4.

0 APPLICATION

As we can see, application of palm oil is so common these days that people use it in their
cooking or daily life. Its unique properties encourage its uses in a wide range of end products.
There are two types of application which are edible application and non-edible application. First
of all, shortenings are one of the examples of edible application in palm oil. Palm oil and its
fractionation are used in shortening production and can be blend with other oil which is suitable
for short pastry and biscuits.[ CITATION Dia17 \l 1033 ] The fat in the products has a large surface
area which is exposed to the air so the oxidation happens and will cause the products to become
rancid which is the unpleasant taste and smell. As these happened, it is discouraged to use
polyunsaturated oil which is not hydrogenated. Nevertheless, un-hydrogenated palm oil has its
advantages which is to be used in frying shortening as it is much more stable. [ CITATION Tan12 \l
1033 ]

Bakery shortening can be classify into many different applications such as cake
shortenings, shortenings for cookies, puff pastry, short pastry, cream fillings and also icing.
When formulating shortenings, oils and fats possibly derived form vegetables animals or marine
sources as there are many palm oil-based formulations has been substantially examined in the
experimental of the bakery. Plus, palm oil shortening is suitable in making breads. The
shortening can improve the volumes of the bread and also the overall bread quality such as the
tenderness and moisture content. It also improves in extends shelf life of the finished products.
There are several advantages of using palm oil in shortening formulations. First of all, it has
valuable ingredients in shortening formulations which contains 22%-25% solid at 20℃. Thus, it
requires adequate performance which stabilize shortenings in beta forms. Next, it eliminated the
use of trans fatty acid as well as reducing the processing cost as it does not require hydrogenation
process.[ CITATION Kou15 \l 1033 ] This is because the trans fatty acid has become nutritional
concern due to its reported negatives effect. Not least of all, the presence of vitamin E in using
palm oil can acts as powerful natural anti-oxidants.

Following that, paint is one of the examples of non-edible application in palm oil.
Paintings is the practice color, applying paints, pigments or any other medium to a surface.
Commonly, the medium is applied to the base using a brush but other implements, such as
sponges, knives, and airbrushes can also be used for paintings depending to their types of work. [
CITATION Wax11 \l 1033 ] Paints have sorts of different types which are oil paint, acrylic paint,
water color, and also encaustic paints. All of these types of paints are usually identified by the
embedded in, which determines the general working characteristics of the paint. In encaustic
painting, it is known as hot wax painting, which involves the use of heated wax. The molten wax
is then applied to a surface which then reheated in order to fuse the paint. In fact, compared to
other types of paints, the encaustic is considered the best and the most beautiful and versatile
medium in all artists’ paints as it is unique. [ CITATION MAY91 \l 1033 ] It can be polished to a high
gloss, scraped, carved, layered, collaged, dipped, and even combined with oil. Encaustic
paintings do not need to be protected or varnished by glass as it is durable and the wax material
is impervious to moisture. [ CITATION PAR11 \l 1033 ]

In promoting the utilization of palm-based materials for different applications, an

encaustic medium product contains more than 50% of palm-based material have been evolved.
This medium performs similarly to other market-placed encaustic paint goods. The formulated
palm-based encaustic materials are uncomplicated to handle and work with as it has similar
melting temperature range compared to the commercial encaustic painting material. The
specifications of the formulated encaustic material containing palm-based materials which in
comparison with the encaustic product.[CITATION RAN10 \l 1033 ] This palm-based encaustic paint
offers an opportunity to the interested parties that really eager to venture into the product market
of artist paints segment. There are some advantages that can be classify from this palm-base
encaustic painting. First, this palm-base encaustic material exhibits better performance compared
to the commercial products in the industry. Plus, this type of products offers bigger market
potential in the niche product market.
5.0 CONCLUSION

It is concluded that palm oil has huge potential in processing to useful product in the
industry. This will allow them to be refined, flavourless, and odourless and rearrange their
molecular structure. In physical extraction, the quality of a palm oil can only be determined as
the fruit bunches delivered to the oil mill and for chemical extraction, the process will be
continued until the extraction from the farm fibre is no longer possible. Fractionation process
separate fats and oils into fractions with different melting points and the fractions consist of palm
olein, palm stearin and liquid fractions. There are two type of processes in fractionation of palm
oil which are dry fractionation and detergent fractionation. In comparison, detergent
fractionation offers a more complete separation of soft and hard fractions, produce a higher olein
yield and also a harder stearin fraction. For interestification, it refers to the reaction between fatty
acid esters with other esters or fatty acids, producing new esters by an interchange of fatty acid
groups. The palm oil industry in Malaysia is Sime Darby Berhad is the world’s largest oil palm
plantation company by the area of planting. Furthermore, the quality of oils and fats product are
maintained at high quality at all times, ensuring the company’s selling proposition as well as
keeping the company apart from the competition with others. Following that, shortenings are one
of the examples of edible application in palm oil while palm-based paints are one of the
examples of non-edible application of palm oil. Its fractionation was used in shortening
production and can be blend with other oil which is suitable for short pastry and biscuits. Hence,
this type of products offers bigger market potential in the niche product market.