normal stress 1.428 kg 2.844 4.

272
𝜀
deform dial deform (cm) unit strain, STRAIN % cross-section load dail load kg =load shear stress load dail load kg shear stress load dail load kg shear stress
reading 0.001*dial deform/ unit area A(sq cm) reading dail*5*0.345 =load kg/area reading =load =load kg/area reading =load =load kg/area
reading length of strain*100% =Area/(1+unit dail*5*0.345 dail*5*0.345
spacement

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normal shear
stress stress

1.428

2.844

4.272

C kg/sq cm