‫ا ُﻤْﺨَﺘ َ ُ‬

‫ْ َْ َ‬
‫ِ ِﻋﻠِﻢ اﻷﺧﻼِق‬
‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎة‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻀﺪ ا ﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﺮ ﻦ ﺑﻦ أ ﺪ اﻹﻳ‬
‫)‪ 680‬ـ ‪756‬ﻫ(‬

‫اﻋﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺰار ﺣـﱠﻤـﺎدي‬

‫‪1‬‬


2
 ‫! "‪$ #‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼُة َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻧﺒِﱢﻴِﻪ ُﻣَﺤﱠﻤٍﺪ َوآﻟ ِِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﻤُﺪ ﻟـﱠﻠﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻧَﻮاﻟﻪ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬‫وﺑﻌُﺪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻬَﺬا ﻣْﺨَﺘﺼﺮ ﻓِﻲ ِﻋْﻠِﻢ اﻷَْﺧ َﻼِق‪ ،‬ورﱠﺗﺒُﺘﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َأرﺑ ِﻊ ﻣَﻘَﺎﻻ ٍ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ٌ‬ ‫ََْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟـﻰ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻓ ِـﻲ ا ﻈِﺮي ِﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻮﻟٍﺔ ﻣِْﻦ َﻏْﻴِﺮ َرِوﱠﻳٍﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔَﺴﺎﻧِﱠﻴُﺔ ﺑُِﺴُﻬ َ‬
‫اﻟﺨُﻠُﻖ‪َ :‬ﻣَﻠَﻜٌﺔ َﺗْﺼُﺪُر َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎ اﻷَْﻓَﻌُﺎل ﱠ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌَﻘ َﻼِء‪َ .‬وَﺗَﺨﱡﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺎق ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِع ﺑِِﻪ‪َ ،‬وﱢاﺗَﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوُﻳْﻤﻜُﻦ َﺗْﻐﻴُِﻴﺮَﻫﺎ؛ ﻟﱠﻠﺘْﺠِﺮَﺑﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻟُﻮُرود ﱠ ْ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺐ اﻷَْﻣِﺰَﺟِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻪ ﺑَِﺤَﺴ ِ‬‫اد ﻓِ ِ‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘِﻌَﺪ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ‬
‫ث‪:‬‬ ‫ﺲ َﺛ َﻼ ٌ‬ ‫َوُﻗَﻮى اﻟﻨﱠْﻔ ِ‬

‫ﺎوُة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄَﻬﺎ‪َ :‬‬‫اﻟﺠْﺮَﺑَﺰُة‪َ ،‬وَﺗْﻔِﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤْﻜَﻤُﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻓَﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺘَِﺪُاﻟـﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫ـ اﻟﻨﱡْﻄُﻖ‪َ .‬ﻓ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻐَﺒ َ‬ ‫اﻃَﻬﺎ‪َ :‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺠْﺒُﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻄَﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﻬﱡﻮُر‪َ ،‬وَﺗْﻔِﺮ ُ‬‫اﻃَﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬‫ﺎﻋُﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻓَﺮ ُ‬‫اﻟﺸَﺠ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺘَِﺪُاﻟـَﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ .‬ﻓ ْ‬ ‫ـ َو َ‬
‫اﻟﻐَﻀ ُ‬
‫ﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻄَﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬وَﺗْﻔِﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻃَﻬﺎ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﱠﻔُﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻓَﺮ ُ‬‫ﺎﻋﺘَِﺪُاﻟـﻬﺎ‪ِ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮُة‪َ .‬ﻓ ْ‬
‫ـ َو ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺨُﻤ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔُﺠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫رذاﺋﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓِﻬﻲ ِﺳﱠﺘٌﺔ ﺑَِﺤَﺴ ِ‬ ‫اف َ َ ِ ُ‬
‫ث‪َ ،‬واﻷَْﻃَﺮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋُِﻞ ِﻫﻲ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻷوﺳﺎط‪َ ،‬ﻓِﻬﻲ َﺛ َﻼ ٌ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻜﱢﻤﱠﻴِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﻜﻤِﺔ َﻓَﻜﻤﻦ ﻳَﺘﻌﱠﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻟ ِـﻤﺠﺎرِاة اﻟﻌَﻠﻤ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻴِﻔﻴِﺔ‪َ ،‬أﻣﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ َُ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َوﻣْﻨَﻬﺎ َرَدَاءُة َ ْ ﱠ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬‫وﻣـﻤﺎرِاة اﻟﺴَﻔﻬ ِ‬
‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻴﻤِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺖ و َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻨ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎرُﺳَﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﱢﺼ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻋِﺔ َﻓَﻜَﻤْﻦ ُﻳَﻤ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﺠ َ‬ ‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻵﺧَﺮِة‪َ ،‬أِو‬
‫ﺎض َأْﻛ َﺜﺮ ﻣِْﻨﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻋﺘَِﻴ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﱠﻔِﺔ َﻓَﻜَﻤْﻦ َﺗَﺮَك ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻠﱠﺬَة َوَﻳْﻘِﺼُﺪ ْ‬ ‫وَأﻣﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎه ﻓِﻲ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َوإِﱠﻧَﻤﺎ ِﻫَﻲ َﻓَﻀﺎﺋُِﻞ إَِذا َﻟْﻢ َﻳْﺸُﺒَﻬﺎ َﻏَﺮٌض َوَﺻَﺪَرْت ﺑِ َﻼ َرِوﱠﻳٍﺔ ِﻷَﱠﻧَﻬﺎ َﺧْﻴٌﺮ‬
‫َوَﻛَﻤٌﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﺛﱠﻢ ﻟُﻜﱢﻞ َﻓﻀَﻴﻠﺔ ُﺷَﻌ ٌ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﹶﻠِﻠﹾﺤِﻜﹾﻤ‪‬ﺔِ ﺳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻌﺔﹲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮب ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗْﺸِﻮﻳ ٍ‬
‫ﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤْﻄُﻠ ِ‬‫اج َ‬ ‫ﺲ ِﻻْﺳﺘِْﺨَﺮ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِْﻌَﺪُاد ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬْﻫِﻦ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ﺎء ﱢ‬‫ـ َﺻَﻔ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻼ ِ ِ‬
‫زم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎل ﻣَِﻦ َ ْ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﺰوم إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘَِﻘ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔْﻬِﻢ‪ِ :‬ﺻﱠﺤُﺔ ْ‬ ‫ـ َﺟْﻮَدُة َ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﺘﺎﺋِ ِﺞ‪.‬‬
‫اح ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ْاﻗﺘَِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪ُ َ ْ ُ :‬‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬَﻛ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮِر‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺤُﺚ َﻋِﻦ اﻷَْﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﺑَِﻘْﺪِر َﻣﺎ ِﻫَﻲ َﻋَﻠْﻴِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱠ َ ﱡ‬
‫ﺎدِة َﺳْﻌٍﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮب ﺑِ َﻼ ِزَﻳ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤْﻄُﻠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺲ َﻋَﻠﻰ َدْرك َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻌﱡﻠِﻢ‪ُ :‬ﻗﱠﻮُة ﱠ‬
‫ﻮﻟُﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ُﺳُﻬ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤْﺪَرَﻛِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼَﻮِر ُ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺤْﻔُﻆ‪َ :‬ﺿْﺒُﻂ ﱡ‬
‫ﻮﻇ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺬْﻛﺮ‪ِ :‬‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤْﺤُﻔ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘْﺤَﻀُﺎر ا َ‬ ‫ـ ﱡ ُ ْ‬
‫ﺸﺠ‪‬ﺎﻋ‪‬ﺔِ ﺇِﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﻟِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺼَﻐ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎر َواﻟﻜْﺒِﺮ َو ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻴَﺴ ِ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِْﺤَﻘُﺎر َ‬
‫اﻟﻔْﻘِﺮ َو َ‬ ‫ﺲ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ـ ﻛَِﺒُﺮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬

‫ﺎوﺗَِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎدِة ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـ ِﻋَﻈﻢ ِ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ َوَﺷَﻘ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﺒﺎَﻻة ﺑَِﺴَﻌ َ‬
‫اﻟﻬﱠﻤﺔ‪َ :‬ﻋَﺪُم ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺎوﻣِﺔ اﻵَﻻِم َواﻷَْﻫَﻮ ِ‬
‫ال‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ‪ُ :‬ﻗﱠﻮُة ُﻣَﻘ َ َ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎوِف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﺨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠَﺰ ِع ﻋْﻨَﺪ َ‬
‫اﻟﻨْﺠَﺪُة‪َ :‬ﻋَﺪُم َ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻄَﻤْﺄﻧَِﻴﻨُﺔ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ َﺳْﻮَرِة َ‬
‫اﻟﻐَﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﻠُﻢ‪ :‬ﱡ‬
‫وب‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺤُﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﺄﱢﻧﻲ ﻓِﻲ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺴُﻜ ُ‬
‫ﻮﻣﺎت َو ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺨُﺼ َ‬ ‫ﻮن‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫وﻧُﻪ ِﻓﻲ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋِ ِﻞ َوَﻣْﻦ ُد َ‬
‫ﺎم َذِوي َ‬ ‫اﺿﻊ‪ِ :‬‬
‫واﻟﺠﺎه‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎل َ َ‬ ‫اﺳﺘْﻌَﻈ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﻮ ُ ُ ْ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌَﻈﺎﺋِِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤَﻴﻞ ﻣَﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺬْﻛَﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬‫ص َﻋَﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻬَﺎﻣُﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺤْﺮ ُ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﺲ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺤﺴَﻨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎب ﱠ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘَﻤُﺎل‪ :‬إِْﺗَﻌ ُ‬ ‫ـ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺘْﻬَﻤِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻣَِﻦ ﱡ‬‫اﻟﺪ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤَﺮِم َو ﱢ‬‫اﻟﻤَﺤَﺎﻓَﻈُﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﱠﻴُﺔ‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﺄﱢذي َﻋْﻦ َأًذى َﻳْﻠَﺤُﻖ َ‬
‫اﻟﻐْﻴَﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﱠﻗُﺔ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫ـ ﱢ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻟِﻠﹾﻌِﻔﱠﺔِ ﺇِﺣ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﻋ‪‬ﺸ‪‬ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘَﺒِﺎﺋ ِﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎب َ‬ ‫ف ْارﺗَِﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ َﺧْﻮ َ‬ ‫ﺎء‪ْ :‬اﻧِﺤَﺼُﺎر ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺤَﻴ ُ‬
‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻟﻬَﻮى‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺲ َﻋْﻦ ُﻣَﺘﺎَﺑَﻌﺔ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ‪َ :‬ﺣْﺒُﺲ ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮِة‪.‬‬‫ﺎن ﱠ‬‫ﻮن ِﻋْﻨَﺪ َﻫﻴﺠ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴُﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺪَﻋُﺔ‪ :‬ﱡ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎرِف‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﺎل ﻣْﻦ َﻏْﻴِﺮ َﻣَﻬَﺎﻧﺔ َوَﻻ ُﻇْﻠٍﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻧَﻔُﺎﻗُﻪ ﻓﻲ َ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﺰاﻫُﺔ‪ْ :‬اﻛﺘِﺴﺎب اﻟﻤ ِ ِ‬
‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻴﺪِة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤِﻤ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜَﻔ ِ‬
‫اﻻﻗﺘَِﺼُﺎر َﻋَﻠﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻋُﺔ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻟﻘَﻨ َ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻄﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﺄﱢﻧﻲ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻮﱡﺟﻪ َﻧْﺤَﻮ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻮَﻗُﺎر‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻟﺠِﻤﻴﻠِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎد ﻟ َِﻤﺎ ُﻳَﺆﱢدي إَِﻟﻰ َ ْ َ ِ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل َ‬
‫اﻻﻧِﻘﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮْﻓُﻖ‪ُ :‬ﺣْﺴُﻦ ْ َ‬ ‫ـ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻨْﻔَﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫ـ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺴﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‪َ :‬ﻣَﺤﱠﺒُﺔ َﻣﺎ ُﻳَﻜﱢﻤُﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺠِﻤَﻴﻠِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎل َ‬‫اﻟﻮَرُع‪ُ :‬ﻣ َﻼَزَﻣُﺔ اﻷَْﻋَﻤ ِ‬
‫ـ َ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤَﺼﺎﻟ ِ ِﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘ َِﻈُﺎم‪َ :‬ﺗْﻘِﺪُﻳﺮ اﻷُُﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻮر َوَﺗْﺮﺗُﻴﺒَﻬﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ َ‬ ‫ـ ْ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻪ ِﺳﱠﺘُﺔ َأْﻧَﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪ :‬إِْﻋَﻄُﺎء َﻣﺎ َﻳْﻨَﺒﻐﻲ ﻟَﻤْﻦ َﻳْﻨَﺒﻐﻲ‪َ ،‬وَﻫَﺬا َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴَﺨ ُ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﺲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺐ ﱠ‬‫ﻮﻟِﺔ َوﻃِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴُﻬ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻜَﺮُم‪ِ :‬‬
‫اﻹْﻋَﻄُﺎء ﺑِ ﱡ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﻒ َﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺟ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن َﻣَﻊ َ‬ ‫اﻹَﻳﺜُﺎر‪َ :‬أْن َﻳُﻜ َ‬‫ِ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻜ ﱢ ْ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴُﺮ ِ‬
‫ور‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن َﻣَﻊ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﺒُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫أن َ ُ َ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﱡ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻊ ﻣَﺸﺎرَﻛِﺔ اﻷَﺻِﺪَﻗ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻮَاﺳُﺎة‪ْ َ :‬‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أن َ ُ َ َ َ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺎﺣُﺔ‪َ :‬ﺑْﺬُل َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳِﺠ ُ‬

‫ﺐ َﺗَﻔﱡﻀ ًﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴَﻤ َ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺐ َﺗَﻨﱡﺰًﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﺴَﺎﻣَﺤُﺔ‪َ :‬ﺗْﺮُك َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳِﺠ ُ‬‫ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫واﻟﻌَﺪَاﻟُﺔ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﺳﺎﺋِﺮ َ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪:‬‬‫اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وَﻟَﻬﺎ ُﺷَﻌ ٌ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻮﺑَﻬﺎ َﻏَﺮٌض‪َ ،‬وُﻳْﺆﺛُِﺮُه َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻧْﻔِﺴِﻪ‬‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ َﻻ َﻳُﺸ ُ‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺒٌﺔ ﺻ ِ‬
‫ﺎدَﻗٌﺔ ِ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼَﺪَاﻗُﺔ‪ َ َ َ َ :‬ﱠ َ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻴﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ات‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ َﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎق اﻵرِاء ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻤﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎش‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎوَﻧﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﺗْﺪﺑِِﻴﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﻌ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ـ اﻷُْﻟَﻔُﺔ‪ :‬ﱢاﺗَﻔ ُ َ‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺨَﻠَﻄ ِ‬
‫ﻮد ُ‬ ‫ﺎة‪ ،‬وﻣﺤَﺎﻓَﻈُﺔ ُﻋﻬ ِ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﻮَﻓﺎء‪ :‬ﻣ َﻼَزﻣُﺔ َﻃِﺮِﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫اﺳ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ ُ ُ َ‬
‫ﺐ َذﻟ َِﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎء ﺑِﻤﺎ ﻳ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻣَﻮﱠدة اﻷَْﻛَﻔ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﻮﱡدُد‪َ :‬ﻃَﻠ ُ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎدٍة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻹْﺣَﺴﺎن ﺑِﻤْﺜﻠِﻪ َأْو ِزَﻳ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﻜَﺎﻓَﺄُة‪ُ :‬ﻣَﻘَﺎﺑَﻠُﺔ ِ‬
‫ـ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮَﻛِﺔ‪ِ :‬رَﻋﺎﻳُﺔ اﻟﻌْﺪِل ﻓِﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻣ َﻼ ِ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬ ‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱢ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺠَﺎزِاة‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ :‬ﺗْﺮُك ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ َ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﺪِم َ َ ﱢ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻦ ﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻴﺮ ِ‬ ‫ـ ِﺻَﻠُﺔ اﻟﺮِﺣِﻢ‪ :‬ﻣَﺸﺎرَﻛُﺔ َذِوي َ ِ ِ‬
‫ات‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﺮَاﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ َ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﻟﻬﻤِﺔ إَِﻟﻰ إَِزَاﻟِﺔ اﻟﻤْﻜﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺎس‪.‬‬ ‫وه َﻋِﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫فا ِ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻔَﻘُﺔ‪َ :‬ﺻْﺮ ُ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎت ﺑَِﻤﺎ َﻳْﺪَﻓُﻌَﻬﺎ‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺨﺼﻮﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﻮﱡﺳُﻂ َﺑْﻴَﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ِ‬
‫ﺎس ﻓﻲ ُ ُ َ‬ ‫اﻹْﺻَﻼُح‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺒَﺸِﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻻ َﻳَﺴُﻌُﻪ ُﻗْﺪَرُة َ‬ ‫اﻟﺴْﻌِﻲ ﻓ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﻮﱡﻛُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺗْﺮُك ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻻ ُﻳ َﻼﺋُِﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘِﺮ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﻧِﻘﻴ ِ‬ ‫ـ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اض ﻓ َ‬ ‫ﺎد ﻷَْﻣِﺮ اﷲ َوَﺗْﺮُك ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ُ َ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻐﱡﻴِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻮﺗُﻪ َﻣَﻊ َﻋَﺪِم ﱠ‬‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳُﻔ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ ُﻳﺼُﻴﺒُﻪ َوﻓ َ‬ ‫ﺲﻓ َ‬ ‫ﻴﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‪ :‬ﻃ ُ‬ ‫ـ ﱢ‬
‫ﻴﻢ اﷲِ َوَأْﻫﻠِِﻪ‪َ ،‬وْاﻣﺘَِﺜُﺎل َأَواﻣِِﺮِه‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎدُة‪َ :‬ﺗْﻌﻈ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ـ اﻟﻌﺒَ َ‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِﻴﺔ‬
‫َْ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﺣﻔِﻆ اﻷﺧﻼِق واﻛ ِﺴﺎﺑ ِﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ﺴﺘْﺤِﻔْﻈَﻬﺎ ﺑُِﻤ َﻼَزَﻣِﺔ َأْﻫِﻠَﻬﺎ ﻣَِﻦ‬ ‫َﻣْﻦ َﺣَﺼَﻞ َﻟُﻪ َﻓِﻀَﻴﻠٌﺔ ﺑَِﻜْﺴ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ َأْو َﻃْﺒ ٍﻊ َﻓْﻠَﻴ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اح‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﻼﻫﻲ َواﻟﻤَﺰ َ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘْﺮَﺳَﺎل ﻓﻲ َ‬ ‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬وَﻋَﺪِم ُﺻْﺤَﺒﺔ اﻷَْﺷَﺮِار‪َ ،‬وإِﱠﻳُﺎه َو ْ‬ ‫اﻷَْﺧَﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤَﺮَاء‪.‬‬‫و ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻋْﻠِﻤﻴٍﺔ ِ ْ ِ ٍ‬
‫وﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓْﻠَﻴْﺬُﻛِﺮ َوَﺟ َﻼَﻟَﺘُﻪ َوَدَوَاﻣُﻪ َوَﺻَﻔَﺎءُه‪،‬‬ ‫َوْﻟَﻴُﺮْض َﻧْﻔَﺴُﻪ ﺑَِﻮَﻇﺎﺋِ َ‬
‫ﱠ َ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ َوَزَوَاﻟَﻬﺎ َوَﺗَﻜﱡﺪَرَﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َوَﺣَﻘَﺎرَة ﱡ‬
‫ﺺ َﻗْﻮَل َأْﻋَﺪِاﺋِﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼْﺪِق َﻣْﻦ ُﻳَﻨﱢﺒُﻬُﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ َﻋْﻴﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﺘَﻔﱠﺤ ُ‬ ‫َوَﻳْﺨَﺘُﺎر ﻣْﻦ َأْﺻﺪَﻗﺎء ﱢ‬
‫ﺎس َﻓَﻴْﺠَﺘﻨ ُِﺒَﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِْن‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮﺑُﻪ َﻓَﻴْﺘُﺮُﻛَﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ َﻳْﻘَﻨُﻊ َوَﻳْﻨُﻈُﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﻣَﻌﺎﻳِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوَﻳْﻌَﻠُﻢ ﻣْﻨُﻪ ُﻋُﻴ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼْﻌَﺒِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﺿﺎت ﱠ‬
‫رَأى ُﻓُﺘﻮرا َﻃﻮَﻋﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﺮﻳ َ ِ‬
‫ً ﱠ َ ﱢَ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻨ ِﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎب َ ِ ِ‬ ‫َوَﻣْﻦ َﺣَﺼَﻞ َﻟُﻪ َﻣَﺮٌض َﻓْﻠُﻴَﻌﺎﻟ ِْﺠُﻪ ﺑِْﺎرﺗَِﻜ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻘﺎﺑَِﻠﺔ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﱠﻢ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀَﻴﻠﺔ ُ‬
‫اﻵﺧِﺮ‪ ،‬ﱡﺛﱠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻄَﺮِف َ‬ ‫ﺴﺘْﺤِﻔْﻆ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﻻ ُﻳَﺘَﺠﺎَوَز إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻘﺎﺑَِﻠِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓْﻠَﻴ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮذَﻳﻠﺔ ُ‬ ‫ُﺛﱠﻢ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﱠﺎﻗِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎت ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺮَﻳ َ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻮﻋَﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻣَﻊ ِﻋ َﻼِﺟَﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫اﺿﺎ ُﺟْﺰﺋِﱠﻴًﺔ َﻳْﻜُﺜُﺮ ُوُﻗ ُ‬ ‫َوْﻟَﻨْﺬُﻛْﺮ َأْﻣَﺮ ً‬
‫اﻟﻌْﻘﻠِﱠﻴِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﻮاﻧِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﻴَﺮُة‪َ :‬ﺳَﺒُﺒَﻬﺎ َﺗَﻌُﺎرُض اﻷَِدﱠﻟِﺔ‪َ ،‬وِﻋ َﻼُﺟَﻬﺎ ُﻣَﻤَﺎرَﺳُﺔ َ‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫ﺎن َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﺑْﻞ‬ ‫اﻹْﻧَﺴ ُ‬ ‫ﺎم ﻟ َِﻔْﻘِﺪِﻫْﻢ َﻣﺎ ﺑِِﻪ َﻳْﻤَﺘُﺎز ِ‬
‫ﻴﻂ‪َ :‬أْﺻَﺤُﺎﺑُﻪ َﻛﺎﻷَْﻧَﻌ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺒِﺴ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺠْﻬُﻞ َ‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫ﺎوَراﺗِِﻬْﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻫْﻢ َأَﺿﱡﻞ‪َ .‬وُﻳَﻌَﺎﻟُﺞ ﺑُِﻤ َﻼَزَﻣﺔ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌَﻠَﻤﺎء ﻟَﻴْﻈَﻬَﺮ َﻟُﻪ ُﻧْﻘَﺼُﺎﻧُﻪ ﻋْﻨَﺪ ُﻣَﺤ َ‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﻟﺬة َ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻄﻌﻢ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ َﻼج َﻓﺒِﻤ َﻼَزﻣِﺔ اﻟﺮﻳ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺿﺎت َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱢَ‬
‫ـ اﻟﺠﻬُﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﱠﻛﺐ‪ :‬إِْن َﻗﺒَِﻞ ِ‬
‫َُ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘَﻨﺒِﻴِﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ ُﻣَﻘﱢﺪَﻣٍﺔ ُﻣَﻘﱢﺪَﻣٍﺔ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺘْﺪِر ِ‬ ‫ُﺛﱠﻢ ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﻊ ﻣِﱠﻤْﻦ َﺟَﺮى‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻜﱡﺒُﺮ‪َ ،‬وُﻫَﻤﺎ َﺑﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ﺐ َو ﱠ‬‫اﻟﻌْﺠ ُ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪ :‬ﺑَِﻨْﻔِﻲ َأْﺳَﺒﺎﺑِﻪ َوﻫَﻲ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻐَﻀ ُ‬‫ـ َ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺒﻮِل ﻣﺮَﺗﻴِﻦ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻴٌﺖ َﻏًﺪا‪ ،‬وﻳﺤَﺘﺎج إَِﻟﻰ َأﺑَﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ِﺟْﻨِﺴِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َﱠ ْ َ ُ َ َﱢ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴَﻔِﺮ إَِﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻋﺘِﺒ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻴِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﺮ ُ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـو ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎره ﺑِ ﱠ‬ ‫ف ﻗﱠﻠُﺔ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺘَﺨُﺎر َأْﺑَﻌُﺪ ﻣْﻨُﻬَﻤﺎ ﻷَﱠﻧُﻪ ﺑَِﻔﻀَﻴﻠﺔ َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ف‪.‬‬ ‫َﺣْﻴُﺚ َﻻ ُﻳْﻌَﺮ ُ‬
‫ﺎن ﻟ ِﱢﻠﻨَﻈ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺠﺎج‪ :‬وُﻫﻤﺎ َﻗﺎﻃِﻌ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ـ َواﻟﻤَﺮُاء َو ﱠ َ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﻸْﻋَﺪِاء‬ ‫اﻟﻔِﺎﺋَﺪِة ﻣﺴَﻠﺒٌﺔ ﻟ ِْﻠﺒﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َوَﻣْﺠَﻠَﺒٌﺔ ﻟ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ََ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘ ِْﻬَﺰُاء‪َ :‬وُﻫَﻤﺎ َﻣَﻊ ﻗِﱠﻠِﺔ َ‬‫اح َو ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ـ َواﻟﻤَﺰ ُ‬
‫ﺎد ﻓِﻲ ِ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺘِﺼ ِ‬ ‫َوَﻗﺎﻃَِﻌٌﺔ ﻟ ِﱢﻠﻨَﻈ ِ‬
‫اح َﻓْﻠَﻴْﺘُﺮْﻛُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺰ ِ‬ ‫ﺎم‪َ ،‬وَﻣْﻦ َﻋَﺠَﺰ َﻋِﻦ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻀْﻴُﻢ‪َ ،‬وُﻫَﻤﺎ ﻟ َِﻤَﺘﺎ ِع ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴﺎ َوُﻫَﻮ َﻗﻠٌﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬وْﻟَﻴْﻔِﺮْﺿُﻪ ﻣْﻦ َﻏْﻴِﺮه َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐْﺪُر َو ﱠ‬ ‫ـ َو َ‬
‫ف ُﻗْﺒَﺤُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ َِﻴْﻌِﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌُﺪﱠو َوَﻻ ُﺗْﻐﻨ ِﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـ وَﻃَﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳَﺘَﻨ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠَﻮاﻫﺮِ‪َ ،‬وَﻣَﻊ َﺣَﻘَﺎرﺗَﻬﺎ ُﺗَﻜﱢﺜُﺮ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻓﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣَﻦ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِْن َﺑِﻘَﻴْﺖ َﻟَﻚ َﻟْﻢ َﺗْﺒَﻖ َ ْ َ‬
‫أﻧﺖ َﻟَﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟِﺔ َ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺤ َ‬ ‫ﻋْﻨَﺪ َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤْﻈﻠِِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﻫﺘَِﻴ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻌْﻘَﻞ ﺑُِﺪَﺧﺎﻧﻪ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ اﻟﻌ َﻼ ِج ﻟَﺴْﺘِﺮه َ‬ ‫ﺎج َﻓَﺼْﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ َﺑْﻌَﺪ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻐَﻀ ُ‬ ‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎِء‬
‫اﻟﻬْﻴَﺌﺔ َوُﺷْﺮُب َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﻟﻮُﻗﻮد َﻟُﻪ‪َ ،‬وُرﱠﺑَﻤﺎ َﻳْﻨَﻔُﻊ َﺗْﻐﻴُِﻴﺮ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن َﻛ َ‬‫َوُﻛﱡﻞ َﻣﺎ َﻗُﺮَب ﻣِْﻨُﻪ َﻳُﻜ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻨْﻮُم‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎرِد َو ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺒ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺒَﻬﺎﺋَِﻢ‬
‫ﺘﻪ َﺣﱠﺘﻰ َﻳْﺸُﺘَﻢ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻮن ﻣِﻦ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮة إَِذا ُﻣﻨَﻌْﺖ‪َ ،‬وُرﱠﺑَﻤﺎ َرَدَأْت َﻛْﻴﻔﱠﻴ ُ ُ‬ ‫َوَﻗْﺪ َﻳُﻜ ُ َ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮه ُﻳَﻨﱢﺒُﻪ َﻋَﻠﻰ ُﻗْﺒِﺤَﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎل واﺳﺘِﻬﺠُﺎﻧﻬﺎ ِﻣﻦ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫَﺪُة َﻫﺬه اﻷَْﻓَﻌ ِ َ ْ ْ َ َ ْ ْ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﺎد ِ‬
‫ات‪َ ،‬وُﻣَﺸ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫اﻟﺨْﻮُض ﻓِﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﺮَﻣِﺔ‪َ .‬وِﻋ َﻼُﺟُﻪ َ‬
‫ﺎك ُ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘِ َﻼُل َوْاﻧﺘَِﻬ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺬﱡل َو ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺠْﺒُﻦ‪َ :‬ﻳْﺘَﺒُﻌُﻪ ُ‬
‫ـ ُ‬
‫ﻮب اﻟﻤﻮ ِ‬ ‫اﻹْﻗَﺪام َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻃِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﺨ ِ ِ‬
‫ت‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ َوذْﻛُﺮ ُوُﺟ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ﺎوف َو ِ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺘْﻮﻃِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ف ﺑَِﺘْﺮِك َﺳَﺒﺒِِﻪ إِْن َأْﻣَﻜَﻦ‪َ ،‬وإِﱠﻻ َﻓﺒِ ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺨْﻮ ُ‬
‫ـ َو َ‬
‫ﺎت َوﻗِﱠﻠِﺔ َﻟﱠﺬﺗَِﻬﺎ َوﻗَِﺼِﺮ ُﻣﱠﺪﺗَِﻬﺎ‪،‬‬‫ﺎﻟﺘَﻔﱡﻜِﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﻣَﺸﺎرَﻛِﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮَاﻧ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﺮُص‪ :‬ﺑِ ﱠ‬ ‫ـ ِ‬
‫َ ََ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮْأِي ِﻋْﻨَﺪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻬِﻮﱠﻳﺔ‪َ ،‬وإَِﺟَﺎﻟﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﱠﻮِة ﱠ‬
‫اج ُﺣْﻜِﻢ ُ‬ ‫اﺳﺘِْﺨَﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻄﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺔ َ‬
‫وَﺧﺴ ِ‬
‫َ َ َ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘَِﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﺘَِﻐ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎل ﺑِﺎﻟﻌْﻠﻤﱠﻴﺎت َوَﻏْﻴِﺮَﻫﺎ ﻣﱠﻤﺎ ُﻳْﻠِﻬﻲ َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ‬
‫ت ﱠ‬ ‫َﺗﺴِﻮ َﻳﻼ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﻣِﱠﻤﺎ ُﻳْﻐِﺮي ﺑَِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎد‪َ ،‬وإِْﺑَﻄُﺎل‬‫ﺲ واﻟﺒَﺪِن‪ ،‬وِﻫﻲ َﺗَﺸﺒﻪ ﺑِﺎﻟﺠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﱡٌ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻔ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺎ َﻫ َﻼُك ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺒَﻄَﺎﻟُﺔ‪َ :‬وُﻣْﻘَﺘَﻀ َ‬
‫ـ َ‬
‫آﺛﺎرﻫﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻳْﺴَﻤْﻊ ِﺣَﻜَﺎﻳﺎﺗِِﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻣَﺬﱠﻣَﺔ‬
‫وﻟﻴﺘﺄﻣﻞ َ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺎب ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﱢﺪ‪ َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﻜَﻤﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓْﻠُﻴَﺠﺎﻧْﺲ َأْرَﺑ َ‬
‫ﺎل ﺑَِﻤﺎ َﻻ َﻳْﻌﻨ ِﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﺘَِﻐ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒَﻄَﺎﻟُﺔ ﻣَِﻦ ْ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜَﺴ ِﻞ َوُﺳﻮء َﻋﺎﻗَﺒﺘِﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻣﺎ َﺗُﺠﱡﺮُه َ‬ ‫َأْﻫ ِﻞ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻄﺎﻟ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺼ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وُﻫَﻮ َﺟْﻬٌﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺐ َوَﺑَﻘ َ‬ ‫ﻮل َﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤْﺰُن‪َ ،‬ﻣْﻨَﺸُﺄُه َ َ ﱡ ُ ُ ُ‬‫ـ ُ‬
‫ﺎت‪.‬‬‫ﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﻟ ِﺤ ِ‬
‫َﻓْﻠﻴَﺘﻮﺟﻪ إَِﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻗِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ات ُﻣْﻤَﺘﻨ ٌِﻊ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻴﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎب َﺟﻤﻴ ِﻊ َ ْ َ‬‫ﻴﻌ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮص‪ ،‬واﻟﺠﻬُﻞ ﺑَِﺄﱠن ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘ َ‬‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤَﺴُﺪ‪َ :‬ﻣْﻨَﺸُﺆُه ْ ُ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫اﺣٍﺪ َﻻ َﻳَﺘَﻮﱠﻗ ُ‬
‫ﺎء‪ ،‬إِْذ ﺣﱡﻆ و ِ‬‫اﻟﺪاﺋِﻢ‪ ،‬وَأَﺷﺮه ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌَﻠﻤ ِ‬
‫ﻒ َﻋَﻠﻰ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤْﺰُن ﱠ ُ َ ﱡ ُ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ‬ ‫َوَأَﺛُﺮُه ُ‬
‫اﻵﺧِﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن َ‬ ‫ِﺣﺮﻣ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺰَو ِ‬ ‫ﺐ ُﺣُﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻐْﻴِﺮ‪َ ،‬وُﻫَﻮ َﻣْﻤُﺪ ٌ‬
‫وح‬ ‫ال َﻋِﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺨْﻴِﺮ َﻟُﻪ َﻣَﻊ َﻋَﺪِم ﱠ‬
‫ﻮل َ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﻐْﺒَﻄُﺔ‪َ :‬ﻃَﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻓِﻲ اﻷُْﺧﺮِوﻳِﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‪ ،‬وﻓِﻲ ﱡ ِ ِ‬
‫ص‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪْﻧَﻴِﻮﱠﻳﺔ ﺣْﺮ ٌ‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ ْ ُ ٌ َ‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫اﻟﺠْﻬ ِﻞ ﺑِِﺤْﻜَﻤِﺔ اﷲِ َﺗَﻌَﺎﻟﻰ ﻣَِﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺒَﻄَﺎﻟﺔ َو َ‬ ‫ص َو َ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻤﻊ‪ُ :‬ذﱞل ﻳْﻨَﺸُﺄ ﻣِﻦ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﺮ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ـ ﱠَ ُ‬
‫ﺎوِن‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟِﺔ إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻌ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺤِﻘِﻴﻘﱠﻴِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ـ ِ‬
‫ول ﺑَِﺘَﺼﱡﻮِر اﻷُُﺧﱠﻮة َ‬‫اﻟﺤْﻘُﺪ‪َ :‬ﻳُﺰ ُ‬
‫ﻹَﻓﺎدﺗِِﻪ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻜِﺬُب‪َ :‬وُﻫَﻮ َﺷﱞﺮ ﻣِْﻦ َﻋَﺪِم ﱡ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺎدا َﻏْﻴَﺮ َﺣﱟﻖ‪َ ،‬وُرﱠﺑَﻤﺎ َﺟَﻠ َ‬
‫اﻋﺘَﻘ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﻄِﻖ ِ َ‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫ﺎف‪َ .‬وﻣِْﻨُﻪ َوﻣَِﻦ‬
‫ﺎد‪ ،‬واﻻﺳﺘِْﺨَﻔ ِ‬
‫ﻣَﻀﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻓْﻠﻴَﺘَﺬﱠﻛﺮ َﺗﺒِﻌﺎﺗِِﻪ ﻣِﻦ اﻟﻤَﺬﻣِﺔ‪ ،‬وَﻋَﺪِم ْ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘَﻤ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ‪َ ،‬وﻣِْﻨُﻪ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﻔ ُ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻳْﻨَﺸُﺄ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼَﻠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌْﺠ ِ‬
‫ُ‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِ ﺔ‬
‫َ َ َْ‬
‫ِ ِﺳﻴﺎﺳِﺔ ا ﻤ ِ ِل‬

‫ﻮر َأْرَﺑَﻌٍﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻨَﻈُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ُأُﻣ ٍ‬
‫َو ﱠ‬
‫ﻆ‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫اﻟﺨْﺮ ِج‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤْﻔ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪْﺧ ِﻞ‪ ،‬و ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﻈُﺮ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬ ‫* ﺍﻷَﻭ‪‬ﻝﹸ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﹶﺎﻝﹸ‪َ .‬و ﱠ‬
‫َ‬
‫آﻓﺔ‪ .‬وﻳِﺠﺐ ﻓِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻋِﺔ َأْدَوُم َ َ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺪْﺧُﻞ َﻓَﻤﺎ َﻳَﺘَﻌﱠﻠُﻖ ﺑَِﺘْﺪﺑِِﻴﺮ ﱢ‬
‫َأﱠﻣﺎ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‬ ‫وأﻗﻞ َ ً َ َ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺼَﻨ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﺠَﺎرة َو ﱢ‬
‫وءِة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤُﺮ َ‬
‫اﻋُﺎة َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﺪل َو ُ‬ ‫ُﻣَﺮ َ‬
‫ﺎﻻﺳﺘِْﺜَﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎر‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺨْﺮُج َأَﻗﱠﻞ ﻣَِﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺪْﺧ ِﻞ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺗْﻘﺘٍﻴﺮ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ْ‬ ‫ﻮن َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤْﻔُﻆ َﻓَﻴُﻜ ُ‬ ‫وَأﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ﻼﺣﺘِﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎط‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤَﺘﻤﻮُل ﻳْﻘِﺴﻢ َأﻣﻮَاﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ َﻧْﻘٍﺪ وﻣَﺘﺎ ٍع وَﻋَﻘ ٍ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﻟ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ َ ﱢ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻦ َواﻷََذى‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ َ‬ ‫ﺎن ﻓِﻲ ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ اﷲِ َﻓْﻠﻴﺠَﺘَﻨﺐ ِ ِ‬ ‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﺨْﺮُج َﻓَﻤﺎ َﻛ َ‬
‫اﻟﻜَﺮَاﻫُﺔ َو َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ ْ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺴﱡﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫وءٍة َﻓ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺘْﻌِﺠُﻴﻞ‪َ ،‬و ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎن ﻓﻲ ُﻣُﺮ َ‬
‫واﻟﺮﻳﺎء‪ ،‬وْﻟﻴُﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻳْﻜُﺘﻢ َﻓْﻘﺮه‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ َﻛ َ ِ‬
‫َ ﱢَ ُ َ َ ﱠ َ ْ َ ُ َُ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤِﻘﻴﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻮاﺻَﻠُﺔ و ْ ِ‬
‫اﺧﺘَﻴُﺎر َ ْ َ‬ ‫َو ﱠ ْ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ‬
‫ورِة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻀُﺮ َ‬‫ﺎﻻﻗﺘَِﺼُﺎر َﻋَﻠﻰ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻴﻪ َأْو َﺟْﻠ ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻧْﻔ ٍﻊ َﻓ ْ‬ ‫ﻠﻀﺮورِة ﻣِﻦ دْﻓ ِﻊ ﺳِﻔ ٍ‬
‫ﺎن ﻟ ﱠ ُ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫وﻣﺎ َﻛ َ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫اﻟﺴَﺮِف‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤْﻴ ِﻞ إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻻﻗﺘَﺼﺎُد َو َ‬
‫ﺎن ﻟ ِْﻠﺤﺎﺟِﺔ َﻓ ْ ِ‬
‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨِْﺰِل‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُﻣَﺠﱠﺮَد‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘَﺄﱡﻫ ِﻞ ﱠ‬
‫ﺐ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎم َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨْﺴَﻞ‪َ ،‬وﻧَﻈ َ‬ ‫* ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻭ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺎﻥِ‪َ .‬ﻓْﻠَﻴْﻄُﻠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤُﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺠَﻤُﺎل َو َ‬
‫ﺐ َو َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤَﻴُﺎء َﻻُﺑﱠﺪ ﻣِْﻨَﻬﺎ‪َ .‬وإِْن َزَاد ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﺴ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﻘُﻞ َواﻟﻌﱠﻔُﺔ َو َ‬
‫ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸْﻬَﻮة‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫ﻒ ُﻋُﻘﻮﻟِِﻬﱠﻦ‪َ ،‬وَﻛَﺬا‬
‫ﺮط َﻓَﻜ ﱠﻼ؛ ﻟ َِﻜْﺜﺮِة ُﻃ ﱠﻼﺑِِﻬﻦ وَﺿﻌ ِ‬
‫ﱠ َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤْﻔ َ ُ‬ ‫َﻓَﺄْوَﻟﻰ‪َ .‬وَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﺠَﻤُﺎل ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ُﻣَﺠﱠﺮُد َ‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫ﻮب‪َ ،‬وﻗِﱠﻠِﺔ‬ ‫ﺎر َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔَﻀﺎﺋ ِﻞ‪َ ،‬وَﺳْﺘِﺮ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌُﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻬْﻴَﺒِﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻧْﻔِﺴَﻬﺎ ﺑِﺈِْﻇَﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺎع َ‬ ‫ﺐ إَِﻳﻘ ُ‬ ‫َوَﻳِﺠ ُ‬
‫ﻴﻤَﻬﺎ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠْﺰﺋﱠﻴﺎت‪َ ،‬وَﺗْﺤﻜ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬وُﻣَﺸﺎَوَرُﺗَﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺒَِﺴﺎط‪َ ،‬وَﺗْﺮﺑَِﻴُﺘَﻬﺎ ﺑَِﻤﺎ ُﻳَﻨﺎﺳ ُ‬‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤْﻨِﺰِل‪.‬‬
‫ﻮر َ‬‫اﻟﻐْﻴَﺮِة َﻋْﻨَﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وَﺷْﻐُﻞ َﺧﺎﻃِِﺮَﻫﺎ ﺑُِﺄُﻣ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤْﻨِﺰِل‪َ ،‬وإِْﻛَﺮُام َأَﻗ ِ‬
‫ﺎرﺑَِﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وَدْﻓُﻊ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺐ َﻓْﺮَط َﻣَﺤﱠﺒﺘَِﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِِن ْاﺑُﺘِﻠَﻲ ﺑَِﻬﺎ َﻓْﻠَﻴْﺴُﺘْﺮُه‪َ ،‬وَﻻ ُﻳْﻄِﻠُﻌَﻬﺎ َﻋَﻠﻰ َأْﺳَﺮِارِه‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوْﻟَﻴْﺠَﺘﻨ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻤ َﻼِﻫﻲ‬‫ﻋﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣِْﻘَﺪَار َﻣﺎﻟ ِِﻪ‪َ ،‬وُﻳَﺠﱢﻨُﺒَﻬﺎ َ ِ‬ ‫ﺎورَﻫﺎ ﻓِﻲ ُ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻜﱢﻠﱢﻴﺎت‪َ ،‬وَﻳْﺴُﺘُﺮ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َوَﻻ ُﻳَﺸ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻌَﺠﺎﺋِِﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوُﻣَﺠَﺎﻟَﺴﺔ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﺒﱡﻌ ِﻞ‪ ِ َ ،‬ﱠ ُ‬
‫وﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨْﺸَﻴُﺔ‪َ ،‬وُﺣْﺴُﻦ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﱠﻔُﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻇَﻬُﺎر اﻟﻜَِﻔَﺎﻳِﺔ‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫ﺎء ِ‬ ‫وَﻋَﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﱢﺴ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ َأﺣﺲ ﺑَِﻔﺴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎد َﻓْﻠَﻴْﺘُﺮْك َأْﻟَﺒﱠﺘَﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ ِ َ َ ْ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫اﻟﻜﱢﻞ‬‫ﺎل ُ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺰل‪َ ،‬ﻓْﻠَﻴْﻨُﻈْﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ‬ ‫* ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِﺚﹸ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﹶﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪ .‬وﻫﻢ َﻛﺎﻷَْﻋَﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ِ ْ َ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫َ ُ ْ‬
‫اﺣٍﺪ‪َ ،‬وْﻟُﻴَﻬﱢﻴْﺊ َﻣَﻌﺎﻳَِﺸُﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﺘَﻌﱠﺮ ْ‬
‫ف َأْﺣَﻮَاﻟُﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ‬ ‫ﺎل ُﻛﱢﻞ و ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َوإِْﺻ َﻼِﺣَﻬﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﱠﻢ ﻓِﻲ َﺣ ِ‬
‫ﻒ‪ ،‬وُﻋْﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ﻒ ﺑِ َﻼ َﺿﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﻢ ِﻣﻦ ُﻟْﻄ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﺑِ َﻼ ُﻇْﻠٍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُﻳْﺨﻠ ِ ْ ْ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوُﻳَﻌﱢﻴُﻦ ﻟُﻜ ﱟﻞ ُﺷْﻐ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ ُﻳَﻜﱢﻠُﻔُﻬْﻢ ﺑَِﻔْﻀ ِﻞ َﻣَﺸﱠﻘﺔ‪َ ،‬و َ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﺒُﺪ َأْوَﻟﻰ‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﻴﺤِﺴﻦ َﺗﺴِﻤﻴَﺘﻪ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ ُﺗﺮِﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻌَﺘِﺪَﻟُﺔ ِ‬
‫اج َﺣَﺴَﻨُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺰ ِ‬ ‫* ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺍﺑِﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻟﹶﺪ‪ ُ َ ْ ْ ْ ُ ْ َ .‬ﱠ ْ ُ ُ ُ ْ‬
‫اﻷَْﺧ َﻼِق‪َ ،‬وَﻳْﺤَﻔُﻆ َأْﺧ َﻼَﻗُﻪ‪َ ،‬وُﻳَﺪِاوِﻳﻪ ﺑَِﻤﺎ َﻣﱠﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎﻋٍﺔ َﻳْﺴَﺘِﻌﱡﺪ َﻟَﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻴِﺮ‪ ،‬وْﻟﻴْﺸَﻐْﻠﻪ ِ ِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮﻓﺔ َ ْأو ِﺻَﻨ َ‬
‫ُ ْ‬
‫وْﻟﻴُﻜﻦ ﻣَﺨﺎﻟ ُِﻄ ِ‬
‫ﻮه ﻣْﻦ َأْﻫ ِﻞ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻻﻛﺘَِﺴ ِ‬
‫ﺎب ﺑَِﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َوْﻟُﻴْﺄَﻣْﺮ ﺑَِﺘْﻜِﻤﻴﻠَِﻬﺎ َو ْ‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﺎﺟُﻬﻤﺎ ﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﺮﻳﺒﺎن‪ ،‬ﺑ ِﻞ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮَﻟُﺪ َﻓْﻠَﻴْﻌَﻠﻢ َأﱠن َواﻟ َِﺪﻳِﻪ ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﻮﺟ ُ‬ ‫اﺣﺘَﻴ ُ َ ُ‬‫اﻟﻘ ِ َ َ ْ‬ ‫ﻮﺟَﺪُاه َوَرﱠﺑُﺎه َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻄ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺤﱠﺒِﺔ َو ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن َ َ َ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ َو ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮَﺿﺎ َو َ‬ ‫ﺎدَة اﻟﻌَﻨَﺎﻳَﺔ ﺑِِﻬَﻤﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓَﻴْﺒُﺬُل ﻓﻲ ﱢ‬ ‫ِزَﻳ َ‬
‫اﻹﻣَﻜ ِ‬
‫ﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اﻟﺤَﻴَﺎة اﻷََﺑِﺪﱠﻳِﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎض َﻋَﻠﻴِﻪ اﻟﺼﻮرَة ِ ِ‬
‫اﻹْﻧَﺴﺎﻧﱠﻴَﺔ َو َ‬ ‫ْ ﱡ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻜﱢﻤُﻞ ﱠاﻟِﺬي َأَﻓ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﻌﱢﻠَﻢ َرﱡﺑُﻪ ُ‬
‫َو ُ‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺮاﺑ ِﻌﺔ‬
‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ ﺗﺪ ِ ِ ا ﻤﺪِن‬

‫ﺎن َﻋْﻦ َﻣَﺤﱠﺒٍﺔ‪َ ،‬وِﻫَﻲ إِﱠﻣﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺘَﻤﱡﺪَن‪َ ،‬وَﺧْﻴُﺮَﻫﺎ َﻣﺎ َﻛ َ‬‫ﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎوِن َأوﺟﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟُﺔ إَِﻟﻰ ﱠ َ ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺤ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺎن وَﻗْﺪ ﻳْﺨَﺘﻠَِﻔ ِ‬‫ﺐ ﻣِْﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬وَﻗْﺪ ﻳَﺘﺴﺎوى ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄَﺮَﻓ َ َ‬ ‫ﻟْﻠَﺨْﻴِﺮ َأْو ﻟﱠﻠﻨْﻔ ِﻊ َأْو ﻟﱠﻠﱠﺬة َأْو ُﻣَﺮﱠﻛ ٍ ُ َ َ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺐ َذﻟَِﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫َوَدَوُاﻣَﻬﺎ ﺑَِﺤَﺴ ِ‬

‫ﻮك‪َ ،‬وَأْﻣَﺜٌﺎل‪.‬‬‫َوَأْرَﻛُﺎﻧَﻬﺎ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎﻟ ٌِﻚ‪َ ،‬وَﻣْﻤُﻠ ٌ‬

‫ﻴﻼ‪َ ،‬ﻋﺎﻟِﻲ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻮن َأِﺻ ً‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟ ُِﻚ َﻓَﻴْﻨَﺒِﻐﻲ َأْن َﻳُﻜ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮْأِي‪َ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑَِﺖ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﺰِم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻬﱠﻤﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺘ َ‬ ‫َأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫ﺐ َدْﻳٍﻦ َأْو َﺛْﺄٍر‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮرا ُﻣﻮﺳًﺮا َذا َأْﻋَﻮان‪َ ،‬وَﻻ ُﻳَﻈﱢﻔَﺮ إِﱠﻻ َﻃﺎﻟ َ‬ ‫َﺻُﺒ ً‬
‫َوَﻋَﻠْﻴِﻪ َﺛ َﻼَﺛُﺔ ُأُﻣ ٍ‬
‫ﻮر‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺰَارَﻋِﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻼ‬ ‫ﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻣَﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫َ ُ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﻠِﻢ‪ ،‬واﻟﺴﻴ ِ‬
‫َ ﱠ ْ‬
‫ﺎب ِ‬ ‫ـ َأَﺣُﺪَﻫﺎ‪َ :‬ﺗْﻌِﺪﻳُﻞ َأْرَﺑ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎﻗِﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﱢﻜﻦ َأﺣَﺪﻫﺎ ﻣِﻦ َ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻐَﻠَﺒﺔ َﻋَﻠﻰ َ‬ ‫َُ ُ َ َ َ‬
‫ﺎر َوَﺗْﻘِﻮَﻳُﺘُﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻣْﻨُﻊ اﻷَْﺷَﺮِار َوَﺗْﺄِدُﻳﺒُﻬْﻢ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺰْﺟِﺮ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ اﻷَْﺧَﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـ اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﻲ‪َ :‬ﺗْﻌﻈ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸْﺮُع‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻘْﺘُﻞ َﻓ َﻼ‪ ،‬إِﱠﻻ َﻣﺎ َأَﻣَﺮ ﺑِِﻪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮ‪َ .‬وَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬ ‫ﺲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛﻢ َ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻗﻄ ِﻊ َآﻟﺔ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤْﺒ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑِْﺎﻟﺘَِﺰِام‬ ‫ﺎت‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﺘَﻴﱠﺴُﺮ َذﻟ َِﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮاﻣ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮْزق َو َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘْﺴِﻮَﻳُﺔ َﺑْﻴَﻨُﻬْﻢ ﻓﻲ ﱢ‬
‫ﺚ‪ :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ـ اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔْﻜِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄِﺮﻳِﻖ‪َ ،‬وُﻣَﺪَاوَﻣُﺔ‬‫ﻮر‪َ ،‬وَأْﻣُﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺜُﻐ ِ‬ ‫ﺎب‪َ ،‬وِﺣْﻔُﻆ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﱠﺠ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮ ِع‪ ،‬وﺳﻬ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮﻟﺔ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ ْ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ات‪ ،‬وﻣَﺸ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﱠﺬ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﻬﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎوَرة ُأوﻟﻲ َ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﻘ ِﻞ َو ﱡ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫َوَﺗْﺮُك ﱠ‬

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‫اﻟﻤ َﻼَزَﻣُﺔ ﺑِ َﻼ إِْﻣ َﻼٍل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻢ‪ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫ﻮك َﻓﻌَﻠﻴِﻪ َﻏﺎﻳُﺔ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘْﻌﻈ ِ َ ْ‬
‫اﻻﻣﺘَﺜُﺎل‪َ ،‬و ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤْﻤُﻠ ُ َ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺮْﻓُﻖ ﻓِﻲ َﺗْﻐﻴِِﻴﺮ َرْأﻳِِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘْﺰﻳِﻴﻦ واﻟﻤْﺪح َﻟﻪ‪ ،‬إِﱠﻻ َذا اﻟﻤْﻨِﺰَﻟِﺔ ﻓِﻲ َ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺨْﻠَﻮة‪َ ،‬و ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو ﱠ ُ َ َ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻹَﻳﺜُﺎر َﻟُﻪ ﺑُِﻜﱢﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﻋِﺔ ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺘْﻬَﻤِﺔ َو ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺎب َأْرَﺑ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن ِﻷَﺳﺮِارِه‪ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎب ﱡ‬ ‫اﺟﺘَﻨ ُ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َواﻟﻜْﺘَﻤ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ص‪.‬‬‫اﻟﺤْﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﱟﻆ‪ ،‬واﻟﻤﻮَاﻓَﻘُﺔ ﻓِﻲ ُﻛﱢﻞ َﺷﻲٍء‪ ،‬وَﺗﺮُك ِ‬
‫ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َ َُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫وﻻِن‪َ ،‬وْﻟَﻴْﺠَﻌْﻠُﻬَﻤﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِزَﻳﻨﺘِِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫َوْﻟَﻴْﻨَﺘِﻔْﻊ ﺑِِﻪ َﻻ ﻣِْﻨُﻪ‪َ ،‬وْﻟُﻴْﻈِﻬْﺮ َأﱠن َﻣَﺎﻟُﻪ َوَدَﻣُﻪ َﻣْﺒُﺬ َ‬
‫ﺺ ِ ِﺑﻪ َوﺑَِﺄْﻣَﺜﺎﻟ ِِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳْﺨَﺘ ﱡ‬
‫وَﻻ ﻳَﺸ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎرُﻛُﻪ ﻓ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫وﻟﻴﺘﺤﺒﺐ ِ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َوْﻟَﻴَﺘَﺤﱠﺮْز ﻣْﻨُﻪ ﻋْﻨَﺪ َﻏَﻀﺒِﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ َﻳْﺸَﺘﻜﻲ ﻣْﻨُﻪ َوَﻻ ﻓﻲ َﺿﻤِﻴﺮه‪ َ َ َ ْ َ ،‬ﱠ ْ ْ‬
‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺨْﺪَﻣِﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِْن َﺟَﻌَﻠُﻪ َأًﺧﺎ َﺟَﻌَﻠُﻪ َرﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑَِﺘﻮاﺻ ِﻞ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫وْﻟﻴَﺘﻮﱠق َﻋﻦ ُﺧﺼﻮﻣِِﻪ ﺑِﺎﻻﺳﺘَِﻘﺎﻣِﺔ‪ ،‬وَﻻ ﻳْﻀَﻄِﺮب ﺑِﻤﺎ ﻳَﻘُﺎل ﻓِ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ َﻳْﺪُﺧُﻞ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎ َﻳْﺴُﺘُﺮُه َﻋْﻨُﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ ُﻳَﺴﱠﺎر ﺑَِﺤْﻀَﺮﺗِِﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﻻ َﻳْﻄُﻠ ِ‬‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻘﱡﺪَم َﻋَﻠﻰ اﻷَْﻗَﺪﻣ َ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓ َ‬
‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ اﻷَْﻣَﺜُﺎل َﻓَﺜَﻼَﺛٌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﻳﺪارﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳﻬ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﻬﱡﺶ َﻣَﻌُﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﺘَﻌﱠﻬُﺪ‬ ‫ﺎد ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ :‬ﻓُﻴْﺤﺴُﻦ إَِﻟْﻴِﻬْﻢ‪َ ُ َ ْ ِ ِ َ ُ َ ،‬‬ ‫ـ اﻷَْﺻﺪَﻗ ُ‬
‫ﺎوُز َﻋْﻦ ُذُﻧﻮﺑِِﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وُﻳِﻘﱡﻞ ِﻋَﺘَﺎﺑُﻬْﻢ إِﱠﻻ‬ ‫ﺎوُﻧُﻬْﻢ َوُﻳَﻜﺎﻓَِﻴُﻬْﻢ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺨْﻴِﺮ‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﺘَﺠ َ‬ ‫ُﻣَﺘَﻌﱠﻠِﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻴﻬْﻢ َوُﻳَﻌ ِ‬

‫اﻟﻤَﺎل ﻣِْﻨُﻬْﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘْﺼ َﻼَح‪َ ،‬وَﻳْﻜﺘُﻢ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺴﱠﺮ َو َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫إَِذا َﺗَﻴﱠﻘَﻦ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺤِﻘِﻴﻘﱡﻲ َﻓَﻴْﺴُﻘُﻂ َﻣَﻌُﻪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻜﱡﻠ ُ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺼِﺪِﻳﻖ َ‬
‫اﻟﻐْﻴِﺮ َ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﱢﻲ‪َ ،‬وَأﱠﻣﺎ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻫَﺬا ُﻛﱡﻠُﻪ ﻓﻲ ﱠ‬
‫َ ِﱠ ُ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ َﻧْﻔُﺴُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬وﻳْﺸُﻜﻮﻫﻢ إَِﻟﻰ اﻟﺮَؤﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ﻟ َِﻴْﻌِﺮُﻓﻮا‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫َواﻷَْﻋَﺪُاء‪َ :‬ﻳْﻌُﻔﻮ َﻋْﻨُﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وُﻳَﺪِار ِ ْ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﻋﻦ َﻋَﺰاﺋﻤْﻬﻢ َوَﻣَﻌﺎﻳِﺒِِﻬْﻢ َوُﻳْﺨﻔ َ‬
‫ﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮن َﻗْﻮَﻟُﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻳَﺘَﺠﱠﺴُﺲ َ ْ‬
‫َﻋَﺪَاوَﺗُﻬْﻢ َوَﻻ َﻳْﻘَﺒُﻠ َ‬
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‫اﻟﻔِﻀَﻴﻠِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴْﺒِﻖ َﻋَﻠْﻴِﻬْﻢ ﻓِﻲ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌْﺪَل‪َ ،‬وُﻳَﺨﺎﻟُﻂ ُﺧَﻠَﻄَﺎءُﻫْﻢ َﻻ َﻛ ﱠ‬ ‫َوُﻳ َﻼِزُم ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺼْﺪَق َو َ‬
‫ﺎﺷﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸْﺘُﻢ َﻓَﺤ َ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻤَﺎﺗُﺔ َو ﱠ‬ ‫َوَأﱠﻣﺎ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻄْﻌُﻦ َو ﱠ‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘَِﻨ ِ‬
‫ﺎب ُﺛﱠﻢ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺳﺘْﺼ َﻼ ِح ُﺛﱠﻢ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻋَﺘَﻤَﺪ َﻋَﻠْﻴِﻪ َﻻ َﻳُﺨ ُ‬
‫ﻮﻧُﻪ‪َ ،‬وَﻳْﺪَﻓُﻊ َﺿَﺮَرُﻫْﻢ ﺑِ ْ‬ ‫َوإَِذا ْ‬
‫اﻟﻘْﻬِﺮ ﺑِ َﻼ ُﻇْﻠٍﻢ َوَﻻ َرِذَﻳﻠٍﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻜﱡﺒُﺮ َﻣَﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻜﱢﻞ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬‫اﻟﻤْﺤَﻀِﺮ َﻣَﻊ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮْﻓُﺪ‪َ ،‬وُﺣْﺴُﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫ف‪َ ،‬ﻓَﻴِﺠ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ُ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫اﻟﻔَﻀ َﻼِء‪،‬‬
‫ﺎدُة ﻣَِﻦ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘَﻔ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ِح‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﺼَﺤﺎء َوَأْﻫ ِﻞ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤَﺘَﻜﱢﺒِﺮ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻛَﺮُام ﱡ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻤ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻔَﻘُﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻦ َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻳﺐ َأْﺧ َﻼق ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺘَﻌﱢﻠﻤ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﺗْﻬﺬ ُ‬‫ﺎل َواﻟﺨْﺪَﻣﺔ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻋَﺪُﺗُﻬْﻢ ﺑِ َ‬‫َوُﻣَﺴ َ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻌَﻔ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ إِﱠﻻ إَِذا َأَﻟﱠﺢ َأْو َﻃِﻤَﻊ َﻏْﻴَﺮ ُﻣْﺤَﺘ ٍ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﺎج‪َ ،‬وَرْﺣَﻤُﺔ ﱡ َ‬ ‫َﻋَﻠْﻴِﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِْﻋَﻄُﺎء ﱠ‬
‫ﺎزي‬ ‫ات ﻣَِﻦ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﺎس ﻣﺎ َأﻣَﻜﻦ‪ ،‬وُﻟُﺰوم اﻟﻌﺎد ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨ ِ َ ْ َ َ ُ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎن إَِﻟْﻴِﻬْﻢ‪َ ،‬وَﻗَﻀُﺎء َﺣَﻮِاﺋ ِﺞ ﱠ‬ ‫َو ِ‬
‫اﻹْﺣَﺴ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻐﱢﻢ ﻟ َِﻐﱢﻤِﻬْﻢ ﺑَِﺤْﻴُﺚ َﻻ َﻳْﺨُﺮُج‬
‫اﻟﻔَﺮ ِح ﻟ َِﻔَﺮِﺣِﻬْﻢ َو َ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﺎد ِ‬
‫ات‪َ ،‬وإِْﻇَﻬُﺎر َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫و ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻬﺎﻧﻲ َو َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎق‪.‬‬‫اﻟﻨَﻔ ِ‬
‫إَِﻟﻰ َﺣﱢﺪ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎق‪َ ،‬وﻳَﺸﺮَﻓَﻨﺎ ﺑُِﺤﺴِﻦ اﻷَْﺧ َﻼِق‪ ،‬ﺑِﺎﻟﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻨَﻔ ِ‬
‫اﷲ َأْﺳَﺄُل َأْن ُﻳَﺠﱢﻨَﺒَﻨﺎ َﻋِﻦ ﱢ‬
‫ﱠ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫اﷲ َﻋَﻠْﻴِﻪ َوآﻟ ِِﻪ َﻣﺎ ُﺗﻠَِﻴْﺖ َآﻳُﺔ‬ ‫ﺲ َو َ ِ‬
‫اﻵﻓﺎق‪َ ،‬ﺻﱠﻠﻰ ُ‬ ‫ﻳﻌِﺔ اﻷَْﻧُﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﻮر َﺷِﺮ َ‬ ‫ﻮر ﺑُِﻨ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﻨ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻷَْﺧ َﻼِق‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ َُ ُ َ‬
‫ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻷو ‪ ِ :‬ا ﻈِﺮي ِﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺨُﻠِﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫َِْ ُ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ُ‬
‫ُﻗَﻮى اﻟﻨﱠْﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺲ ﺛﻼث‪:‬‬
‫ﱡ ُْ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬

‫َواﻟ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﻐﻀﺐ‬
‫َ ﱠ َُْ‬
‫واﻟﺸﻬﻮة‬
‫ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎء ﱢ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻫﻦ‬ ‫ـ َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺟﻮدة َ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ـ َ ْ َُ‬

‫ـ ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺘَﺼﱡﻮِر‬
‫ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﱠ َ ﱡ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ـ ُ ُ َُ‬
‫ـ ِْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻔﻆ‬

‫ـ ﱢ ُْ‬
‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻛﺒ ُﺮ ﱠ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ـ َ‬

‫‪18‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻬﱠﻤِﺔ‬
‫ـ ِﻋَﻈُﻢ ِ‬

‫اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ـ اﻟﻨﱠْﺠَﺪُة‬
‫ِ‬
‫ـ ُْ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻠﻢ‬
‫ـ ﱡ ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺿ ُﻊ‬
‫ـ ﱠَ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻬَﺎﻣُﺔ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ـ ْ َِ ُ‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬
‫ـ َ ِﱠُ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ـ ﱢﱠُ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺎء‬
‫ـ ََ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺪَﻋُﺔ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻨَﺰَاﻫُﺔ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ـ ََ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮَﻗُﺎر‬
‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮْﻓُﻖ‬
‫ـ ﱢ‬

‫‪19‬‬
 ‫ـ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺴﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ ﱠ ْ‬
‫اﻟﻮَرُع‬
‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘ َِﻈُﺎم‬
‫ـ ْ‬
‫ﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺴَﺨ ُ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺨﺎء‪:‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ـ أﻧﻮاع‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟﻜَﺮُم‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻹَﻳﺜُﺎر‬‫ِ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻨْﺒُﻞ‬
‫‪ ‬ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﻮَاﺳُﺎة‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺎﺣُﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴَﻤ َ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻤَﺴَﺎﻣَﺤُﺔ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ـ ﱠ َ َُ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺔ‬
‫ـ اﻷُْﻟَﻔُﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮَﻓ ُ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ـ َ‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻮﱡدُد‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻤَﻜَﺎﻓَﺄُة‬
‫ـ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺸْﺮَﻛِﺔ‬
‫ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ ﱢ‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻘَﻀ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‬ ‫ـ ُﺣْﺴُﻦ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮِﺣِﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـ ﺻَﻠُﺔ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺸَﻔَﻘُﺔ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ـ ِ‬
‫اﻹْﺻَﻼُح‬
‫اﻟﺘَﻮﱡﻛُﻞ‬
‫ـ ﱠ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬‫ـ ﱠ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺘْﺴﻠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ‬
‫ـ ﱢ‬
‫ﺎدُة‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ـ اﻟﻌﺒَ َ‬
‫َْ َ َ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻷﺧﻼق واﻛ ِ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِﻴﺔ‪ِ ِ ِ :‬‬

‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻷﻣﺮاض ُ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻴﺔ وﻃﺮق ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻴﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ـ َ َْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﻞ َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ـ َ ْ ُ‬

‫اﻟﺠﻬ ُﻞ ُ َ ﱠ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫ـ َ ْ‬
‫ـ َ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ـ َ ْ َ ُ‬
‫واﻻﻓﺘﺨﺎر‬

‫‪21‬‬
 ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺮاء َ ﱠ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻠﺠﺎج‬ ‫ـ َ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫واﻻﺳﺘﻬﺰاء‬ ‫ِ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺰاح َ ْ ْ َ ُ‬
‫ـ َ َ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻀﻴﻢ‬ ‫ـ َ َْ ُ‬
‫واﻟﻐﺪر َ ﱠ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻫﺮِ‬ ‫وﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ َ َ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻦ َ َ‬ ‫ـ َ ََ ُ َ ُ ُ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ َ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺒﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ـ ُُْ‬
‫واﻟﺨﻮف‬
‫ـ َ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ـ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺤْﺮُص‪:‬‬
‫ـ َ َ َُ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺰن‬
‫ـ ُ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺴﺪ‬
‫ـ َ َ ُ‬
‫ـ ِْ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺒﻄﺔ‬

‫ـ ﱠَ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻤﻊ‬
‫ـ ُِْ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻘﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ـ َ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺬب‬
‫َ َ َْ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ا ﻤ ِ ِل‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ا ﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺎ ِ ﺔ‪ِ ِ :‬‬
‫* ﺍﻷَﻭ‪‬ﻝﹸ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﹶﺎﻝﹸ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎﻥِ‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
 ‫ﳋﺪ‪‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻟِﺚﹸ‪ :‬ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫* ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍﺑِﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮ‪ ‬ﹶﻟﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ُ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫ََ َُ‬
‫ﻤﺪن‬
‫ﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪ ِ :‬ﺗﺪ ِ ِ ا ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟـﻤﻘﺎﻟ‬
‫َ ِ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫َ ُْ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮك‬
‫ََْ ُ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫‪23‬‬