Task 2 - Electromagnetic waves in bounded open media

Individual work format

Víctor Alfonso Bermúdez Cuartas

Group 203058_45
c.c. 1.061.625.885

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2020 16-04
 Exercises development

Activity
Questions: (write with your own words)
1. What are the modes of propagation of electromagnetic waves?
• Direct propagation.
• Propagation by ground plane reflection.
• Propagation by atmospheric reflection.
• Propagation by satellite broadcast.
• Propagation through microwave links.
• Propagation by multiple reflection.
2. What is the phenomenon of total reflection of an electromagnetic wave?
A//This phenomenon occurs when a wave is fully reflected in a medium
but 180 ° out of phase.
3. What is the phenomenon of total refraction of an electromagnetic wave?
A// It is the phenomenon in which there is zero reflection and therefore
the entire electromagnetic wave is refracted.
4. What is the purpose of Snell's Law in the study of the propagation of
waves?
A // The purpose of Snell's Law is to find the OEM angle of refraction.
Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the
group number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
2
+¿=120 mW /m ¿
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =¿ MHz and P1 , incident from the air
(η1 =120 π Ω), perpendicular to an infinite wall with an intrinsic impedance
η2=(CCC +10) Ω. Calculate the reflected power P1 and the transmitted power
−¿ ¿

2 to the wall.
P+¿¿

Figure 1: Propagation of “normal wave” in infinite medium.

Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: according to the concept of power, explain the meaning of
−¿ ¿ +¿¿
the value obtained for P1 and P2 .

Para mi caso los valores son:

Group: 45
¿=45
Identification number: 1.061.625.885
CCC=885
So the problem data are:
f =45 MHz
2
mW /m ¿
P+¿=120
1

(η1 =120 π Ω)

η2= ( 885+10 ) Ω=895 Ω

P−¿=? ¿
1

P+¿=? ¿
2

The reflection coefficient is calculated:

η2−η1 895 Ω−120 πΩ
Γ= = =0.76
η2+ η1 895 Ω+120 πΩ

Checking in Geogebra:

The reflectance is:

2
R=|Γ| =0.762=58.3 %

Checking in Geogebra:
Transmittance:
T =1−R=41.7 %
Checking in Geogebra:

The reflected power:

¿
The transmitted power:
¿
Checking in Geogebra:

Checker:
 2
+¿=120 mW /m ¿
2. An electromagnetic wave of f =¿ MHz and P1 , coming from a wave
generator located 12 cm from the wall, which impinges from the air
( η1 =120 π Ω )perpendicularly on a wall with an intrinsic impedance
η2=(CCC +10) Ω and 20 cm thick. The wall is made of a non-magnetic and non-
dissipative material. On the other side of the wall is a receiver located 20cm
away.

Figure 2: Propagation of “normal wave” in finite medium.

a. Calculate the coefficient of reflection Ґ and transmission τ seen by the
generator.
b. Determine in [%] and [mW /m2 ]the power Pt that is transmitted to the
receiver.
Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning of
the value obtained for Ґ , τ and Pt .

The data are:

f =45 MHz
2
mW /m ¿
P+¿=120
1

x=20 cm
η1=120 π Ω

η2= ( 885+10 ) Ω=895 Ω

We first calculate the phase constant:
ω η0
β=
C0 η

2 π∗45∗106∗376.991 Ω
β= =0.39698
3∗108 m/s( 895 Ω)

Comprobando en Geogebra:

Checking in Geogebra:
η2+ j η1 tan( βx)
η¿ =η1
η1+ j η2 tan( βx)

376.991 Ω+ j895 tan ( 0.39698 ( 0.2 ) )

η¿ =895 Ω =(378.95+58.51 j)Ω
895 Ω+ j 376.991Ω tan ( 0.39698 ( 0.2 ) )

Checking in Geogebra:

The reflection coefficient is calculated:

η¿−ηaire (378.95+58.51 j)Ω−376.991 Ω
Γ= = =(0.00853+ 0.0767401 j)Ω
η¿ +η aire (378.95+ 58.51 j)Ω+376.991 Ω

Checking in Geogebra:
The transmittance is calculated on face 1

T =1−|T 2|

T =1−|−0.07674016016812|=0.9941∗100=99.41 %

It is calculated in Geogebra:

The reflection coefficient on the second face of the wall is calculated:

ηaire−η pared 376.991 Ω−895 Ω
Γ= =
ηaire + η pared ¿¿

Checking with Geogebra:

The transmittance is calculated on face 2

T =1−|T 2|

T =1−|−0.4072426613081 2|=0.8341∗100=83.41 %

Checking with Geogebra:

Finally, the transmitted power in the receiver is calculated:

T T =T 1∗T 2
T T =0.9941∗0.8341=0.8292∗100=82.92%

Checking with Geogebra:

3. An electromagnetic wave propagates through several media as shown in the

graph.

Figure 3: Propagation of “oblique wave” in finite media.

Initially the ray travels through the ice layer striking the air layer at point B,
forming an angle of θa =44,9 ° . Using Snell's Law, calculate step by step the total
path of the wave to determine the value of "d". Note that each layer is
(CCC +10)mm thick and that at point C there is a total refractive effect, so it is
necessary to identify which material is in layer 3 by calculating its refractive
index.
Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific

Application example

Example:

Video link

URL:

References

Reference 1:

Examples of reference formats:

Physical book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). City,
Country: Editorial.

Chapter of a physical book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial.

EBook.
Surname, A. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). Country: Editorial.
Retrieved from http: // ...

Chapter of an electronic book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of
the book (pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...

Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video Video server [Video]. Retrieved from
http: // ...