Task 1 - Electromagnetic waves in open media

Individual work format

Student name
Group xx
Identification number

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2020 16-04
 Exercises development

Activity
Questions: (write with your own words)
1. What do you mean propagation medium open for electromagnetic
waves?
2. Within the propagation mediums, what is mean by the tangent of losses
3. How is the propagation medium classified from the tangent of losses?
4. What are the propagation parameters of the waves through a medium?
Application exercise:
The following 5-step exercise describes the method to characterize an
electromagnetic wave when propagating in an open environment, for which,
each student must choose 1 propagation media of the 5 proposed in Table 1
and announce it within the Task 1 forum to avoid repetition.

Table 1: Conductivity σ and electrical permittivity ε rof some media.

Media σ [S /m] εr [ ]
1. Copper 5.80 x 107 1
2. Sea water 4 80
3. Vegetable soil 1.00 x 10−2 14
4. Dry soil 1.00 x 10−4 3
5. Sweet water 1.00 x 10−3 80
−12 2 2
ε =ε r ε o ; ε o =8.8542 x 10 C /N m

1. Calculate the tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of the
medium chosen in Table 1, if through it travel an electromagnetic wave E
of frequency f =(CCC+10) MHz. Note that CCC are the last 3 digits of your
identification number.
σ σ
tan ( δ )= =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o

Example:
Identification number: 12345678, then CCC=678

Then: f =( 678+10 ) MHz=688 MHz=688 x 106 Hz

Selected propagation medium: sea water

Copper conductivity: σ =4 S / m

Copper electrical permittivity: ε r=80

Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific

σ σ 4S/m
tan ( δ )= = =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o 2 π∗688 x 10 Hz∗80∗8.8542 x 10−12 C 2 /N m 2
6

Note that ω=2 πf and ε =ε r ε o

Calculation:

Figure 1: operation 1 on a virtual scientific calculator.

σ σ
tan ( δ )= = =1.3063
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o

2. According to the result obtained in point 1, classify the behavior of the

chosen medium according to one of the 5 options in Table 2:

Table 2: Classification of propagation media.

Media Tan(δ) δ [°]
1. Perfect dielectrics (Not dissipative) Tan(δ) = 0 δ = 0°

2. Good insulators (Lost low dielectric) 0 < Tan(δ) <= 0,1 0° < δ <= 6°

3. Dissipative dielectrics (Dielectrics with losses) 0,1 < Tan(δ) <= 10 6° < δ <= 84°

4. Good conductors (Good conductors) Tan(δ) > 10 84°< δ < 90°

5. Perfect conductors (Perfect conductors) Tan(δ) >>> 10 δ = 90°

Interpretation: According to the concept of Tangent of losses, explain the

meaning of the value obtained for tan ( δ ).
 The loss tangent allows me to identify ...

3. According to the classification obtained in point 2 and using Table 3 shown

below, calculate the following propagation parameters of the wave in the
chosen medium:
a. Propagation constant  (gamma).
b. Attenuation constant  (Alpha).
c. Phase constant  (Beta).

Table 3: Propagation parameters in open media.

Paramete Not Lost low Dielectrics with Good

r dissipative dielectric losses conductors
γ jω ❑√ με jω ❑√ με √ jωμ(σ + j ωε)
❑
√ jω σ μo
❑

α 0 ση/2 ℜ¿) √ πf σ μ o
❑

β ω ❑√ με ω ❑√ με ℑ() √ πf σ μ o
❑

η √ μ/ε
❑ ❑
√ μ/ε √ jω μ/( σ+ j ωε)
❑
√ jω μo /σ
❑

μ=μ r μ o ; μ r=1 ( non−magnetic media ) ; μ o=1.2566 x 10−6 T m/ A

Attention, for the calculations:

1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific

γ =❑√ jωμ( σ + j ωε)=❑√ j 2 πf μr μo (σ + j 2 πf ε r ε o)=...

Note that ω=2 πf , μ=μ r μ o and ε =ε r ε o

Calculation:
 Figure 2: operation 2 on a virtual scientific calculator.

4. According to the results obtained in point 3 and using the following

equations, calculate the propagation characteristics of the wave in the
chosen medium:
a. Propagation speed v p .
b. Wavelength λ .
c. The penetration depth of the δ pwave in the medium.

Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator, paste the image of the
operation on the report, then write the final result including the units.
V p=¿

λ=¿

…
 Figure 3: operation 3 on a virtual scientific calculator.

Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning of

the value obtained for each of the propagation characteristics V p , λ and δ p.
V p is the speed with which the...

Application example

Example:

Video link

URL:

References

Reference 1:

Examples of reference formats:

Physical book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). City,
Country: Editorial.

Chapter of a physical book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial.

EBook.
Surname, A. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). Country: Editorial.
Retrieved from http: // ...

Chapter of an electronic book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...

Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video Video server [Video]. Retrieved from
http: // ...