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Abstract: In order to establish the design method for T⁃shaped tensile connector with high strength bolt, the
theoretical analysis is carried out. Firstly, it analyzes the performance of the connector and establishes prying
force calculation model. Based on the model, prying force equation and function between bolt prying force and
flange thickness is derived, and the min and max thickness requirement of flange plate under a certain tension
load is then obtained. Finally, two simplified design methods of the connector are proposed, which are bolt
pulling capacity method and flange plate bending capacity method.
Keywords: prying force; T⁃type joints; high strength bolts; flange thickness
CLC number: TU391 Document code: A Article ID: 1005⁃9113(2015)02⁃0103⁃05
1 Introduction
t
Received 2013-12-02.
Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( Grant No.51408620) and the Major Science and Technology Project during the Third
Five⁃Year Plan Period of China MCC( Grant No.0012013010) .
∗Corresponding author. E⁃mail: gongchao@ foxmail.com.
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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology ( New Series) , Vol.22, No.2, 2015
2) Limit state “ B” for flange plate and bolt with calculation model is economic and reasonable.
the same strength. When flange plate and bolt have the 3) Limit state “ C” for flange plate weaker than
same strength, they will reach the ultimate limit state bolt. The flange plate is weaker than the bolt. The
at the same time. Then the bolt will be pulled out and stiffness of flange plate is small. In the failure state,
the plastic hinge appeared at the connection of flange the bolt still works properly. But for flange plate, the
plate and web plate. At this point, plastic deformation plastic hinges appear at bolt midline and the web
occurs in the flange plate, and the prying force appears junction, the flange plate is in yield state. The prying
at the edge of plate ( Fig.3( b) ) . This is the reasonable force appears at the edge of plate ( Fig.3( c) ) .
limit state for T⁃shaped tensile connector. For high In summary, the relative strength of bolt and
strength bolt, serviceability limit state means that the flange plate determines the existence and size of prying
flange plate is separated; for bearing capacity limit force. When bolt and flange plate is determined and
state, the bolt is pulled out. In a word, for T⁃shaped tension load is certain, the prying force will change
tensile connector, taking the limit state “ B ” as the with the thickness of the flange.
0 e 0
Nt=Ntb 1
Nt=Ntb
Nt=Ntb e
3
2Nt 2Nt 2Nt
Nt=Ntb e
2 Nt=Ntb
Nt=Ntb
e
4 0
0
Nt+Q Nt
M′
2 M′
2
e
1 e2 e
2 e1
M1
M2′
and the isolation body of T⁃shaped member (Fig.5), the Fig.5 Calculation diagram of T⁃shaped member isolation
following equilibrium equation is derived. unit
M 1 + M′2 - N t ·e2 = 0 (2)
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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology ( New Series) , Vol.22, No.2, 2015
ë
where t e is the minimum thickness of T⁃shaped flange ρ
Nt
4e
2N
b
▲
t
O t
e
do
thickness of tensile T⁃shaped flange plate; δ = 1 - is Fig. 6 Diagram of prying force Q and the flange plate
b
thickness
the section coefficients of the flange plate; ρ = e2 / e1 is a
coefficient; Q is prying force; α = 5 Maximum Value of Prying Force and the
1 éê t æ t e ö
N 2
ù Corresponding Thickness t of the Flange
ç ÷ - 1 ú ≥ 0 is a coefficient ( α ≥ 0) .
δ êë N bt è t ø ú
û
The tension of T⁃shaped connectors N t is certain.
4 Relationship Function between Prying Force Q When the bolt reaches the limit state, prying force
and Thickness t of the Flange reaches the maximum value that the bolt can bear.
Because Q max = N bt - N t , according to Eq. ( 5) , the
When N t is certain, there is a certain relationship thickness of the flange plate is calculated as follows.
between Q and t. The relationship needs to be derived 4e1
1 é Nt æ te ö
2
e2 to = [ ( ρ + 1) N t - N bt ] (6)
from Eq.(4) . Because α = êê b ç ÷ - 1 úú ,ρ = ,
ù bf
δ ë Nt è t ø û e1 It can be considered as the minimum thickness of
bringing into Eq.(4) , then, the flange plate ( Fig. 7 ) . Therefore, when the
æ t ö ù
2
thickness t is between t o and t e , it can ensure that the
Q = N bt êê δαρ ç ÷ úú =
é
ë è te ø û bolt and flange plate meet the bearing capacity limit
é 1 éê Nt æ te ö
2
ù 2
æ t ö ù state.
Nbt × êê δ × × b × ç ÷ - 1ú × ρ × ç ÷ ú =
ë δ êë N è t ø
t
úû è te ø úû Q▲
Ntb
é é Nt æ te ö
2 2
ù æ t ö ù Nt
N bt × êê êê b × ç ÷ - 1 úú × ρ × ç ÷ úú =
bf2
Q=ρ
Nt- t
ë ë Nt è t ø è te ø û ρ
Nt 4e
1
û Qmax
é Nt æ te ö
2 2
éæ t ö ùù b
N bt × êê ç ÷ × ρ × êê b × ç ÷ - 1 úú úú =
4e
2Nt
t
e=
ë è te ø ë Nt è t ø
bf
ûû
é Nt æ t ö ù 2
▲
N t × ρ × êê b - ç ÷ úú =
b t t t
O o e
ë Nt è te ø û
t ö 2ù Fig.7 The maximum prying force which bolt is bear and
ρ × ê N t - N bt × ç ÷ úú =
éê æ
the corresponding flange thickness
ë è te ø û
e2 æ t ö ù
2
6 Design Ideas for T⁃shaped Tensile Connector
é
× êê N t - N bt × ç ÷ úú =
e1 ë è te ø û
e2 N t T⁃shaped tension connector can be designed based
ρ·N t - · = on the following two ideas.
e1 ψ
4bf e2 N t 1) Checking the tension capacity of the bolt. Step
ρ·N t - · · = 1: When N t is known, t e can be calculated using
4bf e1 ψ
Eq.(3) ; Step 2: Assuming the thickness of the flange
bf 4e2 N t
ρ·N t - · = plate, prying force Q can be calculated using Eq.(4) ;
4e1 ψbf Step 3: Checking the tension capacity of the bolt
bf according to Eq.(7) ; Step 4: If satisfied, the assumed
ρ·N t - ·t 2
4e1 thickness is appropriate, and the design is finished. If
bf not satisfied, the assumed thickness should be
Q = ρ·N t - ·t 2 (5)
4e1 increased, so repeating steps 2 - 4.
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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology ( New Series) , Vol.22, No.2, 2015
8 Design Example
Q Nt+Q Nt+Q Q
e1 = 1 5d 0 = 1 5 × 26 = 39 mm, take 40 mm
e2 50
2Nt
e1 = 50 mm, ρ = = = 1 25
e1 40
Fig.8 T⁃shaped connector design parameters 4e2 N bt 4 × 50 × 180 × 10 3
te = = =
bf 80 × 345
1) Without considering the prying, the minimum
36 2 mm
thickness of T⁃shaped flange plate t e is calculated by
N bt 180
Eq.(4) . In Eq. ( 4) , the width of T⁃shaped plate is Nt ≥ = = 80 kN
calculated according to the width of the bolt cover, and 1 + ρ 1 + 1 25
e2 is the calculation distance from bolt center to T⁃ 4e1
shaped web side. Pull⁃strength bolt tension strength to = [ ( ρ + 1) N t - N bt ]
bf
should satisfy N t ≤ N bt . For details see Table 1.
Table 1 The serviceability limit state for T⁃shaped tensile connector ( 10 9 M24 high strength bolt, Q345 flange plate)
computation
N t ( kN) Q max ( kN) ( ρ + 1) N t - N bt t o ( mm) t e ( mm) Design proposals t ( mm)
80 100 0 - 36 2 24
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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology ( New Series) , Vol.22, No.2, 2015
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