DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

Height above Road Level - 3.0 Meter

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h1) = 0.600 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 8.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 3.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.75 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (Bb) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 8.500 m Check 0
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 24.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 18.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt = 0.75 m

h1= 0.600 m

A2

h2= 8.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 11.600 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

47/100
1/5

W= 1461.000 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 134.560 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 3.667 m
h3= 3.000 2.320 0.75 5.430 m
A1 '
X bb= 8.500 m
1/5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H =
1.700 hv,m 69.600 KN/m2
Binclined 8.668 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 11.600 m
m= 0.039
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 23

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or
0.28Qpm2n2/(H2(0.16+n2)3 for
P H

m≤0.4
0.039 0.043 0.500 0.146 0.073
0.039 0.086 1.000 0.145 0.072
0.039 0.129 1.500 0.142 0.071
0.039 0.172 2.000 0.140 0.070
0.039 0.216 2.500 0.139 0.069
0.039 0.259 3.000 0.138 0.069
0.039 0.302 3.500 0.138 0.069
0.039 0.345 4.000 0.139
 ΣP =
H 0.493

0.148
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

0.146

0.144
σx

0.142

0.140

0.138

0.136

0.134
Base length of triange A1 = 2.320 m
Base length of triange A3 = 5.430 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.340 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 1.547 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 2.695 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 4.880 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 5.667 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A1) = 13.456 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A2) = 8.700 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A3) = 31.494 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A4) = 7.225 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 60.875 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 1461.000 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 3.867 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 3.924 m
∑ An
Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 0.493 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 6.844 m
Active earth pressure at base of wall Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H 69.600 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 3.373 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 0.000 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h4 Overturning Moment 134.560 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.75

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 0.000 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 137.933 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 0.000 Fail Change sections

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.75

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 730.500 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 70.093 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 730.500 / 70.093 10.422 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

Height above Road Level - 6.0 Meter

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h1) = 0.600 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 8.000 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h 3)or D = 3.000 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.75 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (Bb) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 8.500 m Check 0
Surcharge load of Max. Vehicle axail load as per IRC6- 2000 [ Class A]= Load vehicle 70.632 KN
distance of Axle load from retaining wall top X 0.45 m

From soil test

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 24.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 18.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt = 0.75 m

h1= 0.600 m

A2

h2= 8.000 m H=h1+h2+h3= 11.600 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

47/100
1/5

W= 1461.000 KN
((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An
Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 134.560 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 3.667 m
h3= 3.000 2.320 0.75 5.430 m
A1 '
X bb= 8.500 m
1/5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H =
1.700 hv, m 69.600 KN/m2
Binclined 8.668 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 11.600 m
m= 0.039
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 23

σx =1.77Qpm n /(H (m +n )
2 2 2 2
for
2 3

m n Z = nH m>0.4 or
0.28Qpm2n2/(H2(0.16+n2)3 for P H

m≤0.4
0.039 0.043 0.500 0.146 0.073
0.039 0.086 1.000 0.145 0.072
0.039 0.129 1.500 0.142 0.071
0.039 0.172 2.000 0.140 0.070
0.039 0.216 2.500 0.139 0.069
0.039 0.259 3.000 0.138 0.069
0.039 0.302 3.500 0.138 0.069
0.039 0.345 4.000 0.139 0.070
0.039 0.388 4.500 0.139 0.070
0.039 0.431 5.000 0.140 0.070
0.039 0.474 5.500 0.141 0.071
0.039 0.517 6.000 0.142 0.071
0.039 0.560 6.500 0.143 0.071
0.039 0.603 7.000 0.143
 ΣP =
H 0.916

0.148
1 2 3 Surcharge
4 5 6load
7 from
8 vehicle
9 10 11 12 13 14

0.146

0.144
σx

0.142

0.140

0.138

0.136

0.134
Base length of triange A1 = 2.320 m
Base length of triange A3 = 5.430 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.340 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 1.547 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 2.695 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 4.880 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 5.667 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A1) = 13.456 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A2) = 8.700 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A3) = 31.494 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A4) = 7.225 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 60.875 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 1461.000 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h 4) = 3.867 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 3.924 m
∑ An
Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 0.916 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 6.844 m
Active earth pressure at base of wall Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H 69.600 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 6.268 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 0.000 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h4 Overturning Moment 134.560 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 2.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 0.000 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 140.828 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS )=

overturning 0.000 Fail Change sections

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 2.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 730.500 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 70.516 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 730.500 / 70.516 10.359 OK

 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

Height above Road Level - 8.0 Meter

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h1) = 0.600 m
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) = 4.900 m
Height of foundation from Formation Road Level (h3)or D = 1.400 m
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) = 0.5 m
Bottom width of retaining wall (Bb) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H) 3.900 3.9 Check 1.403

From soil test

n
Φ = angle bet resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 30 º

report
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) = 24.000 KN/m3
Unit weight of soil (ϒso) = 18.000 KN/m3

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500

WALL TYPE : - W2 Y
bt= 0.5 m

h1= 0.600 m

A2

h2= 4.900 m H=h1+h2+h3= 6.900 m ka =(active earth pressure coefficient)

49/100
W= 400.824 KN
0

((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ An

Σ
Pa =1/2 x Pa x h4 = 164.255 KNm

Road Formation Level

A3 h4 = H/3 = 2.100 m
h3= 1.400 0.000 0.5 3.400 m
A1 '
X bb= 3.900 m
1/5 Pa=Kpa x ϒso x H = 142.830 KN/m2
0.780 hv, m
Binclined 3.977 m Active Soil pressure

B Design parameters:-
Total Height of retaining wall H = h1+h2+h3 = 6.900 m
m= 0.000
n= (assume multiple of 0.5) 14

σx =1.77Qpm2n2/(H2(m2+n2)3 for
m n Z = nH m>0.4 or
0.28Qpm2n2/(H2(0.16+n2)3 for
P H

m≤0.4
0.000 0.072 0.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.145 1.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.217 1.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.290 2.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.362 2.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.435 3.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.507 3.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.580 4.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.652 4.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.725 5.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.797 5.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.870 6.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.942 6.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 1.014 7.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 1.087 7.500 0.000 0.000
0.000 1.159 8.000 0.000
 ΣP =
H 0.000

Surcharge load from vehicle

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
σx

0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Base length of triange A1 = 0.000 m
Base length of triange A3 = 3.400 m
Base length of triange A4 = 0.156 m
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1 0.000 m
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2 0.250 m
Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1 1.633 m
Distance of CG of A4 from X = X4 2.600 m
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A1) = 0.000 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A2) = 3.450 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A3) = 11.730 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A4) = 1.521 m2
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) = 16.701 m2
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) = 400.824 KN
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h4) = 2.300 m
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ ) 0.333

A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3 + A 4 X 4
distance of W from X = 1.436 m
∑ An
Vehicle load surcharge Intensity PH=Σ(σz-1+σz)/2 x Z diff 0.000 KN

dist. of surcharge load from X=d = 0.59H for m ≤0.4 & 0.48H for m>0.4 4.071 m
Active earth pressure at base of wall Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H 142.830 KN/m
Moment due to surcharge Load @ X = PH x d Overturning Moment 0.000 KNm
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment 575.426 KNm
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h4 Overturning Moment 164.255 KNm

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.5

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres 575.426 KNm

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over 164.255 KNm

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS overturning) = 3.503 OK

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.5

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 200.412 KN

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 142.830 KN

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 200.412 / 142.830 1.403 Fail Change sections
Hm Bt m Bb m Binclined m hv m Outward slope back slope
2.000 0.600 1.600 1.632 0.320 1/5 3/10
2.500 0.600 1.800 1.836 0.360 1/5 7/25
3.000 0.600 1.950 1.989 0.390 1/5 1/4
11.600 0.750 8.500 8.668 1.700 1/5 22/47
5.000 0.600 2.500 2.550 0.500 1/5 9/50
6.000 0.600 3.000 3.059 0.600 1/5 1/5
11.600 0.750 8.500 8.668 1.700 1/5 22/47
6.900 0.500 3.900 3.977 0.780 0 34/69
9.000 0.600 4.500 4.589 0.900 1/5 7/30

Bt
pe
Outward slo

back sl
H

e op

1m Bb

Binc hv
lin ed

Typical diagram with Stone masonry wall geometry

Cross Section area m2
2.456
3.324
4.205
60.875
8.375
11.700
60.875
16.701
24.975
 DESIGN OF STONE MASONRY RETAINING WALL

Height above Road Level - 3.0 Meter

A Geometry Data :-
Height of Retaining wall from Top ground level to Top (h1) =
Height of Retaining wall from Formation Road Level to Top ground level (h 2) =
Height of foundation from cistern Level =
Top head of retaining wall (Bt) =
side slope starting distance from top
Bottom width of retaining wall (Bb) = (For Initial section assume approx. ≈ 0.6H)

Φ = angle betn resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil
Unit weight of stone masonry wall (ϒs) =

Unit weight of soil (ϒso) =

Frictional coefficient μ =

0.5

0.5

A1

5.0

((A1 x X1) +(A2 x X2) + (A3 x X3) +(A4 x X4))/ ΣAn

A2

A3
1.400
3.900

Base length of A1 =
Base length of A2 =
Base length of A3 =
Distance of CG of A1 from X = X1
Distance of CG of A2 from X = X2
 Distance of CG of A3 from X = X1
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A1) =
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A2) =
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (A3) =
Cross section of Stone masonry retaining wall (ΣAn) =
Weight of Stone masonry retaining wall (W) =
height of line of action for lateral earth pressure (h4) =
1 − Sin φ
Active earth pressure coeff. at base of wall (Kpa) =
( 1 +Sin φ )
A 1 X 1 + A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3+ A 4 X 4
distance of W from X =
∑ An
Active earth pressure at base of wall Pa = Kpa x ϒso x H
Moment due to selfweight of wall @ X = W x X Resisting Moment
Moment due to active earth pressure @ X =1/2 x Pa x h4 Overturning Moment

C Check against overturning:- For FOS = 1.75

Sum of resisting moment = ΣMres

Sum of Overturning moment = ΣMyy over

Factor of safety against Overturning (FOS overturning) =

D Check againstg Sliding:- For FOS = 1.75

Frictional coefficient μ = 0.500
Resisting force against sliding (μW) = 200.520

Sum of Sliding Forces ( Surcharge Load + Active earth pressure) = 41.400

Factor of safety against Sliding (FOS sliding) = 200.520 / 41.400

ALL

0.600 m
5.500 m
1.400 m
0.5 m
0.5
3.900 m Check 0
From soil test

30 º
report

24.000 KN/m3

18.000 KN/m3

0.500

0.500 m
3.400 m
3.400 m
0.250 m
1.800 m
 2.200 m
3.450 m2
8.500 m2
4.760 m2
16.710 m2
401.040 KN
2.300 m

0.333

1.594 m

41.400 KN/m
639.228 KNm
47.610 KNm

639.228 KNm

47.610 KNm

13.426 OK

KN

KN

4.843 OK