Final Control Elements

(actuators)
 Final Control Elements
At the end of this session, you should be able to:

 Enumerate final control elements (actuators)

 Define Control Valve
 Enumerate the three kinds of control valves according
to the kind of actuator
 Identify the two major parts a typical control valve
 Differentiate Direct from a Reverse acting control
valve
 Explain the “Fail-Safe” position of a control valve
 Identify the parts of a control valve body
 Describe the principle of operation of three way
valves
 Describe the principle of operation of a pneumatic
positioner
 Define what is meant by “valve flow characteristics”
 Differentiate the three most common valve flow
characteristics:
 Linear
 Quick Opening
 Equal Percentage
Variable speed motors
 Control Valve

 A pressure dissipating device that manipulates a

flowing fluid, such as gas, steam, water, or
chemical compounds, to compensate for the load
disturbance and keep the regulated process
variable as close as possible to the desired set
point.
Kinds of Control Valves
There are three kinds of control valves classified
according to the kind of actuator:

1. Electric Valve
2. Hydraulic Valve
3. Pneumatic Valve
 Diaphragm Control Valve
Diaphragm

Stem guide

Actuator Multiple springs, for better valve travel

characteristics. (Large area diaphragm
chamber and heavy springs minimize
hysterisis.)

Spring adjustment screw

Valve travel indicator

Stuffing box

Packing

Bonnet

Valve Plug. (Double seat port,

Valve
quick-opening and parabolic
Body shown.)

Double Seat, Diaphragm Actuated Control Valve (Air To Close – Fails Open)
Reverse and Direct Actuators
Reverse and Direct Valves
Failure Mode
Diaphragm Actuator
Typical Actuator and Valve
Diaphragm Actuator
Valve Body
alve Body Construction
 Three-way Valves

Diverting Mixing
A schematic of the motion balance pneumatic positioner reveals how it
operates
Control Valve with Positioner
 Valve Flow Characteristics

Valve Flow Characteristics

 relationship between percent valve travel (or valve lift) against percentage flow
Valve Plugs
Valve Plugs