Experiment No—3:

Axial Turbine Coefficient of Discharge Calculations

Objective:

 Main purpose of that experiment is to check coefficient of discharge of water flowing

using axial turbine.
 Also, to check its different behaviours with variations of time.

Apparatus:
 Axial turbine.
 Stop watch.
 Hydraulic bench
 Power supply

Theory:
In axial turbine working fluid is in parallel direction to its shaft, it is totally same to that of
axial compressor, but opposite in working. It converts flow of water into mechanical rotatory
energy.

 It consists total number of 8 nozzles, which are in two pairs of 4,4.

 Four nozzles are at twenty degree (200).
 Other four nozzles are at thirty degree (300).

There is a one stator, which further contain blades connected on forty degree (400), flow
strikes these blades, blades further connected with shaft so because flow strikes, blades
converts flow of water into mechanical rotatory energy.

Calculations:
 V1=initial vol
 V2=final vol
 Discharge=Cd
 Registered time= t
 Registered volume= V1-V2

 Practical discharge=Qpr= (V 1−V 2)/t

 Theoretical discharge=Qtheo=A¿ A √ 2∗g∗p
  Cd=Q pr /Qtheo

 V2 - V1 (litre)= 2500-2000=500
 Qpr = (V2 - V1)/t=1276.595745

 Theoretical discharge=Qtheo=A¿ A √ 2∗g∗p

 Theoretical discharge=Qtheo=9.718834
 Cd=Q pr /Qtheo =131.3527649

 Further values will be calculating in same way,

Procedure:
 First, we check volume of apparatus is at default.
 Then we turn on apparatus.
 Next, we open valve of hydraulic bench.
 Now, we open one nozzle of thirty degree and record its value. So that to calculate
discharge coefficient of water flow.
 Then we off this nozzle and open then 2nd and up to 4th nozzle of twenty degree.
 Now, we open one nozzle of twenty degree and record its value. So that to discharge
coefficient of water flow calculate water flow.
 Then we off this nozzle and open then 2nd and up to 4th nozzle of thirty degree.
 When we open valve of hydraulic bench then water moves from nozzles and strikes
on turbines blades.
 Because blades further connected with shaft, so flow of water converts into
mechanical rotatory energy.
 Then we calculate water flow on meter and measure its rising time from one point to
other point.
 There are total 8 nozzle so we will have total 8 values of final and initial values of
volume and time.

Observations Table:

Sr-no Time Area v1 v2 v2-v1 Qpr Qtheo Cd

min mm2 mm3 mm3 mm3 mm3/min mm3/min
1 0.391667 4.90625 2000 2500 500 1276.59574 9.718834 131.3527649
 5
1706.48464
2 0.293 4.90625 3000 3500 500 2 9.718834 175.5853229
1363.63636
3 0.366667 4.90625 4000 4500 500 4 9.718834 140.3086353
4 0.533333 4.90625 4000 4500 500 937.5 9.718834 96.46218675
1111.11111
5 0.45 4.90625 5500 6000 500 1 9.718834 114.3255547
6 0.5 4.90625 4000 4500 500 1000 9.718834 102.8929992
1487.35746
7 0.336167 4.90625 5500 6000 500 2 9.718834 153.0386701
8 0.266667 4.90625 6500 7000 500 1875 9.718834 192.9243735

Calculations:

 After experiment, we fine that when speed of flowing fluid is high, then discharge
coefficient is high.
 Practical discharge=Qpr= (V 1−V 2)/t
 Theoretical discharge=Qtheo=A¿ A √ 2∗g∗p

 Cd=Q pr /Qtheo

 Form above, when time increases then discharge coefficient decreases and vice versa.