NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
LECTURE ACTIVITIES NO. 4
Name: Yda Maxine Palma
I. INTRODUCTION
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance
surrounding them.
II. ACCOMPLISH THE ACTIVITY TABLE 1.
GUIDE QUESTIONS
4.01A. Describe the general makeup of a
tissue.
4.02A. List and explain the general
characteristics of epithelial tissue.
4.02B. Classify epithelial tissues based on
the number of cell layers and the
shape of the cells.
4.02C. Name and describe the various
types of epithelial tissue, including their
chief functions and locations.
TISSUES
Section: Section 17 Date Submitted: 9/26/2020
ANSWERS
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and
function that have similar extracellular substances
located between them
Epithelial tissue covers surfaces. It usually has a
basement membrane, little extracellular material,
and no blood vessels.
-Not highly vascularized- not a lot of blood flow, so
very thin and dies easily
-Polar- has apical and basal ends
-Communication- tight junctions, desmosomes, gap
junctions
-Specializations of apical surface- like cilia, microvilli
-Always connected to connective tissue- via
basement membrane
-Tightly packed membranes- very little extracellular
space, matrix
Simple (single layer of cells)- squamous, cuboidal,
columnar
Stratified (more than one layer of cells)- squamous
(nonkeratinized, keratinized), cuboidal (rare),
columnar (rare)
Pseudostratified (modification of simple) – columnar
Transitional (modification of stratified)- roughly
cuboidal to columnar when not stretched and
squamouslike when stretched
(a) Simple Squamous epithelium
Structure:
Single layer of flat, often
hexagonal cells; the nuclei
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Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
appear as bumps when viewed
in cross section because the
cells are so flat
Function:
Diffusion, filtration, some
secretion, and some protection
against friction
location:
Lining of blood vessels and the
heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli
of the lungs, portions of the
kidney tubules, lining of serous
membranes of body cavities
(pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
(b) Simple Cuboidal epithelium
Structure:
Single layer of cube-shaped
cells; some cells have microvilli
(kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal
bronchioles of the lungs)
Function:
Secretion and absorption by
cells of the kidney tubules;
secretion by cells of glands and
choroid plexuses; movement of
particles embedded in mucus
out of the terminal bronchioles
by ciliated cells
location:
Kidney tubules, glands and
their ducts, choroid plexuses
of the brain, lining of terminal
bronchioles of the lungs, and
surfaces of the ovaries
(c) Simple Columnar epithelium
Structure:
Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia
(bronchioles of lungs,
auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and
uterus) or microvilli (intestines)
Function:
Movement of particles out of the
bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
4.02D. Relate the structural
specializations of epithelial tissue
with the functions they perform.
cells; partially responsible for the
movement of oocytes through
the uterine tubes by ciliated cells;
secretion by cells of the glands,
the stomach, and the intestine;
absorption by cells of the intestine
location:
Glands and some ducts,
bronchioles of lungs,
auditory tubes, uterus,
uterine tubes, stomach,
intestines, gallbladder, bile
ducts, and ventricles of
the brain
(d) Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium
Structure:
Single layer of cells; some
cells are tall and thin and reach the
free surface, and others do not; the
nuclei of these cells are at different
levels and appear stratified; the cells
are almost always ciliated and are
associated with goblet cells that
secrete mucus onto the free surface
Function:
Synthesize and secrete mucus onto
the free surface and move mucus
(or fluid) that contains foreign
particles over the surface of the
free surface and from passages
location:
Lining of nasal cavity,
nasal sinuses, auditory
tubes, pharynx, trachea,
and bronchi of lungs
The structural specialization of the epithelial tissues
are important for they determine the function they
are best suited for. Simple epithelium, found in
organs has its primary function to move materials.
While stratified will hinder this, it instead is well
adapted for a protective function. Or for like the
pseudostratified which is best for cleaning functions.
©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
4.02E. Differentiate between exocrine and Exocrine glands have ducts but endocrine glands
endocrine glands, and unicellular and don’t and they empty their secretions into the blood.
multicellular The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such
as goblet cells, found in the mucous membranes of
the small and large intestine. Whilst, the
multicellular exocrine glands known as
serous glands develop from simple epithelium to
form a secretory surface that secretes directly into an
inner cavity.
4.02F. Categorize glands based on their Exocrine glands- can be simple, tubular, or
structure and function. compound (structure) or (according to their secretion
mechanism) Merocine glands, Apocrine glands,
Holocrine glands.

4.03A. Describe the classification of Connective tissue proper

connective tissue and give Loose (fewer fibers, more ground substance)
examples of each major type. Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense (more fibers, less ground substance)
Dense, regular collagenous
Dense, regular elastic
Dense, irregular collagenous
Dense, irregular elastic
Supporting connective tissue
Cartilage (semisolid matrix)
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Bone (solid matrix)
Spongy
Compact
Fluid connective tissue
Blood
Hemopoietic Tissue
Red marrow
Yellow marrow
4.04A. Discuss the three types of muscle Skeletal muscle-appear striated, cells are large, long,
tissue by describing their general and cylindrical, with many nuclei. Their function is
structures, their locations in the body, and voluntary movement. They are attached to bone or
their functions. other connective tissue.
Cardiac muscle- cylindrical and striated, single
nucleus, branched and connected by intercalated

©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
4.05A. Describe the functions of nervous
tissue and the structure of a
neuron.
4.06A. List the structural and functional
characteristics of mucous, serous,
and synovial membranes.
4.07A. Describe the process of
inflammation in response to tissue
damage and explain how
4.08A. Explain the major events involved
in tissue repair.
4.09A. Describe the age-related changes
that occur in cells and in extracellular
matrix.
disks which contain gap junctions. Function is to
pump blood under involuntary control. Located in the
heart only.
Smooth muscle- tapered at each end, not striated,
single nucleus. Function is it regulates size of organs,
forces fluid through tubes, controls amount of light
entering the eye, etc. involuntarily. Located in hollow
organs.
Nervous tissue forms the brain, spinal cord, and
nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and
controlling various body activities. Neurons are
composed of a cell body with the nucleus, dendrites
and axons.
Mucous- line cavities that open to the outside of the
body, function as protection, absorption, and
secretion.
Serous- consist of simple squamous epithelium
resting on a delicate layer of loose connective tissue.
Function is lubrication to prevent abrasion.
Synovial- made up of only connective tissue. Reduces
friction and allows smooth movement.
Inflammation occurs when tissues are damaged. It
mobilizes the body’s defenses and isolates and
destroys microorganisms, foreign materials, and
damaged cells so that tissue repair can commence.
Tissue repair is the substitution of viable cells for
dead cells. It can occur either by regeneration or by
fibrosis. Involves clot formation, inflammation, the
formation of granulation tissue, and regeneration or
fibrosis of tissues.
Cells divide more slowly as people age. Extracellular
matrix containing collagen and elastic fibers becomes
less flexible and less elastic. Injuries heal more slowly.
©
Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
III. CONCLUSION: Make general statement (Maximum of three sentences on what you have
learned on this activity.

The tissue level is much more complex and significant than we realize. It helps in a lot of bodily
functions and we must prevent it from being inflamed or damaged because it fills up such an
important role.

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Biofacultymember2020