caused by wear of one side of blade;
11.7.2.3 轴承磨损增加间隙。
11.7.2.3 Widening clearance caused by bearing wear;
11.7.2.4 地脚螺丝、中分面螺丝松动。
11.7.2.4 Anchor bolts and bolts on centering surface loose;
11.7.2.5 自动调节系统发生故障。
11.7.2.5 Failure of automatic adjusting system;
11.7.2.6 主电机轴承故障。
11.7.2.6 Bearing of main motor failure.
11.7.3 风机出力不能调节的原因
11.7.3 Fan output cannot be adjusted
11.7.3.1 一次风机执行机构卡涩或失电。
11.7.3.1 Actuator of PA fan blockage or power-loss;
11.7.3.2 伺服电机损坏。
11.7.3.2 Servomotor damage.
11.8 Startup/shutdown of fans as well as motor and auxiliary equipment during
operation
11.8.1 风机电机
11.8.1 Fan motor
conditions are met.
11.8.2 一次风机出口挡板
11.8.2 Outlet damper of primary air fan
11.8.2.1 可手动开/关出口挡板。
11.8.2.1 The outlet damper can be opened/closed manually.
254
11.8.2.2 可程控开/关出口挡板。
11.8.2.2 The outlet damper can be opened/closed by program control.
11.8.2.3 本侧一次风机运行，禁关出口挡板。
11.8.2.3 When primary air fan at this side is in service, do not close the outlet damper.
11.8.2.4 本侧一次风机停运，对侧一次风机运行，禁开本风机出口挡板。
11.8.2.4 When the primary air fan at this side is out of service while that of the other side is
in operation, do not open the outlet damper of this fan.
11.8.2.5 本侧一次风机停运，联关本风机出口挡板。
11.8.2.5 When the primary air fan at this side shuts down, the outlet damper of this fan is
closed by interlock.
11.8.2.6 本侧一次风机运行，联开本风机出口挡板。
11.8.2.6 When the primary air fan at this side is running, the outlet damper of this fan is
opened by interlock.
11.8.2.7 本侧空预器停运，延时 5min，联关本侧出口挡板。
11.8.2.7 When the air heater is out of service, the outlet damper at this side is closed by
interlock after 5min delay.
11.8.3 一次风机出口冷风挡板
11.8.3 Outlet cooling air damper of primary air fan
同一次风机出口挡板。
Same with that of the outlet damper of primary air fan.
255
12 密封风机
12 Seal Fan
12.1 密封风机规范：
12.1 Seal Fan Specification
密封风机电动机
Seal air fan Motor
型号型号
HZ300-1 Y3552M-2
Model Model
流量功率
25878 m3/h 250 kW
Flow Power
提升压头电压
21303 Pa 6kV
Lifting head Voltage
电流转速
29.1A 2975 rpm
Current Rotation speed
12.2 密封风机启动前检查
12.2 Inspectations before Seal Fan Start
12.2.1 除按通则中的规定进行检查外，还应进行下列检查：
12.2.1 Except for the inspection items in general rules, the following items should also be
checked:
back and canceled.
turning gear.
12.2.1.5 各轴承冷却进水、回水阀开启。
12.2.1.5 Every oil cooler water intake and returning water valve are open.
12.3 密封风机的相关逻辑
12.3 Relative Logic of Seal Fan
256
备启条件：
Startup permits:
密封风压力低于__kPa
Sealing air pressure below KPa
运行风机跳闸（画面设投切开关）
Running fan trips (switch available on graph)
1 密封风机 A 控制
1 Sealing air fan A control
启动允许：
Startup permits:
联锁启动：
Interlock startup
密封风机 A 联锁启动命令
Sealing air fan A interlock startup instruct
停允许（或）
：
Stop permit (or)
磨煤机全停
All mills stopped
密封风机 B 运行
Seal air fan B in service
联锁停（或）
：
Interlock shutdown(or)
密封风机 A 合闸且入口门关闭（脉冲，延迟 30s）
Sealing air fan A switch”on” and inlet valve closed(impulse, delay 30s)
一次风机全部跳闸脉冲
All PA fans trip impulse
2 密封风机 B 控制
2 Sealing air fan B control
逻辑同 A。只是逻辑中 A、B 分别改为 B、A。
Same as A in logic. The only difference is that logic A and B are changed into
B and A
密封风机进出口挡板
Seling air fan inlet and outlet damper
1 密封风机 A 进口调节挡板
257
1 Sealing air fan A inlet adjusting damper
联锁开（或）
：无。
Interlock open (or): none
关允许（或）
：
Close permit (or)
密封风机 A 跳闸
Sealing air fan A trip
联锁关：
Interlock close:
密封风机 A 跳闸脉冲
Sealing air fan A trip impulse
2 密封风机 B 进口调节挡板
2 Sealing air fan B inlet adjusting damper
联锁开（或）
：无。
Interlock open (or): none
关允许（或）
：
Close permit (or):
密封风机 B 跳闸
Sealing air fan B trip
联锁关：
Interlock close
密封风机 B 跳闸脉冲
Sealing air fan B trip impulse
12.4 密封风机启动注意事项
12.4 Considerrations for sealing air fan startup
12.4.1 在确认通风系统，电气系统及其他机械均处于正常状态时，可进行运转。合上电闸
3-6 秒后立即切断，确认其转向及是否存在不正常声音、振动。
12.4.1 The sealing air should not be operated until the ventilation system and electrical
systems are confirmed to be in normal state. Open the switch after 3-6s closing to
check if the rotation direction is correct and if abnormal sound and vibration are
found.
12.4.2 若在瞬时运转时，发现存有异常情况，则消除异常后再进行运行。
12.4.2 Any abnormal situation found during instantaneous running should be removed
before operating it.
12.4.3 一般风机的电机启动时的电流为额定电流的 5-7 倍，然后渐渐降低。若电流回落速
258
度过慢则停止运行，检查电机供电系统。
12.4.3 Normally, the current for starting fan motor is 5-7times than rated current and it
gradually decreases. Any fast reduction in current requires shutdown and a check
of power system of the motor.
12.4.4 根据电流表的指示值，慢慢的调整调节门，使风压及风量满足需要。
12.4.4 Adjust the governing valve to make air pressure and air flow meet relevant
requirements.
12.4.5 检查轴承的振动、温度。声响。
12.4.5 Check the bearing vibration, temperature and sound
12.5 密封风机的故障
12.5 Sealing Air Fan Faults
12.5.1 风量过小
12.5.1 Low air flow
12.5.1.1 系统风管漏风及阻力过大。
12.5.1.1 System air pipe leakage and resistance increases
12.5.1.2 调节门开度过小
12.5.1.2 Opening of adjusting valve is insufficient
12.5.1.3 转向错误
12.5.1.3 Incorrect rotation
12.5.2 电机超载
12.5.2 Motor overload
12.5.2.1 电机功率选用过小
12.5.2.1 Low motor power
12.5.2.2 调节门调整过大
12.5.2.2 The openness of adjusting valve is larger than required
12.5.2.3 电机故障
12.5.2.3 Motor faults
12.5.3 发生异常音响
12.5.3 Abnormal sound
12.5.3.1 杂物混入轴承
12.5.3.1 Foreign matter enters bearing
12.5.3.2 轴承裂纹或伤痕
12.5.3.2 Bearing cracks or flaws
12.5.3.3 叶轮碰撞
12.5.3.3 Impeller collides
259
12.5.3.4 管道系统不良、风机选型不当、气流喘振
12.5.3.4 Poor pipe system, inappropriate fan model, flow surge
12.5.3.5 管道连接不良
12.5.3.5 Pipes are not connected properly
12.5.3.6 风速过大
12.5.3.6 Fast air flow
12.5.4 轴承温度急剧上升
12.5.4 Drastic temperture increase in bearing
12.5.4.1 轴承故障发热
12.5.4.1 Bearings get heated due to fault
12.5.4.2 轴承安装不良
12.5.4.2 Bearings are not well installed
12.5.4.3 叶轮动平衡不良
12.5.4.3 Poor dynamic balance of impeller
12.5.4.4 润滑油变质
12.5.4.4 Lube oil deteriorates
12.5.4.5 电机超载、密封部碰擦
12.5.4.5 Motor overload, seal parts collide
260
13 制粉系统
13 Coal Pulverizing System
13.1 设备规范
13.1 Equipment Specification
13.1.1 磨煤机规范
13.1.1 Specifications of Coal Pulverizer
磨煤机电动机
Pulverizer Motor
型号功率
MPS190G 450 kW
Model Power
保证出力电压
36.7 t/h 6.kV
Rated output Voltage
最大通风量转速
20.18 kg/s 990rpm
Maximum air flow Rotation speed
最大阻力
电流
Maximum 6.57 kPa 51.8A
Current
stance
磨碗转速型号
29 rpm YMPS450-6
Grinding table RS Model
13.1.2 磨煤机油站规范
13.1.2 Specifications of Coal Pulverizer Oil Station
项目单位数据
Item Company Parameter
型号
MPS190G 160M-8/4V1
Model
公称流量
L/min 175
Nominal flow
公称压力
MPa 0.8
Nominal pressure
介质温度
℃ 45 - 49
Medium temp
261
油箱容积
L 1500
Oil tank volume
过滤精度
mm 0.025
Filtering precision
出油口 DN
mm 50
Oil outlet DN
回油口 DN
mm 125
Return oil inlet DN
进水口 DN
mm 65
Water inlet DN
出水口 DN
mm 65
Water outlet DN
冷却面积
m2 16
Cooling area
冷却水耗量
m3/h 15.7
Cooling water volume
电动机型号
Y132M-4/7.5
Motor model
电加热
v/kw 380/1.5×6
Electric heating
13.1.3 给煤机规范
13.1.3 Specifications of Coal Feeder
项目单位数据
Item Company Parameter
型号
GM-BSC22-26
Model
出力范围
t/h 6 - 60
Output range
262
清扫电机功率
kW 0.37
Cleaning motor power
功率
kW 2.2
Power
给煤距离
mm 1900
Coal feeding distance
13.2 磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油系统启动前的准备、检查及运行
13.2 Preparations, Checks and Operations before Lube Oil System Startup of Mill
Gearbox
13.2.1 启动前检查
13.2.1 Checks before startup
13.2.1.1 实地检查设备完整，检修工作已结束，工作票终结或有试转单。
13.2.1.1 Check that local equipment is complete and maintenance has been finished,
working permit is completed or test running sheet has been acquired.
13.2.1.2 检查润滑油箱油位正常（＞ 700 ㎜），油质良好。
13.2.1.2 Check that oil level in lube oil tank is normal (＞700 ㎜) and oil quality is good.
13.2.1.3 检查润滑油泵、油箱电加热接线良好。
13.2.1.3 Check that wiring of lube oil pump and oil tank electric heater is good.
13.2.1.4 检查润滑油系统有关阀门符合要求，冷却水畅通。油泵出口滤网切换手柄在左侧或
右侧。
13.2.1.4 Check the corresponding valves of lube oil system meet the requirements and
cooling water flowpath is unobstructed. Check the switch handle of oil pump outlet
filter is at left side or right side.
13.2.1.5 检查油箱加热切换开关在“AUTO”位置。
13.2.1.5 Check that the heating switch of oil tank is at AUTO position.
13.2.1.6 汇报值长，磨煤机润滑油泵可以送电。
13.2.1.6 Report to shiftleader that the lube oil pump of pulverizer can be energized.
13.2.2 磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油泵的启动及运行注意事项
13.2.2 Startup and operation precautions of coal pulverizer gearbox lube oil pump
13.2.2.1 得磨煤机润滑油泵电源送上的通知。
13.2.2.1 Receive notification allowing energization of lube oil pump.
13.2.2.2 就地确认油箱油温在 30℃以上，在控制盘上将启动开关置“START”位置，检查运
行指示灯亮，油泵运行正常。
13.2.2.2 Confirm locally that oil temperature of oil tank is above 30 ℃ and put the start
263
switch at START position on the control panel. Check the operation indicating light
is on and oil pump operates normally.
13.2.2.3 若用 DCS 启动，将启停开关置“远方”位置。
13.2.2.3 If DCS startup is used, put start & stop switch at REMOTE position.
13.2.2.4 润滑油泵启动正常后，应检查系统无泄漏现象，检查轴承箱油位、油压、油温正常。
13.2.2.4 After lube oil pump starts normally, check that there is no bearing oil leakage and
that oil level, pressure and temperature are all normal.
13.2.2.5 润滑油系统电加热器的运行情况要密切注意，避免润滑油系统运行后电加热器仍投
入运行使油箱温度不正常升高的情况发生。
13.2.2.5 Closely monitor the operation of lube oil system electric heater to prevent oil tank
temperature rising abnormally caused by electric heater still being in operation
after lube oil system is operating.
13.2.3 润滑油泵的停用
13.2.3 Shutdown of lube oil pump
13.2.3.1 当磨煤机停运后 2 分钟，可停用磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油泵。
13.2.3.1 When coal pulverizer stops for two minutes, shut down lube oil pump of coal
pulverizer gearbox.
13.2.3.2 就地将润滑油泵启停开关置“STOP”位置，检查确认润滑油泵停止运行。
13.2.3.2 Locally put the start & stop switch at STOP position. Check and confirm the lube
oil pump stops.
13.2.3.3 根据需要关闭冷却水进回水门。
13.2.3.3 Close inlet cooling water valve in accordance with the requirements.
13.2.4 当下列任一条件发生，齿轮箱润滑油泵将跳闸
13.2.4 If any of the following conditions occur, gearbox lube oil pump will trip
13.2.4.1 润滑油箱温度＜30℃。
13.2.4.1 Lube oil tank temperature ＜30℃
13.2.4.2 推力轴承温度(4 取 1) ＞80℃。
13.2.4.2 Thrust bearing temperature (one out of four) ＞80℃
13.2.4.3 在油泵启动时间大于 25 秒以后，如果润滑油供油压力＜0.07Mpa，延时 2 秒跳油
泵。
13.2.4.3 When the oil pump startup time is more than 25s, if lube oil pressure is less than
0.07Mpa, the oil pump will trip after delaying 2s.
13.2.4.4 润滑油供油温度＞65℃。
13.2.4.4 Lube oil temperature ＞65℃
13.2.4.5 润滑油箱油位低于 700 ㎜。
13.2.4.5 Lube oil tank level is lower than 700 ㎜.
13.2.4.6 该润滑油系统控制电源丧失 10 秒钟内不能恢复时。
264
13.2.4.6 The control power supply of lube oil system can not recover within 10s after being
lost.
13.2.5 当以下所有条件满足，则磨煤机启动条件中润滑油许可
13.2.5 When all of the following conditions are met, the lube oil included in pulverizer
startup condition permits
13.2.5.1 润滑油泵启动。
13.2.5.1 Lube oil pump starts up.
13.2.5.2 润滑油供油温度＞35℃。
13.2.5.2 Supply lube oil temperature ＞35℃
13.2.5.3 润滑油供油压力＞0.09Mpa，并且此压力必须保持 3 分钟以上。
13.2.5.3 Supply lube oil pressure ＞0.09Mpa which must keep more than 3 minutes.
13.2.5.4 润滑油供油流量＞33GPM(125L/min)
13.2.5.4 Supply lube oil flow ＞33GPM(125L/min)
13.2.5.5 油泵在运行中供油温度＞40℃，且滤网差压＜0.2Kpa。
13.2.5.5 Supply oil temperature in operation is more than 40℃ and DP of filter is less than
0.2Kpa.
13.2.6 当以下任一条件发生时，将引起磨煤机跳闸
13.2.6 If any following condition happens, pulverizer will trip
13.2.6.1 润滑油泵不在运行，跳闸或人为停用。
13.2.6.1 Lube oil pump doesn’t operate, trips or is stopped manually.
13.2.6.2 供油压力＜0.07Mpa 延时 2 秒。
13.2.6.2 Supply oil pressure is less than 0.07Mpa and delays for 2s.
13.2.6.3 推力轴承温度(4 取 1) ＞80℃。
13.2.6.3 Thrust bearing temperature (one out of four) ＞80℃
13.2.6.4 供油温度＞65℃。
13.2.6.4 Supply oil temperature ＞65℃
13.2.6.5 润滑油箱油温＜30℃。
13.2.6.5 Lube oil tank temperature ＜30℃
13.2.6.6 润滑油箱油位＜700 ㎜。
13.2.6.6 Lube oil tank level ＜700 ㎜
13.3 磨煤机、给煤机的运行前检查
13.3 Coal pulverizer and coal feeder check before operation
13.3.1 磨煤机的启动前检查
13.3.1 Checks before startup of pulverizer
265
13.3.1.1 实地检查磨煤机设备完整，检修工作已结束，工作票终结或有试转单。
13.3.1.1 Check locally equipments are complete and maintenance has finished, work
permits are terminated or test running sheet has been acquired.
13.3.1.2 检查磨煤机电动机接线良好，靠背轮连接好，防护罩完整。
13.3.1.2 Check the connection wire of coal pulverizer motor is in good condition, coupler is
installed appropriately and protection cover is in good condition.
13.3.1.3 检查磨煤机分离器折向门开度在 “4”位置，所有人孔门关闭。
13.3.1.3 Check that deflecting damper of coal pulverizer separator is in the 4 position and
all man holes are closed.
13.3.1.4 检查确认磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油系统已投入运行。
13.3.1.4 Check and confirm that lube oil system of coal pulverizer gearbox has been put
into operation.
13.3.1.5 检查确认磨煤机马达润滑油系统已投入运行。
13.3.1.5 Check and confirm that lube oil system of pulverizer motor has been put into
operation.
13.3.1.6 开启磨煤机出口门。
13.3.1.6 Open coal pulverizer outlet damper.
13.3.1.7 联系灰控值班员开启并确认磨煤机石子煤斗隔绝阀。石子煤系统可用。
13.3.1.7 Contact ash handling operator to open and confirm and position of the pulverizer
pyrite hopper isolating valve. Ensure the pyrite system is available.
13.3.1.8 检查蒸汽灭火系统正常，蒸汽灭火隔绝阀开（暂关闭），控制阀关闭。该阀的蒸汽
及控制气一次门开启。
13.3.1.8 Check the steam fire-fighting system is normal, steam fire-fighting insulating valve
is open (closed temporarily), control valve is closed. Check the steam and control
air primary valve of the valve is opened.
13.3.1.9 汇报值长，磨煤机可以送电。
13.3.1.9 Report to the shiftleader that pulverizer can be energized.
13.3.2 给煤机启动前检查
13.3.2 Checks before coal feeder startup
13.3.2.1 实地检查给煤机设备完整，检查工作结束，热力工作票终结。
13.3.2.1 Locally check that coal feeder is complete, maintenance has been finished, and
hot work permit is terminated.
13.3.2.2 检查确认给煤机皮带上无异物。
13.3.2.2 Check that there is no foreign matter on belt of coal feeder
13.3.2.3 检查确认煤仓煤位正常，缓慢开启给煤机煤闸门。
13.3.2.3 Check that coal level in the bunker is normal. Open damper of coal feeder slowly.
13.3.2.4 开启给煤机密封风门(30～50％)，给煤机内照明完好。
13.3.2.4 Open sealing air damper of coal feeder (30 - 50 ％ ). The lighting in coal feeder
266
should be in good condition.
13.3.2.5 汇报值长，给煤机可以送电。
13.3.2.5 Report to shiftleader that coal feeder can be energized.
13.4 制粉系统的启动
13.4 Startup of pulverizing system
燃煤控制逻辑完成各制粉系统的投入、切除操作，并在正常运行时密切监视各煤层
的重要参数，必要时切断进入炉膛的煤粉，以保证炉膛安全。以下以 A 磨为例说明。
Coal combustion control logic finishes the activation and the cutoff operation of
each coal pulverizing system. During the normal operation, closely monitor the
important parameters of each coal layer, and cut off the as-fired pulverized coal
when necessary to guarantee the furnace safety. The sample below has mill A as
an example.
以下条件全部满足，认为 A 煤层投运：
If it has all the following conditions, it is deemed that mill A is activated.
A 磨煤机合闸
Mill A is energized.
A 给煤机运行达 2 分钟
Coal Feeder A operates for 2 minutes.
A1、A2、A3、A4 角中至少 3 角有火焰检测
At least 3 of the 4 angles have flame detected.
13.4.1 磨煤机的启动条件
13.4.1 Startup conditions of pulverizer
13.4.1.1 A 磨煤机启动允许条件（与）
：
13.4.1.1 Mill A startup conditions (with):
润滑油系统 OK（1、磨煤机 A 润滑油压力不低，延时 180s;2、磨煤机 A 润滑油流
量不低；3、磨煤机 A 润滑油滤网差压不高；4、任一润滑油泵已启；5、磨煤机 A
润滑油箱温度正常（30℃到 45℃）。
Lubrication oil system OK (1, lubrication oil pressure of mill A is not low, delay
180s; 2, lubrication oil flow of mill A is not low; 3, the pressure difference of the
lubrication oil filter of mill A is not high; 4, any one of the lubrication oil pump has
been started up; 5, temperature of the lubrication oil tank of the mill A is normal
(30℃到 45℃)
一次风量 OK（1、任一一次风机运行；2、磨煤机 A 进口一次风量大于 51.2t/h）
PA volume OK (1, any PA fan is in operation; 2, PA volume of the mill A inlet is
more than 51.2t/h)
门位置 OK（1、磨煤机 A 出口门全开；2、删除；3、磨煤机 A 冷风关断门开位置；
4、磨煤机 A 热风关断门开位置；5、磨煤机 A 灭火蒸汽门关位置）（逐个确认手动
门或电动门）
267
Valve position OK (1, mill A outlet valves are fully opened; 2, delete; 3, mill A
cold air shutoff valve is in OPEN position: 4, mill A hot air shutoff valve is in OPEN
position; 5, mill A fire extinguishment steam valve is in CLOSE position)
( guarantee the manual or motor driven valve one by one）。
排渣系统 OK（1、磨煤机 A 排渣门开位置；2、磨煤机 A 石子煤斗排渣门关位置）
（待确认手动门或电动门）
Slag discharging system OK (1, mill A discharging valve is in OPEN position; 2,
the pyrite slag discharging valve is in CLOSE position of the mill A) (wait to
ascertain manual or motor driven valve)
任一密封风机运行
Any sealing air fan is in operation
密封风与一次风差压 OK（磨煤机 A 密封风与磨碗下部差压大于 2kPa，延时 5s）
Pressure difference between the sealing air and the PA OK ( pressure difference
between the mill A sealing air and the bowl mill lower part is more than 2KPa,
delay 5s)
煤层点火允许
The coal layer ignition permission
出口风粉混合温度正常（三取中，大于 65℃小于 85℃）
The outlet air and pulverized coal mixed temperature is normal ( choose the
intermediate one out of three, between 65℃ and 85℃)
一次风压正常（任一一次风机已启与上磨煤机 A 进口风压力低选高于一定值）
The PA pressure is normal ( any PA fan has been started up, at the same time,
the inlet air pressure of the mill A is more than the set value)
煤层点火能量 OK（具体在下面单独说明）
The coal layer ignition energy is OK ( detailed instructions is presented below)
磨煤机 A 电机轴承、减速机轴承、分离器轴承温度都低于 60℃
Temperature of Mill A motor bearing, gearbox bearing, separator bearing is lower
than 60℃.
没有磨煤机 A 跳闸条件
No mill A trip conditions
煤层点火能量 OK 具体定义如下:
Detailed definition of the coal layer ignition energy presents as follows:
第一种情况为：
The first condition :
锅炉负荷>50%且有 2 台以上磨煤机运行
The boiler load is more than 50%, and more than two coal pulverizers are in
operation.
第二种情况为（与）：
268
The second condition :
锅炉负荷＞25%
The boiler load is more than 25%
相邻的任一层的磨煤机运行且给煤机转速＞35r/min（待确定用哪个信号）
Coal pulverizer in any neighboring layer is in operation and the rotating speed of
the coal feeder is more than 35r/min ( wait to guarantee which signal will be used)
第三种情况为：
The third condition:
相邻的油层投运（对于磨煤机 A 即，AB 油层投运）
The neighboring oil layer is put into operation ( for mill A ,it refers to oil layer AB is
activated)
13.4.1.2 A 煤层顺序控制
13.4.1.2 Oil layer A sequence control
A 制粉系统的顺控启动步序：
Sequence control procedure of coal pulverizing system:
制粉系统顺控启动
Coal pulverizing system sequence control startup
启动磨煤机润滑油系统（启动润滑油泵）
Start up the coal pulverizer lubrication oil system( start up lubrication oil pump)
操作除冷热风门外的磨相关门（开密封风门；开入口阀密封风门；开磨煤机排渣门；
关灭火蒸汽门；关石子煤斗排渣门）
Operate the related valves of the coal pulverizer excluding the cold and hot air
valve (open sealing air valve; open inlet sealing air valve; open coal pulverizer
slag discharging valve; close fire extinguishment steam valve; close pyrite slag
discharging valve)
开启磨煤机出口门
Open coal pulverizer outlet valve
开启磨煤机冷热风关断门（对于磨煤机 A 在二次风温低于 160 度）
Open coal pulverizer cold and hot air shutoff valve( mill A under SA temperature is
less than 160℃)
吹扫磨煤机 50s
Do coal pulverizer purging 50s.
满足磨煤机启动条件后，暖磨 45s
After the coal pulverizer startup conditions are met, warm up mill 45s.
启动磨煤机电机，延时 60s
Start up coal pulverizer motor, delay 60s
269
开给煤机密封门及出口闸阀，同时将给煤机转速置最小
Open coal feeder sealing air valve and outlet trip valve, at the same time, adjust
the rotating speed of the coal feeder to the lowest speed.
启动给煤机，延时 2s
Start up coal feeder, delay 2s
开启给煤机入口闸阀，延时 40s
Open coal feeder inlet trip valve,delay 40s.
将给煤机投自动
Put coal feeder into AUTO mode
二 A 制粉系统的顺控停止步序:
II Coal pulverizing system A sequence control procedure:
在煤层点火能量满足条件下：
After the coal layer ignition energy conditions are met:
将给煤机 A 指令置最小值
Adjust the coal feeder A command value to the lowest one
控制磨煤机出口温度：逐渐开冷风调节门、关闭热风调节门。
Control coal pulverizer outlet temperature: open the cold air control valve
gradually and close the hot air control valve.
磨煤机出口温度≤70℃，关给煤机入口门，（延时 15s）
Coal pulverizer outlet temperature ≤70℃, close coal feeder inlet valve,( delay 15
seconds)
停止给煤机运行
Stop coal pulverizer
关闭给煤机出口门，延时 120s
Close coal feeder outlet valve, delay 120s
停止磨煤机、分离器运行
Stop coal pulverizer and separator
关闭磨煤机热风关断门
Close hot air shutoff valve
关闭磨煤机 4 个出口门中的 3 个
Close three of the four outlet valves of the coal pulverizer
关闭冷风关断门
Close cold air shutoff valve
关闭磨煤机出口门，停运润滑油泵
Close coal pulverizer outlet valve, shut down lubrication oil pump
270
13.4.1.3 磨 A 逻辑：
13.4.1.3 Mill A logic
启动允许： A 磨启动条件
Startup permission: mill A startup conditions
顺控启动： A 煤层顺控来启动 A 磨煤机指令。
Sequence control startup: command for coal layer A sequence control to start up
mill A.
顺控停：A 煤层顺控来停止 A 磨煤机指令。
Sequence control shutdown: command for coal layer A sequence control to shut
down mill A.
超驰停：A 磨跳闸条件
Override shutdown: mill A trip conditions
手/自动切换，运行人员通过 CRT 操作
Manual or motor switch, the operator operates through CRT
13.4.1.4 给煤机 A 启动允许条件：
13.4.1.4 Coal feeder A startup permissive conditions:
(1) 磨煤机 A 运行
(1) Coal pulverizer A is in operation
(2) 65℃＜磨煤机 A 出口温度＜82℃
(2) 65℃＜Coal pulverizer A outlet temperature ＜82℃
(3) 磨煤机 A 出口门全开
(3) Coal pulverizer A outlet valves are all opened
(4) 无给煤机 A 堵煤信号
(4) No coal feeder A coal clogging signal
(5) 无给煤机 A 内部超温信号
(5) No coal feeder A internal overtemperature signal.
(6) 给煤机 A 出口门开
(6) Coal feeder A outlet valve is opened.
(7) 给煤机 A 密封风门开
(7) Coal feeder A sealing air valve is opened.
(8) 磨煤机 A 启动条件之一次风量 OK（1、任一一次风机运行；2、磨煤机 A 进口
一次风量大于 51.2t/h）
(8) One of the startup conditions for the mill A is that the PA volume is OK (1, any
one of the PA fan is in operation; 2, mill A inlet air volume is more than
51.2t/h)
(9) 无给煤机 A 跳闸条件
271
(9) No coal feeder A trip conditions
13.4.1.5 给煤机 A 逻辑：
13.4.1.5 Coal pulverizer Logic A
启动允许：给煤机 A 启动允许
Startup permission: Coal pulverizer A startup permission
顺控启动： A 煤层顺控来启动给煤机 A 指令。
Sequence control startup: command for coal layer A sequence control to start up
coal feeder A.
顺控停：A 煤层顺控来停止给煤机 A 指令。
Sequence control shutdown: command for coal layer A sequence control to shut
down coal feeder A.
超驰停：给煤机 A 跳闸条件
Override shutdown: coal feeder A trip conditions
手/自动切换，运行人员通过 CRT 操作
Manual or motor switch, the operator operates through CRT
13.4.2 首次磨煤机的启动(手动)
13.4.2 Initial startup of Coal Pulverizer (In manual way)
13.4.2.1 得值长磨煤机电源已送上的通知，且启动条件满足。
13.4.2.1 The information that the coal pulverizer has been supplied with power is attained
from the shift leader and the startup requirements are met.
13.4.2.2 在 DCS 操作窗上按“START”钮。
13.4.2.2 Press START button in DCS operation window.
13.4.2.3 磨煤机启动，此时应检查磨煤机空载电流正常（22A 左右）
。
13.4.2.3 After the coal pulverizer is started up,it should be checked to make sure the
no-load current is normal (22A or so).
13.4.2.4 逐渐开启磨煤机热风隔绝门，微开热风调整门。
13.4.2.4 Gradually open the hot air isolating valve of coal pulverizer and slightly open the
hot air control valve.
13.4.2.5 适当开启冷风调整门，对磨煤机进行吹扫、暖磨，并控制磨煤机温升。暖磨时间不
少于 15 分钟。
13.4.2.5 Appropriately open cooling air adjusting valve to purge and warm the coal
pulverizer and control the temperature rise of coal pulverizer than. The pulverizer
warming time is no less than 15 minutes.
13.4.3 首次给煤机的启动(手动)
13.4.3 Initial startup of Coal Feeder (In manual way)
13.4.3.1 得给煤机电源送上的通知，确认给煤机就地控制屏显示正确， “READY” ，
“REMOTE”指示灯亮，磨煤机在手动控制方式。
13.4.3.1 Receive notification that the coal feeder has been supplied with power and
272
confirm the local control panel display of coal feeder is normal, READY and
REMOTE indication lights are on and the pulverizer is in manual control mode.
13.4.3.2 投入给煤机照明，投入给煤机皮带清扫装置。
13.4.3.2 Activate the lighting of coal feeder and the coal feeder belt cleaning device.
13.4.3.3 确认磨煤机出口温度在 40℃-45℃。
13.4.3.3 Confirm the outlet temperature of coal pulverizer is at 40℃ - 45℃.
13.4.3.4 确认给煤机转速指令在最低值(25％)。
13.4.3.4 Confirm the coal feeder rotating speed command is at the minimum value (25%).
13.4.3.5 在 CRT 操作窗按给煤机“START”钮。
13.4.3.5 Press the feeder START button on CRT operation window.
13.4.3.6 给煤机启动后，应检查磨煤机电流、风量和出口温度正常，最小给煤量 10t/h，就地
应检查给煤机运行正常，磨煤机无异常。
13.4.3.6 After the coal feeder is started up, the current, air flow and outlet temperature of
the pulverizer should be checked to make sure they are normal and the minimum
coal feeding capacity is 10t/h. Check the coal feeder and pulverizer onsite to
make sure they are in normal operation.
13.4.3.7 给煤机、磨煤机运行正常后，可将磨煤机的冷、热风调节风门投自动。
13.4.3.7 After coal feeder and pulverizer have been in normal operation, the hot and
cooling air tempering valve of coal pulverizer can be put into automatic mode.
13.5 制粉系统的运行
13.5 Operation of pulverizing system
1) 磨煤机起动时，就地必须有专人负责检查，发现异常情况应及时与机组值班员
联系。
1) During starting up of coal pulverizer, designated personnel must be
responsible for the local check. They should contact the operator quickly if
abnormal conditions arise.
2) 给煤机正常运行，给煤量的增减应维持磨煤机出口温度在设定值。
2) During normal operation of coal feeder, the changes in coal feeding amount
should ensure outlet temperature of pulverizer remain at set value.
3) 当一台磨煤机出力达到80％，应启动第二台磨煤机。
3) When the first pulverizer output reaches 80%, the second pulverizer should
be started.
4) 正常运行中，磨煤机出口温度应不超过66℃。
4) During normal operation, outlet temperature of pulverizer should not be
higher than 66℃.
5) 正常运行中，应经常检查各转动设备的轴承、齿轮箱和电动机无异常，温度及
振动正常，各转动部件的润滑情况良好，油温、油压、油位正常，油质良好。
5) During normal operation, the bearing, gear box and motor of rotating
273
equipment should be checked normal. Also check the temperature and
vibration, lubrication of rotating parts, oil temperature, pressure, oil level and
oil quality.
6) 磨煤机的磨辊转动正常，无异声。
6) The grinding rollers of pulverizer should rotates normally without abnormal
noise.
7) 各煤粉管畅通，温度正常，无漏粉现象。
7) The coal powder pipe is unobstructed; temperature is normal; and there is no
coal leakage.
8) 各轴承、人孔门和法兰等处无漏风、漏粉现象。
8) Bearings, manholes and flanges have no air and coal leakage
9) 给煤机内煤流正常，皮带导向和张力正常，给煤机皮带清扫装置运行良好，落
煤管及给煤管正常。
9) The coal flow, belt guidance and take-up of coal feeder are normal. The belt
cleaning equipment operates well. Coal chute and coal feeding pipe are
normal.
10) 锅炉在正常运行中，运行或备用磨煤机（包括检修磨煤机）的热风隔绝门密封
风机应保持运行。锅炉停运检修后，应及时停用磨煤机热风隔绝门密封风机。
10) During normal operation of boiler, the hot air isolating valve seal air fan of
operating or standby pulverizers (including maintenance pulverizer) should
be kept running. During boiler maintenance, the hot air isolating valve of
sealing air fan of pulverizer should be stopped in time.
11) 磨煤机在正常运行中，若出口温度＞65℃时报警，出口温度＞75℃时，将自
动关闭热风隔绝门，并使冷风调节风门自动开足。
11) During normal operation of pulverizer, if outlet temp. is more than 65℃, it will
alarm. If outlet temperature is more than 75℃, hot air isolating valve will close
automatically and cold air tempering valve automatically opens.
12) 燃烧系统有关参数限额值
12) Parameters and limit values of combustion system
报警跳闸
序号
项目单位值值备注
Item
Description Unit Alarm Trip Notes
.
value value
轻油压力低关油阀
1 Mpa 2.8 2.4
Low light oil pressure Close oil valve
274
火焰检测器冷却风与炉膛压差
△P 低启动备用风机
2 kpa 1.5
△P of flame detector cooling Start standby air fan
air and furnace DP is low
冷却风机入口滤网差压大
3 Large cooling air fan inlet Kpa 0.5
screen DP
冷却风机入口滤网差压
4 Low cooling air fan inlet screen kpa 37
DP
密封风机出口与冷风道压差低
启动备用风机
5 Low seal air fan outlet and kpa 2.0
Start standby air fan
cooling air duct DP
密封风与磨碗下差压低
Trip pulverizer after
6 Seal air and grind table DP is kpa 3.25
delaying for 5 min
low.
延时 5 秒跳磨煤机
磨煤机混合风量低
7 T\h 40 Trip pulverizer after
Low pulverizer mixed flow
delaying for 5s
跳磨煤机延时 2s
磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油压力低
8 Mpa 0.09 0.07 Trip pulverizer after 2s
Low gearbox lube oil pressure
dalay
磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油温高跳磨煤机
9 ℃ 60 65
High gear box lube oil temp. Trip pulverizer
275
磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油箱油温低跳磨煤机
10 Low gearbox lube oil tank ℃ 35 30
temperature Trip pulverizer
磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油箱油位低跳磨煤机
11 mm 700 ﹤700
Low gearbox lube oil tank level Trip pulverizer
磨煤机齿轮箱推力瓦温度高
跳磨煤机
12 High gear box thrust bearing ℃ 75 80
Trip pulverizer
temp.
延时 2 秒磨煤机
磨煤机马达润滑油压力低
13 bar 0.9 0.7 Trip pulverizer after
Low motor lube oil pressure
delaying 20s
磨煤机马达轴承温度高 95℃时应停止运行
14 ℃ 90
High motor bearing temp. Stop running at 95℃
磨煤机马达定子线圈温度高
跳磨煤机
15 High motor stator winding ℃ 135 145
Trip pulverizer
temp.
取动关热风隔绝门
磨煤机出口温度高
16 ℃ 65 75 Interlock close hot air
High pulverizer outlet temp.
isolating valve
13.6 制粉系统的停止
13.6 Shutdown of Pulverizing System
13.6.1 给煤机的停运
13.6.1 Shutdown of coal feeder
13.6.1.1 正常停用给煤机前需确认该段点火能量具备。
276
13.6.1.1 Before normal shutdown of coal feeder, the igniting energy of this section should
be confirmed.
13.6.1.2 将给煤机速度控制由“自动”切“手动”，减少给煤量。
13.6.1.2 Switch the coal feeder speed control to AUTO from MANUAL and decrease the
coal feeding amount.
13.6.1.3 减少给煤机转速时应做到缓慢，减煤率不大于 10％。
13.6.1.3 Decreasing coal feeder rotation speed should be slow, not more than 10%.
13.6.1.4 减煤过程中应注意保持磨煤机出口温度正常。
13.6.1.4 During coal decreasing, outlet temperature of pulverizer should be kept normal.
13.6.1.5 当给煤率减至最小值后，通过 CRT 操作窗停用该给煤机。给煤机停用后，热风调
节风门自动关闭，同时延时 30 秒后关热风隔绝门，冷风调整门在 60 秒内自动由 5
％逐渐开至 40％。
13.6.1.5 When coal feeding amount decreases to a minimum, stop the coal feeder via the
CRT operation display. After shutdown, hot air tempering damper valve will close
automatically and hot air isolating valve closes after delaying for 30s. Cold air
adjusting valve will automatically open from 5% to 40% within 60s.
13.6.2 磨煤机的停运
13.6.2 Shutdown of pulverizer
13.6.2.1 给煤机停用后，应保持磨煤机在额定风量下运行不少于 10 分钟。
13.6.2.1 After coal feeder shutdown, pulverizer should be kept operating for at least 10
minutes with rated air flow.
13.6.2.2 待磨煤机吹空后，且磨煤机出口温度低于 45℃时，可停用磨煤机。
13.6.2.2 When pulverizer is empty and outlet temperature of pulverizer is less than 45℃,
pulverizer can be stopped.
13.6.2.3 磨煤机停用后，确认冷风调节风门自动关闭。
13.6.2.3 After pulverizer has stopped, cool air adjusting valve should be confirmed closed.
13.6.3 磨煤机正常运行时当发生下列情况则跳闸
13.6.3 Conditions for pulverizer trip during normal operation
(1) MFT
(1) MFT
(2) 煤层3/4角丢失火焰（给煤机在给煤量大于__t/h下运行180s情况下，A层煤燃烧
器丢失3角及以上火焰）
(2) Coal layer 3/4 corner flame out (under the circumstance of coal feeder’s coal
supply is larger than __t/h for 180s, in layer A 3 or more pulverized coal
burners flame is out)
(3) 失去A煤层点火能量（与）
(3) Layer A ignition energy loss (and)
 给煤机给煤量低于__t/h
277
 Coal feeder’s coal supply is lower than __t/h
 磨煤机点火能量不满足
 Coal pulverizer ignition energy cannot meet the requirement
(4) 一次风机全部跳闸
(4) All primary air fans trip
(5) 磨煤机出口门2个以上关闭
(5) Two or more coal pulverizer’s outlet valves are closed
(6) 一次风量低于51.2t/h的同时给煤机A运行，延时5s
(6) Primary air flow is lower than 51.2t/h and coal pulverizer A operates, delay 5s
(7) 两台润滑油泵都跳闸，延时2s
(7) Two lubrication oil pumps trip, delay 2s
(8) 润滑油压力低低，延时15s
(8) Lubrication oil pressure LL, delay 15s
(9) 润滑油温度＞65℃，延时15s
(9) Lubrication oil temperature ＞65℃, delay 15s
(10) 润滑油箱温度＜25℃，延时15s（是否必要，待核实厂家资料）
(10) Lubrication oil tank temperature ＜ 25 ℃ , delay 15s (whether or not it is
necessary still requires checking the manufacturer’s material later)
(11) 润滑油箱液位低，延时15s（是否必要，待核实厂家资料，建议取消）
(11) Lubrication oil tank level is low, delay 15s (whether or not it is necessary still
requires checking the manufacturer’s material later. We suggest not)
(12) 密封风与磨碗下部差压低于1.25kPa，延时60s
(12) Differential pressure between the sealing air and the part under the coal
pulverizer is lower than 1.25kPa, delay 60s
(13) 密封风机全停，延时10s
(13) All sealing air fans stop, delay 10s
(14) 磨煤机出口温度＞110℃，延时5s
(14) Coal pulverizer outlet temperature ＞110℃, delay 5s
(15) 磨煤机减速机轴承温度＞80℃
(15) Coal pulverizer gear box bearing temperature ＞80℃
(16) 磨煤机电机轴承温度＞80℃
(16) Coal pulverizer motor bearing temperature ＞80℃
(17) 磨煤机分离器轴承温度＞80℃
(17) Coal pulverizer’s separator bearing temperature ＞80℃
(18) 磨煤机电机线圈温度＞125℃
278
(18) Coal pulverizer motor coil temperature ＞125℃
13.6.4 给煤机正常运行时当发生下列情况则跳闸
13.6.4 Conditions for coal feeder trip during normal operation
(1) 给煤机A运行时，磨煤机A跳闸2s
(1) While coal feeder A in operation, coal pulverizer A trips 2s
(2) 给煤机A运行时，给煤机A出口门关闭，延时5s
(2) While coal feeder A in operation, coal feeder A outlet valve closes, delay 5s
(3) 给煤机A运行时，给煤机A出口堵煤，延时20s
(3) While coal feeder A in operation, coal feeder A outlet coal blockage, delay 20s
(4) 给煤机A运行时，给煤机A内部超温，延时5s
(4) While coal feeder A in operation, coal feeder A inside over temperature, delay
5s
(5) 给煤机A运行信号延时300s，与上给煤机A断煤信号延时60s
(5) Coal feeder A operation signal delay 300s,
13.6.5 给煤机在下列情况下将使转速指令置最小值
13.6.5 Under the following conditions, rotation speed is set to the minimum
13.6.5.1 给煤机自动停指令。
13.6.5.1 There is coal feeder auto stop command.
13.6.5.2 磨煤机马达功率高。
13.6.5.2 Pulverizer motor power is high.
13.6.5.3 给煤机 OFF。
13.6.5.3 Coal feeder is OFF.
13.7 制粉系统事故处理
13.7 Troubleshooting of Coal Pulverizing System
13.7.1 磨煤机齿轮箱润滑油压力低
13.7.1 Pressure of lubricant in pulverizer gearbox low
13.7.1.1 原因
13.7.1.1 Cause
1) 润滑油系统泄漏。
1) Lubricant oil system leakage;
2) 油泵故障或油泵靠背轮断掉。
2) Oil pump failure or coupling of pump broken;
3) 润滑油过滤器不洁，阻力大。
3) Lubricant oil filter being dirty causes excessive resistance;
279
4) 润滑油粘度高。
4) Excessive viscosity of lubricant oil.
13.7.1.2 处理
13.7.1.2 Solution
1) 若发现油系统泄漏或油泵故障，应即汇报值长停用油泵并联系检修。
1) Report to shift leader immediately when oil system leakage or oil pump failure
is found; shut down oil pump and contact maintenance personnel;
2) 若系滤网差压大，应切换滤网，并应联系检修进行滤网清洗。
2) If excessive differential pressure around filter, replace with a new one;
contact maintenance personnel to clean it;
3) 若润滑油粘度高，应检查齿轮箱润滑油电加热是否正常。
3) If excessive viscosity of lubricant oil, check gearbox lubricant heater.
13.7.2 磨煤机齿轮箱内温度过高或过低
13.7.2 Excessive or insufficient temperature inside pulverizer gear box
13.7.2.1 原因
13.7.2.1 Cause
1) 冷却器冷却水量过小或过大。
1) Insufficient or excessive cooling water in cooler;
2) 冷却器阻塞。
2) Cooler blockage;
13.7.2.2 处理
13.7.2.2 Solution
1) 调节冷却水流量。
1) Control cooling water flow;
2) 联系检修清理冷却器。
2) Contact maintenance personnel to clean cooler;
3) 检查电加热器是否故障。
3) Check electric heater;
13.7.3 磨煤机出口温度过高或过低
13.7.3 Too high or too low temperature at pulverizer outlet
13.7.3.1 原因
13.7.3.1 Cause
1) 磨煤机着火。
1) Fire in pulverizer;
2) 热风或冷风调节器故障。
280
2) Failure of hot air or cool air governor;
3) 磨煤机出口温度控制器故障。
3) Failure of temperature controller at pulverizer outlet;
4) 给煤太湿。
4) Fed coal too wet.
13.7.3.2 处理
13.7.3.2 Solution
1) 若磨煤机出口温度不正常地升高系火烧引起，应紧急停用该磨煤机，并对磨煤
机进行蒸汽或水灭火。
1) If pulverizer outlet temperature rises up abnormally, it is caused by fire;
deactivate pulverizer immediately; extinguish fire with steam or water;
2) 若磨煤机出口温度过低系煤太湿引起，应适当减少给煤量，开大热风调整门，
关小冷风调节门或适当提高磨煤机出口温度设定值。
2) If pulverizer outlet temperature is too low, it is caused by excessive wet coal;
decrease coal feeding appropriately; widely open hot air governing damper
while slightly closing cool air regulating damper, or appropriately increase
outlet temperature set value;
3) 若系调节器或控制器故障所引起的磨煤机出口温度不正常，应联系检修处理。
3) If it is caused by failure of regulator or controller, contact maintenance
personnel to repair.
13.7.4 磨煤机电动机电流过大或过小
13.7.4 Excessive or insufficient current of pulverizer motor
13.7.4.1 原因
13.7.4.1 Cause
1) 磨煤机超负荷或给煤量太小。
1) Pulverizer overload or insufficient supply of coal;
2) 分离器折向门开度不适当。
2) Improper opening of separator baffles;
3) 磨碎力太大或太小。
3) Pulverizing force is not proper, excessive or insufficient.
4) 电动机故障或电动机靠背轮轴断裂。
4) Motor failure or motor coupling broken.
13.7.4.2 处理
13.7.4.2 Solution
1) 适当减少磨煤机出力或检查给煤机运行是否正常。
1) Appropriately decrease pulverizer output or check operation of coal feeder;
2) 适当调整分离器折向门开度。
281
2) Appropriately adjust opening of separator baffle;
3) 联系检修处理。
3) Contact maintenance personnel to repair.
13.7.5 磨碗压差过大或过小
13.7.5 Excessive or insufficient pressure difference of pulverizer grinding table
13.7.5.1 原因
13.7.5.1 Cause
1) 磨煤机过负荷或给煤量太少。
1) Overload operation of pulverizer or insufficient coal feeding amount;
2) 煤粉细度太细。
2) Excessive fineness of coal;
3) 压力开关堵塞或泄漏。
3) Pressure switch blockage or leakage;
4) 磨煤机的风量太大或太小。
4) Excessive or insufficient air flow of pulverizer.
13.7.5.2 处理
13.7.5.2 Solution
1) 适当减少给煤量或检查给煤机运行是否正常。
1) Appropriately decrease coal feeding amount or check coal feeder;
2) 适当调整分离器折向门开度。
2) Appropriately adjust opening of separator deflection damper;
3) 联系检修检查压力开关是否正常。
3) Contact maintenance personnel to check pressure switch;
4) 检查磨煤机风量控制是否正常。
4) Check air flow controller of pulverizer.
13.7.6 磨煤机内部有异声
13.7.6 Abnormal sound inside pulverizer
13.7.6.1 原因
13.7.6.1 Cause
1) 磨碗上面有杂物或磨辊运行不正常。
1) Foreign matter on grinding table or abnormal operation of grinding roller;
2) 弹簧压力不均匀。
2) Uneven pressure of spring;
3) 刮板装置断裂。
3) Scraper cracked.
282
13.7.6.2 处理
13.7.6.2 Solution
发现以上情况时，运行人员应停用该磨煤机，并应联系检修处理。
If above mentioned problems occur, operators are required to deactivate
pulverizer immediately and contact maintenance personnel to repair.
13.7.7 磨煤机轴承温度过高
13.7.7 Excessive temperature of pulverizer bearing
13.7.7.1 原因
13.7.7.1 Cause
1) 轴承故障。
1) Bearing failure;
2) 齿轮箱油位太低。
2) Too low oil level in gearbox;
3) 润滑油冷却器故障或冷却水调门失灵关闭。
3) Failure of lubricant cooler or cooling water governing valve.
13.7.7.2 处理
13.7.7.2 Solution
1) 就地检查轴承温度是否正常。
1) Check bearing temperature on site;
2) 联系检修加油。
2) Contact maintenance personnel to add oil;
3) 检查润滑油冷却器是否正常。
3) Check lubricant cooler.
13.7.8 磨煤机电动机轴承温度过高
13.7.8 Excessive bearing temperature of pulverizer motor
13.7.8.1 原因
13.7.8.1 Cause
1) 润滑油泵故障。
1) Lubricant pump failure;
2) 润滑油滤网阻塞。
2) Lubricant strainer blockage;
3) 冷却器冷却水量不适当。
3) Improper cooling water flow in cooler;
4) 轴瓦故障。
4) Bushing failure.
283
13.7.8.2 处理
13.7.8.2 Solution
1) 切换润滑油滤网。
1) Switch lubricant strainer into standby one;
2) 适当调整冷却水流量。
2) Appropriately control cooling water flow;
3) Contact maintenance personnel to repair.
13.7.9 磨煤机自燃、爆炸
13.7.9 Spontaneous combustion and explosion in pulverizer
13.7.9.1 原因
13.7.9.1 Cause
1) 原煤中混入易燃易爆物品。
1) Flammable and explosive material contained in coal;
2) 分离器或风室内堆积煤粉。
2) Coal buildup in separator or air chamber;
3) 石子煤斗清理不及时造成积粉。
3) Accumulated powder caused by untimely cleaning of mill rejects box.
13.7.9.2 现象
13.7.9.2 Problem
1) 磨煤机出口温度急剧升高。
1) Severe increase in pulverizer outlet temperature;
2) 磨煤机内部可能有巨大响声。
2) Loud sound in pulverizer;
3) 磨煤机出口风压、进出口差压剧烈波动。
3) Large fluctuation of air pressure and inlet-outlet differential pressure.
13.7.9.3 处理
13.7.9.3 Solution
磨煤机运行中发生自然、爆炸时，应立即停用磨煤机，并应启动“惰化”对磨煤机进
行蒸汽吹扫。若吹扫后，磨煤机出口温度仍没有明显下降，则应开启磨煤机消防蒸
汽，对磨煤机进行水灭火。
If self ignition and explosion happened to the running coal pulverizer. Shut it down
timely and activate INERT to purge it with steam. If problems still cannot be
removed, open fire extinguishing steam valve to put out fire.
13.7.10 磨煤机阻塞
13.7.10 Coal pulverizer blockage
284
13.7.10.1 原因
13.7.10.1 Cause
1) 磨煤机风量控制不当，风量过小，给煤量太多。
1) Improper control of pulverizer air flow; too low flow or excessive coal feeding
amount;
2) 磨煤机出口门未开足或被误关。
2) Inadequate opening of pulverizer outlet damper or closed in error;
3) 磨盘、磨辊磨损严重或研磨力调整不当。
3) Severe wear of grinding table and grinding roller or improper adjustment of
grinding force;
4) 石子煤斗未按时清理而堵塞，造成风室内大量积煤。
4) Untimely cleaning of mill rejects box causing blockage and coal accumulation
in air chamber.
13.7.10.2 现象
13.7.10.2 Problem
1) 磨煤机电流上升。
1) Current of pulverizer increased;
2) 磨煤机风量、出口温度手动控制时，风量及出口温度都将下降。
2) Air flow and outlet temperature of pulverizer decreased when operated
manually.
13.7.10.3 处理
13.7.10.3 Solution
1) 联系除灰值班员对石子煤斗进行人工出渣。
1) Contact ash handling on-shift personnel to manually remove pyrites out of
mill rejects box;
1) 若上述处理无效时，应停用给煤机和磨煤机。
2) If above mentioned methods fail to repair, deactivate coal feeder and
pulverizer immediately.
13.7.11 给煤管阻塞
13.7.11 Coal feeding pipeline blockage
13.7.11.1 原因
13.7.11.1 Cause
1) 原煤中水份太大。
1) Excessive moisture in raw coal;
2) 给煤量太大。
2) Excessive coal feeding amount;
3) 给煤管闸门被误关。
285
3) Shutoff gate of coal feeding pipeline closed in error.
13.7.11.2 现象
13.7.11.2 Problem
1) 磨煤机电流下降。
1) Current of pulverizer decreasing;
2) 磨煤机风量、出口温度手动控制时，风量及出口温度都将上升。
2) Air flow and outlet temperature of pulverizer increasing when in manual
operation;
3) 当给煤管全部阻塞时，将使给煤机因堵煤而跳闸。
3) Complete blockage of coal feeding pipeline causing coal feeder trip due to
coal clogging.
13.7.11.3 处理
13.7.11.3 Solution
1) 当给煤管闸门误关时，应即开启，并调整给煤量。
1) Open shutoff gate immediately if it is closed in error and adjust coal feeding
amount;
2) 将磨煤机的给煤量、风量、出口温度切“手动”。
2) Transfer control of coal feeding amount, air flow and outlet temperature into
manual;
3) 减少给煤量及维持锅炉燃料不变。
3) Decrease coal feeding and maintain boiler fuel supply constant;
4) 敲击给煤管，使积煤震落，同时应维持磨煤机风量、出口温度正常。
4) Knock coal feeding pipeline to separate accumulated coal from pipe wall
while keeping air flow and outlet temperature normal.
13.7.12 煤粉管阻塞
13.7.12 Coal pipeline blockage
13.7.12.1 原因
13.7.12.1 Cause
1) 磨煤机风量小，煤粉细度过粗，出口风压及出口温度低。
1) Inadequate air flow, excessively fine coal and inadequate outlet pressure and
temperature;
2) 磨煤机出口至各煤粉管的风粉混合物分配不匀。
2) Air-powder mixture uneven distribution along passage from pulverizer outlet
to each powder pipe;
3) 燃烧器喷口结焦。
3) Slagging on burner nozzles.
13.7.12.2 现象
286
13.7.12.2 Problem
1) 煤粉燃烧器无煤粉喷出或煤粉量很少。
1) Little or no coal passing through burner;
2) 磨煤机出口风压上升。
2) Outlet air pressure of pulverizer rising up.
13.7.12.3 处理
13.7.12.3 Solution
1) 增大磨煤机风量，提高出口风压。
1) Increase air flow and outlet pressure of pulverizer;
2) 清除燃烧器喷口结焦。
2) Clean away slag at burner nozzles;
3) 敲击阻塞的煤粉管直至畅通。
3) Knock clogged powder pipeline until all deposits fall down;
4) 当无法敲通时，应即停用磨煤机，并联系检修处理。
4) If pipes cannot be knocked,, deactivate pulverizer immediately and contact
maintenance personnel to repair.
13.7.13 给煤机皮带打滑或皮带跑偏或损坏
13.7.13 Slippage, deviation or damage of feeder belt
13.7.13.1 原因
13.7.13.1 Cause
给煤机皮带过松，张力小。
Excessive looseness of feeder belt and inadequate tension.
13.7.13.2 现象
13.7.13.2 Problem
1) 磨煤机出口温度上升。
1) Outlet temperature of pulverizer rising up;
2) 锅炉负荷或汽压下降。
2) Boiler load or steam pressure decreasing;
3) 给煤机皮带不转动。
3) No rotation of feeder belt.
13.7.13.3 处理
13.7.13.3 Solution
当发现以上情况时，应即停用该给煤机，并应联系检修处理。
When above mentioned conditions occur, deactivate coal feeder immediately and
contact maintenance personnel to repair.
287
13.7.14 给煤机清扫链故障
13.7.14 Cleaning chain of coal feeder failure
13.7.14.1 原因
13.7.14.1 Cause
1) 给煤机皮带损坏引起漏煤。
1) Belt damage of coal feeder belt causing coal leakage;
2) 给煤机清扫链马达热偶故障。
2) Thermal coupling failure of coal feeder cleaning chain motor;
3) 清扫链销子断裂。
3) Rupture of cleaning chain pins;
4) 来煤中有异物。
4) Foreign matter in coal.
13.7.14.2 现象
13.7.14.2 Problem
1) 给煤机清扫链停止转动。
1) Cleaning chain of coal feed ceasing rotating;
2) 给煤机内严重堵煤，引起给煤机跳闸。
2) Severe coal clogging in feeder causing trip of feeder;
3) 给煤机电流升高。
3) Current of feeder rising up.
13.7.14.3 处理
13.7.14.3 Solution
1) 发现给煤机清扫链不转，应及时停用给煤机，并检查给煤机清扫链马达热偶是
否动作，经处理后给煤机清扫链仍不转则应联系检修处理。
1) Shut down feeder when cleaning chain is found to not rotate. Check thermal
coupling of cleaning chain motor. Contact maintenance personnel to repair if
problem still cannot be removed;
2) 若给煤机已发生堵煤跳闸，则应停用给煤机和磨煤机，并联系检修处理。
2) Shut down coal feeder and pulverizer and contact maintenance personnel if
coal clogging trip occurs.
288
14 空气预热器
14 Air heater
14.1 设备规范及设计参数
14.1 Equipment Specification and Design Parameters
14.1.1 空气预热器规范及设计参数
14.1.1 Specification and design parameters of air heater
型式及型号三分仓回转容克式 LAP9470/1900
一次风入口风温 20℃ （ECR）
一次风出口风温 368℃
二次风入口风温 20℃
设计参数二次风出口风温 362℃
烟气进口温度 387.1℃
烟气出口温度 139.5℃
漏风系数 ≤0.1（一年后≤0.12）
主电机驱动 1.3rpm
转子转速
辅电机驱动 1.3rpm
热端 0.6mm斜波的波纹板
蓄热元件
冷端 1.2mm考登钢板
Type and Ljungstrom-type tri-sector

LAP9470/1900
model regenerative
Primary air inlet temperature 20℃ （ECR）
Outlet temperature of primary air 368℃
Inlet temperature of secondary air 20℃
Design Outlet temperature of secondary
362℃
parameters air
Inlet temperature of flue gas 387.1℃
Outlet temperature of flue gas 139.5℃
Coefficient of air leakage  ≤0.1(≤0.12 after 1 year operation)
Drive of main motor 1.3rpm
Rotation
speed of Drive of auxiliary motor 1.3rpm
rotor
Drive of pneumatic motor
Heat 0.6mm corrugated plate with sloped
Hot end
element corrugation
289
Cold end 1.2mm corten steel plate
14.1.2 主辅电动机规范及设计参数
14.1.2 Specification and design parameters of Main and auxiliary motors
减速机速
项目型号功率转速电压额定电流
比
Y160L-6B
主电动机 11KW 970rpm 131∶1 厂用380V 30.3A
5
Y160L-6B
辅电动机 11KW 970rpm 131∶1 保安电源 13.3A
5
气压
压缩空气
0.5Mpa
Speed
Rotation Rated
Item Model Power ratio of Voltage
speed current
gearbox
Y160L-6B Auxiliary
Main motor 11KW 970rpm 131:1 30.3A
5 380V
Emergenc
Auxiliary Y160L-6B
11KW 970rpm 131:1 y power 13.3A
motor 5
supply
Air
Compress
pressure
ed air
0.5Mpa
14.1.3 油系统设备规范及设计参数
14.1.3 Specification and design parameters of oil system equipment
导向轴承润滑油系统推力轴承润滑油系统
型号 XYZ—10WS XYZ—10WD
润滑方式油浴油浴+循环
油 150号极压工业齿轮油 150号极压工业齿轮油
油站结构双泵单泵
Lubricant system of guide bearing Lubricant system of thrust bearing

Model XYZ—10WS XYZ—10WD
Lubricating mode Oil bath Oil bath plus oil circulation
No.150 extreme pressure No.150 extreme pressure
Oil
industrial gear oil industrial gear oil
Structure of oil
Dual pump Single pump
unit
290
油泵型号 3G25×4三螺旋杆油泵
油泵电动机型号 Y802—4
油泵电动机功率 0.75KW
油泵电动机转速 1400r/min
给油量 0.8m3/h
系统最大工作压力 0.5MPa
冷却介质闭式冷却水
冷却水压力 0.2-0.3MPa
冷却水量 30-50Kg/min
油泵热动开关启泵温度 55℃
油泵热动开关停泵温度 45℃
导向轴承，推力轴承超温报警温度 70℃
Oil pump model 3G25×4 three-screw oil pump

Oil pump motor model Y802—4
Oil pump motor power 0.75KW
Rotation speed of oil pump motor 1400r/min
Oil feed 0.5MPa
System maximum working pressure 0.49MPa
Cooling media Closed type cooling water
Cooling water pressure 0.2-0.3MPa
Cooling water volume 30-50Kg/min
Thermal switch startup temperature 55℃
Thermal switch shutdown temperature 45℃
Over temperature alarming point of guiding bearing and 70℃
thrust bearing
14.1.4 吹灰装置规范及设计参数
14.1.4 Specification and design parameters of Sootblowing equipment
工作介质过热蒸汽
蒸汽压力 1.57MPa
蒸汽温度 350℃
蒸汽耗量 84Kg/min （说明书为75Kg/min）
布置位置烟气侧冷端
291
Working media Superheated steam
Steam pressure 1.57MPa
Steam temperature 350℃
Steam consumption 84Kg/min (75Kg/min in the Instructions)
Location Cold end of flue gas side
14.1.5 清洗装置规范及设计参数
14.1.5 Specification and design parameters of cleaning equipment
碱洗水箱
Alkali washing water tank
工作容积 50m3 加热蒸汽温度 350℃
工作压力常压加热蒸汽压力 2.2MPa
工作温度 70℃ 腐蚀裕度 1mm
介质水
Heating steam
Working volume 50m3 350℃
temperature
Atmospheric Heating steam
Working pressure 2.2MPa
pressure pressure
Working temperature 70℃ Corrosion margin 1mm
Medium Water
14.2 空预器启动前的检查及试验
14.2 Prestart Check and Test of Air Heater
14.2.1 Inspection Before Startup
启动前的检查，除按通则中的规定进行检查外，还应进行下列检查:
Based on regulation in General Rule, check the following before startup:
14.2.1.1 空预器内确无人或工具等杂物各人孔门已关闭。
14.2.1.1 No person or tools is left inside the air heater and all access doors of air heater
are closed.
14.2.1.2 密封自动装置完好，热端扇形板在上限位置。
14.2.1.2 Automatic sealing device is complete and hot end sector plate is at UPPER LIMIT
position.
14.2.1.3 用盘车手动将空预器盘转，再用辅助电机低速盘转预热器数圈，短时间接通驱动电
机，确认转子转向正确，各电机电流正常，无摩擦声。
14.2.1.3 Rotation direction of rotor is correct and current of each motor is normal with no
292
friction noise. This is done by turning the air heater manually first and then rotating
the heater for several turns with auxiliary motor before quickly connecting the
drive motor.
14.2.1.4 检查吹灰器在退出位置。
14.2.1.4 Sootblowers are withdrawn.
14.2.1.5 吹灰装置清洗装置处于良好备用。
14.2.1.5 Cleaning equipment of sootblowers is in good standby state.
14.2.1.6 导向轴承及推力轴承油位正常，油温低于 55℃，各自润滑油系统的冷却水循环正常:
若油温超过 55℃，应手动启动油泵，使油温降至规定的数值并检查油温升高的原因，
予以消除。
14.2.1.6 Oil level of guide bearing and thrust bearing is normal while oil temperature is
lower than 55 ℃ . Cooling water circulation in lubricant system is normal. If oil
temperature exceeds 55 ℃ , manually start up oil pump to decrease oil
temperature down to regulated value and ascertain oil temperature-rising causes
before removing this fault.
14.2.1.7 空预器减速机油位正常，轴承油箱油位正常。
14.2.1.7 Oil level of air heater gearbox and bearing oil tank is normal.
14.2.1.8 指示仪表及控制、动力回路都工作正常。
14.2.1.8 Indicating meter, control and power loop all work normally.
14.2.2 启动前的试验
14.2.2 Test the following before startup
14.2.2.1 导向轴承和推力轴承油泵试运正常，自启停温度合格、报警装置完好，动作值符合
规定，投入自动。
14.2.2.1 Oil pump trial operation of guide bearing and thrust bearing has to be normal.
Self-startup and self-shutdown temperature meet requirements. Alarming device
is in good state and working value is in accordance with regulated value. Switch
air heater into AUTOMATIC;
14.2.2.2 联动试验正常，联锁投入时，手动停止主电机，主电机跳闸后，辅助电机联锁启动
正常。
14.2.2.2 After interlock test is passed, put air heater into interlock operation, then manually
shut down the main motor. After main motor trips, auxiliary motor should start up
normally;
14.2.2.3 密封间隙测量控制装置联锁试验:在预热器转子停转或下限测量头故障时，上部扇形
板提升到上限位置。
14.2.2.3 Interlock test of seal clearance measuring and controlling device: the upper sector
plate is positioned at upper limit when air heater rotor ceases rotating or when
lower limit measuring probe fails to work;
14.2.2.4 每次大修后，空预器必须进行 2～4 小时冷态试运转。
14.2.2.4 After overhaul, cold state trial operation has to be carried out for 2-4 hours.
293
14.3 空气预热器的启动
14.3 Startup of Air Heater
14.3.1 空预器启动步序（手动）
14.3.1 Startup sequence of air heater (manual)
步一：指令：启动空预器 A 导向轴承润滑油泵
启动空预器 A 支持轴承润滑油泵
Step one: command: start air heater A guide bearing lubrication oil pump
Start air heater A support bearing lubrication oil pump
步二：条件：空预器 A 导向轴承润滑油泵已运行
空预器 A 支持轴承润滑油泵已运行(延时 10s)
指令：开空预器 A 马达
Step two: condition: air heater A guide bearing lubrication oil pump has worked
Air heater A support bearing lubrication oil pump has worked (delay 10s)
Command: start air heater A motor
步三：条件：空预器 A 主马达运行(延时 90s)
指令：开空预器 A 二次风出口挡板
Step three: condition: air heater A main motor operates (delay 90s)
Command: open air heater A secondary air outlet damper
步四：条件：空预器 A 二次风出口挡板已开
指令：开空预器 A 一次风出口挡板
Step four: condition: air heater A secondary air outlet damper has opened
Command: open air heater A primary air outlet damper
步五：条件：空预器 A 一次风出口挡板已开
指令：开空预器 A 入口烟气挡板
空预器 A 入口烟气挡板已开
Step five: condition: air heater A primary air outlet damper has opened
Command: open air heater A inlet flue gas damper
air heater A inlet flue gas damper has opened
14.3.2 启动操作中的注意事项
14.3.2 Precautions during startup operation
14.3.2.1 空气预热器启动必须在引风机启动前进行。
14.3.2.1 Air heater has to be started up prior to startup of ID fan;
14.3.2.2 自起停温度控制投自动，维持油温＜55℃，导向轴承另一台油泵投入备用。
14.3.2.2 Automatic startup/shutdown temperature should be controlled in AUTOMATIC
mode. Oil temperature has to be maintained at ＜ 55 ℃ . The other oil pump of
294
guide bearing has to be put into standby;
14.3.2.3 油系统冷却水投入正常。
14.3.2.3 Activation of cooling water of oil system has to be normal.
14.3.3 空预器启动的允许条件
14.3.3 Permitted startup conditions of air heater include
14.3.3.1 空预器主电机启动允许条件
14.3.3.1 Main motor meets its permitted startup conditions
空预器辅电机在停运状态。
Auxiliary motor is out of service.
14.3.3.2 空预器辅电机启动允许条件
14.3.3.2 Auxiliary motor meets its permitted startup conditions
空预器主电机在停运状态。
Main motor is out of operation.
14.3.4 空预器启动中各设备的启动方式
14.3.4 Startup mode of each sectorce of equipment during activation of air heater
14.3.4.1 空预器主电机的启动
14.3.4.1 Startup of main motor
在允许条件下可手动/程控启动主电机。
The main motor can be activated by both manual or programmable mode under
permitted conditions.
14.3.4.2 空预器辅电机的启动
14.3.4.2 Startup of auxiliary motor
在允许条件下可手动/程控启动辅电机。
Start auxiliary motor manually/remotely under allowable conditions.
主电机停运，联锁启动辅助电机。
When the main motor is shut down, the auxiliary motor is started by interlock.
14.3.4.3 导向轴承和推力轴承油泵的启动
14.3.4.3 Startup of guide bearing and thrust bearing oil pump
1) 可手动/程控启动导向轴承油泵和推力轴承油泵。
1) Oil pump for guide bearing and thrust bearing can be activated both by
manual or program control;
2) 空预器油站油温＞55℃（ADHAOTH/ADHBOTH）联启油泵，油站油温＜45℃，
联停油泵。
2) When oil temperature of oil station is ＞55 ℃(ADHAOTH/ADHBOTH), start
up oil pump by interlock. When oil temperature of oil station is ＜45℃, shut
down oil pump by interlock.
295
14.3.4.4 空预器出口一次风和二次风挡板的开启
14.3.4.4 Opening of primary air and secondary air dampers at air heater outlet
1) 手动/程控开本挡板。
1) The damper here can be opened both by manual or program control.
2) 本侧空预器主电机在运行或主电机跳辅电机联启运行，禁关本挡板。
2) When main motor of this side air heater is in operation or when main motor
trips but auxiliary motor is in service by interlock, do not close the damper.
14.3.4.5 空预器烟气入口挡板
14.3.4.5 Opening of flue gas inlet damper
1) 手动/程控开本挡板。
1) The damper here can be opened both by manual or program control.
2) 本侧空预器主电机在运行或主电机跳辅电机联启运行，禁关本挡板。
2) When main motor of this side air heater is in operation or when main motor
trips but auxiliary motor is in service by interlock, do not close the damper.
14.4 空气预热器的运行维护
14.4 Operation & Maintenance of AirHeater
14.4.1 空预器密封装置投运前的检查
14.4.1 Check the following before seal mechanism of air heater is activated
14.4.1.1 检查空预器密封装置连接完好，电机接线完好。
14.4.1.1 Seal mechanism of air heater is well connected and motor wiring is complete;
14.4.1.2 检查就地 R 柜上和 L 柜上各表计和按钮完整、齐全，并将“远方/就地”开关打在“就
地”位置。
14.4.1.2 All gauges and buttons on local R panel and L panel are complete. Put the
REMOTE/LOCAL switch into LOCAL.
14.4.1.3 检查集控室控制柜上各表计和按钮完全、齐全，并将“自动/断/手动”切换开关应打在
“断”位置。
14.4.1.3 All gauges and buttons on control panels in CCR are complete and. Put the
AUTOMATIC/OFF/MANUAL switch into OFF.
14.4.1.4 联系热工给系统送电，送电后检查各控制柜上指示灯正常，检查装置在上限位置。
14.4.1.4 Power should be supplied to the system after I&C department is informed. All
indicators on each control panel should be correct. The equipment should be at
UPPER LIMIT position.
14.4.1.5 按“试灯”按钮，检查各信号灯及报警指示正常。
14.4.1.5 Press TRIAL INDICATION to check each indicator and alarming indicator.
14.4.2 密封装置的投运
14.4.2 Activation of sealing equipment
296
14.4.2.1 在每次锅炉启动初期，尤其是冷态启动时，采用固定间隙运行，把密封扇形板提升
到第一上限位置。
14.4.2.1 At early stage after boiler is started up, especially in cold state startup, operate
with fixed clearance. Lift the sealing sector plate to first UPPER LIMIT position.
14.4.2.2 将集控室控制盘上的“自动/断/手动”开关由“断”切至“手动”位。
14.4.2.2 Transfer the AUTOMATIC/OFF/MANUAL switch on control panel in CCR from
OFF into MANUAL.
14.4.2.3 将就地 R、L 柜上的“远方/就地”开关切至“就地”位。
13.4.2.3 Transfer the REMOTE/LOCAL switch on R and L panels into LOCAL position.
14.4.2.4 分别按下降按钮，使各装置探头下降到可测范围内（各间隙指示表计在上限值附近
摆动），并注意倾听空预器有无摩擦声，如有摩擦应立即提升，并联系检修检查处
理。
14.4.2.4 Respectively press DOWN buttons to lower down the probe head of equipment
into measuring range (when each clearance indicating gauge is around upper
limit value). Closely listen to air heater to check whether there is friction sound or
not. If there is, lift up sector plates immediately and contact maintenance
personnel to remove the problem.
14.4.2.5 将 R、L 柜上的“就地/远方”开关切至远方位。
13.4.2.5 Transfer LOCAL/REMOTE switch on R and L panels into REMOTE position.
14.4.2.6 将集控室控制柜上的“自动/断/手动”切换开关由“断”切至“手动”，调整间隙在合适位
置，并注意检查空预器有无摩擦声。
14.4.2.6 Transfer the AUTOMATIC/TRIP/MANUAL switch on control panel in CCR from
TRIP into MANUAL position. Adjust clearance to an appropriate position and
listen carefully to check for friction sounds.
14.4.2.7 锅炉负荷在 60%以上且稳定时，可将集控室控制盘上“自动/断/手动”开关由“手动”
切至“自动”。
14.4.2.7 When boiler load is above 60% and in stable operation, transfer the
AUTOMATIC/TRIP/MANUAL switch on control panel in CCR from MANUAL into
AUTOMATIC position.
1) 通过“间隙设定拨盘”对各扇形板控制间隙进行设定（设定值在4～9.9mm范围
内）
。
1) Set clearance value for each sector plate by CLEARANCE SETTING PANEL
(set value should be controlled in scope of 4-9.9mm).
2) R柜、L柜内“远方/就地”开关打在“远方”位。
2) Put the REMOTE/LOCAL switch on R and L panels on REMOTE.
3) 将集控室控制盘上“自动/断/手动”开关位置切至“自动”位置。
3) Put the AUTOMATIC/OFF/MANUAL switch on control panel in CCR into
AUTOMATIC position.
14.4.2.8 注意事项
14.4.2.8 Precautions
297
1) 集控室控制盘上的“自动/断/手动”由“断”切至“自动”或“手动”时，R柜及L柜上的切
换开关必须在“远方”位。
1) When the AUTOMATIC/OFF/MANUAL switch on control panel in CCR is put
from OFF into AUTOMATIC or MANUAL, the switches on R panel and L
panel should be in REMOTE position.
2) 自动调整装置投自动前，间隙的设定值，应逐步设定，不得一次设定较小值，
以防自动调整摆动过大。
2) Before automatic adjusting device is put into automatic mode, clearance
value should be set step by step. Do not set a relatively small value at any
one time to prevent excessive sway of automatic adjustment.
3) 自动调整装置间隙每设小一个值后应让其自动调整稳定半小时侯，再设下一个
值。
3) Regarding the automatic adjusting device, once one clearance value is set,
allow half an hour for automatic adjustment and stabilization before another
value is set.
14.4.3 运行中监视的主要参数
14.4.3 Parameters to be monitored during operation
油泵自启
项目单位正常值报警值停机值
动
导向轴承油温 ℃ ＜55 70 80 55
推力轴承油温 ℃ ＜55 70 85 55
Auto
Normal Alarming Shutdown
Item Unit startup of
value value value
oil pump
Oil temperature of guide
℃ ＜55 70 80 55
bearing
Oil temperature of thrust
℃ ＜55 70 85 55
bearing
14.4.3.1 空预器的运行参数
14.4.3.1 Operation parameters of air heater
空气侧一次风阻力 411Pa
空气侧二次风阻力 784.9Pa
入口烟气温度 389.3℃ （ECR）
烟气侧差压
Primary air resistance at air side 411Pa

Secondary air resistance at air side 784.9Pa
298
Inlet flue gas temperature 389.3℃ (ECR)
Differential pressure at flue gas side
14.4.3.2 主驱动电机正常运行中电流在 13～15A 之间，波动幅值≯±1A。
14.4.3.2 During normal operation of main drive motor, the current is between 13A and 15A,
and amplitude is ≯±1A.
14.4.3.3 辅助电机正常运行时电流在 13～15A 之间，波动幅值≯±1A。
14.4.3.3 During normal operation of auxiliary drive motor, the current is within 13A and 15A,
and amplitude is ≯±1A.
14.4.3.4 热端扇行板密封间隙指示值：4～9.9mm。
14.4.3.4 The indication value of hot end sector plate seal clearance is 4 - 9.9mm.
14.4.4 巡回检查项目
14.4.4 Inspection items
预热器运行中，运行人员应对各指示仪表非常仔细的进行监视，因为这些仪表的任
何异常显示，都是预热器运行不正常的信号，例如预热器中的烟风进出口压降持续
不断的增大，并且已不能依靠加强吹灰来使之恢复，则表明预热器蓄热元件玷污和
堵塞情况加剧，需要在下次停炉期间进行水清洗。又如，当热风温度和排烟温度陡
然升高，而且超过正常温度 50℃以上时，则很可能是爱预热器内部着火了，运行人
员需要立即采取紧急措施。
During the air heater’s operation, the operation personnel should pay close
attention to the all indicating meters in that any abnormal indication of these
indicates the abnormal signal of the air heater. For example, the continuous
decrease of air heater flue gas and air inlet and outlet (and it is impossible to
return to the normal by relying on reinforcing soot blowing ) indicates that air
heater’s heat storage has been stained and the clogging is becoming increasingly
serious which requires water cleaning during next boiler shutdown. One more
example: the hot air temperature and exhaust gas temperature increasing sharply
and above normal temperature (50 ℃ ) may probably indicate there is fire inside
the air heater and the operation personel should make emergency measures
immediately.
14.4.4.1 检查空预器运转无异常，油温 55℃。
14.4.4.1 Check that air heater rotates normally and oil temperature is 55℃.
14.4.4.2 导向轴承及推力轴承油位、油温（在 55℃以下）正常，无漏油现象，冷却器的冷却
水水流畅通，出口水温低于 30℃。
14.4.4.2 The oil level and temperature of guidance bearing and thrust bearing are normal
(below 55 ℃ ). There is no oil leakage; the cooling water flow of cooler is
unobstructed and outlet temperature is lower than 30℃.
14.4.4.3 电驱动装置中减速机油位应正常；在主驱动电机工作时，辅助电机应停止。热端扇
形板间隙指示在规定值，无漏泄现象。
14.4.4.3 The oil level of gearbox should be normal. When main drive motor is working,
auxiliary motor should stop. Hot end sector plate clearance should be at set point
and without leakage.
299
14.4.4.4 预热器中的烟风进口压差持续增大时，应加强吹灰，如吹灰无法达到要求时，应下
次停炉期间进行水冲洗。
14.4.4.4 When flue gas inlet DP of air heater keeps increasing, soot blowing should be
increased. If soot blowing can not reach requirements, water flushing should be
done during next outage.
14.4.4.5 检查空预器的烟气侧和空气侧的进出口温度在正常范围内，出现异常时应及时分析
原因并进行处理。
14.4.4.5 Check that the inlet & outlet temperatures of air heater flue gas side and air side
are within normal scope. If they are abnormal, analyze the reasons in time and
deal with it.
14.4.4.6 检查空预器热端密封风正常,无漏热风现象。
14.4.4.6 Check that the air heater hot end seal air is normal and there is no hot air leakage.
14.4.5 运行中空预器吹灰器的使用
14.4.5 Usage of soot blowers during operation
14.4.5.1 锅炉启动时，空预器吹灰汽源取自高压辅助蒸汽系统，蒸汽参数 P≤1.0MPa，t=350
℃。
14.4.5.1 When boiler is started up, soot blowing steam source of air heater is from HP
auxiliary steam system. Steam parameters are P≤1.0Mpa and T = 350℃。
14.4.5.2 正常运行过程中空预器吹灰汽源倒为自用蒸汽。
14.4.5.2 During normal operation, soot blowing steam source of air heater switches to
self-use steam.
14.4.5.3 （具体方法见第 15 章《锅炉吹灰系统》一节）
吹灰操作过程中可程控或单独操作。
14.4.5.3 During soot blowing process, program control or single operation is available.
(The details refer to Chapter 15 Boiler Soot Blowing System)
14.4.5.4 正常运行中空预器每 8 小时进行一次吹灰，也可视积灰情况减少或增加吹灰次数。
14.4.5.4 During normal operation, soot blowing should be conducted every 8 hours,
increasing or decreasing depending on ash accumulation
14.4.5.5 在进行锅炉受热面吹灰前，可按预热器→受热面→预热器的顺序吹灰。
14.4.5.5 Before sootblowing of boiler heating surface, the sequence is air heater, heat
surface then air heater.
14.4.5.6 下列情况下应对空预器及时吹灰或增加吹灰次数：
14.4.5.6 Sootblowing should be started or increased when the following conditions occur:
1) 锅炉启停过程中单烧油或油煤混烧时，空预器应连续吹灰。
1) During startup & shutdown of boiler, if only oil is used or oil and coal are
combusted together, sootblowing should be continuous;
2) 空预器的出口风压降低或引风机入口负压增大，空预器烟、风侧差压增大时。
2) Outlet air pressure of air heater decreases or inlet vacuum of ID air fan
increases; DP of gas side and air side increases;
3) 空预器出口烟气温度不正常升高时。
300
3) Outlet flue gas temperature of air heater rises abnormally;
4) 锅炉工况不稳定或投油助燃时。
4) Work condition of boiler is not stable or oil is put into operation to support
combustion;
5) 尾部受热面漏泄时。
5) Rear heat transfer surfaces leak;
14.4.5.7 在燃料种类有较大改变，及锅炉启停或负荷低于 50%时，应尽可能缩短燃油时间，
加强吹灰。
14.4.5.7 During major fuel changes, startup & shutdown and load lower than 50%, the oil
combustion time should be as short as possible and sootblowing should be
increased.
14.5 空气预热器的停止
14.5 Shutdown of Air Heater
14.5.1 锅炉需停运后短时间内需重新启动时执行以下步骤
14.5.1 When the boiler needs to be restarted within short time after it is shutdown the
following procedures should be carried out
14.5.1.1 停炉前进行一次吹灰。
14.5.1.1 Carry out soot blowing before shutdown;
14.5.1.2 停止送、引风机后，关闭空预器入口烟气挡板，一次风出、入口挡板。
14.5.1.2 Shutdown FD fan and ID fan. Close inlet flue gas damper, inlet and outlet primary
air damper of air heater.
14.5.1.3 锅炉吹扫结束，关二次风出口挡板。
14.5.1.3 Finish boiler purging. Close outlet secondary air damper.
14.5.1.4 维持空预器连续运转。
14.5.1.4 Maintain continuous operation of air heater.
14.5.1.5 严密监视烟气进口和空气出口的温度指示，防止预热器着火。
14.5.1.5 Monitor temperature indication of flue gas inlet and air outlet carefully to prevent
heater catching on fire.
14.5.1.6 为防止空气漏入预热器，不得打开人孔门。
14.5.1.6 Keep manhole closed to prevent air entering heater.
14.5.2 正常停炉时执行以下步骤
14.5.2 When stopping boiler normally, carry out the following steps
14.5.2.1 准备滑停前对预热器进行一次吹灰，负荷滑至 60%时再吹一次，投油后连续吹灰。
14.5.2.1 Carry out sootblowing of air heater before sliding shutdown. Carry out a second
sootblowing when load decreases to 60%. Continuous sootblowing should be
conducted after oil is used in combustion.
14.5.2.2 在燃烧器停运后，维持空预器继续运转，直至入口烟气温度降至 120℃以下时，方
301
可停止预热器运行。
14.5.2.2 After shutdown of burners, maintain air heater running until inlet flue gas
temperature decreases to under 120℃.
14.5.2.3 当风机还在运行时，应监视烟气和空气的出口温度；当风机停运后，注意监视烟气
进口和空气出口的温度，预防预热气着火。
14.5.2.3 When air fan is still in operation, outlet temperature of flue gas and air should be
monitored. When air fan is shutdown, flue gas inlet temperature and air outlet
temperature should be monitored to prevent fire in the air heater.
14.5.2.4 送、引风机停运后，方可手动关闭空预器烟气侧入口挡板、二次风出口挡板及一次
风出入口挡板。
14.5.2.4 Manually close the air heater gas side inlet damper, SA outlet damper and PA inlet
& outlet damper only after the FD and ID fan are stopped.
14.5.2.5 空预器停运前，退出密封间隙自动调节装置，将热端扇形板提至上限位。
14.5.2.5 Before stopping air heater, deactivate the seal clearance auto adjustment device
and lift the hot end sector plates to the upper limit position.
14.5.2.6 空预器停运后，确认导向及推力轴承油温在 45℃以下，方可切断油循环系统及冷却
水。
14.5.2.6 After air heater stopped, confirm that the oil temperature of guide and thrust
bearing is lower than 45℃. Only then can the oil circulating system and cooling
water can be stopped.
14.5.2.7 若空预器需清洗，应在停炉后空预器进口烟温降至 200℃以下方可进行，清洗完毕
后利用余热干燥蓄热元件。
14.5.2.7 If the air heater needs cleaning, it can be conducted after boiler is shutdown and
inlet flue gas temperature decreases below 200℃. After cleaning, waste heat can
be used to dry the heating elements.
14.5.3 空预器的停止操作
14.5.3 Shutdown of Air Heater
步一：条件：A 空预器进口烟气温度小于 150℃
指令：关空预器 A 入口烟气挡板
Step one: condition: air heater A inlet flue gas temperature below 150℃
Command: close air heater A inlet flue gas damper
步二：条件：空预器 A 入口烟气挡板已关
指令：关 A 侧冷一次风出口挡板
关 A 侧热二次风出口挡板
Step two: condition: air heater A inlet flue gas damper is closed
Command: close side A cold primary air outlet damper
Close side A hot secondary air outlet damper
步三：条件：A 侧冷一次风出口挡板已关
302
A 侧热二次风出口挡板已关
指令：停空预器 A 主马达
空预器 A 主马达停
Step three: condition: side A cold primary air outlet damper is closed
Side A hot secondary air outlet damper is closed
Command: stop air heater A main motor
Air heater A main motor stops
14.5.4 空预器主电机停止允许条件
14.5.4 Air Heater Main Motor Shutdown Permit Conditions
引风机 A 停止
送风机 A 停止
空预器 A 入口烟温小于 150℃
空预器 A 辅助马达
空预器 A 辅助马达停止允许条件
引风机 A 停止
送风机 A 停止
空预器 A 入口烟温小于 150℃或空预器 A 主马达运行
ID fan A stops
FD fan A stops
Air heater A inlet temperature below 150℃
Air heater A auxiliary motor
Air heater A auxiliary motor stop condition
ID fan A stops
FD fan A stops
Air heater A inlet temperature below 150℃ or air heater A main motor operates
14.5.5 空预器停止中各设备的动作方式
14.5.5 Action mode of equipmentduring air heater shutdown
14.5.5.1 空预器主电机（APHAMM/APHBMM）在满足允许条件下，可手动/程控停运。
14.5.5.1 When the permit conditions are met, main motor （APHAMM/APHBMM ）of air
heater can be stopped manually and program controlled.
14.5.5.2 空预器辅助电机（APHAAM/APHBAM）可以手动停止。
14.5.5.2 Auxialiry motor of air heater （APHAAM/APHBAM）can be stopped manually.
14.5.5.3 导向轴承油泵(APHAPP/APHBPP)和推力轴承油泵（APHASP/APHBSP)可以手动
停止运行。
14.5.5.3 Guidance bearing oil pump (APHAPP/APHBPP) and thrust bearing oil pump
303
（APHASP/APHBSP) can be stopped manually.
14.5.5.4 空预器出口一次风和二次风挡板：
14.5.5.4 Air heater outlet PA and SA damper:
1) 可手动/程控关本挡板。
1) This damper can be closed manually or via program control.
2) 本侧空预器主、辅电机都已停运，延时5min ，联关本挡板。
2) Main and auxiliary motor on same side have been stopped. Close this
damper by interlock after delaying for 5 mins.
14.5.5.5 空预器烟气入口挡板：
14.5.5.5 Air heater flue gas inlet damper:
1) 可手动/程控关本挡板
1) This damper can be closed manually or via program control.
2) 本侧空预器主、辅电机都已停运，延时5min联关本挡板
2) Main and auxiliary motor on same side have been stopped. Close this
damper by interlock after delaying for 5 mins.
14.5.6 空预器的清洗
14.5.6 Cleaing of air heater
14.5.6.1 清洗的允许条件
14.5.6.1 Permit conditions of cleaning
1) 当附着在空预器表面的沉积物无法用吹灰的方法除去时。
1) When the deposits on surface of air heater can not be removed through soot
blowing.
2) 当空预器烟风阻力比设计值高出70～100mmH2O时。
2) When the flue gas resistance of air heater is 70 - 100mm H2O higher than
design value.
14.5.6.2 清洗的方法
14.5.6.2 Cleaning method
1) 清洗在停炉后进行，主电机停运后，辅助电机运行，使空预器低速运转，将热
端扇形板置于上限位置。
1) Cleaning is carried out after shutdown of boiler. After main motor is stopped,
auxiliary motor operates, making air heater operate with low speed. Put hot
end sector plates at upper limit position.
2) 清洗应在空预器入口烟温降至200 ℃以下时进行，同时手动关闭烟气及空气出
入口挡板。
2) Cleaning should be carried out when air heater inlet flue gas temperature
decreases under 200 ℃. Manually close the flue gas and air outlet & inlet
damper.
3) 将空预器底部灰斗里的积灰放空，打开排水孔门。
304
3) Discharge the accumulated ash in the hoppers and open water discharge
valve.
4) 冷热两端的清洗工作应同时进行，以便有效地除去沉积物。
4) The cleaning of cold and hot ends should be carried out at the same time to
thoroughly remove the deposits.
5) 清洗水来至碱洗水箱，由碱洗水泵提供，采用t=60～70℃的温水，利用辅助蒸
汽加热。
5) The cleaning water is from alkali cleaning water tank and supplied by the
alkali cleaning water pump. It uses water with a temperature of 60 - 70℃ and
auxiliary steam for heating.
6) 在清洗时，吹灰汽源正常且可以使用，可打开吹灰器阀门，此时允许的蒸汽温
度为t＜250℃。
6) During cleaning, sootblowing steam source should ready and available.
Sootblower valve can be opened. The allowable steam temperature is ＜250
℃.
7) 沉积物坚硬结块时，可中断供水半小时后，再进行冲洗。
7) If deposits harden, the water supply can be cut off for half an hour and then
continue flushing.
8) 如遇酸性沉积物，可在清洗水中加入苛性钠提高清洗效果。
8) If there is acid deposit, caustic soda can be added to cleaning water to
improve the cleaning effect.
9) 清洗时间根据沉积物的多少和性质而定，当化学测定冲洗水以达到所要求的标
准时，清洗结束。
9) The cleaning time depends on the amount and character of the deposits.
When the flushing water has reached requirement determined via chemical
testing, cleaning is finished.
10) 清洗后的受热面必须进行彻底干燥。一般将烟气挡板打开，利用锅炉余热进行
干燥，干燥时间至少进行4～6小时，仔细检查干燥情况。
10) The heating surface after cleaning must be dried completely. Generally flue
gas damper is opened and waste heat is used to dry. The time is about 4-6
hours at least. Check to see drying is effective.
11) 清洗管道的阀门必须关闭严密，无漏水。
11) The valve on cleaning pipe must be closed tightly.
12) 应对清洗时排放出来的废水进行处理。
12) Treat the waste water discharged during cleaning.
14.5.6.3 清洗合格的标准
14.5.6.3 Cleaning requirements
1) 清洗时间及用水量不能事先确定，一般每恢复1mmH2O压降约需1～1.5t清洗
水。
1) When cleaning time and water amount can not be confirmed in advance,
305
generally, 1-1.5t of cleaning water is needed when 1mm H2O pressure drop
is recovered.
2) 当排水中不含有灰粒，并且PH值=6～8时，可认为清洗合格。
2) When there are no ash particles in discharged water and ph value is 6 - 8,
cleaning has met the requirements.
14.6 空气预热器的常见故障及处理
14.6 Common Failures and Trouble Shooting of Air Heater
14.6.1 驱动电机电流异常升高
14.6.1 Current of Drive Motor Rises Abnormally
14.6.1.1 现象
14.6.1.1 Problem
1) 电流指示突然出现大幅波动，约每半分钟一次，并伴有撞击摩擦声。
1) Indication of current fluctuates greatly every half minute, and there are impact
and friction sounds.
2) 电流摆动，频率约为每2s一次。
2) Current swings every 2s.
3) 电流增大并伴随着导向或推力轴承油温异常升高，转子下沉，径向密封片与冷
端扇形板相撞。
3) Current increases and the oil temperature of guide or thrust bearing rises
abnormally; rotor sinks down; radial seal impacts with cold end sector plate.
14.6.1.2 原因
14.6.1.2 Causes
1) 异物卷入转子端面，或转子端面某些零件松脱突出转子端面，与扇形板相摩擦。
1) Foreign matter gets trapped in the rotor ends, or some components on the
rotor become loose and protrude out, rubbing against the sector plates.
2) 冷端扇形板或热端扇形板或密封装置调整不合适，造成与轴向密封片相擦而引
起的。
2) Cool layer sector plate or hot layer sector plate or seal device is adjusted
improper, which results in the friction with axial seal gasket.
3) 导向轴承或推力轴承损坏。
3) Guide bearing or thrust bearing is damaged.
14.6.1.3 处理
14.6.1.3 Corrective action
1) 首先将上部扇形板提升到上限，电流最大值未能超过额定值时，而且波动渐趋
缓和和稳定，可以继续维持预热器运转或逐步降低负荷必要时申请停炉。如电
流已超过额定值，且无缓和趋势，应紧急停运，关闭预热器入口烟气挡板，尽
一切可能维持空预器转动，直至空预器前烟道温度低于200 ℃。维持单侧运行。
306
1) Lift the upper sector plate to upper limit position. When the maximum value of
current doesn’t exceed set point and fluctuation is small, air heater can be
kept running or load can be decreased gradually. Apply for shutdown if
necessary. If current has exceeded set point and is not stable, shutdown it
immediately. Close air heater inlet flue gas damper to maintain air heater
rotating until the flue gas duct temperature before air heater reaches below
200 ℃. Maintain single side operation.
2) 设法找出摩擦点以便停炉后处理。
2) Try to find out the friction point after shutdown.
3) 轴承损坏时，紧急停炉，并维持空预器转动至入口烟温200℃以下。
3) When bearings are damaged, shutdown immediately and maintain air heater
running until inlet temperature is lower than 200℃.
14.6.2 空预器突然停转
14.6.2 Air heater stops suddenly
14.6.2.1 现象
14.6.2.1 Problem
1) 驱动电机电流趋于最大值甚至跳闸。
1) Drive motor current gets close to maximum value or trip value.
2) 驱动电机电流指示正常或小于正常值。
2) Drive motor current indicates normally or lower than normal.
3) 密封控制系统在25s内发出报警，并自动将热端扇形板提升到“紧急提升”位置。
3) Seal control system sends alarm within 25s and automatically lifts the hot
layer sector plate to emergency lift position.
4) 厂用380V电源中断。
4) Auxiliary 380V power supply is interuppted.
5) 空预器停转信号发报警。
5) Air heater stop signal sounds.
14.6.2.2 原因
14.6.2.2 Causes
1) 导向轴承或推力轴承损坏或异物卡住密封间隙。
1) Guidance bearing or thrust bearing is damaged or foreign matter blocks the
seal clearance.
2) 减速机内部发生故障。
2) Gearbox internal failure
3) 厂用电中断，辅助电机、启动马达联动不成功。
3) Auxiliary power interuppted. The interlock between auxiliary motor and starter
motor fails.
14.6.2.3 处理
307
1) 厂用电中断引起时，辅助电机、启动马达联动不成功时，应立即手动合上辅助
电机。
1) When auxiliary power is interuppted, if interlock of auxiliary motor and start
motor is unsuccessful, manually close auxiliary motor immediately.
2) 辅电机无法启动时，启气动马达联动不成功应立即就地手动盘转空预器，也可
打开侧壳体板上的人孔门或更换蓄热元件门孔，注意热风漏出烫伤人员，用撬
杆拨动围带。如能人力盘动一周以上，可以对主电机或辅电机强合闸1～3次。
2) When auxiliary motor can’t be started up and motor can not be started up by
intelink, rotate the rotor manually at site or open the side casing manhole or
replace manhole of heat element. Pay attention to the hot air leakage to
protect personnel. Use crowbar to remove the iron band. If it can be rotated
manually for 1 turn or more, main motor or auxiliary motor can be forced
energized 1 to 3 times.
3) 两台空预器同时停转时，紧急停炉，并联系检修进行盘车。
3) When two air heaters stop at the same time, immediately shutdown the boiler
and contact maintenance to carry out gear turning.
4) 单台空预器停转经采取措施仍不能启动转子时，应立即关闭空预器烟气进口及
热风出口挡板，停运同侧送、引、一次风机，降低机组负荷。
4) When one air heater stops rotating, if rotor still can not be started up after
taking measures, immediately close air heater flue gas inlet and hot air outlet
damper. Stop ID, FD and PA fan on the same side to decrease the unit load.
5) 如需停炉，必须在入口烟温120 ℃以下方可停转预热器。
5) If the boiler needs to be shutdown, the air heater can only be stopped after
the inlet temperature is lower than 120 ℃.
14.6.3 轴承油温异常升高
14.6.3 Bearing oil temperature rises abnormally
14.6.3.1 现象
14.6.3.1 Problem
1) 油温不正常升高并发出报警。
1) Oil temperature rises abnormally and alarms.
2) 油温超过55℃，油泵自启动。
2) When oil temperature exceeds 55℃ and oil pump starts up automatically.
14.6.3.2 原因
14.6.3.2 Causes
1) 油循环系统漏油。
1) Oil circulating system leaks.
2) 油质恶化。
2) Poor oil quality.
308
3) 轴承本身损坏。
3) Damaged bearing
4) 循环冷却水中断。
4) Circulating cooling water supply interuppted.
14.6.3.3 处理
1) 及时查找原因。
1) Quickly find out the reasons.
2) 检查系统无故障时，油温超过55℃，自启动油泵进行循环冷却。
2) If system has no failure, when oil temperature exceeds 55 ℃ , start up oil
pump automatically to cool the bearing.
3) 油温超过70℃时发出报警信号，超过85℃时，应立即停止空预器运行。
3) If oil temperature exceeds 70℃, it will send out alarm signal. If it exceeds 85
℃, stop air heater at once.
4) 需停空预器，停止条件及操作同前述。
4) Air heater needs to be stopped. The stop condtions and operations are as
above.
14.6.4 辅助电机不能带动转子
14.6.4 Auxiliary motor can’t drive the rotor
14.6.4.1 现象
14.6.4.1 Problem
1) 辅助电机启动后，转子不动。
1) After auxiliary motor starts up, the rotor doesn’t move.
2) 辅助电机电流偏小。
2) Auxiliary motor current is too low
14.6.4.2 原因
14.6.4.2 Causes
1) 超越离合器本体损坏。
1) Over-running clutch is damaged.
2) 超越离合器磨损严重。
2) Over-running clutch is seriously worn.
14.6.4.3 处理
1) 每次检修时，应用手在辅助电机尾轴上摇动，检验离合器性能。
1) Shake the end shaft of auxiliary motor manually to check clutch performance
during maintenance.
309
2) 运行中发生故障时，应用手动盘车或主电机保持空预器运转。
2) When failure occurs during operation, manual turning gear or main motor
should be used to keep air heater rotating.
14.6.5 空预器着火
14.6.5 Air heater catches on fire
14.6.5.1 现象
14.6.5.1 Problem
1) 烟气出口温度异常升高超过正常值50℃以上。
1) Flue gas outlet temperature rises abnormally and exceeds the normal value
by 50℃ or more.
2) 空气出口温度异常升高超过正常值50℃以上。
2) Air outlet temperature rises abnormally and exceeds the normal value by 50
℃ or higher.
3) 空预器火灾监测装置发出火灾报警。
3) Air heater fire monitoring equipment sends out fire alarm.
14.6.5.2 原因
14.6.5.2 Causes
1) 锅炉频繁启停和热备用时间长。
1) Boiler is started and stopped frequently and hot standby time is long.
2) 锅炉长时间低负荷投油助燃，且燃烧工况不良。
2) Boiler operates with low load for a long time and oil is burned; combustion
condition is poor.
3) 没有及时对空预器进行吹灰，造成可燃性沉积物发生二次燃烧。
3) Sootblowing isn’t carried out in time, which causes secondary combustion.
4) 燃烧不稳定或煤质变差，调整不合理。
4) Combustion is not stable or coal quality is poor; adjustment is improper.
5) 一台空预器故障停止，锅炉继续运行时安全措施不完善，发现不及时，造成故
障预热器再燃烧。
5) One air heater fails and stops and inadequate safety measures are used
during boiler operation; problem not found, causes re-combustion of failured
air heater.
14.6.5.3 处理
1) 切断锅炉燃料供应，紧急停炉。
1) Cut off the boiler fuel supply to shutdown boiler in emergency.
2) 风机解列。
2) Disconnect air fan.
310
3) 打开上下清洗管上的阀门，投入消防水，同时打开下部灰斗排水口。
3) Open the valve of upper and lower cleaning water pipe to fill fire fighting
water in addition to opening lower ash hopper water discharge valve.
4) 关闭预热器烟气进口及空气出口挡板，严禁打开人孔门。
4) Close air heater flue gas inlet and air outlet damper. Do not open the
manhole.
5) 维持空预器转动，以保证全部受热面得到消防水流。
5) Keep air heater rotating to make sure that all heating surfaces can come into
contact with the fire fighting water.
6) 确认二次燃烧彻底熄灭时，才能关闭消防水门。
6) Fire fighting valve can be closed after confirming secondary combustion is
over.
7) 定期检查或留专人看守，以防复燃。
7) Check periodically or have someone stay behind to check for fires.
14.6.5.4 预防着火的措施
14.6.5.4 Measures preventing fire fighting
1) 减少启停空预器次数。
1) Reduce air heater startups & shutdowns.
2) 缩短燃油百分比较高的低负荷运行时间。
2) Shorten the low load operation with oil supporting combustion.
3) 坚持正常吹灰和常规清洗。
3) Maintain sootblowing and cleaning normal
4) 加强监视风烟温度指示，特别在热备用和空预器突然故障停转的情况下，更应
监视预热器上部风烟温度的变化。
4) Pay more attention to the indication of flue gas temperature, especially under
the hot standby condition and when air heater stops suddenly because of
failure.
14.6.6 空预器故障跳闸
14.6.6 Trip Due to Fault
14.6.6.1 现象
14.6.6.1 Problem
1) 空预器电流摆动或不正常的增大；
1) Current of air preheater swings greatly or increases abnormally;
2) 轴承温度不正常的升高；
2) Bearing temperature increases abnormally;
3) 转动部分有剧烈的摩擦声、撞击声；
3) There is violent sound of rotating part caused by friction and shocking;
311
4) 空预器跳闸电流回零，并发出声光报警；
4) Air preheater trips, and current returns to zero, and sends out acousto-optic
alarm;
5) 单侧空预器跳闸，机组运行方式投协调或机跟随时, RB保护动作，
5) Air preheater of one side trips, and operation mode of unit is CCS mode or
turbine follow, RB protection acts.
6) 跳闸侧热风温度降低、排烟温度升高；
6) Hot air temperature of tripped side decreases and exhausted flue gas
increases;
7) 两台空预器同时跳闸时，则MFT动作。
7) When two sets of air preheater trips at the same time, and then MFT acts.
14.6.6.2 原因
14.6.6.2 Causes
1) 传动部件卡涩；
1) Blocking of driving part:
2) 空预器导向轴承、支撑轴承损坏；
2) Guide bearing and support bearing of air preheater is damaged;
3) 空预器油泵故障；
3) Oil pump of air preheater is in trouble;
4) 电气系统故障；
4) Electrical system is in trouble;
5) 空预器减速机构故障；
5) Deceleration mechanism of air preheater is in trouble;
6) 空预器本身保护动作。
6) Protection of air preheater acts.
14.6.6.3 处理
1) 单侧空预器主电机故障跳闸，辅助电机自动启动或强合成功时，监视辅电机运
行情况，查明故障原因并处理，故障消除后恢复主电机运行；
1) Main motor of one side air preheater trips for fault, auxiliary motor starts
automatically or started by interlock, monitor operation of motor, find out
faults and solve the problems, recover operation of main motor after faults
are eliminated;
2) 单侧空预器主、辅电机均停运时，延时5min联跳同侧引风机、送风机、一次风
机，锅炉RB保护动作自动进行燃料选择，保留B.C制粉系统运行，BC层油投入,
锅炉负荷降至180MW；
2) Make the I.D. fan, F.D. fan and PA fan interlock trip after the main & auxiliary
air heater has been shutdown for 5 minutes. Select the fuel automatically
312
after boiler RB protection activates. Keep B.C pulverizing system running and
put oil guns on BC layer into operation. Decrease the boiler load to 180MW.
3) 空预器跳闸后主、辅电机均无法启动时，立即派人手动盘车，关闭空预器进口
烟门和出口热风门，联系检修开启烟侧人孔门进行冷却，并投入空预器吹灰。
3) Air preheater trips, and main and auxiliary motor cannot start, arrange
personnel to do turning gear manually, close inlet flue gas valve and outlet
hot air valve of air preheater, contact with maintenance personnel to man
hole of flue gas side for cooling, and put into operation of air preheater to do
soot blowing.
4) 单侧空预器跳闸后短时间不能恢复运行，申请停止锅炉运行；
4) One side air preheater cannot recover operation within short time after it trips,
request shutdown of boiler;
5) 在处理过程中应注意对燃烧、汽温、汽压、水位的调整；
5) Pay attention to adjustment of combustion, steam temperature and pressure
and water level during trouble shooting course;
6) 两台空预器跳闸， MFT动作，紧急停炉，否则手动MFT。
6) Two sets of air preheater trip, MFT acts, shut down boiler emergently, or MFT
manually.
313
15 燃油系统
15 Fuel Oil System
15.1 概述
15.1 Overview
每角燃烧器中共布置有12层喷口，2个油燃烧器（即上组布置一层，下组布置两层，
油枪停运时，这些喷口作为二次风喷口使用），油枪为简单的机械雾化油枪，燃料
为高速柴油。油燃烧器供锅炉启动及低负荷稳燃用。整个燃烧器的点火，先用高能
点火器点燃油燃烧器，再用油燃烧器点燃一次风煤粉喷嘴。油燃烧器的总输入热量
约为30%B—MCR。油枪停运时应后退400mm，油枪的进退由气动执行器带动完成。
There are 12 layers of nozzles and two oil burners (that is one layer for upper
group, one group for lower group, when oil gun is shut down, the nozzles work as
the one for secondary air), oil gun is simple mechanical atomization, fuel is high
speed diesel oil. Oil burner is used for startup and stable combustion (low load) of
boiler. Ignition of burner, first ignition of oil burner by high voltage igniter, and then
oil burner burnt primary air coal powder nozzle. Total output quantity of oil burner
is 30%B—MCR. When oil gun shut down it should quit for 400mm, the in-out
movement of oil gun is driven by pneumatic actuator.
15.2 设备规范
15.2 Equipment Specifications
系统耗油量
（1.85×8） t/h
System oil consumption
设计燃油 0号轻柴油
Design fuel oil #0 light diesel oil
油燃烧器型式简单机械雾化
Oil combustion Simple mechanical atomization
单只油燃烧器出力
1.85t/h（油）(oil)
Output of single oil burner
油燃烧器数量
8
Number of oil burner
炉前油系统进油压力
3.5MPa
Oil feed pressure of oil system of furnace
油燃烧器总热功率
30% B—MCR
Total thermal power of oil burner
油燃烧器油压（工作压力）
2.94 MPa
Oil pressure of oil burner (working pressure)
314
点火方式两级点火
Ignition mode two-level ignition
System oil consumption （1.85×8） t/h
Design fuel oil #0 light diesel oil
Oil combustion Simple mechanical atomization
Output of single oil burner 1.85t/h (oil)
Number of oil burner 8
Oil feed pressure of oil system of furnace 3.5MPa
Total thermal power of oil burner 30% B—MCR
Oil pressure of oil burner (working pressure) 2.94 MPa
Ignition mode two-level ignition
15.3 启动前的检查与准备
15.3 Check and Preparation before Startup
1) 检查各油枪管路连接完整，联接部分紧固，软管自然垂落，油枪及高能点火器
进退灵活，并在退出位置。
1) Check that connection of oil guns pipeline are complete, and connection is
firm, soft tube falling naturally, moving of oil gun and high voltage igniter is
flexible, and the oil gun and high voltage igniter quit.
2) 各阀门标示牌清晰完好，手轮完整。
2) Signs & tags for valves are clear and complete, manual wheel is complete.
3) 检查各油枪进油，吹扫电磁阀在关闭位置，各油枪就地油压表、吹扫压缩空气
压力表齐全，指示清晰正确。
3) Check that oil guns inject oil, purge solenoid valves are closed, local oil
pressure gauge, purge steam pressure gauge of oil guns are complete, and
indication is clear and correct.
315
4) 气动装置气源压力正常，控制开关把手齐全，信号指示灯完好，将油枪就地控
制盘相应的操作开关切至远方或远控或程控。
4) Air source pressure of pneumatic device is normal, handles of control
switches are complete, signal indication lamps are complete, corresponding
switch of oil gun local control panel is switched to remote, remote control or
programmable control.
5) 检查来油跳闸阀，回油跳闸阀在关闭位，检查关闭炉前油管路吹扫阀。
5) Check that feeding oil trip valve, return oil valve are closed; check that purge
valve of furnace oil pipeline is closed.
6) 检查开启来回油跳闸阀前后手动门。
6) Check that manual valves before and after oil intaking and return trip valves
are opened.
7) 投入来回油流量计，压力表及温度表等表计。
7) Put into operation of oil intaking and return flow meter, pressure gauge, and
thermometer and so on.
8) 投入进油管道滤油器。
8) Put into operation of oil filter of oil intaking pipeline.
9) 在来回油跳闸阀未开启前，各油枪油压表、来油跳闸阀后油压表指示应为零。
9) Before oil intaking and return trip valves are opened, indication of oil pressure
gauge of oil guns and pressure after oil intaking trip valve is zero.
15.4 炉前燃油系统的投运、运行维护、停运
15.4 Startup, Operation, Maintenance and Shutdown for fuel oil system before
furnace
15.4.1 投运
15.4.1 Operation
15.4.1.1 待锅炉吹扫完毕，燃油泄漏试验结束后，在 CRT 上开启来回油跳闸阀，建立炉前
油循环。
15.4.1.1 Open the incoming and returning tripped valves on CRT to form the oil circulation
after the boiler purging and fuel oil leakage test are finished.
15.4.1.2 随着油循环的进行，用回油调节阀调整炉前油压，保持炉前油压达到要求，投入回
油调节阀自动。
15.4.1.2 Use the oil returning regulation valve to regulate the oil pressure when the oil is
circulating, and maintain the oil at the required pressure. Put oil returning
regulation valve in automatic mode.
15.4.1.3 在 CRT 上开启来回油跳闸阀时应关小回油调节阀，并与邻炉及时联系以免引起燃
油系统油压波动。
15.4.1.3 Close slightly the oil returning regulation valve when opening the oil supply and
returning trip valves on CRT. Inform neighboring boiler operator to avoid the oil
pressure fluctuation in fuel oil system.
316
15.4.2 运行维护
15.4.2 Maintenance
15.4.2.1 正常运行中，保持系统内燃油压力、蒸汽压力稳定，油温、汽温正常。
15.4.2.1 Maintain the stable fuel oil pressure and steam pressure, and normal oil
temperature and steam temperature when the unit in normal operation.
15.4.2.2 不论油枪是否投运，每小时必须检查一次，油枪投运期间应缩短油枪检查周期。
15.4.2.2 Check the oil guns every hour regardless of whether the oil guns in operation or
not. Shorten the inspection times when the oil guns are in operation.
15.4.2.3 发现油枪漏油，应立即停止使用，关闭其进油手动截止阀，联系处理。
15.4.2.3 Stop using any oil guns found to have leaks. Close the oil supply manual stop
valve and inform maintenance operators to repair the fault.
15.4.2.4 停用油枪应检查其在退出位置，以防烧坏。
15.4.2.4 Withdraw the shutdown oil gun to prevent it being burnt.
15.4.2.5 油枪投运后应调整使其雾化良好，燃烧正常。
15.4.2.5 Regulate atomization and stabilize combustion after the oil guns are put into
operation.
15.4.2.6 地面及燃烧器平台的漏油应及时清理干净以防发生火灾。
15.4.2.6 Clean the leaked oil off floor and burner platforms swiftly to avoid fires.
15.4.2.7 来油管道的滤网前后压差增大至一定值时，需定期进行切换及清洗。
15.4.2.7 Replace and clean the filter of oil supply pipeline when its front and rear
differential pressure gave increased beyond a certain value.
15.4.3 停运
15.4.3 Shutdown
15.4.3.1 停止各单只油枪的运行，并进行蒸汽吹扫
15.4.3.1 Stop the operation of every oil gun and carry out steam sootblowing
15.4.3.2 关闭来油跳闸阀，关闭来油手动隔绝阀。
15.4.3.2 Close the oil supplying quick shut-off valve,Close the oil-returning manual
isolation valve.
15.4.3.3 当回油管内油压回零时，保持全开调节阀 5min 后关闭调节阀，关闭回油跳闸阀及
手动隔绝阀，关闭所有油枪进油手动门及吹扫蒸汽手动门。
15.4.3.3 When the oil pressure in the oil pipe is back to zero, closing the regulating valve
after 5 minutes. Close oil-returning quick shut-off valve and manual isolating valve.
Close all oil supplying manual valves of oil gun and manual valves of sootblowing
steam.
15.5 系统运行故障及处理
15.5 Faults and solutions of system operation
15.5.1 供、回油管路爆破
317
15.5.1 Oil-supplying and oil-returning pipelines rupture
15.5.1.1 现象
15.5.1.1 Problems
1) 母管压力急剧下降，油压低信号报警。
1) Pressure of main pipe drops sharply and the low oil pressure alarms.
2) 爆破点向外喷油。
2) Oil is sprayed out from the explosion point.
15.5.1.2 原因
15.5.1.2 Causes
1) 管路钢材质量不合格，管路焊接质量差。
1) The steel material of pipeline does not meet the requirements and the
welding quality is bad.
2) 操作不当，管路长期腐蚀冲刷致使管壁减薄。
2) The operation is not proper. The pipe wall becomes thin due to long term
corrosion and flushing.
15.5.1.3 处理
15.5.1.3 Problems
1) 立即停止供油泵运行，关闭油管出口闸阀。
1) Immediately shut down the oil supplying pump and close the outlet gate valve
of oil pipe.
2) 汇报值长及消防单位，做好防火安全措施。
2) Inform the shift leader and firefighting department to take the fireproof
measures.
3) 迅速查找爆破点，尽快消除。
3) Quickly find out the explosion point and deal with it.
4) 汇报有关部门。
4) Report to the corresponding department.
15.5.2 供、回油管路堵塞
15.5.2 Oil-supplying and returning pipeline is blocked
15.5.2.1 现象
15.5.2.1 Problems
1) 母管中油流量减少。
1) The oil amount in the main pipe is decreased.
2) 堵塞段之前压力高，之后压力低。
2) The pressure before the blockage part is high, after it is low.
3) 供油泵电流比正常值减小。
318
3) The current of the oil supplying pump is smaller than the normal value.
4) 备用泵可能联动。
4) The standby pump is maybe activated via interlock.
15.5.2.2 原因
15.5.2.2 Causes
1) 供油温度过低，油量过小。
1) The temperature of supplied oil is excessively low and oil quantity is
insufficient.
2) 管路停用时未及时吹扫干净。
2) Pipeline not cleaned immediately when outted.
3) 投运前吹扫暖管不足。
3) The purging and pipe warming is not sufficient before put it into operation.
4) 油管长期运行，大量沉积物堆积。
4) The oil pipe has a long term operation and there is large amount of deposits.
5) 细滤油器损坏未及时发现。
5) The fine oil filter is broken and this fault is not discovered timely.
15.5.2.3 处理
15.5.2.3 Problems
1) 提高供油温度及伴热系统，增大油循环量。
1) Increase the temperature of the supplied oil and heating system as well as
the oil circulating amount.
2) 管路停运后，必须及时进行吹扫工作。
2) After the pipeline is out of service, carrying out the sootblowing on time.
3) 投运前，吹扫干净，充分暖管。
3) Before activation, carry out enough pipe warming and sootblolwing.
4) 定期检查细滤油器中滤网完好。
4) Regularly check the filter mesh in the filter.
15.5.3 油中带水
15.5.3 Oil containing water
15.5.3.1 现象
15.5.3.1 Problems
1) 锅炉点火时燃烧不稳定，严重时锅炉灭火。
1) Combustion not stable during ignition. Flame loss when serious.
2) 锅炉助燃时，炉膛温度下降，燃烧不稳定，炉膛负压波动大。
2) When putting the oil guns into operation to help combustion, the furnace
temperature drops, the combustion is not stable and the negative pressure of
319
furnace fluctuates hugely.
15.5.3.2 原因
15.5.3.2 Causes
1) 来油含水量大。
1) Lots of water in oil.
2) 油罐未按规定时间脱水。
2) The water discharging in the oil tank is not done in time.
15.5.3.3 处理
15.5.3.3 Problems
1) 及时调整油压、油温。
1) Adjust the oil pressure and temperature immediately.
2) 可开大回油阀，联系油库值班员油罐放水。
2) Open the oil-returning valve and contact the operator in oil house to
discharge the water.
320
16 吹灰系统及烟温探针
16 Soot Blowing System and Flue Gas Temperature Probe
16.1 概述
16.1 Overview
1) 锅炉的吹灰装置由戴蒙德电力机械（湖北）有限公司设计制造和供货。吹灰器
汽源取自锅炉低温过热器出口集箱，在 B-MCR 工况下蒸汽压力为
13.6-14.56MPa.g，温度为375-406℃。减压阀后压力2.7 Mpa，安全阀起跳压
力4.5 Mpa。
321
1) The sootblowers are designed, produced and supplied by Diamond Power
Machine (Hubei) Co., Ltd. Steam for sootblower comes from rear platen
superheater outlet header. The steam pressure is 13.6-14.56MPa.g and
temperature is 375-406℃ in B-MCR working condition. The pressure behind
the pressure reducing valve is 2.7 Mpa, and the safety valve opens at
4.5MPa.
2) 炉膛布置34 台，吹灰器型号IR-3Z，行程267mm，吹灰角度360°，有效吹灰半
径～2m，电动机功率0.18KW。
2) 34 IR-3Z type sootblowers are installed in the furnace. They have 267mm
travel, 360°purging angle, about 2m effective cleaning radius and 0.18KW
motor power.
3) 对流过热器、再热器，共 8 台，水平烟道布置20 台，尾部竖井低温过热器区
域布置 12 台，型号IK-525，行程~6300mm，吹扫角度360°，吹扫半径～2m，
电动机功率1.1KW。
3) There are all 8 convection superheaters and reheaters.20 sootblowers are in
convection superheater and reheater area. 20 sets are in horizontal duct and
22 sets in back duct primary superheater area. The 42 IK-525 type
sootblowers have the following features: about 6300mm travel, 360°cleaning
angle, about 2m effective cleaning radius and 1.1 KW motor power.
4) 在省煤器区域，共 12 台，型号G9B，吹灰角度335°，吹灰半径～1.5m。电动
机功率0.18KW。
4) 12 sootblowers are in economizer area. The G9B type features are as follows:
335°cleaning angle, about 1.5m effective cleaning radius and 0.18 KW motor
power .
5) 在空预器区域，共2 台，型号IK—AH，吹灰角度360°，吹灰半径～2.0m。电
动机功率0.18KW。
5) 2 sootblowers are in air heater area. The IK-AH type features are as follows:
360°cleaning angle, about 2.0m effective cleaning radius and 0.18 KW motor
power .
6) 在炉膛出口区域，共 2 台烟温探针，型号TP—500，电动机功率1.1KW。
6) 2 flue gas temperature probes are in furnace outlet area. They are TP-500
type with 1.1KW motor power.
16.2 设备规范
炉膛对流受热面空预器烟温探针
位置
型号 IK—525 IK—AH
IR—3Z G9B TP—500
项目长伸缩式伸缩式
数量（台) 34 8 12 2 2
总行程（mm) 一圈～6300 360° 970 4000
322
吹灰角度（℃) 360 360 335 360 ____
吹灰半径(mm) ~2000 ～2000 1500 2000 ____
AO2—6324B AO2—6324B AO2—6324 Y90S—4
电机型号 Y90S—4B5
5 5 B5 B5
电机功率(KW) 0.18 1.1 0.18 0.18 1.1
电压(V) 380 380 380 380 380
电机转速(rpm) 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400
Flue gas
tempera
Location Furnace Convection heat surface Air heater
ture
probe
IK—525
IK—AH
Model IR—3Z Long G9B TP—500
retractable
retractable
Qty 34 8 12 2 2
Total travel（mm) One circle About 6300 About 360° 970 4000
Sootblowing angle(℃) 360 360 335 360 ____
Sootblowing
~2000 ～2000 1500 2000 ____
radius(mm)
AO2—6324B AO2—6324B AO2—6324 Y90S—4
Motor type Y90S—4B5
5 5 B5 B5
Motor power (KW) 0.18 1.1 0.18 0.18 1.1
Voltage (V) 380 380 380 380 380
Motor speed (rpm) 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400
16.3 吹灰系统投运前的检查
16.3 Inspect the Following before Activating Sootblowers
1) 吹灰系统各阀门完整，标志清晰，并处于关闭位置。
1) All valves are intact, clearly marked and closed;
2) 各电动门电源正常，开关灵活。
2) Power supply to all electric valves is normal and they operate smoothly;
3) 吹灰系统各压力表、温度表及电源投入正常。
3) All pressure gauges, thermometers and power supply of soot blowing system
are working normally;
4) 与吹灰有关的调节控制系统各设备均正常投入。
4) All control systems equipment relevant to soot blowing are working normally;
323
5) 吹灰器跑车齿轮箱有足够的润滑油，并定期在油嘴中加入润滑脂，吹灰器在退
出位置。
5) Sufficient lube oil in the carriage gear box of sootblower; regular grease filling
to oil nozzle; sootblowers in withdrawn position;
6) 吹灰母管的安全门完整，良好且回座。
6) The safety valve on sootblowing main pipe is in good condition and reseated;
7) 跑车传动轴的两个齿轮与齿条啮合不错齿。
7) The two gear wheels and gear racks of carriage driving axial mesh properly.
16.4 吹灰系统投运的条件
16.4 Conditions for Startup of Sootblowing System
1) 锅炉运行正常，燃烧工况及各参数稳定，无其它重大操作。
1) Normal boiler operation, stable combustion working condition and all
parameters stable, and no other important operation in process;
2) 锅炉炉膛和对流受热面吹灰，应在机组负荷≥60% MCR以上时进行。
2) Carry out the sootblowing of furnace and convection heat surface when the
unit load is ≥60% of MCR;
3) 锅炉启动过程中，特别是低负荷全投油时，空预器吹灰应保持连续吹扫。
3) During boiler startup process, especially when the load is low and all oil guns
are in operation, air heater should be continuously sootblown;
4) 锅炉炉膛负压正常，送、引风机运行稳定，且引风机有足够裕量。
4) Normal negative pressure in furnace, stable operation of ID fan and FD fan,
and sufficient margin for ID fan.
16.5 吹灰器的运行操作
16.5 Sootblower Operation
1) 保持较大的炉膛负压- 150 Pa。
1) Keep -150 Pa high negative pressure in furnace.
2) 吹灰操作一般采用程控方式进行。
2) Program control mode is usually used for sootblowing
3) 吹灰器“运行/调试”选择开关切至“运行”位时，只有当蒸汽管路部分条件满足后
方可进行吹灰。
3) Perform the sootblowing after the select switch is switched from OPERATION
/ TEST to OPERATION and the partial conditions of steam pipeline have met
the requirements.
4) 吹灰器“运行/调试”选择开关切至“调试”位置后，蒸汽管路部分条件不满足时，
也可进行吹灰。此时应确认应有蒸汽，以防烧坏吹灰器。
4) After the select switch is switched from OPERATION / TEST to TEST and the
324
part conditions of steam pipeline cannot meet the requirements, sootblowing
can also be done. Ensure enough steam is present to prevent the sootblower
from burnout.
5) 吹灰的一般原则：
5) General principles of sootblowing:
a) 吹灰前应先进行暖管及疏水。冷态时疏水阀全开并注意管道振动情况，当
温度达到设定值时，阀门关闭。总的暖管及疏水时间约为10～20分钟。
a) Warm up the pipes and drain water before sootblowing. Open the
drainage valve fully and observe the vibration conditions in cold state.
Close the valve when the temperature reaches to the set value. The pipe
warm-up and drainage time is totally about 10-20min.
b) 无论以何种方式进行吹灰，吹灰的先后顺序为按烟气流向进行，即：空预
器→炉膛→再热器→过热器→再热器→省煤器→空预器等部位。但为了保
证空预器的清洁，通常在全面吹灰之前和之后均应对空预器进行吹扫。
b) Regardless of sootblowing mode, the sootblowing sequence should be
based on the flue gas direction, i.e., air heater – furnace – reheater –
superheater – reheater – economizer - air heater, etc. It is normal to
clean the air heater before and after thorough sootblowing to ensure the
air heater is kept clean.
6) 锅炉启动前及负荷低于10%时，由高压辅汽联箱供空预器吹灰汽源，负荷＞70%
以上时由主汽源供汽。
6) Before boiler startup, HP auxiliary steam header supplies the sootblowing
steam source of air heater when the load is ＜ 10%; main steam source
supplies the steam when the load is ＞70%.
7) 锅炉吹灰期间，发现吹灰枪卡时，应及时联系检修将吹灰枪退出，以防止吹灰
枪烧坏，如检修退不出吹灰枪时，应及时汇报值长、及分场值班人员，汇同检
修关闭该吹灰枪进汽阀，以防止吹漏受热面。
7) During sootblowing, in order to prevent the sootblowing gun from being burnt,
inform the maintenance personnel to withdraw it if it is blocked. If the gun
cannot be withdrawn, report this to shift leader and operators, request them
close steam incoming valve of the sootblowing gun to prevent areas of heat
surface from not being cleaned.
8) 对锅炉的吹灰部位、吹灰枪号、吹灰前、后的有关参数、缺陷等应在吹灰记录
本中记录清楚。各班应根据吹灰记录，保证受热面吹灰的连续性、全面性，不
得随意进行某个部位的多次吹灰。
8) Properly record the sootblowing position, sootblowing gun number and the
relevant parameters & faults before and after sootblowing in the logbook.
Each shift operator should ensure continuous and thorough heat surface
sootblowing based on the logbook. It is not allowed to perform sootblowing
on a certain part several times over.
9) 吹灰结束后，应对吹灰系统进行全面检查，检查所有吹灰枪退出，如发现有未
退出者，应及时退出。
9) Check sootblowing system thoroughly after sootblowing is finished. Check all
sootblowing guns are withdrawn. Promptly withdraw those not yet removed.
325
16.6 吹灰注意事项
16.6 Precautions for Sootblowing
1) 吹灰工作应征得操作员许可后方可进行，并保持较大的炉膛负压。
1) Perform the sootblowing after receiving the permission from the operator;
keep the negative pressure in furnace high.
2) 吹灰每次最多允许同时两台对侧进行。
2) A maximum of 2 opposing sootblowers (i.e., one pair) are allowed to be used
at any one time.
3) 吹灰过程中严禁打开检查孔观察炉内燃烧工况。
3) It is forbidden to open access door to observe the combustion condition in
sootblowing process.
4) 吹灰时，吹灰操作员不得离开工作岗位。
4) The operator must not leave his post in sootblowing process.
5) 事故情况下立即停止吹灰。
5) Stop sootblowing immediately under faulty conditions.
6) 受热面因积灰造成排烟温度升高，汽温异常或通风阻力增大等情况，必须增加
吹灰次数。
6) Increase the sootblowing times in the following cases:
deposited soot heat surface causes the increased flue gas temperature
abnormal steam temperature; and
increased ventilation resistance
7) 吹灰过程中如吹灰器发生故障时，应立即停止吹灰，切断电源，手动退出吹灰
器，然后关闭进汽门。
7) In sootblowing process, stop sootblowing immediately, cut off the power
supply, withdraw the sootblower manually and close the steam incoming
valve if the sootblowers are faulty.
8) 无吹灰汽源时，禁止投入吹灰器。
8) It is forbidden to put the sootblowers into operation without sootblowing
steam source.
9) 吹灰器前进中未达到极限位置时，严禁进行退出操作。
9) It is forbidden to withdraw the sootblower when it does not reach the proper
position.
10) 在进行燃烧器区域吹灰时应通知主值及监盘人员。
10) Inform the shift leader and operator when performing the sootblowing in
burner area.
11) 吹灰结束后，应对吹灰系统进行全面检查，以确证所有吹灰器全部在退出位置。
11) Check the sootblowing system thoroughly after finishing the sootblowing.
326
Ensure all sootblowers are in withdrawn position.
12) 吹灰汽由高辅供汽切换为自用汽源时，应先关高辅汽源，再开自用汽源供汽门，
反之由自用汽源切换为高辅汽源时，应先关自用汽源门，再开高辅汽源门，以
防高压汽源窜到低压管道。
12) When the steam is switched from HP auxiliary steam source to auxiliary
steam source, firstly close HP auxiliary steam source valve, and then open
auxiliary steam source valve. Otherwise, firstly close auxiliary steam source
valve, and then open HP auxiliary steam source valve when the steam
source is switched to HP auxiliary steam source. This is too prevent HP
steam entering low pressure pipelines
13) 在吹灰过程中禁止进行汽源切换。
13) It is forbidden to switchover the steam source during sootblowing.
14) 吹灰前应通知灰控以及锅炉零米清焦人员，加强捞渣机及电除尘运行情况的监
视。
14) Before sootblowing, inform operators who are responsible for soot controlling
and slag cleaning personnel on ground floor to monitor the slag conveyor and
ESP closely.
16.7 烟温探针的运行与维护
16.7 Operation and Maintenance of Flue Gas Probe
16.7.1 Inspections before startup
16.7.1.1 观察梁的外观直线度，检查是否有弯曲、扭曲或其它变形。
16.7.1.1 Observe the straightness of beam. Check it is not bent, twisted or deformed.
16.7.1.2 检查所有动力、控制线路接线是否牢固。
16.7.1.2 Check all drive and control circuit connections are tight.
16.7.1.3 检查行程开关的拨叉是否在正确位置。
16.7.1.3 Check the slug of limit switch in correct position or not.
16.7.1.4 探针运行前，定期补充或更换润滑油。
16.7.1.4 Regularly fill or replace lube oil before the probe is activated.
16.7.1.5 机组启动前对烟温探针进行试运，应处于良好备用。
16.7.1.5 Test run the probe before unit startup. Keep it in good condition in standby.
16.7.2 烟温探针的运行
16.7.2 Operation of the probe
16.7.2.1 手操运行
16.7.2.1 Manual operation
用棘轮扳手转动跑车后部的方柄进行。一般手操运行确信探针安装正确，所有传动
元件正常，行程开关拨叉处在正确位置后，方可通电试运行。
327
Use a ratchet spanner to rotate the handle behind the carriage. Energize the
probe for trial operation after confirming the following: correct probe installation,
all rotating elements working normally, and limit switch plug in the correct position.
16.7.2.2 试运行
16.7.2.2 Trial operation
先将跑车手操前进一定距离后，再通电，检查所有电气接线是否正确。
Energize the carriage after operating it certain distance; check all electrical
connections are correct.
16.7.2.3 正常运行
16.7.2.3 Normal operation
1) 探针行至最前端，行程开关动作后探针停止而不退回。
1) When the probe extends into the furthest point, it stops and cannot retract
after the limit switch activates.
2) 达到温度后探针才自动退回。
2) The probe retracts back automatically only after the temperature meets the
requirements.
3) 为检测准确，每隔7分钟手控探针进行伸缩运行一次。
3) Manually operate the probe to extend and retract every 7min for correct
detection.
4) 将探头最好停留在温度最高点，防止局部出现超温现象。
4) Keep the probe tip at the maximum temperature point to prevent the overheat
in partial sections.
16.7.3 烟温探针使用注意事项
16.7.3 Precautions for flue gas probe
16.7.3.1 任何时候，手操运行前务必先切断电源。
16.7.3.1 Ensure to cut off the power supply before manual operation at all times.
16.7.3.2 探针伸入炉内后不得切断控制箱及温度测量控制系统的电源，以免达到极限温度后，
探针不能退回而被烧坏。
16.7.3.2 Do not cut off the power supply of control box and temperature measuring control
system after the probe in furnace to avoid the probe burning when the
temperature exceeds the limit value and the probe cannot be withdrawn.
16.7.3.3 锅炉启动前必须就地进行检查和维护，并进行试车良好。
16.7.3.3 It is essential to check and maintain the probe on site before boiler startup, and
ensure it has a good test run.
16.7.3.4 锅炉启动过程中,每次检测温度完毕及时退出烟温探针,防止烟温探针烧坏.
16.7.3.4 Withdraw the probe timely to prevent it burning after detecting temperature.
328
17 汽包双色水位计
17 Steam Drum Bi-color Water Gauge
17.1 冷态时水位计的投用
17.1 Activation of Water Gauge in Cold State
1) 确认水位计检修工作结束，照明良好，检查就地水位计各部完好，符合投运条
件。
1) Ensure that maintenance on the gauge has been finished, lighting is sufficient,
each part of the gauge is in good condition and that it meets the requirements
for startup.
2) 开启水位计汽、水侧一、二次门，关闭放水门。
2) Open primary and secondary valves of water gauge at steam side and water
side. Close water discharging valve.
3) 水位计投运后出现汽水分界面不清现象时，应立即进行冲洗，无效时联系检修
处理。
3) If the dividing line between steam and water is not clear after the water gauge
is put into operation, carry out flushing right away and contact maintenance
personnel to repair if necessary.
4) 水位计随锅炉同时升压，当汽包压力升至0.2～0.3MPa时，冲洗水面计。
4) Water gauge pressure will rise accordingly as boiler pressure rises. When
steam drum pressure increases to 0.2 - 0.3MPa, flush water gauge.
5) 当汽包压力0.49MPa，汽包压力，水位稳定时，交替解列水位计，并通知检修
人员热紧螺丝，待工作完毕后重新投入运行。
5) When steam drum pressure is 0.49 MPa and steam drum pressure and water
level are stable, disconnect water gauges alternately and inform maintenance
personnel to thermally fasten the screws. Return water gauges to operation
after repair work is finished.
17.2 热态时水位计的投用
17.2 Activation of Water Gauge in Hot State
1) 检查水位计检修工作结束，符合投运要求。
1) Ensure that maintenance for water gauge has finished and it meets the
requirements for startup.
2) 检查并确证水位计汽、水侧一、二次门在关闭位置。
2) Check and ensure that primary and secondary valves of water gauge at
steam and water side are closed.
3) 全开水位计汽、水侧一次门，微开二次门，进行水位计暖管40min。
3) Fully open the primary valves of water gauge at steam side and water side.
Slightly open the secondary valve to warm up water gauge for 40 minutes.
4) 联系检修热紧螺丝，热紧前关闭二次门，工作完毕，再微开汽侧二次门，继续
329
暖管15min以上，关闭放水门。
4) Contact maintenance personnel to thermally fasten screws after secondary
valve is closed. Then slightly open the secondary valve at steam side to
continue warming up for another 15 minutes, then close the water
discharging valve.
5) 交替逐步缓慢开启汽、水侧二次门，使二次门全开，将水位计投入运行。
5) Alternately open the secondary valves at steam side and water side slowly
until they are fully opened and then put water gauge into operation.
6) 检查水位计水位清晰，并有轻微波动，并对水位计进行校对。
6) Ensure that water level of water gauge is clear and fluctuates only slightly.
Carry out calibration for water gauge.
17.3 水位计的冲洗
17.3 Flushing of the Water Gauge
1) 交替关闭汽水侧二次门4/5（防止冲洗时保险子堵死通道。）
1) Alternately close secondary valve by 80% at steam side and water side to
prevent safety ball blocking the channel.
2) 逐渐全开排污阀。
2) Gradually open blowdown valve
3) 汽水共冲水位计约3～6min，逐步关闭排污阀。
3) Use steam & water to flush water gauge for about 3-6 minutes, then close
blowdown valve gradually.
4) 交替开启汽水侧二次门至满开位置，水位计投入正常运行，观察水位有轻微波
动，并核对水位正常。
4) Alternately open the secondary valves at steam side and water side. Put
water gauge into normal operation. Observe water level fluctuation and
ensure water level is normal.
5) 如结垢严重，冲洗不掉时，可先解列水位计，打开排污门，使水位计退出运行
数小时，冷却后重新投运冲洗，方法如前所述。
5) If the scaling can not be flushed, first disconnect the water gauge and then
open the blowdown valve to stop the water gauge for several hours. Restart
flushing after cooling based on the above mentioned method.
17.4 水位计的解列
17.4 Disconnection of Water Gauge
1) 水位计爆破、泄漏时，应立即解列水位计。
1) When water gauge explodes or leaks, disconnect it immediately.
2) 戴好防护用具，侧对水位计。
2) Wear protective clothing and stand sideways to the water gauge
330
3) 关闭汽、水侧一次门。
3) Close primary valves at steam side and water side
4) 缓慢开启放水阀。
4) Open water discharge valve slowly.
5) 关闭汽侧二次阀。
5) Close secondary valve at steam side.
6) 关闭水侧二次门。
6) Close secondary valve at water side.
17.5 水位计运行中的注意事项
17.5 Precautions for Water Gauge Operation
1) 正常运行中，要全开汽、水侧阀门，否则，保险子起不到保护作用。
1) During normal operation, valves at steam side and water side should be fully
opened. Otherwise the safety ball cannot work normally.
2) 正常运行中，水位计的各部照明应完好，并配有事故照明。
2) During normal operation, illumination for water gauge should be in good
condition and emergency lighting should also be available.
3) 每班应校对水位计两次，发现各水位计偏差超过±30 时，应及时联系热工处理。
3) Calibrate water gauge twice every each shift. Contact I&C personnel to repair
when deviation of each water gauge exceeds ±30.
4) 水位计投切操作应缓慢谨慎进行，严禁正对水位计操作。
4) Operation and switchover of water gauges should be carried out slowly and
carefully. Do not directly face the gauge when operating it.
5) 在操作中要防止保险子堵塞管路，如因误操作导致保险子堵死通道，则可关闭
阀门，利用阀瓣前针顶开钢球，重新投运水位计即可。
5) Avoid pipeline blocking caused by safety ball during operations. Close the
valve if the safety ball blocks the pipe channel due to improper operation. Use
front needle of valve disc to move the steel bal. Return the water gauge to
operation.
6) 超压试验时，应解列水位计。
6) When carrying out the over pressure test, disconnect the water gauge.
7) 酸洗时应隔绝水位计。
7) Water gauge should be isolated during acid washing.
8) 正常运行中，水位计排污阀应关闭严密，水位计停用期间，排污阀应打开。
8) The blowdown valve of water gauge should be closed tightly during normal
operation and opened when the water gauge is shutdown.
9) 水位计操作时，应注意人身安全，戴好必要的防护工具。
9) Pay attention to personal safety when operating water gauge. Wear the
331
necessary protective clothing.
332
18 火焰监视探头冷却风机
18 Cooling Air Fan for Flame Detector Probe
18.1 概述
18.1 Overview
1) 锅炉火焰监视探头冷却风机为二台，互为备用，风机利用压力开关实现连锁，
当母管风压小于5.5KPa 时将自动启动另一台风机。
1) There are two sets of cooling air fan for the boiler flame detector probe, one is
for operation and the other is in standby. The air fan makes use of the
pressure switch to realize interlock function, that is: when the main pipe air
pressure is lower than 5.5KPa, one set of air fan will start automatically.
2) 9-19-15.2D风机主要由叶轮、机壳、进风口、传动组等组成；
2) The 9-19-15.2D air fan is primarily composed of impeller, shell, air inlet and
driving group.
3) 叶轮：9-19-15.2D风机叶片为12片，均属前向弯曲叶型，叶轮扩压器外缘最高
圆周速度不超过140m/s，叶轮成型后经静、动平衡校正，故运转平稳。
3) Impeller: it is composed of 12 forward bend leaf type blades. The highest
circumferential speed at rim of diffuser does not exceed 140m/s. The
impellers run smoothly and stably because static calibration and dynamic
calibration are carried out after the impeller is manufactured.
4) 机壳：用钢板焊接成蜗形壳整体。
4) Shell: It is a kind of whole spiral shell which welded by steel plate.
5) 进风口：用钢板做成收敛式流线型的整体结构，用螺栓固定在前盖板上。
5) Air inlet: It is a kind of convergence type and stream-lined whole structure
which is made of steel plate.
6) 传动组：由主轴、轴承箱、联轴器等组成。主轴由优质钢制成，轴承箱整体结
构，采用滚动轴承，用轴承润滑脂润滑。
6) Drive group: It is composed of main shaft, bearing housing, coupling, etc. The
main shaft is made of high quality steel. It is a kind of whole structure which
uses rolling bearing and is lubricated by bearing grease.
18.2 设备规范
18.2 Specifications
火检风机电动机
型号 9-19NO6.3A 型号 Y2-160L-2
风量 3220-5153m/H 功率 18.5 kW
风压 9140-9055Pa 电压 380kV
转速 2960rpm 转速 2960rpm
功率 18.5KW 功率因数 0.808
333
传动方式 D型电流 32 A
Flame detection fan Motor

Model 9-19NO6.3A Model Y2-160L-2
Air volume 3220-5153m/H Power 18.5 kW
Air pressure 9140-9055Pa Voltage 380kV
Speed 2960rpm Speed 2960rpm
Power 18.5KW Power factor 0.808
Drive mode D type Current 32 A
18.3 启动前检查与准备
18.3 Inspections and Preparation before Startup
1) 按辅机通则检查合格。
1) Check systems are qualified according the auxiliary equipment general
principles
2) 入口滤网清洁，冷却风机挡板灵活，无卡涩现象。
2) The inlet filter is clean, the cooling air fan damper works flexibly and no stuck
phenomenon.
3) 各测量仪表阀均开启。
3) All measuring instrument valves are open.
4) 开启冷却风总阀和去各火焰探头的风门。
4) Open the main cooling air valve and the valves to all flame detector probe.
5) 将进风阀门关闭，出风阀门稍开。
5) Close air inlet valve and slightly open air outlet valve.
6) 检查风机各部的间隙尺寸，转动部分与固定部分有无碰撞及磨擦现象。
6) Check the clearance of each part to make sure that there is no collision and
friction between rotating parts and fixed parts.
18.4 冷却风机的启动、运行维护、停止
18.4 Startup, Operation, Maintenance and Shutdown for Cooling Air Fan
1) 在锅炉启动前，应投入冷却风机运行。
1) Before boiler startup, put the cooling air fan into operation.
2) 将切换开关切至主选火检冷却风机，启动主选冷却风机，检查风机转动方向正
确，风压正常，风机运行稳定，投入另一台冷却风机联锁。
2) Change over the switch to main flame detector cooling air fan to start up,
check the air fan rotating direction is correct, air pressure is normal and air
fan operation is stable and put the other cooling air fan in interlock.
334
3) 风机启动后，达到正常转速时，应在运转过程中经常检查轴承温度是否正常，
当轴承温度没有特殊要求，轴承温度不得超过周围环境温度的40°C；轴承部位
的均方根据振动速度不得大于6.3m m /s。如发现风机有剧烈的振动、撞击、轴
承温升迅速上升等现象时，则必须紧急停车。
3) After air fan is started and reaches normal speed, its bearing temperature
should be inspected frequently. If there are no special requirements, the
bearing temperature should not exceed the ambient temperature by 40°C.
The effective value (in RMS) should not over 6.3mm/s based on vibration
speed. If there is a violent vibration or collisions, or bearing temperature rises
rapidly, carry out emergency shutdown.
4) 定期检查风机和电动机的运行情况，风压正常，入口滤网清洁。
4) Check the air fan and motor operation condition is normal periodically, air
pressure is normal and the inlet filter is clean.
5) 锅炉正常运行时，应保持一台火检冷却风机运行，一台联锁备用，并应进行定
期切换。
5) During boiler normal operation, keep one set of flame detector cooling air fan
run, keep the other set in standby and interlock and change over periodically.
6) 停炉后，一般当炉膛出口温度低于80℃时，停止火检冷却风机。
6) After boiler shutdown, generally, when the furnace outlet temperature is lower
than 80℃, shut down the flame detector cooling air fan.
18.5 风机正常运行中的注意事项
18.5 Notices during normal operation of air fan
1) 在风机开车、停车、或运转过程中，如发现不正常现象时应立即进行检查，若
是小故障应及时查明原因设法消除。发现大故障应立即停车检修。
1) Check any problems that are discovered immediately during air fan startup,
shutdown and normal operation. If the problem can not be solved, air fan
must be stopped immediately.
2) 除每次检修后应更换润滑油（30#机油）外，正常情况下根据实际情况更换润
滑油。
2) In addition to replacing lubrication oil (#30 machine oil) every time after
maintenance, in normal operation, replace oil according to actual conditions.
18.6 风机运行中的故障及原因
18.6 Faults and Causes during Air Fan Operation
18.6.1 风机剧烈振动
18.6.1 Violent Vibration
18.6.1.1 风机轴与电机轴不同心；
18.6.1.1 Misalignment between air fan shaft and motor shaft;
18.6.1.2 机壳或进风口与叶轮磨擦；
335
18.6.1.2 Friction between impeller and shell or air inlet;
18.6.1.3 基础的刚度不够或不牢固；
18.6.1.3 Foundation rigidity force not enough;
18.6.1.4 叶轮铆钉松动或叶轮变形；
18.6.1.4 Rivets of impeller are loose or impeller is deformed;
18.6.1.5 叶轮轴盘孔与轴配合松动；
18.6.1.5 The connection parts between impeller tray hole and shaft are loose;
18.6.1.6 机壳、轴承座与支架，轴承座与轴承盖等联接螺栓松动；
18.6.1.6 The bolts of shell and bolts between bearing seat and support, and bolts between
bearing seat and bearing cover are loose;
18.6.1.7 风机进、出口管道安装不良，产生共振；
18.6.1.7 Resonance is caused by improper installation of air fan inlet and outlet pipes;
18.6.1.8 叶片有积灰、污垢、叶片损磨、叶轮变形、轴弯曲使转子产生不平衡。
18.6.1.8 There is deposited ash and dirt on the blade, blades worn, deformation of impeller,
or rotor unbalance, causing by shaft bending.
18.6.2 轴承温升过高
18.6.2 Rise in bearing temperature
18.6.2.1 轴承箱剧烈振动；
18.6.2.1 Violent vibration of bearing housing;
18.6.2.2 润滑剂质量不良，变质或含有灰尘、砂粒、污垢等杂质或填充量不足；
18.6.2.2 The quality of lubricant is inferior or lubricant contains impurities, such as ash, grit,
dirt, etc, or filled lubricant is not enough;
18.6.2.3 轴承箱盖、座连接螺栓之紧力过大或过小；
18.6.2.3 The bolt tension between bearing cover and bearing seat is too much or not
enough;
18.6.2.4 轴与滚动轴承安装歪斜、前后两轴不同心；
18.6.2.4 Installation of bearings and roller bearings is crooked and the front shafts and rear
shaft are not aligned;
18.6.2.5 滚动轴承损坏或轴弯曲。
18.6.2.5 Roller bearing is damaged or shaft bent.
18.6.3 电机电流过大和温升过高
18.6.3 Motor current too large and temperature too high
18.6.3.1 启动时进、出气管道闸门未关；
18.6.3.1 Air inlet pipe and outlet pipe are not closed before startup;
18.6.3.2 电机输入电压或电源单相断电；
18.6.3.2 Voltage is introduced to motor or single-phase of power is cut off;
336
18.6.3.3 受轴承箱剧烈振动的影响；
18.6.3.3 Influenced by violent vibration of bearing housing;
18.6.3.4 主轴转速超过额定值。
18.6.3.4 Rotating speed of main shaft exceeds rated value.
18.6.4 冷却风机跳闸
18.6.4 Cooling Air Fan Trip
18.6.4.1 现象
18.6.4.1 Description
1) 运行冷却风机停运。
1) The operating cooling air fan shuts down.
2) 备用冷却风机自动联起。
2) The standby cooling air fan is interlock started automatically.
3) 冷却风母管压力波动。
3) The main cooling air pipe pressure has fluctuation.
4) 两台冷却风机同时跳闸且冷却风木管压力低低，MFT动作，发声光报警信号。
4) Two sets of cooling air fan trip at the same time and the main cooling air pipe
pressure is low, MFT activates and the aural and visual alarming signal is
sent out.
18.6.4.2 处理
18.6.4.2 Solutions
1) 检查备用风机联起运行正常。
1) Check the standby air fan can be interlock started normally.
2) 隔离跳闸风机，查明跳闸原因，通知检修人员处理。
2) Isolate the tripped air fan, find out the causes and inform the maintenance
personnel to handle.
3) 若MFT动作，则按事故停炉处理。
3) If MFT activates, solve this fault according to emergency unit shutdown
solutions.
18.6.5 冷却风母管压力低处理
18.6.5 Solutions for Cooling Air Main Pipe Pressure Low
18.6.5.1 检查系统、阀门无异常泄漏，启动备用风机运行。
18.6.5.1 Check all systems and valves have no abnormal leakage and start up the standby
air fan.
18.6.5.2 检查风机出、入口阀门无卡涩，母管压力正常，切换至备用风机运行。
18.6.5.2 Check the air fan inlet valve and outlet valve are not stuck, the main pipe pressure
is normal and change over to run the standby air fan.
18.6.5.3 检查清理风机入口滤网。
337
18.6.5.3 Check and clear the air fan inlet filter.
338
19 空气压缩机
19 Air Compressor of ash Conveying system
19.1 概述
19.1 Overview
本工程共安装3台仪用空压机，3台空压机组成1个供气单元，2台运行，1台备用。3
台检修用空气压缩机，3台空压机组成1个供气单元，2台运行，1台备用。检修空压
机除供全厂检修用气外还供除灰用。全厂空压机设置6台24.8m3/min 的喷油螺杆式
空气压缩机，额定排气压力0.75MPa（g），5台运行，1台备用。配6台冷冻式干燥
机，系统采用母管制，四个中间储气罐容积为20m3,工作压力0.8MPa。6台空压机
联锁控制，可自启停。四个中间储气罐分别供检修用压缩空气罐（1个）除灰用压
缩空气罐（1个）仪用压缩空气罐2个
Three sets of instrument air compressors are installed. They compose one unit in
which two are in operation and one for standby. There are three maintenance air
compressors. Similarly, two are in operation and one is for standby. The
maintenance air compressors are not only used for maintenance but also for ash
handling. There are 6 24.8m3/min oil spary screw air compressors with the rated
exhaust pressure being 0.75MPa (g). Five sets are in operation while one set
serves as standby. Six refrigeration dryers are equipped for this system. The
system is of main pipe type. Four intermediate air storage tank is 20m3 while
working pressure is 0.8MPa. The six air compressors are controlled via interlock
and can be activated / deactivated automatically. The four intermediate air storage
tanks are respectively used for one maintenance compresed air tank, one ash
handling compressed air tank and two instrument compressed air tanks.
19.2 设备规范
19.2.1 空压机规范
19.2.1 Conveying Compressor Specification
序号名称单位技术参数备注
1 型号 GA160-7.5M 螺杆式空气压缩机
2 排气量 Nm3/min 28.6
3 进气压力 MPa(a) 0.1
4 环境温度 ℃ 35
5 排气压力 MPa(g) 0.75
6 冷却方式水冷
7 排气温度 ℃ 40 机头温度
10 转速 r/min 1475
11 气体出口含油量 PPm ≤2 （即mg/m3）
13 比功率 Nm3/kW 0.179
339
14 后部冷却器出口温度： ℃ 30～35
15 冷却水量 L/min 55
16 冷却水压 MPa 0.2～0.6
17 主电机型号 Y315M-4
18 主电机台数 1
19 主电机额定功率 kW 132
21 电源电压 400V
22 主电机绝缘等级 F
23 主电机防护等级 IP54
24 效率 % ＞
25 主电机重量 kg 2235
26 主电机电加热器数量 1
27 主电机电加热器电压 V 380
28 主电机电加热器功率 kW 5
29 机组噪声 dB(A) ≤85
Numbe Technical
Name Unit Note
r Parameter
1 Model GA160-7.5M Helical air compressor
2 Exhaust volume Nm3/min 28.6
3 Air intake pressure MPa(a) 0.1
4 Ambient temperature ℃ 35
5 Exhaust pressure MPa(g) 0.75
Water
6 Cooling method
cooling
7 Exhaust temperature ℃ 40 Compressor head
8 Compressing stage 7
9 Driving method Belt driving
10 Rotation speed r/min 1475
11 Oil content at air outlet PPm ≤2 （即mg/m3）
12 Shaft power kW 200
13 Specific power Nm3/kW 0.179
Outlet temperature of rear
14 ℃ 30-35
cooler
340
15 Cooling water flow L/min 55
16 Cooling water pressure MPa 0.2-0.6
17 Main motor model Y315M-4
18 Main motor set(s) 1
19 Rated power of main motor kW 132
20 Power coefficient factor 0.9
21 Power voltage 400V
22 Main motor insulation stage F
23 Main motor protection stage IP54
24 Efficiency % ＞
25 Main motor weight kg 2235
Number of electric heater of
26 1
main motor
Voltage of electric heater of
27 V 380
main motor
Power of electric heater of
28 kW 5
main motor
29 Unit noise dB(A) ≤85
19.2.2 空气干燥设备规范
19.2.2 Air drying Equipment Specifications
序号名称单位技术参数备注
1 型号 HAD-30MZ 冷冻式干燥机
2 处理气量 Nm3/min 33
3 冷却方式空冷
4 功率 KW 5.2
5 进气温度 ℃ ≤45
6 进气含油量 PPM ≤
7 工作压力 MPa 0.8
8 成品气露点 ℃ ≤
Numbe Technical
Name Unit Note
r Parameter
1 Model HAD-30MZ refrigeration dryer
2 Handling capacity Nm3/min 33
3 Cooling method air cooling
341
4 Power KW 5.2
5 Air intake temperature ℃ ≤45
6 Oil content of intake air PPM ≤
7 Working pressure MPa 0.8
8 Product air dew point ℃ ≤
19.3 空压机启动前的检查与准备
19.3 Inspections and Preparations before Startup of Air Compressor
1) 按通则中的相关规定进行检查。
1) Inspect air compressor in accordance with with relevent rules in general
regulation.
2) 检查机身内油气桶中润滑油在规定的油位内。
2) Check lubricating oil in oil and air container is within the stipulated level.
3) 打开油桶及水分离器的泄水阀，将停机时的凝结水排除后关闭，否则会缩短润
滑油使用寿命且易造成轴承烧坏。
3) Open oil container and water release valve of water separator. Close the
valve after draining the condensate from the shutdown air compressor. If not,
the service life of the lubricating oil will be shortened and the bearings may
burnt and damaged.
4) 禁止混用不同牌号的润滑油，且只可在无压力时方可打开加油口盖。
4) Do not blend different brands of lubricating oil. Open oil filling cap only when
there is no pressure.
5) 长期停机后开机，需测量电机的绝缘，应在1 MΩ以上。
5) Before startup, inspect insulation of the motor which has been shutdown for a
long time. It should be above 1 MΩ.
6) 在安装或长期停机后第一次开机，需用手盘动空压机数转，防止启动时压缩机
内失油烧坏。
6) During initial startup after installation or after longterm shutdown, manually
turn the air comperssor to prevent internal burning due to oil shortage.
7) 各安全阀压力设定值正确。
7) All safety valve set points are correct.
8) 检查干燥剂是否油污染或粉化而失效。
8) Inspect oil contamination and chalking of drying agent.
9) 检查干燥剂颜色是否正常，干燥时应为蓝色。
9) Inspect the colour of the drying agent. It should be blue when dry.
10) 投运储气罐的放水阀及母管放水阀应关闭。
10) The release water valves of the air container in operation and main pipe
should be closed.
342
11) 开启各储气罐入口手动门，关闭各用气点支门。
11) Open manual air inlet valve of air container and close all pneumatic branch
valves.
12) 上位机PLC控制系统安装正常，控制系统可靠，阀门状态与实际相符。
12) Installaton of upper computer PLC control systen is proper. Control system is
reliable. Valve states correspond with actual condition.
19.4 空压机的投运、运行维护、停运
19.4 Startup, Operation, Maintenance and Shutdown for Air Compressor
19.4.1 压缩空气系统的就地启动
19.4.1 Local Startup of Air Compressor System
19.4.1.1 开启空压机冷却水出入口门，检查冷却水压力 0.15～0.5 MPa。
19.4.1.1 Open air compressor cooling water valve, and check water pressure is between
0.15 and 0.5 Mpa.
19.4.1.2 开启压缩机去空气母管手动截止门。
19.4.1.2 Open manual stop valve between compressor and main air pipe.
19.4.1.3 关闭干燥装置旁通阀。
19.4.1.3 Close bypass valve of drying apparatus.
19.4.1.4 微开干燥装置出口截止门。
19.4.1.4 Slightly open check valve at drying apparatus outlet.
19.4.1.5 开启排气阀。
19.4.1.5 Open air vent valve.
19.4.1.6 启动空压机。
19.4.1.6 Start air compressor.
19.4.1.7 监视空压机各仪表和指示灯的情况是否正常。
19.4.1.7 Check all instruments and indicators of air compressor show normal values.
19.4.1.8 缓慢打开干燥装置进气阀。
19.4.1.8 Slowly open inlet air valve of drying apparatus.
19.4.1.9 将停用空压机投入正确位置。
19.4.1.9 Put shutdown air compressor in correct position.
19.4.2 压缩空气系统的程控启动
19.4.2 Program Control Start of Air Compressor System
19.4.2.1 登陆进入控制系统画面,选择”进入系统”按钮进入监控画面。
19.4.2.1 Log in and enter control display. Select ENTER SYSTEM button and enter
monitoring and control display.
19.4.2.2 在控制界面，选择欲启动“空压机”。
343
19.4.2.2 On the control display, select the air compessor to be started up.
19.4.2.3 在弹出的操作窗口用鼠标选择“启动“。
19.4.2.3 Use mouse to choose START in the pop-up window.
19.4.2.4 在新弹出的确认窗口选择“是”发出启动命令。
19.4.2.4 In the pop-up window, select YES to send the start order.
19.4.2.5 空压机启动,电动机”M”背景变成红色。
19.4.2.5 When the compressor is started, the background of the motor M will turn red.
19.4.3 输送空压机的运行维护
19.4.3 Running and Maintanance of Conveying Air Compressor
19.4.3.1 保持机身内润滑油位正常；
19.4.3.1 Keep lubricating oil level normal;
19.4.3.2 冷却水排出及时，后部冷却器、水分离器每天定时放水（或经长期使用后保持泄水
阀一定开度）。
19.4.3.2 Drain the cooling water in time. The rear cooler and water separator should be
drained daily. After a long time in operation, keep the drainage valve slightly open;
19.4.3.3 运行中每 2 小时检查各仪表记录：电压、电流、气压、排气温度、油位等满足要求。
19.4.3.3 Check all instruments and record every two hours, including voltage, current, air
pressure, exhaust temperture, and oil level.
19.4.3.4 注意机器运转声音及振动是否正常。
19.4.3.4 Check the sound and vibration when the compressor is running.
19.4.3.5 保持空气过滤器的清洁，一般工作 1000 小时清理一次。
19.4.3.5 Maintain the cleanliness of air filter. Clean after 1000 hours of operation.
19.4.3.6 经常注意电机的温升及电流表的读数，电动机的温升不超过电动机的允许温升。
19.4.3.6 Observe the temperature increase of motor and reading of ammeter. The motor
temperature increase should be within the regulated range.
19.4.3.7 注意空压机的控制表盘的各指示灯以及安全保护设备是否可靠。
19.4.3.7 Observe all indicators on the control panel and check the reliability of all safety
protection system.
19.4.3.8 检查汽、水、油管路各系统的气密性及泄露情况，并及时进行处理。
19.4.3.8 Check the sealing and leakage state of steam, water and oil pipe system. Deal
with problems when they arise.
19.4.3.9 当发生下列情况时，应立即停车，找出原因并予以消除：
19.4.3.9 When the following situations occur, stop the air compressor immediately, find out
the reason and eliminate the faults:
1) 电机电流高或低，超过正常值。
1) The motor current is high or low, exceeding the normal value;
2) 压缩机排气温度高或低，超过正常值。
344
2) Exhaust temperature of the compressor is high or low, exceeding the normal
value;
3) 压缩机排气压力超过定值。
3) Exhaust pressure of the compressor exceeds the setting value;
4) 冷却水突然中断，应立即停机检查。
4) Cooling water supply is suddenly cut off; stop and check the motor
immediately;
5) 空气中含油份高，润滑油添加周期减短，无负荷时滤清器冒烟。
5) High oil content in the air, lubrication oil filling cycle is reduced and the filter
produces smoke when there is no load;
6) 电机的滑环或碳刷间发生严重火花时。
6) When the serious spark occurs on slip rings or carbon brushes;
7) 压缩机运转中有异常声音或不平常振动时。
7) When there are unusual sounds or vibrations occurring during compressor
operation;
8) 空气滤清器阻塞、油过滤器阻塞、油细分离器阻塞、油位低等四种指示其中之
一亮时。
8) One of the following four indicators is on: air filter blockage indicator, oil filter
blockage indicator, oil fine separator blockage indicator, low oil level indicator.
19.4.4 空压机的运行保养
19.4.4 Maintenance of Air Compressor during Operation
每日或每次运转前：同开机前各项检查。
Daily or before each startup: same as the inspections conducted before startup.
19.4.4.1 运转 500 小时保养工作
19.4.4.1 Maintenance after 500 hours in operation
1) 新机使用后第一次换油滤芯。
1) Replace oil filter cartridge for new compressors;
2) 空气滤芯取下清洁，用0.2MPa以下低压压缩空气由内向外吹干净。
2) Disassemble and clean the air filter cartridge, blow it from inside to outside
with low pressure compressed air (lower than 0.2 Mpa);
3) 更换润滑油。
3) Replace the lubrication oil.
19.4.4.2 运转 1000 小时保养工作
19.4.4.2 Maintenance after 1000 hours in operation
1) 检查进气阀动作、拉杆及活动部分动作正常，并加注油脂。
1) Check the opening of air inlet valve and working of rod and moving parts, and
top up the grease.
345
2) 清洁空气过滤器且要定时清理。
2) Clean the air filter on time.
3) 检查或更换油滤芯。
3) Check or replace the oil filter cartridge.
19.4.4.3 运转 2000 小时或 6 个月保养工作
19.4.4.3 Maintenance work after operation for 2000 hours or 6 months
1) 检查各部管路。
1) Check the pipelines of every part;
2) 更换润滑油并清除油垢。
2) Replace the lubrication oil and eliminate the oil dirt;
3) 检查并清洗观油镜。
3) Check and clean the oil observation port.
4) 清洗Y型过滤器。
4) Clean Y-type filter.
5) 电机轴承加油60g，每2000h更换一次，油脂型号Unirex N3。
5) Inject 60g of Unirex N3 type grease for the motor bearing, and replace the
grease every 2000hours.
19.4.4.4 运转 3000 小时或 1 年保养工作
19.4.4.4 Maintenance work after operation for 3000 hours or 12 months
1) 清洁进气阀，更换O型环，加注润滑油脂。
1) Clean the air inlet valve, replace the O ring, and fill the lubrication grease;
2) 检查三向电磁阀。
2) Check the three-phase solenoid valve;
3) 检查泄放阀。
3) Check the relief valve;
4) 检查油细分离器是否阻塞。
4) Check wether the oil fine separator is blocked;
5) 检查压力维持阀。
5) Check the pressure maintaining valve.
6) 清洗冷油器，更换O型环。
6) Clean the oil cooler and replace the O ring;
7) 更换空气滤芯，更换油滤芯。
7) Replace the air filter cartridge and oil filter cartridge;
8) 电动机加注润滑油脂。
8) Add lubrication grease to the motor.
346
9) 检查启动器动作是否正常。
9) Check whether the working of starter is normal;
10) 检查各保护差压开关是否动作正常。
10) Check whether the working of protective DPS is normal.
11) 更换复盛专用高级冷却液1541-SCF46-205(205L)。
11) Replace the Fusheng exclusive high-class cooling medium
1541-SCF46-205(205L).
19.4.4.5 运转 20000 小时或 4 年保养工作
19.4.4.5 Maintenance work after operation for 20000 hours or 4 year
1) 更换机体轴承各油封，调整间隙。
1) Replace the oil seals of bearings and adjust the clearance;
2) 测量电机绝缘，应在1MΩ以上。
2) Measure the motor insulation to ensure it is above 1MΩ;
3) 主机返厂大修。
3) Take back the compressor main machine to the manufacturer for overhaul
19.4.5 空压机的正常停运
19.4.5 Normal Air Compressor Shutdown
19.4.5.1 手动启动备用空压机；
19.4.5.1 Manually start up the standby air compressor;
19.4.5.2 当出口压力至设定值时，手动开启其出口截门；
19.4.5.2 Manually open outlet stop valve when outlet pressure reaches the set value;
19.4.5.3 停止待停空压机；
19.4.5.3 Shut down the air compressor that is awaiting shutdown;
19.4.5.4 空压机无负荷运转 30min；
19.4.5.4 Air compressor operates 30 min with no load;
19.4.5.5 放出相关罐体内的冷凝水；
19.4.5.5 Discharge cooling water in corresponding tank;
19.4.5.6 若有任何故障，应先排除，以利将来使用；
19.4.5.6 Eliminate all faults for future use.
19.4.5.7 关闭该机冷却水总进水阀，将冷却水完全排出；
19.4.5.7 Close the cooling water main inlet valve of this air compressor;discharge all
cooling water thoroughly;
19.4.5.8 对电机控制盘等电气设备（安全阀）作好保护，防湿气进入及锈蚀，且注意防止湿
气灰尘进入设备开口处，特别防止异物掉入压缩机体，以免损坏压缩机。
19.4.5.8 Protect the electric equipment such as motor control panel and safety valves to
prevent the following from damaging air compressor:
347
Damp and corrosion;
The damp and the dust in equipment opening; and
Foreign matter entering the air compressor
19.4.6 空压机的故障停运
19.4.6 Emergency Shutdown of Air Compressor
19.4.6.1 手动按“紧急停机”按钮；
19.4.6.1 Press EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN button;
19.4.6.2 运行备用的空压机应连锁启动，否则手动启动运行备用空压机，并汇报班长，同时
密切注意系统压力的变化。
19.4.6.2 nterlock start up the standby air compressor; otherwise start up it manually; report
the condition to the shift leader; closely monitor the changes in system pressure.
19.4.6.3 空压机停止后的操作及注意事项同正常停机。
19.4.6.3 The operation and precautions after air compressor shutdown is similar to the
normal shutdown.
19.5 冷冻式干燥机启动前的检查与准备
19.5 Inspections and Preparations before Startup of refrigerating dry filter
1) 检查干燥机内、外部各部位是否紧固，不准任何联接有松动现象。
1) Check whether the internal and external parts of the dryer are tight. Loose
connections are not allowed;
2) 检查电源电压、来气压力、进口温度、处理风量等工况条件是否与名牌相等。
2) Check whether the operation conditions such as power supply voltage,
incoming air pressure, inlet temperature, air capacity conform to the
nameplate values;
3) 检查进气阀、供气阀是否处于“关闭”状态。
3) Check whether the air admission valve and air supply valve are closed;
4) 检查电源电压的波动范围，不得超过额定电压的±5%。
4) Check the fluctuation range of power supply voltage. Voltage exceeding ±5%
of rated voltage is not allowed;
5) 确认贮气罐及系统各处节阀处于正常位置。
5) Confirm the air storage tank and control valves of the system are in the
proper position;
6) 清理机组周围杂物，以确保机组运行安全。
6) Clean the foreign matter from around the equipment to guarantee safe
operation.
19.6 冷冻式干燥机的投运、运行维护、停运
19.6 Startup, Operation, Maintenance and Shutdown of Refrigeration dryer
348
19.6.1 冷冻式干燥机的启动
19.6.1 Startup of Refrigeration dryer
19.6.1.1 关闭干燥空气旁路阀，缓慢打开空气进口阀，关闭空气出口阀，同时缓慢打开过程
器的进口阀。
19.6.1.1 Close the bypass valve of dry air. Open the air admission valve slowly. Close the
air outlet valve when opening the inlet valve of controller.
19.6.1.2 按下电源联“ON”启动干燥机。
19.6.1.2 Press ON to startup the dryer.
19.6.1.3 观察各仪表工作参数正常后，缓慢打开空气出口阀，待干燥机运行正常 5 分钟后方
可全部开启空气出口阀，干燥机进入正常运行状态。
19.6.1.3 Observe the working parameters on each instrument. After the parameters are in
proper state, open the air outlet valve slowly. All of the air outlet valves can be
opened only after the dryer has run normally for 5 minutes; then the dryer is
operated normally.
19.6.1.4 仪表显示正常值：蒸发压力：0.4~0.5MPa；出口压力 0.5~0.7Mpa。
19.6.1.4 Normal values displayed: evaporation pressure: 0.4 - 0.5Mpa; outlet pressure 0.5
- 0.7Mpa.
19.6.1.5 每次停机 5 分钟后方可再次启动。
19.6.1.5 Restart of the dryer can only be performed after it has been shut down for 5
minutes.
19.6.2 冷冻式干燥过滤装置系统运行中的注意事项
19.6.2 Precautions for Refrigeration Dryer System Operation
19.6.2.1 系统投入正常运行后严禁触动各处按钮，禁止更改各项工作参灵敏，严禁随意开、
关各处节阀门。
19.6.2.1 Do not perform the following:
touch buttons after the system in normal operation;
change all working parameters;
and open and close valves at random.
19.6.2.2 每间隔 1 小时检查干燥机的蒸发压力，排气压力，蒸发压力正常值为 0.4~0.5MPa；
排气压力正常值 0.5~0.7MPa。
19.6.2.2 Check the evaporation pressure and exhaust pressure of dryer every one hour;
the normal evaporation pressure is 0.4-0.5MPa; the normal exhaust pressure is
0.5-0.7MPa.
19.6.2.3 每间隔 1 小时检查压缩机的冷凝液，干燥机的自动排水是否正常工作，如不能正常
工作应采用手动排水。
19.6.2.3 Check the condensate of air compressor every one hour; check the automatic
drainage of dryer is working normally or not. If not, use manual drainage.
19.6.2.4 认真填写运行记录，做到详细、完整、准确。
19.6.2.4 Record the operation conditions carefully and correctly.
349
19.6.3 冷冻式干燥机的停运
19.6.3 Shutdown of refrigeration dryer
19.6.3.1 只有当系统全部停运时，才能停止干燥机的运行。
19.6.3.1 Shut down the dryer only when the whole system is out of service.
19.6.3.2 首先关闭空气出口阀。
19.6.3.2 Firstly close air outlet valve.
19.6.3.3 按下停止按钮“OFF”，干燥机即退出运行。
19.6.3.3 Press the OFF button, the dryer will be out of operation.
19.6.3.4 用手动排水阀排净分离器内存水。
19.6.3.4 Discharge the water in separator via drainage valve manually.
19.6.3.5 关闭空气进口阀，切断电源。
19.6.3.5 Close air inlet valve and cut off power supply.
19.6.3.6 清理机组外部卫生。
19.6.3.6 Clean the unit vicinity.
19.7 空压机停机后的保养
19.7 Air compressor Maintenance after Shutdown
长期停机时应进行以下保养：
Perform the following maintenance for long term outage:
19.7.1 停机三星期以上
19.7.1 Outage More than 3 weeks
19.7.1.1 电机控制盘等电气设备用塑胶纸或油纸包好，以防湿气浸入。
19.7.1.1 Wrap the electric equipment such as motor control panel with plastic paper or
oilpaper to prevent damage from dampness.
19.7.1.2 将油冷却器，后冷油器内的水完全放尽。
19.7.1.2 Discharge all water in oil cooler and rear oil cooler.
19.7.1.3 若有任何故障，应先排除，以利将来使用。
19.7.1.3 Eliminate all faults for future use.
19.7.1.4 几天后再将油桶、油冷却器、后冷却器的凝结水排出。
19.7.1.4 Discharge the condensate from oil sump, oil cooler and rear oil cooler a few days
later.
19.7.2 停机二个月以上
19.7.2 Outage for more than 2 months
除执行21.7.1中有关规定外，需做以下处理：
Performing the following in addition to carrying out the procedures in 21.7.1:
350
19.7.2.1 将所有开口封闭，以防湿气、灰尘进入。
19.7.2.1 Seal all openings to prevent damp and dust ingress.
19.7.2.2 将安全阀，控制盘等用油纸包好，以防锈蚀。
19.7.2.2 Wrap safety valves and control panels with oilpaper to prevent corrosion.
19.7.2.3 停用前将润滑油换新，并运转 30min，两三天后排出油桶及油冷却器中的凝结水。
19.7.2.3 Replace lubricant oil before outage and operate the air compressor for 30 min;
discharge all condensate in oil tank and oil cooler two or three days later.
19.7.2.4 将冷却水完全排出。
19.7.2.4 Discharge all cooling water.
19.7.2.5 尽可能将机器迁移至灰尘少且干燥处存放。
19.7.2.5 Move the equipment to a clean and dry place.
19.7.3 重新开机程序
19.7.3 Re-start Procedures
19.7.3.1 除去机台上塑胶纸或油纸。
19.7.3.1 Remove the plastic paper or oilpaper from the equipment.
19.7.3.2 测量电机的绝缘应在 1MΩ以上。
19.7.3.2 Check the motor insulation is at least 1MΩ.
19.7.3.3 其它程序如试车所述步骤。
19.7.3.3 For other procedures, refer to the test run.
19.7.4 润滑油的更换
19.7.4 Replacement of Lube Oil
19.7.4.1 启动空压机，使油温上升。
19.7.4.1 Start up air compressor to increase the oil temperature.
19.7.4.2 按下“OFF”按钮，停止运转。
19.7.4.2 Press the OFF button to stop operation.
19.7.4.3 缓慢打开泄油阀，以免润滑油四溅。
19.7.4.3 Slowly open oil relief valve to avoid oil spilling everywhere.
19.7.4.4 润滑油泄尽后关闭泄油阀，打开加油口盖注入新油。
19.7.4.4 Close the oil relief valve after the lube oil is thoroughly emptied. Open oil cover
and fill the new lube oil.
19.8 储气罐
19.8 Air Storage Tank
19.8.1 储气罐的运行维护
19.8.1 Air Storage Tank Operation and Maintenance
351
19.8.1.1 检查储气罐压力指示是否正常。
19.8.1.1 Check the air storage pressure is normal.
19.8.1.2 运行中应加强对储气罐底部自动疏水器的检查。
19.8.1.2 Frequently check the auto drainer at the bottom of air storage tank is in operation.
19.8.2 储汽罐的停运
19.8.2 Air Storage Tank Shutdown
19.8.2.1 投入备用设备
19.8.2.1 Put standby equipment into operation.
19.8.2.2 关闭储汽罐入口手动阀。
19.8.2.2 Close air storage tank inlet manual valve.
19.8.2.3 关闭储汽罐出口手动阀。
19.8.2.3 Close air storage tank outlet manual valve.
19.8.2.4 开启储汽罐底部放水阀。
19.8.2.4 Open the water discharge valve at the bottom of air storage tank.
19.8.2.5 当储汽罐内压力释放完后，进行检修，维护工作。
19.8.2.5 Service the tank after releasing all pressure in air storage tank.
19.9 空压机的故障及处理
19.9 Fault and trouble Shooting of Air Compressor
19.9.1 空压机无法启动（电气故障灯亮）
19.9.1 Air compressor can not be started up (electric fault indicator on)
19.9.1.1 原因
19.9.1.1 Causes
1) 保险熔断。
1) Blown fuse.
2) 保护继电器动作。
2) Relay protection activated.
3) 启动继电器故障。
3) Startup relay fault.
4) 启动按钮接触不良。
4) Startup button fault
5) 电压太低。
5) Low voltage.
6) 电动机故障。
6) Motor fault.
352
7) 机体故障。
7) Air compressor body fault.
8) 欠相继电器保护动作。
8) Phase loss relay protection activated.
19.9.1.2 处理
19.9.1.2 Problems
1) 联系电气检修人员检修。
1) Inform electrical maintenance.
2) 手动盘车，若无法转动时，联系检修处理。
2) Turn the shaft manually. If the shaft cannot be rotated, inform maintenance.
3) 检查电源线及各接点。
3) Check power supply cable and all wiring points.
19.9.2 运转电流高，压缩机跳闸（电气故障灯亮）
19.9.2 High operating current causes air compressor to trip (electric fault indicator on)
19.9.2.1 原因
19.9.2.1 Causes
1) 电压太低。
1) Low voltage.
2) 排气压力太高。
2) High air exhaust pressure.
3) 润滑油规格不正确。
3) Incorrect lube oil specification.
4) 油细分离器堵，润滑油压力高。
4) Blocked fine oil separator; high lube oil pressure.
5) 压缩机本体故障。
5) Air compressor body fault.
19.9.2.2 处理
19.9.2.2 Problems
1) 联系电气人员检查。
1) Inform electrical maintenance.
2) 查看压力表，如果未超过设定压力，调整压力开关。
2) Check pressure gauge. If the pressure does not exceed the set value, adjust
the pressure switch.
3) 校验油质，检查油号，更换油品。
3) Check oil quality; check oil number; replace the oil.
353
4) 更换油细分离器。
4) Replace fine oil separator.
5) 手动盘车，无法转动时，联系检修处理。
5) Turn the shaft manually. If the shaft cannot be rotated, inform maintenance.
19.9.3 运转电流低于正常值
19.9.3 Operating current is lower than the normal value
19.9.3.1 原因
19.9.3.1 Causes
1) 空气消耗量太大，压力在设定值以下工作。
1) Too much air consumption; the pressure is below the set value.
2) 空气过滤器堵塞。
2) Blocked air filter.
3) 进气阀动作不良（碟阀卡住不动作）。
3) Air inlet valve does not activate normally (blocked butterfly valve does not
activate).
4) 气量调节阀调整不当。
4) Improper adjustment of air flow regulating valve.
19.9.3.2 处理
19.9.3.2 Problems
1) 检查各用户点，必要时增加压缩机运行数量。
1) Check all user points; increase number of operating air compressor s if
necessary.
2) 清洁或更换过滤器。
2) Clean or replace the filter.
3) 拆卸清洗并加注润滑脂。
3) Remove and clean the filter and fill grease.
4) 重新设定调整气量调节阀。
4) Reset the air regulating valve.
19.9.4 排气温度(压力维持阀出口)低于正常值（低于 70℃）
19.9.4 Air exhaust temperature at the pressure maintenance valve outlet is lower than
the normal value (below 70℃)
19.9.4.1 原因
19.9.4.1 Causes
1) 冷却水量太大。
1) Too much cooling water.
354
2) 环境温度太低。
2) Low ambient temperature.
3) 无负荷太久。
3) Long term no load.
4) 排气温度表不正确。
4) Incorrect exhaust temperature indication.
5) 热控制阀故障。
5) Thermal control valve fault.
19.9.4.2 处理
19.9.4.2 Problems
1) 调整冷却水出口阀。
1) Adjust the cooling water outlet valve.
2) 增加空气消耗量。
2) Increase the air consumption.
3) 更换排气温度表。
3) Replace the exhaust temperature gauge.
4) 更换热控制阀。
4) Replace the thermal control valve.
19.9.5 排气温度高，空压机自行跳闸，排气温度高指示灯亮（大于 100℃）
19.9.5 High exhaust temperature,auto trip of air compressor,high exhaust temperature
indicator on (over 100℃)
19.9.5.1 原因
19.9.5.1 Causes
1) 润滑油量不足。
1) Insufficient lube oil.
2) 油冷却器冷却水量不足或堵塞。
2) Insufficient cooling water or blocked oil cooler.
3) 冷却水温度高。
3) High cooling water temperature.
4) 环境温度高。
4) High ambient temperature.
5) 润滑油品质不合格。
5) Poor quality lube oil.
6) 热控制阀故障。
6) Faulty thermal control valve.
355
7) 空气滤清器不清洁。
7) Unclean air filter
8) 油过滤器阻塞。
8) Blocked oil filter.
19.9.5.2 处理
19.9.5.2 Problems
1) 检查油位低于“L”时停车加油至“H”。
1) Fill the oil level to H when it shows below L.
2) 检查进出口冷却水管温度差。
2) Check differential temperature between inlet and outlet cooling water pipes.
3) 检查进水温度。
3) Check the inlet water temperature.
4) 增加室内通风，降低室内温度。
4) Increase the indoor ventilation; decrease the indoor temperature.
5) 检查进出水管温差＞5℃时，可拆下油冷却器用药剂进行清洗。
5) Remove the oil cooler to clean it with a chemical agent when the differential
temperature between the inlet and outlet water pipes is ＞5℃.
6) 检查油质，不合格时更换。
6) Check the oil quality; replace the oil if it does not meet the requirements.
7) 检查油是否进入油冷却器，否则更换热控阀。
7) Check the oil is in the oil cooler; otherwise, replace the thermal control valve.
8) 清洗或更换空气滤清器。
8) Clean or replace the air filter.
9) 更换油过滤器。
9) Replace the oil filter.
19.9.6 空气中含油分高，润滑油添加周期偏短，无负荷时滤清器冒烟
19.9.6 High oil content in air; short lube oil filling cycle; smoke coming from filter in no
load condition.
19.9.6.1 原因
19.9.6.1 Causes
1) 油面太高。
1) High oil level.
2) 回油管限流孔阻塞。
2) Blocked flow limiting pores of oil return pipe.
3) 排气压力太低。
356
3) Low exhaust pressure.
4) 油细分离器破损。
4) Damaged fine oil separator.
5) 压力维持阀弹簧疲劳。
5) Pressure maintaining valve spring fatigue.
19.9.6.2 处理
19.9.6.2 Problems
1) 检查油位并排放至“L”与“H”之间。
1) Check the oil level and keep it between L and H.
2) 拆卸清洗回油管限流孔。
2) Clean the flow limit pores in oil return pipe.
3) 提高排气压力。
3) Increase the exhaust pressure.
4) 更换备件。
4) Replace the spare parts.
5) 更换新弹簧。
5) Replace the spring.
19.9.7 无法全载运行
19.9.7 Air compressor cannot operate under full load condition
19.9.7.1 原因
19.9.7.1 Causes
1) 压力开关故障。
1) Faulty pressure switch.
2) 三向电磁阀故障。
2) Faulty three-way solenoid valve.
3) 延时继电器故障。
3) Faulty delay relay.
4) 进气阀动作不良。
4) Air inlet valve does not activate properly.
5) 压力维持阀动作不良。
5) Pressure maintaining valve does not activate well.
6) 控制管路泄漏。
6) Leaking control pipeline.
19.9.7.2 处理
19.9.7.2 Problems
357
1) 更换备件。
1) Replace the spare parts.
2) 联系电气检修人员更换。
2) Inform electrical maintenance to replace the relay.
3) 拆卸清洗后加注润滑油脂。
3) Fill lubricating grease after cleaning the valves.
4) Inform maintenance.
5) 查找泄漏位置，并锁紧。
5) Find out the leakage position and seal it.
19.9.8 无法空车，空车时表压力任保持工作压力或继续上升，安全阀动作
19.9.8 The gauge pressure still keeps working pressure or increases continuously and
safety valve activated when the unit is without load
19.9.8.1 原因
19.9.8.1 Causes
1) 压力开关失效；
1) Pressure switch does not work;
2) 进气阀动作不良；
2) Air inlet valve does not activate properly;
3) 泄放电磁阀失效；
3) Discharge solenoid valve does not work;
4) 气量调节阀失效，膜片破损；
4) Air flow regulation valve does not work; damaged membrane;
5) 泄放限流孔太小。
5) Small discharge flow limit pores.
19.9.8.2 处理
19.9.8.2 Problems
1) 联系检修更换损坏设备；
1) Replace the damaged equipment;
2) 拆卸清洗后加注润滑油脂；
2) Fill lubricating grease after cleaning the valves;
3) 增大限流孔径。
3) Increase the flow limit pores diameter.
19.9.9 压缩机风量低于正常值
19.9.9 Air flow of air compressor is lower than the normal value
358
19.9.9.1 原因
19.9.9.1 Causes
1) 进气过滤器堵塞；
1) Blocked air inlet filter;
2) 进气阀动作不良；
2) Air inlet valve does not work properly;
3) 压力维持阀动作不良；
3) Pressure maintaining valve does not work properly;
4) 油细分离器堵塞；
4) Blocked fine oil separator;
5) 泄放电磁阀泄漏。
5) Leaking discharge solenoid valve
19.9.9.2 处理
19.9.9.2 Problems
1) 清洁或更换；
1) Clean or replace the filter;
2) 拆卸清洗后加注润滑油脂；
2) Fill lubricating grease after cleaning the valve;
19.9.10 空/重车频繁
19.9.10 Frequent no load and overload
19.9.10.1 原因
19.9.10.1 Causes
1) 管路泄漏；
1) Leaking pipeline;
2) 压力开关压差太小；
2) Small differential pressure of pressure switches;
3) 空气消耗量不稳定；
3) Unstable air consumption;
4) 运行储气罐台数偏少。
4) Not enough air storage tanks in operation.
19.9.10.2 处理
19.9.10.2 Problems
359
1) 检查泄漏位置及时进行处理；
1) Check the leakage position and seal it timely;
2) 重新设定压力开关动作压差；
2) Reset differential pressure of pressure switches;
3) 增加储气罐的运行台数。
3) Increase the number of air storage tanks in operation.
19.9.11 停机时油雾从空气过滤器冒出
19.9.11 Oil vapor emitted from air filter when the air compressor is shutdown
19.9.11.1 原因
19.9.11.1 Causes
1) 油停止阀泄漏；
1) Leaking oil stop valve;
2) 止回阀泄漏；
2) Leaking check valve;
3) 重车停机；
3) Overload shutdown
4) 电气线路错误；
4) Incorrect electrical wiring;
5) 压力维持阀泄漏；
5) Leaking pressure maintaining valve;
6) 泄放阀未泄放。
6) Discharge valve does not work.
19.9.11.2 处理
19.9.11.2 Problems
根据具体情况，联系检修人员及时处理。
Inform maintenance to solve the problems.
19.10 冷冻干燥机的故障及处理
19.10 Problems and Corrective Actions of Refrigeration Dryer
19.10.1 出口压力达不到正常值
19.10.1 Outlet pressure does not reach the required value.
处理：
Corrective actions:
1) 检查进出口阀门是否全部打开。
1) Check inlet and outlet valves are fully open;
360
2) 检查管路是否有泄漏。
2) Check the pipeline for leaks.
3) 检查空气旁路阀是否关严。
3) Check air bypass valve is sealed tight.
19.10.2 空气除湿不良
19.10.2 Air dehumidifier does not work properly
处理：停机报检修人员处理自动排水器。
Corrective actions: shut down the air compressor and inform the maintenance to
repair the auto drainer.
361
20 除渣系统
20 Slag Handling System
20.1 概述
20.1 Overview
锅炉采用大倾角水浸式刮板捞渣机，将炉渣连续捞出后直接机械输送至储渣仓，是
锅炉低渣的粒化、冷却。脱水、储运连续完成。渣仓内的渣定期由自卸汽车运至渣
场储存，水浸式刮板捞渣机溢流水及渣仓析水有排水沟排入除渣循环水池，由除渣
循环水泵送至高效浓缩机进行回收处理，高效浓缩机可将溢流渣水中的尘粒大部分
沉淀下来，经沉淀下来的淤积渣浆，由排浆泵定期排入捞渣机末端，高效浓缩机溢
流水自流入回抽水池，作为除渣供水系统水源，由除渣供水泵供给，用于刮板捞渣
机冷却及渣仓反冲洗等用水，锅炉排渣冷却水的蒸发损失和其他损失由海水淡化水
补给。两炉共设1座直径为6m高效浓缩机及1座6.6m×3.9m×4m回收水池，回收水池
设有水位计，与水工补水连锁，当水位高时关掉补给水电动阀，当水位低时打开补
给给水电动阀。每台锅炉配置一台出力为5-15t/h，提升倾斜角为30°水浸式刮板捞
渣机，其头部出口设一台出力为25t/h碎渣机，经碎渣机破碎后小于50mm粒径的渣
排入渣仓，每台锅炉设一座容积109m³储渣仓，可满足锅炉BMCR工况下燃烧校核
煤种时约五天储渣量，储渣仓布置在锅炉外侧，下设运渣通道，可供运渣车运送至
灰渣场。锅炉底渣采用干式除渣系统，每台炉设1 台套刮板式捞渣机、1 台碎渣机
将渣直接输送至贮渣库。锅炉正常运行时，高温热渣经炉底排渣门进入水浸式刮板
捞渣机中，经水冷却将渣低速送出到碎渣机中破碎，将渣送至最终的贮渣库贮存。
High inclination-angle water-immersed scraper conveyor is used for the boiler.
After the slag is scrapped, they are directly transferred to slag storage vessel
mechanically to continuously complete graining, cooling, dewatering, storage and
transferring. The slag inside the vessel should be periodically discharged by the
auto dump truck and transferred to the ash yard. The overflow water and bleeding
of the water-immersed scraper conveyor is drained to the slag handling circulation
water pond, where the slag handling circulation water pump will transfer the water
to the high-efficiency thinckner for recovery processing. The high-efficiency
thinckner can make the majority of the ash sedimented. After the sedimentation,
the slurry discharge pump will interminttently transfer the slag to the end of the
scraper. The overflow water of the high-efficiency thinckner will automatically flow
back to the drainage pond where the slag handling water comes from and the
water is transferred by the slag handling pump and is used for scraper conveyor
cooling and slag vessel back washing. The evaporation loss of the boiler scapper
and the loss is made up by the sea demineralized water. The two boilers have one
6m-diameter high-efficiency thickner and one 6.6m×3.9m×4m recycle water pond.
The recycle water pond is equipped with water gauge, interlocked with the
water-making make-up. When the water level is low, the make-up water
motor-driven valve will be opened and it will close when the water level is high.
Each boiler is equipped with one 5-15t/h-output and 30° angle of inclination
water-immersed scrapper conveyor. One 25t/h-outupt slag crusher is equipped at
the head part of the scrapper conveyor. After the slag is crushed (smaller than
50mm), they are discharged to the slage vessel. Each boiler is equipped with one
109 m³ volume slag vessel, which has the capacity to store around five days slag
under the BMCR working condition of the checked coal type. The slag vessel is
located at the outside of the boiler, at the bottom of which is a slag transfer
passange where the slag is discharged to the slag yard through the truck. Boiler
bottom ash adopts dry type slag handling system, each unit is installed with one
362
scraper slag conveyor and on slag crusher. Scraper slag conveyor conveys slag
directly to storage silo. During normal operation, slag with high temperature is
delivered into submerged scraper slag conveyor through slag discharge valve at
the bottom of boiler, and then conveyed to slag crusher slowly after cooled by
water, finally conveyed to slag storage silo.
1台炉设置一座钢结构圆柱形贮渣库，直径为φ6m，有效容积约为85m3，满足锅炉
连燃用设计煤种续运行96 小时的贮渣量。贮渣库的底部设有排出口，排出口设置
气控放渣门，就地控制。贮渣库下留有运渣汽车通道，汽车在贮渣库间内装渣外运
至储灰场碾压储存也可综合利用。
Each boiler has one steel column type slag storage silo with the diameter is φ6m
and effective capacity is about 85m3. The storage silo can hold 96 hours worth of
continously combusted design coal. Slag discharge outlet, which has air
controlled discharge valve, is located at the bottom of slag silo and controlled
locally. Under the silo is a space for trucks to convey the ash away, and the slag
which is delivered to storage yard can be used elsewhere.
贮渣库设有冲洗装置，冲洗水来至厂内冲洗水管道，排水至输渣系统排水沟。
Slag storage silo is installed with flushing device. The flushing water comes from
flushing water pipe in power plant, and finally is discharged to waste water trench.
除渣系统流程为：
Flow chart of slag handling system
363
20.2 除渣系统的联锁
20.2 Interlock of Slag Handling System
1) “自动”与“就地”互相闭锁，当选“自动”，就地操作无效，反之亦然。
1) AUTOMATIC mode and LOCAL mode are interlocked. When selecting AUTO
mode, local operations are invalid, and vice versa.
2) 刮板捞渣机、碎渣机之间闭锁，当碎渣机停运，则捞渣机停运，故障排除后，
重新启动时，必须先启碎渣机，后启捞渣机，按顺序启动。
2) The scraper slag conveyor and slag crusher are interlocked. When the slag
crusher is shutdown, the slag conveyor will be shutdown. After eliminating the
fault and restarting, first restart the crusher then the conveyor.
20.3 除渣系统报警装置
20.3 Alarm Device of Alag Handling System
The alarm is activated when
1) 刮板捞渣机溢流水温高（60℃）报警。
1) Conveyor overflow water temperature is high (60℃);
2) 刮板捞渣机过载报警。
2) Conveyor is overloaded;
3) 渣仓高料位报警。
3) Silo level is too high.
除渣系统运行前需作联锁及报警实验，将试验结果做好记录。
Perform the interlock and alarm tests before starting up the system. Make an
accurate record of the test results.
20.4 液压关断门的操作
364
20.4 Operation of Hydraulic Shutoff Gate
20.4.1 操作前的检查
20.4.1 Inspections before Operation
20.4.1.1 检修工作结束，工作票终结，照明良好。
20.4.1.1 Check maintenance work is finished, work permits are returned and lighting is
sufficient.
20.4.1.2 渣井、捞渣机内无杂物，无人工作。
20.4.1.2 Check there is no foreign matter and no personnel working in slag well or slag
conveyor
20.4.1.3 液压系统各连接件牢固可靠。
20.4.1.3 Check all connecting parts of hydraulic system are tight and secure.
20.4.1.4 液压关断门各片门完整，无变形，无卡涩，动作灵活，关闭严密。
20.4.1.4 Check all sections of the hydraulic shutoff valve are in good condition, are not stiff,
and are tightly sealed.
20.4.1.5 液压关断门油泵、油缸、管路、法兰连接处无渗漏油现象，油缸动作灵活。
20.4.1.5 Check no leakage in oil pump, oil cylinder, pipeline and flange of hydraulic shutoff
gate; check oil cylinder for flexible activation.
20.4.1.6 压力表指示正确可靠。
20.4.1.6 Check the pressure indication is accurate and reliable.
20.4.1.7 油泵电动机绝缘合格，接地线完整。
20.4.1.7 Check motor insulation meets the requirements and grounding is good.
20.4.2 液压关断门的开启
20.4.2 Procedures for Opening Hydraulic Shutoff Gate
20.4.2.1 请示值长，并征得值长同意，通知集控主值注意监视炉膛负压。
20.4.2.1 After receiving permission from the shift leader, inform the operator to closely
monitor the furnace negative pressure.
20.4.2.2 合上电源开关，“电源”指示灯亮。
20.4.2.2 Close the power switch and the POWER indicator will turn on.
20.4.2.3 按下油泵“启动”按钮，油泵启动，“油管路通” 指示灯亮，空转 5min。
20.4.2.3 Press the STARTUP button to start up the oil pump and the PIPE CLEAR indicator
will turn on. Rotate for 5 minutes with no load.
20.4.2.4 调节溢流阀，使泵站油压表指示在 10Mpa 且稳定。
20.4.2.4 Adjust the overflow valve to make the oil pressure in pump unit at 10Mpa and
stable.
20.4.2.5 按住液压关断门 A（或 B）的外侧门“开启”按钮，将液压关断门 A（或 B）外侧门开
启。油压先下降然后上升至 10 Mpa 且电磁阀动作。
20.4.2.5 Press the STARTUP button on the outer gate of hydraulic shutoff gate A (or B) to
open the outer gate. First decrease the oil pressure, then increase it to 10 Mpa.
365
The solenoid valve should activate.
20.4.2.6 按住液压关断门 A（或 B）的内侧门“开启”按钮，将液压关断门 A（或 B）内侧门开
启。油压先下降然后上升至 10 Mpa 且电磁阀动作。
20.4.2.6 Press the STARTUP button on the inner gate of hydraulic shutoff gate A (or B) to
open the inside gate. First decrease the oil pressure, then increase it to 10 Mpa.
20.4.2.7 按住液压关断门 A（或 B）端的门“关闭”按钮，将液压关断门 A（或 B）端门关闭。
油压先下降然后上升至 10 Mpa 且电磁阀动作。
20.4.2.7 Press the CLOSE button on hydraulic shutoff valve end valve A (or B) to close the
end valve to close it. First decrease the oil pressure, then increase it to 10 Mpa.
20.4.2.8 完成操作后，按“油泵停止”按钮，停止油泵，断开电源开关，“电源指示”灯灭。
20.4.2.8 After the above operation, press the PUMP SHUTDOWN button to shut down the
oil pump. Cut off the power supply and the POWER indicator will turn off.
20.4.3 液压关断门的关闭
20.4.3 Procedures for Closing Hydraulic Shutoff Gate
20.4.3.1 请示值长，并征得值长同意，通知集控主值注意监视炉膛负压。
20.4.3.1 After receiving permission from the shift leader, inform the operator to closely
monitor the furnace negative pressure.
20.4.3.2 合上电源开关，“电源指示”灯亮。
20.4.3.2 Close the power switch and the POWER indicator will turn on.
20.4.3.3 按下“油泵启动”按钮，油泵启动，“油管路通”指示灯亮，空转 5min。
20.4.3.3 Press the STARTUP button to start up the oil pump and the PIPE CLEAR indicator
will turn on. Rotate the oil pump for 5 minutes with no load.
20.4.3.4 调节溢流阀，使泵站油压表指示在 10Mpa 且稳定。
20.4.3.4 Adjust the overflow valve to make the pump unit oil pressure at 10Mpa and stable.
20.4.3.5 按住液压关断门 A（或 B）的端门 “开启”按钮，将液压关断门 A（或 B）端门开启。
油压先下降然后上升至 10 Mpa 且电磁阀动作。
20.4.3.5 Press the STARTUP button on hydraulic shutoff gate A (or B) end gate to open it.
Firstly decrease the oil pressure, then increase it to 10 Mpa. The solenoid valve
should activate.
20.4.3.6 按住液压关断门 A（或 B）的内侧门“关闭”按钮，将液压关断门 A（或 B）内侧门关
闭。油压先下降然后上升至 10 Mpa 且电磁阀动作。
20.4.3.6 Press the SHUTDOWN button on the inner gate of hydraulic shutoff gate A (or B)
to shut it down. First decrease the oil pressure, then increase it to 10 Mpa. The
solenoid valve should activate.
20.4.3.7 按住液压关断门 A（或 B）的外侧门“关闭”按钮，将液压关断门 A（或 B）外侧门关
闭。油压先下降然后上升至 10 Mpa 且电磁阀动作。
20.4.3.7 Press the SHUTDOWN button on the outer gate of hydraulic shutoff gate A (or B)
to shut it down. First decrease the oil pressure, then increase it to 10 Mpa. The
366
solenoid valve should activate.
20.4.3.8 操作完毕后，按“油泵停止”按钮，停止油泵，断开电源开关，“电源指示”灯灭。
20.4.3.8 After the above operation, press the PUMP SHUTDOWN button to shut down the
oil pump. Cut off the power supply and the POWER indicator will turn off.
20.4.4 液压关断门运行的安全注意事项
20.4.4 Precautions for Safe Operation of Hydraulic Shutoff Gate
20.4.4.1 捞渣机检修时间超过 6 小时，开启液压关断门排放存渣时，操作人员必须戴防护用
具。
20.4.4.1 If the maintenance time exceeds 6 hours, the operator should wear protective
clothing when starting up hydraulic shutoff gate and carrying out slag handling.
20.4.4.2 液压系统操作台应设在里刮板捞渣机有一定距离的地方，并设置防护板，以防炉膛
冒正压喷火烧伤。
20.4.4.2 The hydraulic system operation console should be fairly far away from the scraper
slag conveyor. A protective plate should be installed to prevent the furnace
negative pressure emissions from injuring personnel.
20.4.4.3 排放存渣，液压关断门应缓慢间断开启，不能迅速全开或关闭以防炉膛喷火或锅炉
灭火。
20.4.4.3 The hydraulic shutoff gate should be opened intermittently and slowly when
discharging the deposited slag. Do not rapidly and fully open or close the gate to
prevent flame egress or extinguishing.
20.4.4.4 排放存渣，液压关断门下及刮板捞渣机周围 5m 内禁止人员停留。
20.4.4.4 Personnel are not allowed under the bottom ash hopper and within 5m of it when
discharging slag.
20.4.4.5 排渣完毕，关闭液压关断门，应立即用冷水冷却高温红渣，此时捞渣机及关断门四
周 5m 内严禁人员停留。
20.4.4.5 After discharge is finished, close the hydraulic shutoff gate. Immediately use
cooling water to cool the high temperature slag. Personnel are not allowed under
the bottom ash hopper and within 5m of it when discharging slag.
20.4.5 液压关断门的维护
20.4.5 Maintenance of Hydraulic Shutoff Gate
20.4.5.1 在刮板捞渣机正常工作情况下，每半年或停炉后应开启、关闭液压关断门一次，操
作不能过快，以确保关断门的完好程度，并随时可用。
20.4.5.1 Under the normal operation of scraper slag conveyor, open and close the
hydraulic shutoff gate every 6 months or after every boiler outage. Do not operate
the gate too fast to ensure it remains in good condition and is available at any
time.
20.4.5.2 液压控制系统的操作台、油压站、管路法兰要保持清洁，各联接处无渗漏油现象，
发现有渗漏油现象应立即联系检修消除。
20.4.5.2 Keep operation console, oil pressure station and pipeline flanges of hydraulic
control system clean. There should be no oil leakage in all connection parts. If
there is, inform maintenance.
367
20.4.5.3 除渣设备正常运行时，应检查各片门之间的密封情况，发现漏火现象时，及时联系
检修消除。
20.4.5.3 Check the sealing condition between the sections of the hydraulic shutoff gate
when the slag handling equipment is in normal operation. Inform maintenance
personnel if flame leakage is present.
20.4.5.4 用溢流阀调整油压时，当油压表指示在 10Mpa 应立即锁紧，严禁在油缸工作时，
调整油系统油压。
20.4.5.4 When adjusting the oil pressure via overflow valve, lock it when the oil pressure
gauge shows 10MPa. Do not adjust the oil pressure when oil cylinder in
operation.
20.5 除渣设备检修后的运行前检查
20.5 Inspections for Maintained Slag Handling Equipment before Operation
确证液压关断门已开启。
Ensure the hydraulic shutoff gate is open.
20.5.1 刮板捞渣机的检查
20.5.1 Inspections of Craper Slag Conveyor
20.5.1.1 Check maintenance work is finished, work permits are returned and lighting is
sufficient.
20.5.1.2 捞渣机周围无杂物，无人员工作，现场清洁，楼梯齐全，牢固。
20.5.1.2 Check there is no foreign matter and personnel around slag conveyor. Check site
is clean and steps are firm.
20.5.1.3 捞渣机内无杂物，链条刮板完好，连接件牢固无脱落。
20.5.1.3 Check for foreign matter in slag conveyor; check the scraper chain is in good
condition and all connecting parts in place and tight.
20.5.1.4 供水系统已投运，且正常。
20.5.1.4 Check the water supply system is in operation normally.
20.5.1.5 供水管路法兰、阀门无漏水现象，各阀门均已开启。
20.5.1.5 Check for water leakage in flanges and valves of water supply pipeline; check all
valves have been opened.
20.5.1.6 炉底水封补水和捞渣机轴封补水适当，溢流正常。
20.5.1.6 Check for sufficient makeup water in boiler bottom water seal and slag conveyor
gland seal; check the overflow is normal.
20.5.1.7 捞渣机导向轮密封水、链条刮板冲洗水畅通，捞渣机内水位保持正常。
20.5.1.7 Check the sealing water supply for slag conveyor guide wheel and flushing water
supply for scraper chain unobstructed; ensure the water level in slag conveyor is
normal.
20.5.1.8 捞渣机电动机、减速机油位正常，油质良好，无渗漏油现象。
368
20.5.1.8 Check for normal oil level in slag conveyor motor and gearbox; check the oil
quality; check for no oil leakage.
20.5.1.9 捞渣机各转动部件无卡涩，靠背轮螺钉齐全，转动良好，防护罩完整，牢固，各部
地脚螺丝齐全，无松动。
20.5.1.9 Check all rotating parts of slag conveyor move properly; check for complete
coupling bolts and good rotation, complete cover and secure anchor bolts.
20.5.1.10 捞渣机电动机绝缘合格，接地线良好，电源已送上。
20.5.1.10 Check slag conveyor motor insulation meets the requirements, has good wiring
and is energized.
20.5.1.11 热工仪表、报警保护、程控均已投入，且正确可靠。
20.5.1.11 Check I&C instruments, alarming protection and program control system are
normal and operating reliably.
20.5.1.12 就地控制柜开关切向“自动”位置。
20.5.1.12 Check the local control cabinet switches are in AUTO mode.
20.5.2 渣仓检查
20.5.2 Inspections for Slag Silo
20.5.2.1 Check the maintenance work is finished, work permits have been returned and
lighting is sufficient.
20.5.2.2 楼梯、栏杆、方格板牢固完好。
20.5.2.2 Check the steps, handrails and walkway grids are secure.
20.5.2.3 渣仓内及顶部无积渣及杂物。
20.5.2.3 Check for deposited slag and foreign matter inside and on top of the silo.
20.5.2.4 渣仓底部放渣门关闭。
20.5.2.4 Check the bottom slag discharge gate is closed.
除渣设备正常运行中启动前的检查根据 24.6 中有关条款执行。
Inspect the slag handling equipment in normal operation based on the clause
24.6.
20.6 除渣系统的投运、运行维护、停运
20.6 Startup, Operation, Maintenance and Shutdown for Slag Handling System
检查就绪，低压水系统已投运正常，汇报值长，除渣系统准备投运。
After the LP water system is confirmed to be in normal operation, report to shift
leader to prepare to put the slag handling system into operation.
除渣系统启动完毕投入正常运行后应全面检查一次。
Thoroughly check the slag handling system after it is put into normal operation.
20.6.1 除渣系统的程控启动
369
20.6.1 Program Control Startup of Slag Handling System
20.6.1.1 将主控盘“手动/自动”开关切至“自动”位置。
20.6.1.1 Put the main control panel switch into AUTO.
20.6.1.2 按“启动”按钮：碎渣机启动→刮板捞渣机启动→渣仓即刻投入运行。
20.6.1.2 Press the STARTUP buttons in the following order:First the slag crusher, then the
scraper slag conveyor, then the silo immediately next.
20.6.2 除渣系统的软操启动
20.6.2 Soft Operation Startup of Slag Handling System
20.6.2.1 将主控盘“手动/自动”开关切至“手动”位置。
20.6.2.1 Put the main control panel switch into AUTO position.
20.6.2.2 启动碎渣机。
20.6.2.2 Start up the crusher.
20.6.2.3 启动刮板捞渣机。
20.6.2.3 Start up the conveyor.
20.6.3 除渣系统的就地手动启动
20.6.3 Local Manual Startup of Slag Handling System
20.6.3.1 将各就地盘切换开关切至“手动”位置。
20.6.3.1 Put all local panel switches into MANUAL position.
20.6.3.2 按软操顺序就地逐个启动各设备。
20.6.3.2 Start up all equipment in soft operation order.
20.6.4 除渣系统运行注意事项
20.6.4 Precautions for Slag Handling System Operation
20.6.4.1 软操、就地启动时必须按程控顺序启动。
20.6.4.1 Soft operation and local startup must be based on the program control sequence.
20.6.4.2 软操时必须将主控盘切换开关切至“手动”位置。
20.6.4.2 Put the main control panel switches into MANUAL for soft operation.
20.6.4.3 锅炉启动后，投粉燃烧前半小时除渣系统必须投入运行。
20.6.4.3 After starting up the boiler, put the slag handling system into operation three hours
before starting pulverized coal combustion.
20.6.4.4 捞渣机附近为危险区，严禁站人，检查时严禁长时间停留。
20.6.4.4 Personnel are not allowed around the slag conveyor and inspectors should
inspect swiftly.
20.6.4.5 液压关断门的开启或关闭应缓慢，操作时应待所操作门片动作完成后，再按顺序进
行下一步操作。
20.6.4.5 Slowly open or close the hydraulic shutoff valve. After each valve section activates,
do the next operation in order.
370
20.6.4.6 液压关断门油缸活塞推杆回缩为开启，外伸为关闭。
20.6.4.6 When the hydraulic shutoff gate oil cylinder piston is retracted, it means the doors
are open, and vice versa.
20.6.4.7 关闭液压关断门，油缸活塞推杆达到指示位置油压应保持到规定值，以保证油缸推
杆关闭时的油压。
20.6.4.7 After closing hydraulic shutoff gate, when oil cylinder piston reaches the indicated
position, keep the oil pressure at required value to guarantee the required oil
pressure when closing the oil cylinder piston.
20.6.4.8 锅炉运行中捞渣机故障，应立即关闭液压关断门，关闭时间不大于 6 小时。
20.6.4.8 If the slag conveyor experiences a fault in operation, close hydraulic shutoff valve
at once. It should not be left closed for more than 6 hours.
20.6.4.9 锅炉运行中捞渣机故障，应立即汇报值长，联系检修抢修，抢修时间不超过 6 小时。
20.6.4.9 If the slag conveyor experiences a fault in operation, report it to the shift leader
and inform maintenance personnel. The emergency repair time should be less
than 6 hours.
20.6.4.10 捞渣机故障，短时间抢修时，应做好安全措施。
20.6.4.10 Take appropriate safety measures when doing emergency repairs.
20.6.4.11 捞渣机故障排除后，开启液压关断门应缓慢，专人排渣，周围 5m 内严禁站人。
20.6.4.11 After eliminating the fault, slowly open the hydraulic shutoff gate. Only assigned
personnel can discharge the slag. Personnel are not allowed under the bottom
ash hopper and within 5m.
20.6.5 除渣系统的运行维护与调整
20.6.5 Operation, Maintenance and Adjustment of Slag Handling System
20.6.5.1 锅炉运行中，应根据出渣量及时调整刮板捞渣机链条速度。
20.6.5.1 When the boiler is in operation, timely adjust the chain speed of the conveyor
based on the slag quantity.
20.6.5.2 捞渣机水位，溢流水量应保持正常，水封良好，溢流水温度低于 80℃。
20.6.5.2 Maintain the water level and overflow water flow of slag conveyor normal.
Maintain good water sealing. The overflow water temperature should be less than
80℃.
20.6.5.3 转机润滑油位正常，油质良好，无渗漏油现象，油脂润滑转机油杯油量充足，油质
良好。
20.6.5.3 Check the following: normal lube oil level of rotating machines, good oil quality, no
oil leakage; enough oil in oil cup of rotating machines and good oil quality.
20.6.5.4 各转机无异音，地脚螺钉无松动，防护罩完好，牢固，胶带机各滚筒、托辊转动灵
活，无卡涩现象。
20.6.5.4 Check for the following: no abnormal sound in all rotating machines; solid anchor
bolts; cover in good condition; each roller and drum turns smoothly.
20.6.5.5 各转动机械振动、串轴、温度符合《厂用电动机规程》之规定。
20.6.5.5 The vibration, alignment and temperature meets the regulations in the Auxiliary
371
Motor Regulations.
20.6.5.6 系统所有接地良好、无异味。
20.6.5.6 Check all grounding is good with no peculiar odors.
20.6.5.7 加强对各运行参数的监视并及时调整。
20.6.5.7 Closely monitor all operating parameters and adjust them timely.
20.6.5.8 加强对实行液位控制的各排污水池及溢流水池液位的检查，使其指示正确，控制可
靠，发现问题及时联系检修消除。
20.6.5.8 Closely inspect the water level of each sewage pool and overflow pool to ensure
the correct indication and reliable control. Inform maintenance personnel when
finding a fault.
20.6.5.9 按时做好定期工作，并做好记录。
20.6.5.9 Do periodical work on time and make a record.
20.6.6 除渣系统的程控停运
20.6.6 Program Control Shutdown of Slag Handling System
20.6.6.1 将主控盘“手动/自动”开关切至“自动”位置。
20.6.6.2 按“停运”按钮
20.6.6.2 Press SHUTDOWN button
20.6.6.3 刮板捞渣机停运，延时 15S，碎渣机停运。
20.6.6.3 Firstly shutdown the conveyor, delay for 15s, then shutdown the slag crusher.
20.6.7 除渣系统的软操停运
20.6.7 Soft Operation Shutdown of Slag Handling System
20.6.7.1 将主控盘“手动/自动”开关切至“手动”位置。
20.6.7.2 停止刮板捞渣机。
20.6.7.2 Shutdown conveyor.
20.6.7.3 延时 15S，停止碎渣机。
20.6.7.3 Delay 15s, then shutdown crusher
20.6.8 除渣系统的就地盘停运
20.6.8 Local Panel Shutdown of Slag Handling System
20.6.8.1 将各就地盘切换开关切至“就地”位置。
20.6.8.2 按软操停运顺序依次就地停运各设备。
20.6.8.2 Locally shutdown all equipment in soft operation order.
20.6.9 除渣系统停运注意事项
372
20.6.9 Precautions for Shutdown of Slag Handling System
20.6.9.1 停运后捞渣机内不应有积渣。
20.6.9.1 Check no slag deposits in slag conveyor after shutdown.
20.6.9.2 除特殊情况外，故障停运时间不应大于 6 小时。
20.6.9.2 The failure-induced shutdown time should be less than 6 hours except in
extraneous circumstances.
20.6.9.3 机组大、小修前停运除渣系统时应将渣井内的积渣排放输送完。
20.6.9.3 Before the unit minor and major overhaul, completely discharge the slag deposits
in the bottom ash hoppers when shutting down the slag handling system.
20.6.9.4 冬季机组停运备用时应做好防冻措施，每班定期试转一次。
20.6.9.4 Take anti-freeze measures when the unit is shutdown for standby in winter. Test
run it every shift.
20.6.9.5 捞渣机运行时，应根据锅炉负荷情况及时调整转速。
20.6.9.5 When the slag conveyor is in operation, timely adjust the rotating speed based on
the load.
20.7 除渣系统故障及处理
20.7 Fault and trouble Shooting of Slag Handling System
20.7.1 系统设备紧急停运的一般原则
20.7.1 Carry out Emergency Shutdown in the Following Conditions
20.7.1.1 捞渣机、胶带机、螺旋输送机、刮板输送机或泵发生严重故障或危及人身安全不停
运无法消除时。
20.7.1.1 The scraper slag conveyor, belt conveyor, screw conveyor, scraper conveyor or
pump have serious fault; or the above machines threaten personnel safety.
20.7.1.2 电动机或机械部分发生强烈振动、撞击、或摩擦时。
20.7.1.2 Strong vibrations, collisions or friction in motor or mechanical parts.
20.7.1.3 电动机或轴承温度急剧升高超过限定值或着火、冒烟时。
20.7.1.3 Motor or bearing temperature rises rapidly and exceeds the limit value, or fire or
smoke are identified.
20.7.1.4 渣仓严重故障无法进料时。
20.7.1.4 Serious fault in slag silo meaning slag cannot enter.
20.7.2 捞渣机跳闸
20.7.2 Tripped Slag Conveyor
20.7.2.1 现象
20.7.2.1 Problems
1) “捞渣机断链保护”报警灯亮。
1) Slag conveyor CHAIN BREAK PROTECTION alarming indicator on.
373
2) 捞渣机“过载保护”报警灯亮。
2) Slag conveyor OVERLOAD PROTECTION alarming indicator on.
3) 捞渣机“超温报警”灯亮。
3) Slag conveyor OVERTEMPERATURE PROTECTION alarming indicator on.
4) 就地检查捞渣机链条不转，不出渣。
4) Slag conveyor chain does not work.
20.7.2.2 原因
20.7.2.2 Causes
1) 捞渣机或刮板卡；
1) Stuck scraper slag conveyor or scraper plate;
2) 捞渣机内衬片脱落使链条或刮板卡；
2) The lining of slag conveyor has fallen away causing the stiff chain or scraper;
3) 捞渣机内有大焦块或异物；
3) Large pieces of slag or foreign matter in slag conveyor;
4) 锅炉负荷突变或煤种突变使出渣量太大，捞渣机转速过低使机内严重堆渣；
4) Sudden load or coal change causes too much slag output; too low rotating
speed of slag conveyor causes serious slag deposits;
5) 捞渣机上槽体溢流水中断或减小；
5) Interrupted or decreased overflow water in upper trough of slag conveyor;
6) 其它电气故障；
6) Other electrical fault.
20.7.2.3 处理
20.7.2.3 Solutions
1) 复位已跳闸捞渣机。
1) Reset the tripped slag conveyor.
2) 检查供水系统运行正常。
2) Check the water supply system is in normal operation.
3) 经电气、机械部分检查确认捞渣机无明显故障，允许重新启动一次。
3) Restart up the slag conveyor after confirming no obvious fault in electrical
and mechanical parts.
4) 检查捞渣机机械部分有无故障，若有故障尽快设法排除；若熔断器断或热继电
器跳，应测定电动机绝缘，合格时更换熔断器或复位热继电器，试转正常后投
入运行；若为大焦块及杂物卡造成，切电后消除大焦块及杂物，送电试转正常
后投入运行；若为负荷或煤种变化引起堆渣，应切电清除堆渣，再送电试转正
常后调整好链条速度恢复捞渣机运行。
4) Check the mechanism of slag conveyor. Eliminate any faults swiftly. Measure
the motor insulation if fuse is blown or relay trips. Replace the fuse and relay
374
after the insulation meets the requirements. Put slag conveyor into operation
after the normal trial running. If large pieces of slag and foreign matter
caused the fault, clear them after cutting off the power. Put the slag conveyor
into operation after supplying the power and normal trial running. If the
variable load or coal causes the slag deposits, clear the deposited slag after
cutting off the power. Put the slag conveyor into operation after supplying the
power, normal trial running and normal chain speed.
5) 若电气或机械部分有故障应联系检修，立即抢修。
5) Inform maintenance personnel to repair the faulty electrical or mechanical
parts immediately.
20.7.3 液压关断门油系统外漏
20.7.3 Hydraulic Shutoff Gate Oil System Leakage
20.7.3.1 现象
20.7.3.1 Problems
1) 油压表指示偏低；
1) Low oil pressure indication
2) 就地发现油系统漏油。
2) Oil leakage at local.
20.7.3.2 原因
20.7.3.2 Causes
1) 油管路或元件破裂；
1) Damaged oil pipeline or components;
2) 接头密封元件老化或损坏。
2) Old or damaged contactor sealing elements
20.7.3.3 处理
20.7.3.3 Solutions
1) 立即停止油泵，并切电；
1) Immediately stop oil pump and cut off the power;
2) 立即联系检修处理，并作好防火措施。
2) Immediately inform maintenance and take the fire accident prevention.
20.7.4 油泵站不出油
20.7.4 No oil in oil station
20.7.4.1 现象
20.7.4.1 Problems
1) 油压表指示为零或偏小；
1) Oil pressure indication is zero or too low;
2) 操作时门片不动；
375
2) Unmovable valve sections;
3) 检查油泵站油泵有异音，油泵打空泵。
3) Abnormal sound in oil pump; oil pump running without oil.
20.7.4.2 原因
20.7.4.2 Causes
1) 油泵反转；
1) Oil pump rotates reversely;
2) 油系统过滤器堵塞；
2) Blocked filter;
3) 油泵内进入空气；
3) Air in oil pump;
20.7.4.3 处理
20.7.4.3 Solutions
1) 改变电机转向；
1) Change the motor rotating direction;
2) 放掉油泵内空气重新启动；
2) Restart up the oil pump after discharging the air;
3) 联系检修清除过滤器堵塞。
3) Repair the blocked filter.
20.7.5 油压表无指示
20.7.5 No Indication on Oil Pressure Gauge
20.7.5.1 现象
20.7.5.1 Problems
1) 油压表无指示或在零；
1) No indication or zero indication on oil pressure gauge;
2) 操作按钮门片不动。
2) Unmovable gate sections.
20.7.5.2 原因
20.7.5.2 Causes
1) 溢流阀油压调得过低；
1) Too low oil pressure in overflow valve;
2) 油压表管路堵塞；
2) Blocked oil pressure gauge pipeline;
3) 压力表损坏；
3) Damaged pressure gauge;
376
4) 油泵轴封漏油严重。
4) Serious oil leakage in oil pump gland seal.
20.7.5.3 处理
20.7.5.3 Solutions
1) 重新调整溢流阀使油压指示在10Mpa；
1) Readjust the overflow valve to make the oil pressure 10Mpa;
2) 原因不清，联系检修尽快处理。
2) Inform maintenance personnel to fix the problems.
20.7.6 液压关断门端门打不开
20.7.6 End gate of hydraulic pressure shutoff gate does not open
20.7.6.1 现象
20.7.6.1 Problems
1) 油压表指示正常；
1) Normal oil pressure indication;
2) 操作端门时端门拒开，但可以关闭。
2) The end gate refuses to open but can be closed.
20.7.6.2 原因
20.7.6.2 Causes
1) 操作顺序错误；
1) Wrong operation order;
2) 刮板捞渣机不到位或侧门片干扰；
2) Scraper slag conveyor is not in the proper position or the side gate section
interferes with its operation;
3) 侧门片变形严重。
3) Serious deformed side valve section;
4) 制台油控电磁阀坏或动作不正常。
4) Damaged oil control solenoid valve or abnormal activation.
20.7.6.3 处理
20.7.6.3 Solutions
1) 重新按正确顺序操作；
1) Re-operate in correct order;
377
21 启动锅炉
21 Startup Boiler
21.1 设备相关数据
21.1 Equipment Relevant Data
21.1.1 设备规范
21.1.1 Equipment Specification
锅炉型号 SZS10-1.3/350-Y
锅炉厂家杭州华电华源环境工程有限公司
额定蒸发量 10
额定蒸汽压力 1.3
额定蒸汽温度 350
给水温度 20
进风温度 20
排烟温度～155
锅炉设计效率 92.2
室燃
燃烧方式
Chamber Burning
耗油量 665
Boiler model SZS10-1.3/350-Y

Boiler manufacturer Enviro
Rated evaporation capacity 10
Rated steam pressure 1.3
Rated steam temperature 350

Feed water temperature 20
378
Air intake temperature 20
Fume temperature ～155
Boiler designed efficiency 92.2
Combustion method Chamber Burning
Oil consumption 665
21.1.2 设计燃料
21.1.2 Design Fuel
低位发热值 43675
Net calorific power 43675
21.1.3 安全门参数表
21.1.3 Table of safety valve parameters
名称整定压力回座压力
379
上汽包安全门1 1.59 1.47～1.53
上汽包安全门2 1.59 1.47～1.53
过热器安全门 1.35 1.25～1.27
Set Return Pressure

Name Pressure
MPa MPa
Steam-drum safety
1.59 1.47～1.53
valve 1
Steam-drum safety
1.59 1.47～1.53
valve 2
Super-heater safety
1.35 1.25～1.27
valve
21.1.4 运行整定参数表
21.1.4 Table of Operating and Setting Parameters
380
项目设定值备注
汽包压力保护值 1.5MPa MFT并报警

开启：1.35 MPa
紧急排空电动门动作压力
关闭： 1.25 Mpa
炉膛压力保护值 +2500Pa MFT并报警
过热蒸汽温度调节值 350（±20℃） PID自动调节
HH高高水位 +100mm MFT
N高水位 +50 mm 报警
上锅筒 -50mm
L 低水位报警
水位设定
LL低低水位 -100mm MFT
Item Set Value Remarks
Drum pressure MFT and

1.5MPa
protective value alarming
Operating pressure of On:1.35 MPa
emergency exhaust
electric valve Off:1.25 Mpa
Furnace chamber MFT and

+2500Pa
pressure protection alarming
Super-heated steam
PID Automatic
temperature for 350（±20℃）
Regulation
regulation
HH-high high water +100mm MFT
Water Level level
Setting of
N-Normal water level +50 mm alarming
Steam Drum
L-Low water level -50mm alarming
381
-100mm MFT
LL-Low low water
level
21.1.5 各部件热力计算总表：
21.1.5 Summary of Heat Calculations of All Parts
序号项目符号单位炉膛凝渣管过热器对流管束省煤器
Φ37×3 Φ32×3.
1 管径及壁厚 d×δ mm Φ60×4 Φ51×3 Φ45×3
.5 5
2 进口烟温 θ' ℃ 1063 1045 709 311
3 出口烟温 θ" ℃ 1063 1045 709 311 155
4 进口工温 t' ℃ 201.4 201.4 201.4 201.4 20
5 出口工温 t" ℃ 2014 2014 350 2014 67
6 烟气流速 Wy m/s 14.6 16.3 10.1 13.7
6 传热系数 k W/m2.℃ 61.3 69.6 62.5 55.1
7 燃料消耗量 B kg/h 665

锅炉设计热
9 η % ≥92.2
效率
Slag
Symbo Furnace Super Convection Econo
No. Item Unit Coagulating
l chamber heater bank mizer
Pipe
Tube dia.& wall Φ37×3 Φ32×3.

1 d×δ mm Φ60×4 Φ51×3 Φ45×3
thickness .5 5
Inlet fume
2 θ' ℃ 1063 1045 709 311
temperature
Outlet fume
3 θ" ℃ 1063 1045 709 311 155
temperature
Inlet working
4 t' ℃ 201.4 201.4 201.4 201.4 20
temperature
Outlet working
5 t" ℃ 2014 2014 350 2014 67
temperature
6 Fume velocity Wy m/s 14.6 16.3 10.1 13.7
Heat transmission
6 k W/m2. 61.3 69.6 62.5 55.1
coefficient
382
℃
7 Fuel consumption B kg/h 665

Designed thermal
9 η % ≥92.2
efficiency of boiler
21.1.6 锅炉烟风阻力参数：
21.1.6 Drag parameters of boiler’s fume & air
锅炉烟（空）气阻力（不包括燃烧器） Pa 1005
烟气量（～ 155） M3/h 16242
Air capacity (20℃) M3/h 9753
Resistance of boiler’s fume and air (excluding

Pa 1005
the burner)
Flue gas volume (about 155 ℃) M3/h 16242
Air capacity (20℃) M3/h 9753
21.2 结构概述
21.2 Fuel Process
锅炉形式为双锅筒纵置式D型结构，并采用了密封性能可靠、炉膛承压能力高的全
膜式水冷壁结构方式。炉膛前墙膜式水冷壁上布置了水平燃烧器，炉膛出口处布置
了水平式过热器（采用与烟气逆流布置），而后是对流管束，烟气为“之字型”横向冲
刷对流管束。最后经过省煤器由烟囱排出。本锅炉既可采用平衡通风方式，也可选
用微正压方式。
The boiler is laid out in two-drum D-type lengthwise structure, and adopts the
membrane water wall that had reliable airproof performance and whose furnace
chamber is excelled at pressure-bearing capacity. The front wall of the furnace
chamber is arranged with horizontal burner, and its exit is with the horizontal
super-heater (arranged to have reverse flow relative to the fume). Following the
super-heater is the convection bank. The flume flushes across the convection
bank in zigzag type, and is discharged out of the stack through the economizer.
This boiler can use either the balanced draft method or the micro-positive
pressure way.
21.2.1 锅筒及内部装置（具体尺寸与锅炉压力等参数有关）
21.2.1 Boiler Drum & Internal Devices (Its specific dimension is concerned with
parameters like boiler pressure)
锅炉上锅筒内径为Φ900，壁厚为16mm，下锅筒内径为Φ700，壁厚为14 mm，均
采用20g钢板卷制而成。上锅筒装有监控水位的平衡容器、电接点水位计、差压变
送器，以及就地显示液位的水位计，并设置有连续排污、加药、气体保护等管座。
上锅筒上还装有两只弹簧式安全阀、压力表，以及锅炉超压保护用的压力控制器等。
正常水位一般设置在上锅筒中心线处，最高及最低水位分别位于正常水位±50mm
383
处。同时在上锅筒内还设置有合理有效的汽水分离装置，在蒸发强度大的水冷壁上
升管处装设了缝隙挡板、波纹板，对流管束区域设置了水下孔板，并在主蒸汽出口
处设置了不锈钢丝网分离器。下锅筒设三个锅筒支座，两个滑动支座，一个固定支
座。锅炉膨胀中心设置在下锅筒中间的固定支座处
The internal diameter and wall thickness of the steam drum are Φ900 and 16mm,
respectively, while these two values for the water drum are Φ700 and 14mm,
respectively. Both of them are rolled up by using 20g steel plate. The steam drum
is provided with equilibrium container that monitors the water level, the
electric-point hydrological gauge, differential pressure transmitter, and the
hydrological gauge that indicates the local liquid level, as well as the tube holders
for continuous blow-down, chemical dosing, gas protection, and so on. There are
also two spring-loaded pressure relief valves, pressure gauge, and the pressure
control used for boiler overpressure protection on the steam drum. Normal water
level is usually set at the center line of the steam drum, and the HH and LL water
levels are located at places respectively 50mm over and below the normal level.
Meanwhile, the steam drum has steam-water separator, baffle plate and
corrugated plate on the riser tube of water wall where there is more evaporation,
the water hole plate in the convection bank zone, and stainless steel mesh
separator at the main steam outlet. The lower drum is provided with three boiler
supports, i.e. two sliding supports, and one fixed supports. The boiler expansion
center is just located on the fixed support in the middle of the water drum.
21.2.2 水冷系统
21.2.2 Water Cooling System
水冷系统由上下锅筒间的对流管束、前膜式水冷壁、侧膜式水冷壁、后膜式水冷壁
等组成。前、后膜式水冷壁由Φ60×4的管子组成，与上、下集箱焊接连接，集箱再
与锅筒焊接。侧膜式水冷壁、中水冷壁（炉膛与对流管束的隔墙）也由Φ60×4的管
子组成，直接与锅筒焊接连接。对流管束采用Φ45×3管材，与锅筒直接焊接连接。
管子材料为20/GB3076。
The water cooling system is composed of the convection bank between the steam
and water drums, and the front, side, and rear membrane walls. The front and rear
membrane walls are made up of Φ60X4 tubes, and welded together with the
upper and lower headers, the latter of which is then welded with the boiler drum.
The side membrane wall and the middle water screen (the partition between
furnace chamber and convection bank) are also made up of Φ60X4 tubes and
reaches to the boiler drum by welding. The convection bank uses Φ45X3 tubing
and is welded with the boiler drum directly. The code of the tube material is
20/GB3076.
21.2.3 过热器
21.2.3 Super-heater
过热器布置在炉膛出口、对流管束入口处，采用单级水平布置方式，由 Φ37×3.5的
12Gr1MoVG管子组成，蒸汽由进口集箱进入过热器蛇形管，再到出口集箱。经喷
水减温调节蒸汽温度后进入汇流集箱。
Super-heater is located at the connection of furnace chamber and convection
bank and arranged in horizontal single-stage structure. It consists of Φ37X3.5
12Gr1MoVG tubes. The steam flows into the multiloop super-heater from the inlet
header and then out into the outlet header. When the steam temperature is
decreased by the water sprinkling, the condensate flows into the collector.
384
21.2.4 省煤器
21.2.4 Economizer
省煤器设计成可分式的单独结构，采用高效传热的螺旋鳍片管，管子采用φ32×3.5
的无缝钢管。
Economizer is designed to be the sectional separate structure, and made up of
highly efficient heat-transfer spiral finned tubes which are the φ32x3.5 seamless
steel tubes
21.2.5 燃烧设备
21.2.5 Burning unit
锅炉的燃烧设备选用国外先进燃烧器，采用电子自动点火、机械高压喷射、自动风
量比例调节。其各动作的控制由程序控制器来完成，因此具有自动化程度高、出蒸
汽快、热效率高等特点。
The burning unit of the boiler is the one selected among the advanced burners
from home and abroad, which features electronic auto-ignition, mechanical
high-pressure emission, air ratio auto regulation. All actions are controlled by
respective programmable controllers. The burner unit is characterized by
high-degree automation, fast steam emission, and high thermal efficiency.
21.3 启动前的准备及检查
21.3 Check and Prepare the Following before Startup
1) 所有检修安装工作全部结束。
1) All maintenance reassembly work is completed;
2) 锅炉本体楼梯、栏杆、安全设施完整齐全，无损坏。
2) Safety measures like steps, protective rails and other measures are complete
without any damage;
3) 检查锅炉受热面及炉墙无开裂，烟风道内内无异物，和所有阀门、风门是否操
作灵活，各处人孔、门孔关闭。
3) No crack on boiler heating surface and furnace wall; no foreign matters in flue
gas ducts; all valves and air dampers can be operated easily; access doors
are closed;
4) 给水泵、启动炉送风机具备启动条件。
4) Startup conditions for feed pump and FD fan of startup boiler are met;
21.3.1 给水系统的检查
21.3.1 Feed Water System Inspection
(1) 给水系统是否有水，压力情况是否正常，供水是否正常。给水的联系电话及人
员落实情况。
(1) Check if the feed water system has water; the pressure is in normal range;
the water is properly fed; relevant contact information is updated; and the
person appointed for such post is properly fulfilling his/her obligations.
(2) 给水系统的阀门检查，进出水阀门需在开的位置；电动调节阀是否正常；再循
385
环管及水泵再循环管阀门的位置；给水压力表指示是否正常。
(2) Inspect the feed water system valves, and make sure the feed-water/drain
valves are turned on. Check if the electric control valve is normal, valves on
the re-circulating pipes and water pump re-circulating pipes are turned to
right positions, and the feed-water pressure gauge operates alright.
(3) 给水泵冷却水是否正常通畅，阀门是否在开的位置。
(3) Check if the feed-water pump provides cooling water smoothly and the valve
is turned on.
(4) 给水泵点动试转，检查转动方向是否正确、有无异常现象。
(4) During the crawl test of feed-water pump, check if the turning direction is right
and there’s any abnormality.
21.3.2 燃烧系统检查
21.3.2 Combustion System Inspection
(1) 给油系统是否有油，压力情况是否正常，供油是否正常。给油的联系电话及人
员落实情况
(1) Check if oil-feeding system has any oil; the pressure is in normal range; the
fuel is properly fed; relevant contact information is updated; and the person
appointed for such post is properly fulfilling his/her obligations.
(2) 给油系统阀门须在开的位置。
(2) Make sure that valves of oil-feeding system are turned on.
(3) 燃烧器送风机点动试转，检查转动方向是否正确、有无异常现象。
(3) During the crawl test of draught blower of the burner, check if the turning
direction is right and if there’s any abnormality.
(4) 火焰检测装置是否干净、正常。
(4) Check if the flame detector is kept clean and normal.
(5) 锅炉运行点火油源是否连接可靠，供油压力是否符合要求。油管路连接手动阀
门应处于开的位置。
(5) Check if boiler operation ignition oil source is connected reliably and oil
supply pressure is as per requirement. The oil tube route connection manual
valve shall be at open position.
21.3.3 锅炉安全附件的检查
21.3.3 Inspection of Boiler’s Safety Accessories
(1) 各位置压力表指示是否符合要求，阀门需在开的位置。
(1) Check if the indications of all pressure gauges conform to relevant
requirements. Valve should be turned on.
(2) 水位计显示面是否清洁，阀门应通畅灵活。汽水连通管路阀门应处于全开位置，
疏水阀门应处于全关位置。
(2) Check if the display screen of the hydraulic gauge is kept clean and the
valves can be turned freely, without any blockage. The valve mounted on the
steam-water connecting pipeline should be turned on to full extent; so should
386
be the steam trap.
(3) 安全阀、泄放阀有无异常，疏水管是否通畅。
(3) Check if the relief valve and drain valve are normal, and the drain pipe is free
of blockages.
(4) 水位计、差压变送器显示是否正常。
(4) Check if the hydraulic gauge and differential pressure transmitter are alright.
(5) 压力传感器、压力控制器接线是否正常。
(5) Check if the pressure sensor and pressure control are correctly connected.
(6) 各温度点的温度计接线是否正常。
(6) Check if the temperature gauge wiring on each temperature measuring point
is normal.
(6) 烟气通道压力表是否正常，炉膛风压开关接线是否正常。
(6) Check if the pressure gauge inside the fume duct and the chamber Pressure
switch is wired are alright.
21.3.4 汽水管道检查
21.3.4 Inspection of Steam-water Pipes
(1) 各排污、疏水、紧急放水、加药管道阀门是否正常且在关的位置，管道是否通
畅。
(1) Check if all the valves mounted on pipelines for blow-down, drain, emergency
drain, and chemical solution addition are turned on and the pipelines are free
of blockages.
(2) 放空管道是否通畅，阀门且在开的位置。
(2) Check if purge pipeline are free of blockages and relevant valves are turned
on.
(3) 主蒸汽阀门、蒸汽流量计是否正常。
(3) Check if the main steam valve and steam flow meter are in normal state.
(4) 并汽网络系统是否正常、并汽的联系电话，人员的落实。
(4) Check if the network that brings the boiler onto a line is in normal state,
relevant contact information is updated; and the person appointed for such
post is properly fulfilling his/her obligations.
21.3.5 受热面的检查：
21.3.5 Inspection of Heating Surface:
(1) 炉膛、过热器、省煤器、对流管束内是否有异物。
(1) Check if there is any alien inside the furnace chamber, super-heater,
economizer, and convection bank.
(2) 各检查门防爆门是否关闭密封。
(2) Check if the access door and explosion door are closely sealed.
387
21.4 启动锅炉的启动、运行维护、停止
21.4 Startup, Operation, Maintenance and Shutdown for Startup Boiler
21.4.1 启动锅炉的启动
21.4.1 Activation of Startup Boiler
21.4.1.1 启动给水泵，给水泵电流返回后，开启给水泵出口门，用给水泵再循环门和给水调
节门控制进水速度对启动锅炉进行上水。
21.4.1.1 Startup the feed pump. After current returns from feed pump, open the outlet valve
of feed pump. Recirculation valve of feed pump and feedwater governing valve
are used to control water feeding speed to startup boiler.
21.4.1.2 当上锅筒水位达到 0，停止启动锅炉上水。
21.4.1.2 Stop feeding when water level of the boiler reaches 0.
21.4.1.3 关闭启动锅炉所有放空气门。
21.4.1.3 Close all air vent valves of the startup boiler.
21.4.1.4 将燃烧器风门调节挡板全开，启动送风机。
21.4.1.4 Open the air nozzle adjusting dampers of burner completely and start up the FD
fan.
21.4.1.5 监视送风机电流，逐渐将送风机入口挡板开启 60%后通风 10 分钟。
21.4.1.5 Monitor the current of FD fan. Gradually open the inlet damper of FD fan to 60%
openness and ventilate for 10min.
21.4.1.6 将送风机入口挡板关至 30%左右，将燃烧器风门调节挡板关至 15%。
21.4.1.6 Close the inlet damper of FD fan to 30% open, and close the adjusting damper of
burner air damper to 15% open.
21.4.1.6 通过关小炉前油循环门和回油电动门调整炉前供油压力在 4.6Mpa
开启油枪供油门，
左右。注意：为防止供油泵无流量运行，在没有油枪运行的情况下，启动炉要保持
一定的炉前循环流量。
21.4.1.6 Open the oil supply valve of oil gun. Adjust the oil supply pressure to 4.6MPa by
closing slightly the oil circulation valve and oil return motor-driven valve that are
located in front of furnace. Note: certain amount of oil circulation flow should be
maintained for the startup boiler when oil guns are not operating in order to
prevent lack of flow from the oil supply pump.
21.4.1.7 启动要投入的油枪高能点火器到位后，点火器打火并启动油枪供油电动阀。
21.4.1.7 Activate the oil gun high-energy igniter that is to be put into service, then start up
the igniter and oil supply motor-driven valve.
21.4.1.9 通过火检探头检测到着火信号后退回高能点火器。
21.4.1.9 Detect the fire signal via flame detector, then withdraw the high-energy igniter.
21.4.1.10 将运行油枪的风门调节挡板开启至 60%。根据燃油压力、油枪出力大小，通过炉膛
看火孔和烟囱观察燃烧情况对送风机入口挡板进行微调，直到油枪火焰明亮，烟囱
排烟透明无黑烟为止。
21.4.1.10 Open the air adjusting damper of running oil gun to 60% open. Slightly adjust the
inlet damper of FD fan based on the fuel oil pressure, oil gun capacity, and the
388
combustion condition in the furnace seen by observing from observation port.
Keep adjusting until bright flame can be seen in oil gun and emissions from stack
become clean and clear with no black smoke.
21.4.1.11 启动炉油枪的正常运行通过回油量调整启动锅炉出力。油枪出力改变后要适当调整
送风机入口挡板确保油风配比正常。
21.4.1.11 Normal operation of startup boiler oil gun and startup boiler output are adjusted by
return oil flow. Appropriately adjust inlet damper of FD fan after oil gun output is
changed to ensure normal oil ensure normal proportion of oil and air flow.
21.4.1.12 在锅筒压力升到 0.05-0.1MPa 时应进行水位表一次冲洗，在锅炉进入额定参数下进
行第二次冲洗。
21.4.1.12 Carry out flushing of water level gauge when steam drum pressure rises up to
0.05-0.1Mpa. Carry out secondary flushing when rated parameters of boiler are
reached.
1) 开启水位计放水门，用汽水冲洗。
1) Open water discharge valve of water level gauge and flush it with steam and
water;
2) 关闭水位计水侧门，用蒸汽冲洗。
2) Close waterside valve of water level gauge and flush it with steam;
3) 开启水位计水侧门，关闭汽侧门，用水冲洗。
3) Open water side valve of water level gauge and close steam side valve; use
water to flush;
4) 开启水位计汽侧门，用汽水冲洗干净后（水位清晰）
，关闭放水门，投入水位计。
4) Open steam side valve of water level gauge; close water drain valve after it is
flushed with steam and water (water level meter is made clear); put the water
level gauge into service.
21.4.1.13 在锅筒压力升到 0.25—0.35Mpa 时，关闭过热器系统疏水。
21.4.1.13 Close water drain valve of superheater system when steam drum pressure rises
up to 0.25-0.35Mpa;
21.4.1.14 上锅筒水位降至-50mm，启动给水泵对锅炉进行补水并调节给水调节门保持锅筒水
位在±50mm。
21.4.1.14 Activate the feed pump to send makeup water to the boiler when water level of
upper drum water level decreases down to -50mm. Adjust feed control valve to
keep water level of the drum around ±50mm;
21.4.1.15 当启动锅炉出口蒸汽温度达到 355℃，投入启动锅炉减温水，维持启动锅炉出口蒸
汽温度在 350℃。
21.4.1.15 When temperature of startup boiler outlet steam is 355℃, activate startup boiler
desuperheating system to maintain the temperature of outlet steam around 350
℃;
21.4.1.16 启动锅炉连续运行 24 小时进行一次排污。
21.4.1.16 Blow down should be carried out once when startup boiler has been in continuous
operation for 24 hours.
389
1) 每次排污只能开启一个回路进行排污，以免影响水循环。
1) Only one circuit can be used to blow down so as not to influence the water
circulation;
2) 全开定期排污一次门，缓慢开启定期排污二次门，每次排污进行2分钟。
2) Completely open the periodical blowdown primary valve. Slowly open
periodical blowdown secondary valve. Each round of blowdown lasts 2 mins;
3) 一个回路排污结束后，先关闭定期排污二次门，后关闭定期排污一次门，然后
进行下一个回路操作。
3) After one circuit blowdown is finished, first close the periodical secondary
valve, and then close periodical blowdown primary valve. Next circuit is
carried out afterwards.
21.4.1.17 一切检查就绪后才允许启动点火。冷态启动时应缓慢升燃烧负荷，随时关注锅炉的
膨胀状况，避免升温过快造成局部不均而产生应力，从而损坏锅炉。同时还应关
注过热器的温度，避免过热器超温损坏。冷态启动时间一般不低于90分钟。
21.4.1.17 When all inspections are finished, ignition process can then be started. During
cold start, combustion load should be increased slowly, with special attention
given to boiler’s expansion, avoiding the stress resulting from local non-uniform
heating caused by over-speeding temperature rise and finally the damages to the
boiler. Meanwhile, attention should also be given to the temperature of
super-heater, preventing damages to the super-heater by excess temperature.
The cold starting time usually lasts over 90 minutes.
21.5 启动锅炉运行中的维护及要求
21.5 Maintenance and Requirements during Operation of Startup Boiler
21.5.1 启动锅炉运行中要根据燃烧器出力调整送风量。运行中的油枪风门保持在60%开度
左右，备用的油枪风门保持在15%，当增加启动锅炉负荷提高燃油量前先适当开大
送风机入口挡板，降低启动锅炉负荷降低燃油压力或停止油枪后再适当关小送风机
入口挡板。
21.5.1 FD air is adjusted based on output of burners during operation of startup boiler.
Openness of the air damper of running oil gun should be kept around 60% while
that of standby damper is kept around 15%. Appropriately increase openness of
inlet damper of FD fan before startup boiler load and fuel consumption are
increased. After startup boiler load and fuel oil pressure are decreased or as oil
gun is put out of service, appropriately close the inlet damper of FD fan;
21.5.2 启动锅炉出力一般通过调整油枪回油量来进行调整，燃油压力控制在4.6Mpa范围
内，超过上述范围可通过投停油枪来调整。
21.5.2 Output of startup boiler is usually adjusted by controlling return oil flow of oil gun.
Fuel oil pressure is usually controlled within 4.6MPa. If the value exceeds this
range, it can be adjusted by activating oil gun;
21.5.3 油枪运行中通过炉膛看火孔观察火焰透明，烟囱排烟无黑烟，炉膛保持微正压。
21.5.3 During operation of oil gun, observe the flame through observation port of furnace;
no black gas is exhausted from stack; slight pressure should be maintained in
furnace;
390
21.5.4 启动锅炉额定蒸汽温度350℃，通过减温水进行控制。在减温水超出调节范围后可
考虑通过调风控制。在保证燃烧良好的情况下，适当增加风量会使蒸汽温度升高，
适当降低风量会使蒸汽温度降低。
21.5.4 Rated steam temperature of startup boiler is 350 ℃ and it is controlled by
desuperheating water. If the desuperheating water exceeds adjustable scope, it
can be controlled by air adjustment; On condition that good burning is ensured,
appropriate increase of air flow increases temperature of steam temperature
while appropriate decrease of air flow decreases steam temperature.
21.5.5 排污及其注意事项
21.5.5 Blowdown and Precautions
1) 连续排污是使锅水的碱度不超过一定的浓度，符合锅水碱度要求。排污量应根
据锅水化学分析的结果，调节排污阀的开度来控制。
1) The alkalinity of boiler water cannot exceed certain concentration during
continuous blowdown and should be in accordance with boiler water alkalinity
requirements. Blowdown is controlled by adjustment of blowdown valve and
blowdown quantity is based on chemical analysis results of boiler water.
2) 定期排污是为了排除锅筒和集箱内之沉淀物，并能调整锅水含盐量以达到炉水
含盐量之要求。
2) The point of periodical blowdown is to drain the water deposits in steam drum
and headers and control salt content of boiler water in order to meet the
boiler water salt content requirement.
3) 定期排污，应在低负荷时进行。每班至少对同一台锅炉上的所有的排污管轮流
各进行一次。
3) Periodical blowdown should be carried out when the unit has low load. In
each shift, periodical blowdown should be carried out in turns at least once to
all blowdown pipes of the same boiler.
4) 锅炉在进行排污时应进水到最高允许水位。在排污时应密切注意锅筒内水位的
变化。每次排污以降低锅筒内水位20-25毫米为准。
4) Water supply during boiler blowdown should reach the maximum water level.
Pay close attention to changes in drum water level. Each round of blowdown
should decrease water level of drum by 20-25 mms.
5) 排污操作程序如下：
5) Operation process of blowdown is as follows:
首先完全开启一次门；然后微开二次门以预热排污管道，再开大二次门（这时
排污管道内应无冲击声，如有冲击声应关小二次门至冲击声消失为止，然后再
缓慢开启），然后间断关，开二次门进行快速排污。关闭时之程序则与上述相反。
Fully open primary valve;Slightly open secondary valve to reheat blowdown
pipes;Open wide the secondary valve (at this point, there should be no
impulse sound inside pipeline. If there is, slightly close the secondary valve
until the abnormal sound disappears, then slowly re-open it);Close it
intermittently;Open secondary valve to carry out swift blow down;Shutdown
process is the above process in reverse.
6) 禁止二组或二组以上排污同时工作。
391
6) Simultaneous blowdown on two units or more is not permitted;
6) 禁止利用任何杠杆加延长手柄以开启排污阀。
6) Do not use a lever or crowbar to open the blowdown valve;
7) 排污前，应检查排污管是否完好及管道上是否在进行修理，以免发生不幸事故。
7) Before blowdown, inspect the blowdown pipe to see whether it needs repair
to prevent any accidents;
9) 如排污阀开得较小时，排污水不流出（排污管是否冷的）
，说明有堵塞，应将排
污阀关闭，查明及消除堵塞后，再进行排污。
9) If no water flows out when blowdown valve is slightly opened, it means there
is blockage in pipe. Close the blowdown valve, ascertain causes and remove
the blockage before blowdown is carried out.
10) 安全排污设备的地点以及通向该处的工作人员通道、排污阀处，均应有足够的
照明，否则不允许进行排污。
10) Sufficient lighting is needed in location of safety blowdown equipment,
personnel passage ways leading to this location, and around blowdown valve.
Otherwise, blowdown is not permitted;
11) 排污完毕关闭排污阀后，应检查排污阀是否有泄漏。
11) Close blowdown valve after it is finished. Check whether the blowdown valve
leaks;
12) 假如在锅炉排污时锅炉房内发生事故，应立即停止排污，只有发生满水事故时
例外，这时应立即加强排污。
12) If any accident occurs during blowdown in boiler room, stop blowdown
immediately. Blowdown should only be increased when a water full accident
occurs;
13) 绝对禁止敲击排污阀及管道的任何部分。
13) Do not knock or hit any parts of blowdown valve and pipeline.
21.5.6 过热器壁温
21.5.6 Super-heater Wall Temperature
过热器管材质采用的12GrlMoVG，其最高使用温度范围为570℃，经过炉内热负荷
过热器区域的强度情况来看：进口处烟温最高处其壁温 505 ℃，出口处烟温最高
处其壁温为 420 ℃。壁温均小于570℃，合格。
The super-heater tubing uses 12GrlMoVG, whose maximum permissible
temperature is 570℃. In the view of thermal load intensity in super-heater zone,
the highest wall temperatures for inlet fume and outlet fume are 505 ℃ and 420
℃, respectively, which are all below 570℃.
21.6 启动锅炉的停止
21.6 Shutdown of Startup Boiler
21.6.1 在机组汽源能满足自身需要的辅助蒸汽量时可将辅助蒸汽逐渐切换至其他汽源运
行。
392
21.6.1 When steam source of the unit can meet its own steam supplying needs, transfer
the auxiliary steam source over to another steam source;
21.6.2 逐步降低启动锅炉负荷，当油燃烧器出力调至最小时，逐渐开启对空排汽电动门，
汽源切换完毕关闭启动锅炉出口蒸汽电动门后停止油枪运行，关闭油枪供油门。
21.6.2 Gradually decrease the load of startup boiler. When oil burner output is adjusted
to minimum, slowly activate the steam vent motor-driven valve. Deactivate the
boiler outlet motor-driven valve of startup boiler to shut down oil guns after steam
source is transferred. Close oil supply valve of oil guns;
21.6.3 停止给水泵运行。
21.6.3 Shutdown feedwater pump;
21.6.4 炉膛通风10分钟后停止送风机运行。
21.6.4 Shutdown FD fan after ventilating furnace for 10 mins;
21.6.5 启动炉炉前燃油系统如短时间内不再点炉要进行隔断（关闭供、回油流量计前后截
止门及旁路门，关闭供、回油电动门）。注意：在切断启动炉炉前油循环前要核实
大厂燃油再循环门是否开启或有油枪运行，防止供油泵无流量运行。
21.6.5 If front boiler fuel oil system of startup boiler is not ignited in short time, isolation
has to be done. Close stop valves in front of and behind oil supply and return
meters as well as bypass valves; deactivate the oil supply and return motor-driven
valves). Note: check whether the fuel oil recirculation valve of the plant is opened,
or whether there is running oil gun before the oil recirculation of startup boiler is
cut off to prevent oil supply pump operating with no flow.
21.7 启动锅炉的防腐
21.7 Anti-corrosion Measures for Startup Boiler
本锅炉停炉保养采用干法保养或湿法保养均可。
This boiler can adopt either dry or wet preservation for furnace maintenance after
blow-out.
21.7.1 干法保养（适用于长期停用）：首先在停炉保养前，应将炉水全部排空。其次，开
启所有人孔、手孔，清除水垢和污物后，用小火来烘炉，使炉内的存水蒸发。第三、
将盛有干燥剂的无盖铁盒或其它容器四个放在上下锅筒的封头处，将所有门、孔关
闭严密，防止空气进入，一定要注意各门孔的严密性，否则，会因泄漏而影响生干
燥剂的吸潮效果，甚至达不到防腐的目的。干燥剂量一般采用无水氯化钙或生石灰，
用量按每立方米锅炉容水，加1~2Kg无水氯化钙或2~3Kg生石灰计，隔2个月应打开
检查一次，发现干燥剂吸潮失效应立即更换。
21.7.1 Dry preservation (applicable for furnace to be stopped for a long time): Prior to
furnace blow-out maintenance, the furnace should be drained empty. Then open
all the manholes and hand holes, clean away the water scale and sewage, and
dry the boiler at mild fire to evaporate all moisture inside. After that, put four lidless
iron boxes or other containers holding desiccant on the head plates of steam and
water drums, and shut down all the doors and holes tightly to prevent air coming
in. The air-tightness of each door/hole must be guaranteed; otherwise the
moisture absorption performance of the desiccant may be affected due to leakage,
and even the antiseptic objective may fail. The desiccant usually uses anhydrous
calcium chloride or calcined lime, and its dosage is 1-2kg for anhydrous calcium
393
chloride or 2-3kg for calcined lime per cubic meter. Those doors or holes should
be opened every two months for inspection and the desiccants should be
replaced with new ones when they are found losing the moisture absorption
ability.
若不用干燥剂，也可以采用充氮气保养，维持在一定的压力。
Where desiccant is not to be used, nitrogen can be injected for such maintenance
and maintained at a specific pressure.
21.7.2 湿法保养（适用于短期停用）：停炉后首先将锅炉受热面的内外污垢、烟灰清理干
净，堵截与外界相连管路。其次将锅内灌满软化水，并在每吨水中加入2kg氢氧化
钠或5kg磷酸三钠，或10kg磷酸钠，药品应溶解成溶液后灌入。当锅内灌满软水和
药液后，应加热至104℃，以排除水中的气体。然后将锅炉所有门孔关闭严密，且
不得有任何渗漏现象。保养期间，锅炉必须保持充满状态，防止空气漏入。
21.7.2 Wet maintenance (applicable for furnace to be stopped for a short time): After the
furnace blow-out, clean away the smudges and smoke ashes on the heating
surface and jam the pipeline that leads to the outside. Then fill the boiler full with
softened water, and add 2kg NaOH or 5kg Na3PO4, or 10kg Na3PO3 per ton of
water. The added chemical should be prepared into solution before poured in.
When the boiler is filled with softened water and chemical solution, it should be
heated up to 104℃ to exhaust the air contained in the water. After that, all the
doors and holes should be sealed, and nor leakage should be permitted. During
maintenance term, the boiler should be full of solution, preventing air leakage.
21.8 启动锅炉运行中的常见故障
21.8 Common Faults during Operation of Startup Boiler
21.8.1 发生下列情况紧急停炉
21.8.1 Carry out Emergency Shutdown in the Following Cases
21.8.1.1 锅炉受热面、给水管路、蒸汽管路爆破，无法维持正常水位时。
21.8.1.1 Exploded heat surfaces, feedwater pipelines and steam pipeline, making it hard to
maintain normal water level;
21.8.1.2 压力超出安全门动作压力安全门不动作，同时对空排汽无法打开时。
21.8.1.2 Safety valve fails to open when opening pressure is exceeded and the steam vent
valve fails to open;
21.8.1.3 锅炉炉膛发生爆炸、炉墙倒塌无法维持正常燃烧运行时。
21.8.1.3 Explosion in furnace or collapsed furnace wall causes abnormal combustion;
21.8.1.4 锅炉给水中断，水位急剧下降时。
21.8.1.4 Interrupted boiler feedwater supply and rapid drop in water level;
21.8.1.5 供油压力到零，燃烧恶化时。
21.8.1.5 Oil supply pressure is zero and poor combustion;
21.8.1.6 送风机跳闸。
21.8.1.6 Tripped FD fan;
394
21.8.1.7 所有水位表计失灵，水位自动不好用。
21.8.1.7 All water level meters faulty, and water level automatic device does not work
properly;
21.8.1.8 锅筒发生严重减满水时。
21.8.1.8 Severe overflow or lack of wter in the drum.
21.8.2 锅炉灭火
21.8.2 Flame Extinguished
21.8.2.1 检查灭火原因，准备重新点火。
21.8.2.1 Find out the causes for flame extinguishing and prepare to re-ignite.
21.8.2.2 若短时间不能恢复，汇报值长及时切换起源。
21.8.2.2 If the flame cannot be recovered in short time, report to the shift leader to
switchover the steam source.
21.8.2.3 加强通风，防止爆燃。
21.8.2.3 Increase ventilation to prevent explosion.
21.8.2.4 点火前必须进行通风，不具备通风条件，禁止点火。
21.8.2.4 Ventilate the boiler before ignition. It is forbidden to ignite without the ventilation
conditions being met.
21.8.3 锅炉水位事故
21.8.3 Faults due to boiler water level abnormal
使用叫水的方法进行处理，其步骤如下：
Solve the problem by water supply, the procedure is as follows:
21.8.3.1 轻微满水：缓慢开启水位计放水门，水位下降为轻微满水。
21.8.3.1 Slight water overflow: open the water discharging valve of water level meter so
the water level reduces to slightly full.
21.8.3.2 轻微断水：关闭水位计汽侧门，水位上升为轻微断水。
21.8.3.2 Slight water supply interupption: close the steam side valve of the water level
meter so the water level rises to slightly water supply interupption level.
21.8.3.3 严重断水：关闭水位计汽侧门，如不见水位，再关闭水侧门，慢开水位计放水门，
仍不见水位，即为严重断水。
21.8.3.3 Severe water supply interupption: close the steam side valve of water level meter.
If the water level cannot be seen, close the water side valve and slowly open the
water level discharge valve. If the water can still not be seen, it means there is
severe lack of water supply.
21.8.3.4 严重满水：慢开水位计放水门，如不见水位，关闭水位计汽侧门，仍不见水位，关
闭水位计水侧门，水位下降为严重满水。
21.8.3.4 Severe water overflow: open slowly the water level water discharge valve. If the
water level cannot be seen, close the steam side valve of the water level gauge. If
the water level can still not be seen, close the water side valve of the water level
gauge. If the water level drops, it means there is severe water overflow.
395
21.9 启动锅炉试验
21.9 Tests for Startup Boiler
21.9.1 水压试验
21.9.1 Hydraulic Test
水压试验分为汽水系统水压试验与燃油系统水压试验。
There are two different types of hydraulic test: steam-water system hydraulic test
and fuel oil system hydraulic test.
21.9.1.1 汽水系统水压试验
21.9.1.1 Steam-water system hydraulic test
1) 汽水系统水压试验在锅炉汽水系统安装完成，系统清洗结束后进行。
1) The test is performed after boiler steam-water system is installed and
cleaned.
2) 水压试验压力按照以下压力确定：
2) Pressure during the test is determined as follows:
汽包工作压力(P) 水压试验压力
0.8～1.6MPa p+0.4MPa
>1.6MPa 1.25P
Steam drum working pressure(P) Hydraulic test pressure

0.8-1.6MPa p+0.4MPa
＞1.6MPa 1.25P
3) 水压试验时环境温度应不低于5℃，否则应采取措施使温度维持在5℃以上。
3) The ambient temperature in the test should be at least 5℃. Take measures to
make the temperature over 5℃ if necessary.
4) 在锅炉充满水检查无泄漏后，以0.3Mpa/min的速度升压至0.3～0.4Mpa检查无
泄漏，继续升压至汽包工作压力检查正常无泄漏，升压至水压试验压力维持20
分钟，降压至汽包工作压力检查受热面正常无泄漏。
4) After the boiler is filled with water and it has been confirmed that there are no
leaks, increase the pressure to 0.3-0.4Mpa at the rate of 0.3Mpa/min. Check
again for leaks. Continue to increase pressure to steam drum working
pressure. Check again for leaks. When the pressure is increased to the test
pressure, maintain for 20min. Decrease the pressure to steam drum working
pressure. Check the heat surface for leaks.
5) 水压试验结束后，通过疏水系统泄压放水。
5) Release the pressure and discharge the water via drainage system after the
hydraulic test is finished.
21.9.1.2 燃油系统水压试验
396
21.9.1.2 Fuel oil system hydraulic test
1) 燃油系统水压试验操作与汽水系统水压试验方法相同，水压试验压力为
5.25MPa。
1) The operation method of fuel oil system hydraulic test is same with that of
steam-water system hydraulic test, but the test pressure is 5.25MPa.
2) 水压试验期间禁止人员站在管路阀门法兰附近。
2) Personnel must not stand nearby the flange of pipeline valve during the test.
21.9.2 炉膛漏风试验
21.9.2 Furnace Air Leakage Test
21.9.2.1 启动送风机向燃烧室通入烟气，保持燃烧室压力 20～50Pa，检查燃烧室各缝隙、
检查孔、门严密无泄漏，否则予以处理，直至无泄漏。
21.9.2.1 Start up the FD fan to supply combustion chamber with flue gas. Keep the
pressure in combustion chamber within 20-50Pa. Check all gaps, access holes
and doors are tight and without leakage. Eliminate any problems.
21.9.2.2 继续充压，燃烧室压力至 169 Hg/mm 时炉膛事故防爆门开始漏空气，燃烧室压力
至 200 Hg/mm 时炉膛事故防爆门开始动作浮起，燃烧室压力至 250 Hg/mm 时炉膛
事故防爆门动作跳起。
21.9.2.2 Continue to fill pressure. The furnace fault anti-explosion valve begins to leak air
when the combustion chamber pressure is 169 Hg/mm. The valve begins to
activate slowly when the pressure is 200 Hg/mm. The valve begins to opens when
the pressure is 250 Hg/mm;
21.10 启动锅炉的烘炉
21.10 Boiler Dry-out and Boil-out for Startup Boiler
新安装锅炉和连续停用3个月以上都应进行烘炉（暖炉）
；
The new boiler and the boiler that has not been used for the past three months or
above should be dried in the furnace;
21.10.1 烘炉前的准备工作
21.10.1 Preparations before Furnace Drying
编制烘炉方案及烘炉曲线，对参加人员进行技术交底，并准备好有关烘炉记录。炉
墙上布置好测温点或取样点，并准备好温度计或取样工具。
Furnace drying plan and curve should be prepared; and all participants involved
should be trained and take a good note of all records about the drying. The
chamber wall should be furnished with points for temperature measurement or
sampling, and provided with thermometer or sampling appliances.
21.10.2 烘炉
21.10.2 Furnace drying
本锅炉采用火焰烘炉法进行烘炉，其中前期为开火种阀小火烘炉，后期~15%燃烧
器负荷烘炉。
This boiler adopts flame drying method, in which the furnace is dried at mild fire
397
during earlier and transitional stages, and at about 15% of the burner’s load at the
final stage.
前期烘炉阶段（小火）
：点燃燃烧器小火，根据升温的情况调整火焰的大小，根据各
测点显示数据，然后逐渐加大火焰，以过热器后部的烟气温度为监控调节值。
Furnace drying at earlier stage (mild fire):Ignite the burner’s mild fire. Regulate the
flame shape relative to temperature rise, according display data of the measuring
point. Then increase the blaze and take the fume temperature at the tail of the
super-heater as the value for regulation.
后期烘炉阶段（~12.5%燃烧器负荷）
：当用小火已不能使过热器后温度再提高的时
候（一般为2-3天）应加大燃料投入量烘炉，加强燃烧，使烟气温度不断提高。
Furnace drying at final stage (about 12.5% of the burner’s load): When the
super-heater is unable to reach higher temperature by mild fire (this usually takes
2-3 days), more fuel should be fed into the furnace, intensifying the combustion
and increasing the fume temperature.
21.10.3 烘炉时间的温度控制
21.10.3 Time and temperature Control of Furnace Drying
烘炉期间，控制温度很重要，升温的速度对烘炉的效果有着直接影响，因此，采用
测量过热器后部的烟气温度的办法来控制燃料供给量及送风量。
During furnace drying, temperature control is very critical, and the heating-up rate
plays a direct role on drying effects. Therefore, by measuring the fume
temperature at the tail of the super-heater, the fuel feeding and air input rate can
then be controlled.
第一天温升不得超过50℃，以后每天升温不得超过30℃，每小时不得超过10℃，烘
炉后期，烟温不得超过220℃。在最高温度范围内，烘炉持续时间不得少于24小时。
如果炉墙特别潮湿应适当减慢温升速度。
Temperature rise on the first day should not exceed 50 ℃, and the temperature
rise per day and per hour for subsequent days should not exceed 30℃ and 10 ℃
respectively. At the final drying stage, the fume temperature should not exceed
220℃. Within the highest temperature vicinity, the drying duration should not be
less than 24 hours. Where the chamber wall is especially damp, heating-up rate
should be appropriately slowed down.
21.10.4 控制燃烧火焰
21.10.4 Combustion Flame Control
烘炉时燃烧要均匀，按时记录温度读数，并且要注意观察炉体膨胀情况和炉墙情况，
以便出现异常时及时处理。
During furnace drying, the combustion should be maintained uniform. The
temperature readings should be recorded on schedule, and the furnace body
expansion and the chamber wall should not be watched carefully for their
changes and be properly handled in case of atypical conditions.
21.10.5 及时排出水蒸汽
21.10.5. Timely Discharge of Water Vapor
为了及时排出烘炉期间产生的水蒸汽，在烘炉时，应打开检查门，当发现炉墙的温
398
度比较大时，还应减缓升温速度并加强通风，以便使炉墙中的水分及时蒸发并顺利
排出。
To discharge the water vapor generated during furnace drying betimes, the
access door should be opened during drying. Where chamber wall has a higher
temperature, the heating-up rate should be slowed down and the ventilation
should be enhanced so that the moisture inside the chamber wall can be
evaporated and discharged as soon as possible.
21.10.6 烘炉时间
21.10.6. Furnace Drying Time
烘炉时间一般为5-6天，究竟多少天数适宜，要根据炉墙的具体情况，当时当地的气
候条件等因素具体确定。
The time for furnace drying is usually 5-6 days, depending on specific chamber
wall and local weather.
21.10.7 烘炉的合格标准
21.10.7 Standards for Acceptable Furnace Drying
21.10.7.1 炉墙经烘烤后不应有变形和裂纹，混凝土不得有塌落等缺陷。
21.10.7.1 There should not be distortion and cracks on the furnace wall nor concrete slump
after the firing.
21.10.7.2 凡达到下列规定中任一种标准时，即认为达到合格。
21.10.7.2 It is considered as acceptable when one of the following standards is met.
(1) 炉墙灰浆试样法
(1) Chamber wall mortar sampling
在过热器位置的炉墙中部、下部位置分别取耐火砖的丁字交叉缝处的灰浆50g，
若其含水率小于2.5%，则为合格。
Sample 50g of mortar respectively from the T-shaped joints of fire bricks in the
middle and lower parts of the furnace wall where the super-heater is located.
If the water content is less than 2.5%, it is deemed as acceptable.
(2) 测温法
(2) Temperature measurement
在过热器炉墙耐火砖与隔热层接合处设测温点，而当此点的温度达到50℃时，
并继续保持48小时。
Set a point at the joint of super-heater chamber wall fire bricks and
heat-insulation layer for temperature measurement. When the temperature at
this point reaches 50 ℃ and maintains for the subsequent 48hours, it is
deemed as acceptable.
用测温法烘炉时，要定期观察测点的温度，做好记录，并给出温升曲线，存入
锅炉技术档案中。
Where temperature measurement method is used for furnace drying, the
measuring point should be watched on a regular basis for record and
temperature rise curve. All these data should be preserved in boiler technical
archives.
399
21.11 煮炉操作
21.11 Boiler Boil-out Operation
煮炉在烘炉结束后进行，煮炉目的就是要清除锅炉受热面内表面的油污及铁锈等杂
质，保证锅炉炉水品质，确保锅炉在安全、经济工况下正常运行。本锅炉的煮炉采
用氢氧化钠（NaOH）和磷酸三钠（Na3PO4.12H2O），其加药量均为2-3公斤/每
吨锅水，配制成~20%的均匀溶液加入锅内，不得将药品直接加入锅炉。
Boiling-out procedure is carried out following furnace drying, whose purpose is to
clean boiler’s internal heating surface and remove the oil stains and rusts, and
ensure its water quality and boiler operating in safe and economic conditions. For
boiler boiling out, NaOH and Na3PO4.12H2O are used as the additive, whose
dose should be 2-3 kilos for every ton of water. The chemical should not be added
into the boiler directly. Instead, it should be made into the solution with a
concentration of 20% first.
21.11.1 煮炉前的准备
21.11.1 Preparations before Boiling Out
21.11.1.1 人员及工器具准备
21.11.1.1 Preparations Required for Personnel and Necessary Apparatus
参加煮炉的人员确定之后，要明确分工，使之熟悉煮炉要点，在煮炉之前，要将胶
手套，防护眼镜、口罩等防护用品准备齐全。操作地点应有清水，急救药品和纱布，
以备急用。
When the personnel are determined for the boiling-out, their obligations should be
specified so as to grasp the key points of boiling-out procedure. Before the
procedure is started, they should put on rubber gloves, protective goggles, and
masks. The site for boiling-out operations should be provided with clean water,
first-aid medicine, and gauze for emergency use.
21.11.1.2 药品准备
21.11.1.2 Additive solution preparation
准备150kg氢氧化钠（NaOH）和200kg磷酸三钠（Na3PO4.12H2O），将其中65kg
氢氧化钠（NaOH）和85kg磷酸三钠（Na3PO4.12H2O）加400kg水溶解，配制成
浓度为~20%的药液。
Prepare 150kg NaOH and 200kg Na3PO4.12H2O in total, take out 65kg and 85
kg respectively, and add 400kg water. Then the solution with 20% content is ready
for use.
21.11.2 煮炉的方法及要求
21.11.2 Boiling-out Method & Requirements
21.11.2.1 烘炉末期，当炉墙红砖灰浆的含水率降至 10%以下，或当过热器耐火砖外侧温度达
到 50℃时，即可进行煮炉。
21.11.2.1 When the water content in the motor of chamber wall common brick is reduced to
10% or below or when the outside temperature of super-heater fire brick reaches
50 ℃ at the final stage of furnace drying, boiling-out procedure can then be
carried out.
400
21.11.2.2 向锅炉内加药
21.11.2.2 Add the solution into the boiler
锅炉处在最低水位时，通过上锅筒加药管路系统一次性加入配制成的浓度为~20%
的药液。
When the boiler has the water at the minimum level, pour the solution with about
20% content into the steam drum through dosing pipe system.
21.11.2.3 煮炉时间及压力要求
21.11.2.3 Requirements for boiling-out time & pressure
21.11.2.3.1 加药后升压到 0.3～0.4Mpa 左右，要保持 4h，并在此压力下煮炉 12h。紧固全部法
兰、人孔、手孔、阀门等的连接螺栓。
21.11.2.3.1 After chemical feed, the pressure should be increased to 0.4-0.4MPa and
maintained for 4h, and the boiling-out procedure should be carried out in this
pressure for 12h. During boiling-out, all the manhole, hand-hole, and valves
should be closely shut down
21.11.2.3.2 继续加热升压到 0.8MPa，煮炉 12h，并注意锅炉的运行情况。
21.11.2.3.2 Continue the heating-up cycle until the pressure reaches 0.8MPa, and boil the
furnace in this pressure for 12h. Special attention should be given to boiler
operations.
21.11.2.3.3 在 1.2MPa 压力下，煮炉 12h，如发现问题，待降压后再作处理。
21.11.2.3.3 In 1.2MPa pressure, boil the furnace for 12h. In case of any problem, it should be
handled after the pressure drops.
21.11.2.3.4 压力降至 0.3～0.4MPa 加水，保持压力，煮炉 4h。
21.11.2.3.4 Add water when the pressure drops to 0.3-0.4MPa, maintain this pressure and
boil the furnace for 4h.
21.11.2.4 取样化验
21.11.2.4 Sampling & assay
煮炉期间应不断地进行炉水取样试验，如碱度低于45毫克当量/升时应及时补药。
During furnace boiling-out, continual water samplings and assays are required.
Where the alkalinity is lower than 45mg/l, chemical should be added.
21.11.2.5 降压排污
21.11.2.5 Pressure drop & blow-down
煮炉期间，需要排污，应将压力降低。
When draining is required during boiling-out procedure, the pressure should be
reduced.
21.11.2.6 换水、清洗及检查
21.11.2.6 Water change, rurging & inspection
煮炉结束后，应放掉碱水，清除锅筒、集箱内的沉积物，冲洗炉内和曾与药物接触
的阀门等，检查排污阀有无堵塞。
After boiling-out, the aqueous alkali should be drained, and the buildups inside the
401
boiler drum and header should be removed. The furnace and all the valves
contacting with the chemicals should be flushed. Check the blow-down valve for
any blockage.
21.11.3 煮炉合格标准
21.11.3 Standards for acceptable boiling-out
21.11.3.1 锅筒、集箱内壁无油垢。
21.11.3.1 Check the internal walls of the boiler drum and header, and make sure there is no
oil stain.
21.11.3.2 擦去附着物后，金属表面应无锈斑。
21.11.3.2 Wipe away the deposit builders and make sure there is no rust on the metal
surface.
21.11.4 煮炉中应注意的事项
21.11.4 Notes & notices during boiling-out
21.11.4.1 煮炉期间，锅炉应保持在最高水位，以保证被清洗部分浸满洗液，同时，注意不允
许让药液进入过热器，过热器吹洗和主蒸汽管道一起进行，药液在过热器存留时间
较长，对其腐蚀较严重。
21.11.4.1 During boiling-out, the boiler should maintain the HH water level to ensure that the
proportion of furnace to be cleaned is submerged in the solution. Meanwhile,
special attention should be given to preventing the chemical solution from getting
into the super-heater. Super-heater should be purged along with the main steam
ducts. If the chemical solution stays a longer time in the super-heater, it may
cause serious corrosion.
21.11.4.2 在煮炉后期，压力已达工作压力的 65%，此时要注意检查各部的变化情况，膨胀情
况，特别要注意检查锅筒，受热面管子，膨胀节，支吊架，炉墙与锅筒，集箱的接
触部位等。
21.11.4.2 At the final stage of boiling-out when the actual pressure has reached 65% of the
working pressure, internal changes and physical expansions of each part should
be inspected, particularly the boiler drum, heating surface tubes, expansion joints,
hanging and supporting brackets, and the contacting parts between chamber wall,
boiler drum and header.
21.11.4.3 煮炉期间，应经常检查，受压元件，管道、风烟道的密封情况。
21.11.4.3 During boiling-out, regular inspections should be given to the pressure elements,
pipelines, and air/fume ducts for their seal.
21.11.4.4 煮炉期间，前后、左右应对称地进行排污。
21.11.4.4 During boiling-out, the drainage should be carried out in a symmetrical way where
the front and rear, and the right and left should be blown down symmetrically.
21.12 启动锅炉的控制
21.12 Control of startup boiler
21.12.1 开机例行检查
21.12.1 Routine inspections during boiler startup
402
电源: 供电电压三相380±20 VAC 50±1HZ 电压正常,容量足够。
Power supply: Three-phase 380±20 VAC, 50±1HZ, normal voltage, sufficient
capacity
环境: 控制机房应干燥通风,环境温度小于40℃，相对湿度小于90％，无腐蚀和破坏
绝缘的气体与尘埃。
Environment: The computer room should be kept dry and ventilated, with ambient
temperature below 40℃ and relative humidity below 90%. No corrosion and air
and dust that may damage the insulating protection are allowed.
绝缘: 各动力设备及电控柜使用500V兆欧表检测，绝缘电阻应不小于100MΩ
Insulation: Each dynamic equipment and electric-control cabinet should be
inspected by 500V ohm meter, and their insulation resistance should not be less
than 100MΩ.
接地: 电控柜、启动锅炉等须用扁铁与地网焊接，也可由低压配电间电缆接入，要
求接地电阻小于4Ω,且连接可靠。
Grounding: The electric-control cabinet and startup boiler should be welded to the
ground mat by band iron or through the electric cable of low-voltage distribution
box, whose ground-resistance should be below 4Ω and reliably earthed.
21.12.2 启停顺序及控制流程
21.12.2 Start-stop Sequence & Control Procedure
21.12.2.1 启动前准备工作
21.12.2.1 Preparations before startup
1) 合上动力电源及控制电源。
1) Turn on the dynamic power and the control power.
2) 将动力柜转换开关转向手动档，单机试运转。确保单机无故障后，将转换开关
转向自动档；如单机存在故障或无法正常运行，将转换开关转向停止档，并
及时排除故障。
2) Turn the changeover switch on the power cabinet to “Manual” position and
start commissioning at single unit. When it is verified that the single machine
has no fault, turn the changeover switch to “Auto” position. However, where
the single machine does have any fault or cannot run normally, turn the
switch to “Stop” position and get rid of the fault immediately.
3) 检查各调节阀，有无手轮转动阻滞。
3) Check all the control valves if there is any feeling of hindrance when turning
wheel.
4) 检测各传感器信号，在PLC负载端信号电压应为1～5V DC。如果信号电压不在
此范围内，则存在故障，及时检查传感器有无损坏或信号电缆是否断开。
4) Check the sensors’ signals and make sure that the signal voltage at the PLC
loading terminal is 1-5V DC. Where signal voltage doesn’t fall within this
range, there must be some fault. In this case, inspection should be given to
the sensor for any damage or the signal cable for any disconnection.
5) 打开上汽包、过热器及相关管道上的排气阀。便于锅炉启动后排除空气。
403
5) Turn on the exhaust valves on the steam drum, super-heater and relevant
pipeline for the purpose to exhaust air after boiler startup.
21.12.2.2 冷态运行模式
21.12.2.2 Cold operating Mode
启动锅炉初次运行，系统预设定为冷态模式。
For the first operation of startup boiler, the system is pre-set in cold operating
mode.
运行前需预先给启动锅炉给水至略高于危险水位。
Before operation, the startup boiler should be fed with water to a height slightly
over the LL water level.
21.12.2.2.1 动力设备
21.12.2.2.1 Dynamic equipments
21.12.2.2.1.1 启动送风机，稳定运行约 15 秒(具体由燃烧器程控器控制)。
21.12.2.2.1.1 Start the draught blower and keep it running stably for about 15 seconds
(Specific program-controlled by the burner control).
21.12.2.2 给水系统
21.12.2.2 Water feeding system
如果运行过程中需要补水，建议手动启动给水泵和调节给水手阀，控制给水压力为
1.8MPa；水位控制在-5cm左右。
Where make-up water may required during operation, it is recommended to start
the water-feed pump and regulate the water-feed valve manually. The water feed
pressure should be maintained at 1.8MPa, and the water level be at -5cm.
21.12.2.3 燃烧系统
21.12.2.3 Combustion system
21.12.2.3.1 燃烧器程控器控制电源投入，启动燃烧器，检测燃烧器器件，预先吹扫同时检测阀
组的严密性。
21.12.2.3.1 Switch on the control power for burner controller, start up burner, test burner
components, purge the burner in advance and check the vale set tightness.
21.12.2.3.2 燃烧器风门回至点火位置，点火油路电磁阀打开，高压电离点火，停留约 1 秒，燃
油电磁阀打开，引入燃油最低负荷燃烧。
21.12.2.3.2 Set the burner air flap back to ignition position and open the electro-magnetic
valve of ignition oil route. Conduct high-voltage and ionized ignition and keep it for
about one second. Open fuel oil electro-magnetic valve and fill in fuel oil for
combustion at min. load.
21.12.2.3.3 手动设置燃烧最大负荷，如果最大燃烧负荷为 0，则不开大风门；同理，风门最大
开大至设定的最大负荷
21.12.2.3.3 Manually set the max. combustion load. Do not open the big air flap if the max.
combustion load is 0. Likewise, the air flap shall be opened up to max. load.
21.12.2.3.3 根据蒸汽压力传感器测量值和设定值（1.3MPa），PID 运算调节燃烧器回油调节阀
门的开度，自动改变进油量，调节燃烧负荷的大小。测量值越接近设定值，燃烧负
404
荷越小；反之燃烧负荷越大。对于突变情况，由于 PLC 反映滞后，操作人员可以根
据用户实际使用蒸汽的情况，人工进行负荷的调节。
21.12.2.3.3 PID calculates and regulates the opening size of oil return control valve in the
burner based upon the measured value given by the steam pressure sensor and
the set value (1.3MPa), and change the oil feeding amount and combustion load
automatically. When the measuring value is getting closer to the set value, the
combustion load is smaller; per contra, the combustion load is bigger. For unusual
conditions taking place due to PLC response lag, the operator can regulate the
intensity manually based upon the actual use of steam by the user.
21.12.2.4 烟风系统
21.12.2.4 Fume system
21.12.2.4.1 燃烧器风门吹扫时，风门开度控制在 33%～35%，配合吹扫，使炉膛内残余烟气吹
扫干净。
21.12.2.4.1 During air purging by opening the burner’s air damper, the air damper should be
maintained between 33% and 35%. By doing so and combined with air purging,
the residual fume remaining in the furnace chamber can be purged clean.
21.12.2.4.2 延时 90 秒后，风门开度回位在 19%～20%，准备点火。
21.12.2.4.2 After a 90s time delay, the air damper will return to 19%-20% and ignition can be
started at this moment.
21.12.2.4.3 点火成功后，判断风门是否有增大趋势，若有则以每两秒开大 1%方式，与燃烧器
风门同步开大，保证炉膛压力维持在一定范围内。
21.12.2.4.3 When the boiler is ignited successfully, it is necessary to determine whether the
air damper tends to increase its opening size. If it is so, the angle actuator should
be opened by 1% every two seconds simultaneously relative to the burner air
damper to ensure furnace pressure to maintain a certain scope.
21.12.2.5 蒸汽减温系统
21.12.2.5 Steam de-super-heating System
待锅炉上压到0.1MPa后，冲洗各仪表管路。关闭各排气阀，逐渐打开过热蒸汽紧急
排空门，使过热器得到充分冷却，确保过热器的安全。
Flush all the instrument pipelines when the boiler increases its pressure up to
0.1MPa. Shut down the exhaust valves, turn on the super-heated steam
emergency exhaust valve to cool down the super-heater and ensure its safety.
本设备蒸汽温度的调节采用喷水减温的方式。根据所检测的过热蒸汽温度发展趋势，
自动投入减温水，经喷嘴喷入减温集箱。通过减温水调节阀门的调节，确保蒸汽温
度在允许范围内。也可采用手动方式调节减温水调节阀。
The regulation of steam temperature for this boiler uses spraying method for
de-super-heating. Cool water will be sprayed into the de-super-heated header
through the nozzles, based upon the super-heating steam temperature growth
trend as monitored. By regulating the control valve for de-super-heating, the
steam temperature can be maintained within the permissible range. As an
alternative, the control valve for de-super-heating can also be regulated manually.
21.12.3 热态运行模式
21.12.3 Hot Operating Mode
405
系统预设定为冷态模式，如果锅炉处于热态，可选择热态直接启动。热态时由于锅
炉各部件得到预热，可以缩短前期运行时间。
The pre-set mode of the system is cold mode. Where the boiler is set in hot mode,
hot startup can be applied directly. During hot mode, operation time at earlier
stage can be shortened due to the pre-heating to all parts and components of the
boiler.
21.12.3.1 动力设备
21.12.3.1 Dynamic equipments
21.12.3.1.1 启动送风机，稳定运行约 15 秒（具体由燃烧器程控器控制）
。
21.12.3.1.1 Start the draught blower and keep it running stably for about 15 seconds (Specific
program-controlled by the burner control).
21.12.3.2 给水系统
21.12.3.2 Water feeding system
21.12.3.2.1 在补水水位启动给水泵，且给水泵常开。
21.12.3.2.1 Start the feed-water pump at the make-up water level. This pump has to be turned
on frequently.
21.12.3.2.2 在高水位停止给水泵。
21.12.3.2.2 Stop the feed-water pump at H level.
21.12.3.2.3 给水调节阀控制：根据水位压差变送器测量值和设定值（5mm），PID 运算调节给
水阀开度的变化量。水位测量值略小于设定值（5mm），给水调节阀每秒开大开度
的变化量；水位测量值略大于设定值（5mm）
，给水调节阀每秒关小开度的变化量。
21.12.3.2.3 Feed water control valve: Based upon the measured value given by the water
level differential pressure transmitter and the set value (5mm), PID calculates and
regulates the opening size variation rate of the feed water valve. If the water level
measured value is slightly lower than the set value (5mm), the feed water control
valve will increase its opening size variation rate at every second; if in contrast,
the opening size variation rate will be reduced at every second.
21.12.3.3 燃烧系统（与冷态相同）
21.12.3.3 Combustion system (some to that in cold mode)
21.12.3.4 烟风系统（与冷态相同）
21.12.3.4 Fume system (some to that in cold mode)
21.12.3.5 蒸汽系统
21.12.3.5 Steam system
21.12.3.5.1 蒸汽压力测量以高温型压力传感器为核心，调节燃烧负荷火力。
21.12.3.5.1 The measurement of steam pressure regulates the combustion load based upon
the high-temperature pressure transmitter.
21.12.3.5.2 调节减温水调节阀，控制蒸汽温度在（350℃）左右。
21.12.3.5.2 Regulate the de-super-heating water control valve to maintain the steam
temperature at approximately 350℃.
406
21.12.3.5.3 主蒸汽电动门开启和关闭由用户手动操作。
21.12.3.5.3 Main steam electric door is opened or closed manually.
21.12.3.5.4 当过热器蒸汽压力大于设定值，紧急排空电动门自动开启；当过热器蒸汽压力小于
规定的设定值，紧急排空电动门自动关闭。
21.12.3.5.4 When the steam pressure in super-heater is larger than the set value, the
emergency exhaust electric valve can be opened automatically. Likewise in
contrast, the valve will be shut off in an automatic way.
21.12.3.5.5 若没有打开主蒸汽电动门，则须开启紧急排空电动门，以确保过热器的安全。
21.12.3.5.5 Where the main steam electric valve is not opened, the electric emergency
exhaust valve must be opened to ensure the super-heater’s safety.
21.12.4 停止燃烧、待机及重启
21.12.4 Combustion Stop, Standby and Restart
21.12.4.1 当蒸汽压力大于最高设定压力时，断开燃烧器启停信号，停止燃烧。
21.12.4.1 When the steam pressure is higher than the highest set value, the burner
start-stop signal will be put in open state and the combustion will be stopped.
21.12.4.2 当蒸汽压力低于设定压力值时，闭合燃烧器启停信号，重新启动燃烧。
21.12.4.2 When the steam pressure is lower than the set value, the burner start-stop signal
will be put in closed state and the combustion will be restarted.
21.12.4.3 也可以根据电厂蒸汽使用的实际情况，操作人员手动进行操作，或重新设定运行参
数。
21.12.4.3 The operator may, on the basis of actual application of steam in power plant, to
operate manually or re-set the operating parameters.
21.12.5 停机顺序
21.12.5 Machine Stop Procedure
21.12.5.1 停止燃烧，断开燃烧器程序控制器启停信号继电器。
21.12.5.1 Stop the combustion, switch off the start/stop signal relay of burner program
controller.
21.12.5.2 停止给水系统，即停止给水泵和关闭给水调节阀，给水自动停止。
21.12.5.2 Stop the water feeding system by shut off the water feeding pump and closing the
water feeding control valve and the water feeding will stop automatically.
21.13 联锁保护及故障处理
21.13 Interlocking Protection & Troubleshooting
21.13.1 动力设备
21.13.1 Power Equpement
21.13.1.1 给水泵过载：给水泵保护不启动，联锁燃烧系统停止；自动给水系统不运行；蒸汽
无法产生。声光报警输出，需复位给水泵热继电器。
21.13.1.1 Feed-water pump is overloaded: the protective device of the feed-water pump can
407
not be started and the interlocking combustion system stops; automatic
water-feeding system stops; and the steam cannot be generated. The
acousto-optic alarming indicator is output, indicating the reset of the thermo-relay
of the feed-water pump.
21.13.2 给水系统
21.13.2 Feed Water System
21.13.2.1 运行中发生危险水位，系统将停机；声光报警输出，需及时查看给水系统。
21.13.2.1 In case of LL water level during operation, the system will stop. The acousto-optic
alarming indicator is output, indicating that the water feeding system should be
inspected immediately.
21.13.2.2 发生超高水位，系统将继续运行，但声光报警输出，提示司炉人员及时排水。
21.13.2.2 In case of HH level, the system will continue running, but the acousto-optic
alarming indicator is output, indicating that the stoker should drain the furnace
immediately.
21.13.3 燃烧系统
21.13.3 Combustion System
如果燃烧器件损坏、光敏管污染、喷油管路堵塞和点火不成功，燃烧程控器红灯亮，
将无法燃烧。待排除故障后，再人工复位燃烧程控器。
If the burner has any component or part damaged, photo-sensitive tube is
contaminated, the oil injection pipeline is blocked, or the ignition fails, the remote
combustion control indicating light will turn red and combustion will stop. When
the fault is eradicated, manual resetting is required for the remote combustion
control.
21.13.4 蒸汽系统
21.13.4 Steam System
蒸汽压力控制器超压保护，系统将停机，声光报警输出。需紧急处理。
When the protective device of steam pressure control is triggered due to
overpressure, the system will stop and the acousto-optic alarming indicator is
output, indicating that emergency handling is required.
408
22 操作票管理规定
22 Operation Permit Management Regulations
22.1 总则
22.1 General Principles
1) 实行操作票制度是电业生产中杜绝误操作，严防操作事故发生的重要措施，发
电厂各地人员均应严格执行。
1) Operation permit system functions as preventing wrong operation in electric
power production. It should be implemented strictly for it is an important
measure.
2) 操作中发生疑问时，不准擅自更改操作票，必须向班长、值长报告，弄清楚后
再进行操作。
2) If any problems, do not change operation permit during operation. It is a must
to report to foreman and shift leader before handling.
3) 已执行的操作票要保存三个月，三个月后加盖“作废”章，进行作废处理。
3) The operation permit which is implemented should be kept for 3 months, after
which it should be sealed with INVALID.
4) 在事故情况下，值班人员可按照规程规定迅速处理，可不填写工作票，但应做
好记录。
4) Under emergency condition, operator on duty should follow the relevant
regulations to handle it. It is not necessary to fill in work permit. However,
records should be taken.
22.2 正常操作按下列程序进行
22.2 Normal Operation Procedures
1) 在得到值长命令后，由班长下达操作任务，说明操作目的和注意事项。
1) Once the command from shift leader is received, operation purpose and
precautions should be given by foreman.
2) 操作人根据接线图认真填写操作票，票面应清楚、整洁，不得任意涂改，发电
机并列和停机应填写典型的操作票。
2) Operators should fill in the operation permit carefully according to wiring
drawing. Keep the permit clear and clean, without alteration. Fill in the
relevant permit for the parallel-in and shutdown of generator.
3) 操作人填写好操作票复审无误并签字后，由监护人逐级向上审查签字。
3) Checked and signed by the operators, the permit should be sent to the
person with higher rank for signature, starting from the supervisor.
4) 进行实际操作前，应先在摸拟图板上进行核对性模拟预演，无误后，再到现场
进行设备操作。
4) Simulating test should be conducted on the plate before the real operation.
Operate equipment on site when everything is tested to be in good condition.
409
5) 到现场执行操作时，应穿绝缘鞋，戴绝缘手套、绝缘操作棒和安全帽等必要护
具，监护人和操作人一起到达操作地点，在核对设备名称、编号和位置及实际
运行状态无误后，操作人在监护人的监护下，做好操作准备。
5) Operators should wear insulation shoes, gloves, operating stick and safety
helmet when operating on site. After checking the name, serial number and
location of equipment are correct, prepare for the running under the
supervision of supervisor.
6) 操作人和监护人面向被操作设备的名称、编号牌，由监护人按操作票的顺序逐
项高声唱票，待操作人高声复诵一遍，监护人确认操作复诵无误后，发出“对，
执行”的操作口令，操作人开始实施操作。
6) Facing the label of equipment name and number, the guardian reads in the
order of work permit loudly and the operator repeats once. The command of
YES, DO IT will be sent by the guardian after the recitation from operator is
confirmed. Then, the operator begins to work.
6) 监护人在操作人完成操作并确认无误后，在该操作项目前打“√”号。
6) Mark √ when the operation is finished by operators and checked to be correct
by supervisor.
8) 对于检查项目，监护人唱票后，操作人和监护人都应认真检查，确认无误，并
听到操作人复诵后，监护人在该项目前“√”，严禁操作项和检查项一并打“√”。
8) The operators and supervisors should check carefully after the guardian
reads out loudly to make confirmation. The guardian should mark √ in front of
the items read by operators on hearing the recitation. Do not mark √ in front
of both the operating items and inspection items.
9) 全部操作项目完成后，应全面复查被操作设备的状态，表计及信号指示灯等是
否正常，有无漏相等，记上操作完毕时间，立即向班长、值长汇报，监护人在
操作票上盖上“已执行”章，操作任务完成。
9) When all the operating items are finished, check again whether the condition
of all the equipment, instruments and signal indicators are normal. Check
whether they are with leakage. Record the time when operation is completed
and report to foreman and shift leader. Operation permit should be sealed
with OPERATION COMPLETED, which means the operation is finished.
22.3 操作人员有关规定
22.3 Regulations for Operators
1) 操作人员在接到操作任务后，必须了解设备的运行、备用、检修情况，同时明
确操作任务、目的、步骤及注意事项。
1) Operators must grasp the condition of equipment operation, standby and
maintenance while figure out the tasks, targets, procedure and precautions of
operation.
2) 操作人员应根据设备实际情况，核对操作卡（有变更时须及时修改），填写操作
票，然后交监护人或发令人审核后执行，填写的操作卡（票）必须字迹端正，
不得涂改。
2) The operators should check operation card (should be revised when the
410
condition is changed), fill out the operation permit according to the real
condition. Carry it out after it is sent to the guardian or command issuer for
confirmation. Keep the handwriting tidy on the operation card (permit),
without alteration.
3) 进行倒闸操作前，必须按《安规》规定由操作人填写操作票，如发现错误，应
盖“作废”章，并重新填票。
3) Operators should fill out the operation permit according to Safety Code
before switchover operation. If any fault, the permit should be sealed with
INVALID and a new permit should be filled out.
4) 操作前，各级值班人员应作好事故预想，并进行危险点分析，按填写好的操作
票进行模拟操作。
4) Before operation, emergency handling plan should be made by the operators
in all levels and analyze the key points. Conduct the simulated operation
according to the filled operation permit.
5) 操作时：
5) Pay attention to the following items:
a) 按操作票上的顺序依次进行操作，操作顺序不得颠倒，操作票由监护人执
拿，每操作完一项作一记号“√”。
a) When operating, follow the order on the permit. Do not change the order.
The operation permit should be held by the guardian who should mark √
in front of the completed items.
b) 必须由监护人核对设备名称、编号、高声唱票，操作人高声复诵并做预演
手势（不得触及设备）
，监护人确认无误，发布操作口令。操作人不得擅自
操作。
b) The name and number of equipment should be checked by the
supervisor, who should read it out loudly. The operator should recite and
give a sign for simulated test by hand (free from equipment.). The
guardian should send the operation command after everything is
confirmed. Operators should not operate without permission.
c) 在执行过程中，发现命令内容有问题时应立即终止操作，向发令人请示，
在确认清楚正确的前提下，再继续执行任务。
c) When operating, stop immediately if any mistake in the command. Ask
the issuer to make it clear, after which operation can be continued.
d) 操作过程中，设备或系统发生故障或异常，操作人员应立即报告值长，并
采取相应的补救措施。
d) If the equipment is with any fault or abnormality during operation, the
operator should report to shift leader immediately and take some
measures to make it up.
6) 操作后，应及时更改系统图，操作人或监护人须向操作任务发令人汇报“于
××时××分，完成××××操作任务”，经操作命令发布人认可后，由监护人在
操作票上盖“已执行”章，方可认为操作完毕。
6) System drawing should be revised after operation. The operator or
guardian should report to the issuer on the exact time when the operation
411
is completed, which can be written as Operation is completed at ____
(Hour) ____ (Minute). The operation is officially completed when the
permit is sealed with COMPLETED by the supervisor.
6) 操作完毕后，监护人或操作人应及时将有关操作时间、顺序及执行情况录
入微机，提交专业审核。
6) After the operation is completed, time, order and operation condition
should be recorded with computer by the guardian or the operator and
submitted to the one with higher rank for assessment.
22.4 监护人的有关规定
22.4 Regulations for Guardians
1) 操作时应有监护人，下级值班人员不得担任上级值班人员的监护人。
1) The operation should be supervised by the supervisor. A guardian can not be
the person in lower rank than the operator is.
2) 下列人员可作为操作监护人：值长、副值长、全能主值、全能副值、巡检A；
燃料运行正（副）班长；脱硫除灰班长；化学主值班员。对重大操作，专业专
工、值长、部门安全员及主任应到现场进行二级监护和监督。
2) The following personnel is qualified to be the supervisor: shift leader, vice
shift leader, multi-role operators(chief), multi-role operators (assistant),
inspector A, shift leader and vice shift leader of fuel operation,
desulphurization and ash handling foreman and main operator of chemical
division. During the important operation, secondary supervision and
protection should be conducted by specialized engineer on site.
3) 同级值班员操作时，应明确其中一人作为监护人。
3) When operators in the same rank work together, one of them should be
supervisor.
4) 操作时，监护人不能离开现场，操作人的每一项操作，监护人应认真监护，并
及时制止任何错误动作，但对机、炉、燃料等操作，如遇操作人体力不够时，
监护人可酌情帮助，但仍应注意监护。
4) The guardian should not leave the site during operation. All the operation
should be supervised by the guardian, who should correct all the wrong
operation. The guardian should help while supervising if the operator is too
tired.
5) 操作时不得从事与操作无关的其它一切工作。
5) Nothing should be done except operation.
6) 每完成一项操作后，应检查操作设备符合正常要求，阀门开度指示应正常，电
气开关断开后，电流表应无指示等。
6) Check the following items after every operation is finished:
The equipment meets the requirements.
Valve opening indication is normal.
The ammeter should be without indication after CB is open.
412
6) 重要操作，应由值长（副值长）做监护人，全能主值或副值做操作人，辅机及
其他操作由值长指定值班员做监护人。
6) During the important operation, shift leader (or assistant shift leader) should
be the guardian while the multi-role operator (chief) or multi-role operator
(assistant) should operate.
22.5 下列操作必须由值长或单元长监护
22.5 The following operation should be done with shift leader or responsible
person of the unit as the guardian
1) 锅炉的冷、热态启、停。
1) Boiler startup in cold/hot state.
2) 锅炉的故障停炉。
2) Boiler shutdown caused by faults.
3) 锅炉保护联锁试验。
3) Test for boiler protection interlock.
4) 炉前燃油管道的吹扫操作。
4) Purging for oil pipes in front of boiler.
5) 重要公用系统的隔绝与连通操作。
5) The isolating and connecting operation for important auxiliary system.
22.6 其它规定
22.6 Other Regulations
1) 在特殊情况下，更换操作人或监护人应汇报操作命令发布人，并做好交接手续，
然后继续操作，操作票（卡）可继续使用，但要签上双方姓名。
1) Under special condition, if change the operator or guardian, report to the
issuer and finish all the handover procedure. After that, operation can be
continued. The operation permit (card) can be used with the signature of the
former and latter operator or guardian.
2) 实习人员或未经考试合格的新学员不得提任操作人，只能做操作人的助手，协
助操作人操作。
2) The internship or new employees haven’t pass the exam can only be
assistants instead of operators to help the operator.
3) 如遇有设备或系统的切换、停复役等操作，制度中没有明确规定监护人，原则
上由值长指定的人员监护。
3) For the operation such as the switchover, startup and shutdown of equipment
or system, if no designated guardian written in the regulations, guardian
should be assigned by shift leader.
413
23 附图
23 Attached Figure
23.1 锅炉整体布置图
23.1 Boiler Structure Drawing
414
23.2 过热蒸汽流程图
23.2 Superheated Steam Flow Path
415
23.3 过热器喷水减温器
23.3 Water Spary Desuperheater of Superhetaer
416
417
23.4 再热蒸汽流程图
23.4 Reheat Steam Flow Path
418
23.5 锅炉给水系统
23.5 RH Emergency Water Spay Desuperheater
23.6 锅炉冷态启动曲线
23.6 Boiler Cold State Startup Curve
419
420
421
23.7 锅炉温态启动曲线
23.7 Boiler Warm State Startup Curve
422
23.8 锅炉热态启动曲线
23.8 Boiler Hot State Startup Curve
423
23.9 锅炉极热态启动曲线
23.9 Boiler extremely hot startup curve
424
425
426
23.10 烟风系统
23.10 Combustion Equipment Structure drawing
23.11 制粉系统
23.11 Burner Nozzle Structure Drawings
427
428
23.12 燃烧系统
23.12 Pulverized Coal Burner Structure Drawing
429

Boiler Operation Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boiler Operation Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

印尼棉兰 2×200MW 燃煤电厂项目

PLTU 2 SUMATERA UTARA 2×200MW MEDAN

编制人 提交时间 翻译人 提交时间 审核人 提交时间 其他说明

第一版 王小宁 2013、11、12

Boiler Operation Manual

Compile Submission Translated Submission Approved Submission

2 Boiler Technical Specifications

1 锅炉蒸发量 t/h 693/660 MCR/TRL

2 再热蒸汽流量 t/h 603.7 MCR

3 汽包工作压力 MPa 14.43 MCR/ TRL

5 主蒸汽温度 ℃ 540 MCR/ TRL

6 再热器进口蒸汽压力 MPa 2.7 MCR/ TRL（表压）

7 再热器出口蒸汽压力 MPa 2.5 MCR/ TRL（表压）

8 再热器进口蒸汽温度 ℃ 324 MCR/ TRL

9 再热器出口蒸汽温度 ℃ 540 MCR/ TRL

10 给水温度 ℃ 254.3 MCR/ TRL

11 空预器进口风温 ℃ 33/33 MCR/ TRL

12 热一次风温度 ℃ 378 MCR/ TRL

13 热二次风温度 ℃ 370 MCR/ TRL

14 炉膛出口烟温 ℃ 987/989 MCR/ TRL

15 空预器进口烟温 ℃ 388/387 MCR/ TRL

16 排烟温度 ℃ 140 MCR/ TRL

17 计算效率 % 92 MCR/ TRL

19 炉膛容积热负荷 KW/m3 111.99 MCR/ECR

20 炉膛断面热负荷 KW/m2 3.82 MCR/ECR

空预器二次风侧阻力 Pa 797 MCR

一次汽阻力 MPa 1.45 MCR

25 整炉循环倍率 — 3.73 MCR

26 省煤器出口温度 ℃ 294/299 MCR/TRL

No. Items Unit Design data Remarks

No. Items unit Design parameter Remark

5 heat surface area m2 3232.9

6 inlet / outlet water temperature ℃ 254

5 Operation control wall temp ℃ ＜474

6 Alarm wall temp ℃ 474

7 Heat surface area m2 1190.1

Large platen SH:

5 3 wall thickness at pipe diameter mm φ516 4 pieces

3 wall thickness and tube mm

9 2 quantity of tubes Each 115+115+114

3 pipe diameter mm Φ385

High temperature reheater: Convection type

2 quantities of tube — 60 pieces8groups

No. Name Items Unit Data Remarks

Furna Depth mm 12080

二次风 45 340 1000

Continuous blowdown Intermittent blowdown Remark

No. Item Unit Minimum

机、炉、电大联锁 锅炉大联锁逻辑说明 MFT 保护

Interlock and Protection

Interlock of Turbine, Boiler Logic Description of Boiler MFT Protection

Reverse Power Protection

锅炉启动前 锅炉上水 邻炉加热 锅炉启动前 锅炉点火 升温升压 启动注意事

Inspections Boiler Neighbor Tests Ignition Temperatur Precaution

锅炉大联锁试验 BMS 有关项目试验 水压试验 油泄漏试验

Boiler Main Interlock Tests of Hydraulic Tests Oil Leakage Tests

上水要求 上水方式 上水操作 锅炉上水注意事项

Requirements Modes Operations Precautions

Boiler startup pressure increase curve

Item Unit Value

Permitted number of Startup

锅炉正常运行参数 锅炉运行调整的要求 锅炉燃烧工况正常应 锅炉运行调整

Normal operation Requirements for Requirement for Operation and

PH(25℃) — 9.0 - 9.5

编制人提交时间翻译人提交时间审核人提交时间其他说明

第一版王小宁 2013、11、12

机、炉、电大联锁锅炉大联锁逻辑说明 MFT 保护

锅炉启动前锅炉上水邻炉加热锅炉启动前锅炉点火升温升压启动注意事

锅炉大联锁试验 BMS 有关项目试验水压试验油泄漏试验

上水要求上水方式上水操作锅炉上水注意事项

锅炉正常运行参数锅炉运行调整的要求锅炉燃烧工况正常应锅炉运行调整

负荷的调整汽温调整水位调整

停炉方式停运前准备工作停炉锅炉停运中锅炉停运后工作

序号项目符号单位炉膛凝渣管过热器对流管束省煤器