Flow metering device

Outline:
1. Review apparatus description and overall procedure.
2. Measure, calculate, or obtain the quantities asked for in the included tables or
graphs.
3. Plot the data as instructed on the included graphs.
4. Discuses the results of the experiment.
Apparatus:
1) Water pumping table with weighting device to find the mass rate of
flow.
2) Venturi tube with known area variation and manometer taps for finding
the pressure distribution. Venturi pressure and flow is controlled by
supply and out let valves. Backpressure for the manometers is
controlled by an air bleed valve on the manifold.
*Direct measurement:
by controlling water in a weighting device for a given length of time, the
volume flow rate can be determined from:
Qexp = W/ρgt [m³ /s]
Where: W=weight of the water collected.
t= time to collect
g=gravity
ρ=density of water.
*Theoretical prediction:
Bernoulli’s equation a long center streamline:
[
P1+ρgh1+0.5ρV²1 = Pn +ρgh n +0.5ρV²n ] 1< n<11
Incompressible continuity equation:
A1V1 =AnVn = Q =Qideal
Manometer equations:
P1 + ρgh1 = P1’ + ρgh1’
Pn + ρgh n = Pn’ + ρgh n’
Q ideal={A1/[(A1²/An²)-1]¯½ *[2g(h1’ – hn’)] ¯½

Qexp= CQ ideal
3)the purpose if the second part of the experiment is to compare the measured
pressure distribution with that predicted by the Bernoulli’s equation.
[ (h1’ - hn’) ideal ] / (V1²/2g ) =[ A1² /An²] – 1
where (h1’ - hn’) represents a pressure distribution and V1 is calculated from
Qexp=A1V1.
 DATA:

Pressures are in mm H 2O
Mass =6KG =6Lit.
Time P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11
(sec)
13.5 250 250 170 50 65 135 175 205 220 230 240
215 235 230 165 74 87 140 170 192 207 215 220
17 220 215 165 89 99 143 168 186 194 200 205
22 184 180 150 104 109 135 152 160 170 172 176

Sample calculation:
Q exp =(6*9.81) / (1000*9.81*13.5)
=4.45*10^-6[m³ /s]
Q ideal=[0.5065/0.695][2*9.81*0.05]^0.5
=0.945[m³ /s]
Cven= 1039(Qven/(h1-h2)^0.5)
=(1039)(0.945)/(0.05)^2=0.42091
Csudd=1039[22.17*10^-6/(0.003)^0.5]
=04205
C ori=1039(85.58*10^-6)/(0.045)^0.5
=0142063
Qexp[m³ /s] Cven C sud Cori
4.45*10^-6 0.42091 0.420556 0.42063
21.08*10^-6 0.42061 0.420557 0.42062
25.65*10^-6 0.42016 0.420533 0.4056
30.11*10^-6 0.4199 0.420511 0.4050
36.03*10^-6 0.4222 0.42037 0.4210
 Discussion:
*This figure shows the distribution of the pressure along al the different points in
the venturi
.

pressure distribution

300

250

200
pressure

150

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
tube

*We can see that the maximum pressure is at the ends of the curve which is the
maximum area of the venturi and that the minimum pressure occurs at the middle
of the curve where is the area is the smallest area in the venturi.

* different venturi meter gives the same value of C.

*Sources of errors:
- Human error in measuring
- Errors due to calculations.
- The exact weight of water is not same in every time
- There was a small pulp in the tubes.

Conclusion:
*The distribution of pressure is different along the venturi diffuser & the orifice
depends on the position at which we take the data.
*The coefficient c does not have any variation between any experiment (different
times).
*The value of C is about 0.4206 for each of venturi ,sudden ,and orifice.
 5.00E-05
4.50E-05
4.00E-05
5.00E-03
3.50E-05
4.50E-03
4.00E-03 3.00E-05

Q orrifce
3.50E-03 2.50E-05 Series1
3.00E-03 2.00E-05
Q exp

2.50E-03 Series1
1.50E-05
2.00E-03
1.50E-03 1.00E-05
1.00E-03 5.00E-06
5.00E-04 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.42063 0.42062 0.4056 0.405 0.421
0.42091 0.42061 0.42016 0.4199 0.4222
Q exp
Q ven

5.00E-05
4.50E-05
4.00E-05
3.50E-05
3.00E-05
Qsudden

2.50E-05 Series1
2.00E-05
1.50E-05
1.00E-05
5.00E-06
0.00E+00
0.42056 0.42056 0.42053 0.42051 0.42037
Q exp