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Pr. Anis AMMOUS 1

 Speed Control

• There are 3 types of speed control of 3 phase

induction machines
i. Varying rotor resistance
ii. Varying supply voltage
iii. Varying supply voltage and supply frequency

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 2

 Varying rotor resistance
• For wound rotor only
• Speed is decreasing
T
• Constant maximum torque
• The speed at which max R1 < R2 < R3
torque occurs changes R1
nr1< nr2< nr3
R2
• Disadvantages: R3
T
– large speed regulation
– Power loss in Rext – reduce
the efficiency
nr3 nr2 nr1 n ~n n
s NL

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 3

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 4
 Varying supply voltage

• Maximum torque changes

• The speed which at max
torque occurs is constant T

V1
(at max torque), XR=RR/s V decreasing

V2
• Relatively simple method – V1> V2 > V3
nr1> nr2 > nr3
uses power electronics circuit V3

for voltage controller T

• Suitable for fan type load
• Disadvantages :
– Large speed regulation nr3 nr2 nr1 n ~n n
s NL

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 5

 Varying supply voltage and supply frequency

• The best method since

supply voltage and supply T f decreasing
frequency is varied to keep
V/ constant
f
• Maintain speed regulation
• uses power electronics T

circuit for frequency and

voltage controller
n
• Constant maximum torque
nr3 nr2 nr1 nNL1
nNL3 nNL2

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Pr. Anis AMMOUS 8
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 ‘  R’2

National Electrical Manufacturers

Association (NEMA)  X’2

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 Remark:
If

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Pr. Anis AMMOUS 12
Exemple

Rs = 2.3 Ω
No load Motor Test: P=49W, V1=208V and I1=1.5A

Blocked Motor Test: P=724W, V1=90V and I1=6.1A

Deduce Motor Parameters

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 13

 Induction Generators

• Same basic construction as squirrel-cage

induction motors
• Drive at a speed greater than the synchronous
speed
• Not started as a motor
• Operated by wind turbines, steam turbines,
etc.

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 14

Motor – to – Generator Transition

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 15

 Typical setup for
induction-generator operation

Initially, the turbine

valve is closed

2 - Motor started at full

voltage by closing the
breaker

1 - Motor shaft coupled to a steam turbine

3 –Motor drives the turbine at less than synchronous speed

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 16

 Operation as an
Induction-Generator continued

Gradually open the turbine valve,

causing a buildup of turbine
torque, adding to the motor
torque, resulting in an increase in
rotor speed.

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When the speed approaches synchronous speed, the slip = 0, Rs/s
becomes infinite, rotor current Ir = 0, and no motor torque is developed.
(The motor is neither a motor or a generator – it is “floating” on the bus.
The only stator current is the exciting current to supply the rotating
magnetic field and the iron losses.

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 18

The speed of the rotating flux is independent of the rotor speed – only a
function of the number of poles and the frequency of the applied
voltage. Increasing the rotor speed above the synchronous speed causes
the slip [(ns – nr)/ns] to become negative! The gap power, Pgap = Prcl/s
becomes negative, now supplying power to the system!

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 19

Air – gap Power vs. rotor speed

Pr. Anis AMMOUS 20

 Developed torque and
line current vs. rotor speed

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