BCS Preliminary (Special)

welqt evsjv fvlv-02

(cÖ‡qvM, AccÖ‡qvM, evbvb I evK¨ ïw× aŸwb, eY©)
 evsjv e¨vKiY
evsjv evbvb ixwZ, cÖ‡qvM I Ac-cÖ‡qvM

ïw×KiY evsjv e¨vKi‡Yi GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ask| e¯‘Z evsjv evbvb c×wZ †gvUvgywU RwUj| KviY Avgv‡`i eY©gvjvq Ggb KZK¸‡jv aŸwb i‡q‡Q
hv‡`i D”PvwiZ iƒc GK I Awfbœ| myZivs evbvb wjL‡Z †M‡j weåvwšÍ NUvi m¤¢vebvB †ewk| †hgbÑ B, C, D, E, k, m, l, b, Y, o, p, R, S
BZ¨vw` aŸwb¸‡jvi MVbMZ wfbœZv _vK‡jI D”Pvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| A_P ÔAskÕ Ges ÔAsmÕ Gi g‡a¨ A‡_©i cv_©K¨
my¯úó| ZvB evbvb m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vKv fvlv e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î AZ¨vek¨K|
evsjv GKv‡Wwg 1992 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m evsjv evbvb‡K wbqwgZ Awfbœ I cÖwgZ Kivi e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i GKwU wbqg `uvo Kwi‡qwQ‡jb|
hvi ÔcwigvwR©Z I ms‡kvwaZÕ ms¯‹iY Zviv 1994-Gi Rvbyqvwi‡Z cÖKvk K‡ib| wb‡gœ evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖ¯ÍvweZ wbq‡gi Av‡jv‡K ¸i”Z¡c~Y©
wKQz evbvb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:

1. `y/`~: `-Gi mv‡_ D-Kvi ( y ) nq, E-KviI nq Z‡e B”QvgZ nq bv, wbqg gZ nq| wbqgwU wbgœiƒc:
†bwZevPK A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡j A_v©r wbK…ó ev Lvivc A_© †evSv‡j `y-Gi mv‡_ D-Kvi ( y ) nq| †hgbÑ `ybx©wZ, `ybv©g, `y`©kv, `ytL, `ye©j, `yišÍ,
`yw`©b BZ¨vw`|
Aci w`‡K Distance ev e¨eavb A‡_© `-Gi mv‡_ E-Kvi ( ~ ) nq| †hgbÑ `~i `~ivšÍ, `~i †`k, `~ieZx©, `~ivjvcbx, `~i`k©b, `~ixf~Z,
`~ifvl, `~iexÿv, `~ikÖyZ, `~i`kx© BZ¨vw`|
e¨wZµg: `~lY, `~wlZ, `~lYxq k㸇jv E-Kvi ( ~ ) w`‡q| †bwZevPK A‡_© D-Kvi nIqvi K_v wQj| wKš‘ G¸‡jv E-Kvi ( ~ ) w`‡q n‡q‡Q|
`y-w`‡q AviI wKQz kã: `y®‹…wZ, `y®úÖÖvc¨, `yg©wZ, `y‰`©e, `ywb©evi, `yivjvc (Mvwj), `yivZ¥v, `yivkq (Kz-gZje), `yia¨q (co‡Z Kó nq Ggb)
,`yic‡bq (mn‡R `~i Kiv hvq bv Ggb), `yiwZµgY, `yi`„ô (`yf©vM¨), `yie¯’v, `yM©wZ, `y‡Á©q (Rvbv KwVb Ggb), `yR©b BZ¨vw`|
2. ¯Í/¯’: `šÍ¨-m Gi mv‡_ ÔZÕ hy³ nq, Ô_Õ I hy³ nq, Z‡e hLb Lywk ZLb bq| wbqg †g‡b nq| wbqgwU nj:
`yBwU avZz Av‡Q| ÔMÖmÕ I Ô¯’vÕ| MÖm avZzi A_© n‡jv ÔMÖvm KivÕ| myZivs MÖvm Kiv A‡_© †hme kã nq, †mme kã me mgq m-Gi mv‡_ Z nq|
†hgbÑ `vq hv‡K MÖvm K‡i‡Q `vqMÖ¯Í, FY hv‡K MÖvm K‡i‡Q FYMÖ¯Í, GB iƒc †kvKMÖ¯Í, RivMÖ¯Í, ÿwZMÖ¯Í, wec`MÖ¯Í, mš¿¯Í BZ¨vw`|
Ô¯’vÕ avZzi A_© n‡jv _vKv| myZivs _vKv A‡_© †h me kã nq (¯’v avZz‡hv‡M) †m me k‡ã m-Gi mv‡_ me mgq _ nq| †hgbÑ gy‡L _v‡K hvÑgyL¯’|
Af¨šÍ‡i _v‡K hvÑ Af¨šÍi¯’| GiKg Kô¯’, M„n¯’, my¯’, `yt¯’, cvK¯’, ga¨¯’ BZ¨vw`|

3. cy‡iv Z Avi LÐ Z (r) Gi e¨envi: hv n‡q †M‡Q A_v©rÑAZxZ †evSvevi Rb¨ cy‡iv Z| †hgbÑ iwÄZ, wkwÿZ, PwjZ, AwR©Z, KzrwmZ, DwPZ
BZ¨vw`| iwÄZ gv‡b hv is Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkwÿZ gv‡b wkÿv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| AwR©Z gv‡b AR©b Kiv n‡q‡Q BZ¨vw`|
Aci w`‡K hv P‡j, Pj‡Q NU‡Q ev NU‡e Zvi Rb¨ LÐ-Z (r) nq| †hgbÑ iYwRrÑ hy× Rq K‡i †h, B›`ªwRrÑ B›`ª‡K Rq K‡i †h,
wek¦wRrÑ wek¦‡K Rq K‡I †h BZ¨vw`|
GQvovI wKQz evbvb LÐZ (r) w`‡q nq| †hgbÑ nVvr, gnr, g„r, cif„r (KvK), hver, Zver, hK…r, Mr (Mv‡bi myi), PgrKvi, wbNv©r, DrmM©
BZ¨vw`|
ÔmvrÕ cÖZ¨q-hy³ evbv‡bI LÐÑZ (r) nq| †hgbÑ AvZ¥mvr, a~wjmvr, AwMœmvr| mwÜi Kvi‡YI wKQz kã LÐÑZ (r) nq Z`&+mg = Zrmg,
Z`&+Kvj = ZrKvj, ÿza&+wccvmv = ÿzrwccvmv, wec`+msKzj = wecrmsKzj BZ¨vw`|
ÁvZe¨: k‡ãi †k‡l LÐÑZ (r) Av‡Q Ggb k‡ãi mv‡_ lôx ev mßgx wefw³ †hvM n‡j LÐÑZ (r) Gi cwie‡Z© cy‡iv Z nq| †hgbÑ RMr,
wKš‘ RM‡Zi, mvÿvr, wKš‘ mvÿv‡Z BZ¨vw`|

4. ÔAvðh©Õ n‡eb bv: Avðh© A_© we¯§qKi| wew¯§Z A‡_© cÖvqB Avgiv ÔAvðh©Õ nB| wKš‘ bv, n‡Z n‡e ÔAvðh©vwš^ZÕ| ZvB Avwg Avðh© njvg evK¨wU
ï× bq| ï× n‡jv Avwg Avðhv©wš^Z njvg|
5. ÔAcgvbÕ †_‡K mveavb: †KD KvD‡K ÔAcgvb K‡i bv, K‡i AcgvwbZ| myZivs ÔAvwg Acgvb n‡qwQÕ ej‡j ï× ejv nq bv, ej‡Z nq,
Avwg AcgvwbZ n‡qwQ|
6. Ôc`‡ÿcÕ wb‡eb mveav‡b: c`‡ÿc A_© cv †djv| wKš‘ e¨e¯’v MÖnY A‡_© hLb Ôc`‡ÿc wb‡qwQÕ ejv nq ZLb evK¨Uv wK ï× nq? bv, nq bv|
ï× nq Ôe¨e¯’v wb‡qwQÕ ej‡j|

7. ÔmÕчq, ¯^чq eo MЇMvj: ÔmÕ-Gi A_© ÔmnÕ, Avi ¯^-Gi A_© wbR| GB `yB m-Gi e¨env‡ii †¯^”QvPvwiZv hÎ ZÎ †Pv‡L c‡o| †jLv nq
ÒAvcwb ¯^cwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z|Ó Ôm-Gi wb‡P ÔeÕ w`‡q Ô¯^cwieviÕ wjL‡j A_© nq wbR cwiev‡i Avgwš¿Z| e¨m eÜ n‡q hvq cwiev‡ii mevB‡K
wb‡q `vIqvZ LvIqv| cwiev‡ii mevB‡K wb‡q `vIqv‡Z †h‡Z n‡j-wjLv _vK‡Z n‡e-ÒAvcwb mcwiev‡i Avgwš¿ZÓ| A_v©rÑcwievi mn Avgwš¿Z,
GKv bb|
8. ÔeÕÑGi †fRvj : ÔeÕ GKwU dvwm© DcmM©; Gi A_© njÑmwnZ, m‡gZ ev my×| ZvB gvj mn †Pvi aiv co‡j †m †Pvi n‡e egvj| Ôegvjmy×Õ †Pvi
aiv coj-Giƒc evK¨ †jLv hv‡e bv|
9. `yie¯’vi Ô`yive¯’vÕ: Rvbv _vK‡jB Ggb `yie¯’vq co‡Z nq bv| Aek¨ †Kb Ô`yie¯’viÕ `yive¯’v nj, Zvi GKwU hyw³ †eva nq Ggbѯ^i mwÜi
wbqg Abymv‡i A + A = Av nq †m wnmv‡e `yi + Ae¯’v = A_v©r ¯^imwÜ g‡b K‡i Av-Ki e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| wKš‘ welqwU ¯^imwÜi bq| wemM©
mwÜi| wbqgwU n‡jv wem‡M©i c‡i hw` ¯^ieY©, e‡M©i Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg ev h i j e, n _v‡K Z‡e wemM© ¯’v‡b ÔiÕ nq| †hgbÑ `yt+Ae¯’v =
`yie¯Ív|GiƒcÑ `yišÍ (`yt+AšÍ)|
10. B`vbxsKv‡j: G kãwUi e¨envi Lye AvU‡cÖŠp n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ Aó cÖni hviv Zv‡K e¨envi Ki‡Qb Zv‡`i hw` GKUz Rvwb‡q †`qv hvq
†h, B`vbxs-Gi mv‡_ LvgvLv Avi Kvj‡K Rwo‡q †`‡eb bv| ej‡eb bv, B`vwbsKvj| KviY GUv Aï×|

11. ÔkvjxÕ †K wbq evovevwo: Ôkvjxi wgjb n‡e Ômg„w×iÕ mv‡_ n‡eÑÔmg„w×kvjxÕ| Zv bv K‡i mg„‡×i mv‡_ kvjxi wgj‡b mevB e¨¯Í welqwU Ab¨vq|
g‡b ivLv PvB Ômg„×Õ we‡klY, Zvi mv‡_ ÔkvjxÕ †hvM K‡i Zv‡K c~Yivq we‡klY Kiv Ab_©K| mg„w× we‡kl¨ Zvi mv‡_ kvjxi wgj‡b evav
bvB| A_v©r-mg„w×i mv‡_ kvjx †hvM K‡i we‡klY Kiv hvq|

12. ÔKvjx‡ZÕ ÔKvwj‡ZÕ gvLvgvwL: GB `yB Kvwj‡Z gvLvgvwL K‡ib bv Ggb Rb †gjv fvi| wKš‘ GUv Kiv hv‡e bv| †Pnviv KzrwmZ n‡q hv‡e|
ÔKvjxÕ evbvb me mgq ÔC-KviÕ w`‡q wjL‡Z nq| wKš‘ Kvjx k‡ãi †k‡l `vm G‡m †M‡j CKv‡ii cwie‡Z© B-Kvi wjL‡Z n‡e| †hgbÑKvwj`vm|
Ab¨Î Kvjxi C-Kvi eRvq _vK‡e| †hgbÑ Kvjxc`, Kvjxgw›`i, KvjxNvU BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ RyZvi Kvwj, cvwZ‡ji Kvwj, †`vqv‡Zi Kvwj,
Kqjvi Kvwj Aek¨B B-Kvi w`‡q n‡e|

13. †`exi `vex iÿv: Ô‡`exÕ Ô`vm'‡K Zvi cv‡k emvi AvnŸvb K‡ib| `vm `vex †Zv‡jb C-Kvi †K miv‡bvi, †`ex eva¨ n‡q `v‡mi `vex iÿv K‡ib Ges
n‡q hvb †`we`vm|

14. Z¡, Ë¡, Zr, Z¥: evsjv fvlvq GB Pvi R‡bi wekvj ivRZ¡; Aek¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †`ŠivZ¥¨| Z‡e ivRZ¡B †nvK; Avi †`ŠivZ¥¨B †nvK Zv‡`i
ZË¡vbymÜvb bv Kivi cÖvqwðË †h enb Ki‡Z n‡”Q G K_v mZ¨|
Z¡: k‡ãi †k‡l LÐZ (r) cy‡iv Z (Z) Ges Ô`Õ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb eY© _vK‡j Ges H kã‡K ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hv‡M we‡kl¨ c` MVb Ki‡j k‡ãi
†k‡l ÔZ¡Õ (Z + e) nq| †hgbÑ bZybZ¡, bvMwiKZ¡, †bZ…Z¡, ivRZ¡, gvZ…Z¡, eÜzZ¡ BZ¨vw`|
Ë¡: †h k‡ãi †k‡l LÐÑZ (r) _v‡K †m k‡ãi †k‡l hw` ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hvM nq, ¯^fveZB k‡ãi †k‡l Z+Z+e A_v©rÑZ‡q-Z‡q-e-djv (Ë¡)
nq| †hgbÑ gnr+Z¡ = gnË¡, mr+Z¡ = mË¡, Zr+Z¡ = ZË¡ BZ¨vw`|
Z¨: †k‡l ÔZÕ Av‡Q Ggb k‡ãi m‡½ ò¨-cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i we‡kl¨ c` MVb Ki‡j kãv‡šÍ Z-‡q ¨- djv (Z¨) nq| D‡jL¨ †h, G RvZxq k‡ãi
Avw`¯^‡ii e„w× N‡U| †hgbÑ wecixZ+ò¨ = ˆecixZ¨, ¯’cwZ+ò¨ = ¯’vcZ¨ BZ¨vw`|
Z¥ (Z+g): ms¯‹…Z ÔAvZ¥bÕ kã †_‡K MwVZ me k‡ãB Z-Gi mv‡_ g hy³ n‡q Z-‡q-g-djv nq| †hgbÑ AvZ¥Kg©, AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK, AvZ¥wb‡qvM,
AvZ¥wek¦vm, AvZ¥NvZx, AvZ¥cÿ, AvZ¥cÖeÂbv BZ¨vw`|
15. e¨/e¨v: e, †q, h-djv Ges e-‡q-h-djvq-Av-Kvi †K wb‡q `yM©wZi †kl †bB| ZvB e‡j wK Gi †Kvb MwZ †bB? Av‡Q, GKUz gb‡hvM mnKv‡i jÿ Ki‡jB
n‡e|
ÔweÕ GB DcmM©wU †h k‡ãi cÖ_‡g e‡m, †m k‡ãi Av`¨eY© ÔAÕ n‡j e-Gi mv‡_ ïay h-djv nq| †hgbÑ we + Ae¯’v = e¨e¯’v, we+A_© = e¨_©, we+AMÖ
= e¨MÖ, we+AwfPvi = e¨wfPvi, GB iKgÑ e¨wZµg, e¨eavb, e¨eüZ, e¨¯Í, e¨Z¨q, e¨½ BZ¨vw`| Aci w`‡K GB DcmM©wU (we) †h k‡ãi cÖ_‡g
e‡m †m k‡ãi Av`¨ eY© ÔAvÕ n‡j evbv‡b e-Gi mv‡_ h-djv-Av-Kvi (e¨v) nq †hgbÑ we+AvKzj = e¨vKzj| we+AvcK = e¨vcK, we+Avc„Z =
e¨vc„Z, we+AvL¨v = e¨vL¨v, we+Avwß = e¨vwß GB iKgÑ e¨vm, e¨vqvg, e¨vNvZ, e¨vwa, e¨vKiY BZ¨vw`|
16. wK/Kx: †KvbwU w`‡q cÖkœ Kiv hv‡e? GwU Avgv‡`i Lye Kg †jv‡KiB Rvbv| ÔKxÕ me©bvg, we‡klY I wµqvÑwe‡klY iƒ‡c e‡m| Aci w`‡K
Ae¨q wn‡m‡e em‡j ÔwKÕ n‡e| †hgbÑ Zzwg wK Lv‡e? Gi DËi n‡eÑ n¨vu A_ev bv; wKš‘ hw` ejv nq Zzwg Kx Lv‡e? Gi DËi n‡eÑ fvZ,
gvQ, mvsm....| ÔwKÕ Gi DËi gv_v †b‡oI †`qv hvq; wKš‘ ÔKxÕ w`‡q cÖkœ Ki‡j gyL Lyj‡Z n‡e|

17. ÒAvwg Qvov Avi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q eBwU w`‡eb bv|Ó evK¨wU fyj: KviY Abym‡M©i (Qvov, webv, Kv‡Q, wbK‡U, e¨ZxZ, Aewa, cÖwZ, wen‡b, Z‡i,
cv‡b, gZ BZ¨vw`) c~e©eZx© c‡` Ô‡KÕ I ÔiÕ wefw³i e¨envi Avek¨K| myZivs ï× evK¨wU n‡e ÔAvgv‡K Qvov Avi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q eBwU w`‡eb
bv|

18. iv¯Ívq w`‡q †hI bv: †KnB Ôiv¯Ívq w`qvÕ hvq bv| hvq Ôiv¯Ív w`‡qÕ| A‡bK mgq G iKg AbvKvw•ÿZ wefw³i cÖ‡qv‡M evK¨ fyj n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
g‡b ivLv `iKvi AbymM© wefw³ wenxb (cÖvwZcw`K) k‡ãi c‡iI e‡m _v‡K| G ev‡K¨ Ôiv¯ÍvÕ nj cÖvwZcw`K| Ôw`‡qÕ AbymM©|
Avevi G-I g‡b ivLv Avek¨KÑ †h ¯’‡j †h Abym‡M©i cÖ‡qvM ixwZwm×, †m ¯’‡j Ab¨ Abym‡M©i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j evK¨ Aï× nq| †hgbÑ iwng
†_‡K msev` †c‡qwQ, ej‡j evK¨ fyj nq| ej‡Z nq, iwn‡gi KvQ †_‡K msev` †c‡qwQ|

19. ÔAmy¯’ †jvKwU n‡q cojÕ: evK¨wU Aï×| KviY, we‡klY hw` ev‡K¨ we‡aq iƒ‡c e¨eüZ nq Zvn‡j we‡k‡l¨i c‡i e‡m| ZvB ï× evK¨wU nj,
†jvKwU Amy¯’ n‡q coj| wKš‘ g‡b ivLv PvB; mvaviY wbqg n‡jv, we‡klY we‡k‡l¨i c~‡e© e‡m _v‡K| †hgbÑ Avgvi KjgwU `vgx nvwi‡q †M‡Q,
ej‡j evK¨wU fyj n‡e| evK¨wUi ï×iƒc n‡jvÑAvgvi `vgx KjgwU nvwiqv †M‡Q|

20. Z¡, Zv, bx, Yx GB Pvi cÖZ¨‡qi C-Kvi GjvwR©: GB cÖZ¨q¸‡jv k‡ãi †k‡l e‡m c` cwieZ©‡bi (we‡klY †_‡K we‡kl¨) gva¨‡g bZzb kã
MVb K‡i _v‡K| gRvi e¨vcvi nj, GB Pvi cÖZ¨‡qiB eÇ C-Kvi GjvwR© i‡q‡Q| k‡ãi †k‡l C-Kvi _vK‡j C-Kv‡ii Mv †N‡l em‡Z
Zv‡`i †Nvi AvcwË| eva¨ n‡q †ePviv C-Kvi (x) e‡Y©i evg cv‡k P‡j Av‡m| nvwi‡q hvq Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡| n‡q hvq B- ( w ) Kvi|
†hgbÑ `vqx+Z¡ = `vwqZ¡, ¯’vqx+Z¡ = ¯’vwqZ¡, gš¿x+Z¡ = gwš¿Z¡, ¯^vgx+Z¡ = ¯^vwgZ¡, mn‡hvMx+Zv = mn‡hvwMZv, cÖwZØ›Øx+Zv = cÖwZØw›ØZv,
wejvmx+Zv = wejvwmZv, cÖwZ‡hvMx+Zv = cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, m½x+bx = mw½bx, cmvix+Yx = cmvwiYx BZ¨vw`| †bvU: bvixZ¡, mZxZ¡ evbvb¸‡jvi
ÔCÕ-Kvi, B-Kvi n‡e bv|
21. Aa¯Íb/Aat¯Íb: KvM‡R cÖvqB †jLv †`wL Aat¯Íb| Gi A_© `vuovq, wbgœ¯’ ¯Íb| Kx wekªx! Ggb †Kvb K_v Av‡Q wK? ï× evbvb nj, Aa¯Íb|
A_© nj wbgœc`¯’| myZivs ÔAa¯Íb Kg©PvixÕ; ÔAat¯Íb Kg©PvixÕ bq|

22. ÔC`„kÕ I ÔCÝvÕi K_v g‡b ivLyb: ÔC`„k A_© GB cÖKvi ev GB iKg| CÝv A_© Ôcvevi B”QvÕ| evbvb `y'‡Uv ÔBÕ w`‡q †jLv †_‡K mveavb _vKzb|
23. D‡Ï‡k/D‡Ï‡k¨: evbvb `y‡Uvi fyj cÖ‡qvM cÖvqB †Pv‡L c‡o| GKUz mZK© n‡jB fyj †_‡K evuPv hvq| g‡b ivLyb, GKwU‡Z hÑdjv Av‡Q,
GKwU‡Z †bB, h-djv _vK‡j A_© n‡eÑÔAwfcÖv‡qÕ| †hgbÑ ‡Zvgv‡K cvevi D‡Ï‡k¨| h-djv bv _vK‡j A_© n‡e Ôw`‡KÕ| †hgbÑ KvjB XvKvi
D‡Ï‡k iIbv n‡e|

24. mgq/Kvj: Ômgq I ÔKvjÕ mgv_©K kã| cÖvqB mgvb A_© nIqv m‡Ë¡I bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y wØZ¡ cÖ‡qvM cwijwÿZ nq| †hgbÑ ÒmgqKv‡j bv Ki‡j,
†h Avi Kiv nq bv|Ó-evK¨wU Aï×| nq Kvj, bv nq mgqÑGKwU ej‡Z n‡e|

25. ïay/gvÎ, †Kej/gvÎ: ïay, gvÎ, †KejÑG ¸‡jvi A_© GKB| ZvB GKwUi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| ïaygvÎ †Kej gvÎ e¨envi Aï×| ÒïaygvÎ
GKevi ejÓ ejv/wjLv ï× bq| ïay GKevi ej ev gvÎ GKevi ej BZ¨vw`|

26. AkÖyRj: AkÖyRj †djvi K_v †kvbv hvq| wKš‘ ÔAkÖyÕ I Rj `yB-B-‡h GK Zvn‡j GKUv ej‡jB nq| ïay ÔAkÖyÕ bqZ ïay ÔRjÕ|
27. m¤¢vebv/Avk¼v: GB `yB k‡ãi e¨env‡i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q, GgbwU bv Rvbvi jÿYB †`Lv hvq †jLv‡jwL‡Z| †kvbvI hvq| †hgbÑ ‡eZvi-‡Uwjwfk‡b
ÒSo, wkjv e„wó nIqvi m¤¢vebv Av‡QÓ Ggb K_v mK‡jB ï‡b _v‡Kb| GUv Avgv‡`i fyj †kvbv| welqwU nj-BwZevPK A‡_© Ôm¤¢vebvÕ Avi
†bwZevPK A‡_© ÔAvk¼vÕ e¨eüZ nq| †hgbÑ ev¤úvi dj‡bi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q, Avi So-e„wó nevi Avk¼v Av‡Q BZ¨vw`|
28. m‡Ë¡I/e‡j: A mdj n‡j e¨eüZ, nq Ôm‡Ë¡IÕ Ges mdj n‡j e¨eüZ nq, Ôe‡jÕ| †hgbÑ nvRvi cÖ‡Póv m‡Ë¡I Zvi we‡`k hvIqv nqwb|
K‡Vvi mvavbi e‡j Zvi we. wm. Gm cvIqv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|

29. wewea cÖKvi: cyuw_cy¯Í‡K, KvM‡R Ôwewea cÖKviÕ wjL‡Z †`Lv hvq cÖvqB| wKš‘ wewe‡ai †h A_© cÖKv‡iiI †mB A_© myZivs ÔweweaÕ wjL‡jB P‡j,
LvgvLv cÖKvi‡K Kó †`Iqvi `iKvi †bB|
30. `ywbev©i/Awbevh©: `y'‡Uv kãB wVK| Z‡e kã `y'‡Uv‡K GKÎ K‡i `ywb©evh© †jLv fyj| †hgbÑ Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZdj `ywb©evh©| GwU GKwU fyj evK¨|
Gi ï×iƒc n‡e-Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZ dj Awbevh© ev `ywb©evi|

31. BwZg‡a¨/BwZc~‡e©: evbvb `y'‡Uvi GB †PnvivB †`Lv hvq †ewk| wKš‘ GUv †h bKj †Pnviv| Avmj †Pnvivi Lei ivLvi †jv‡Ki msL¨v †h eoB
bMY¨|
evbvb `y‡Uvi ï× iƒc n‡jv, B‡Zvg‡a¨, BZtc~‡e©| KviYUv Rvbv hvK| evbvb `y'‡Uv wemM© mwÜRvZ| wemM© mw܇Z GKwU wbqg Av‡Q, Zv nj
ÔKÕ ÔLÕ ÔcÕ ÔdÕ c‡i _vK‡j A-Kv‡ii c‡ii wemM© ÔmÕ Ges B-Kvi D-Kv‡ii c‡ii wemM© l nq| †hgbÑ cyit+Kvi = cyi¯‹vi, (A-Kv‡ii c‡ii
wemM© ÔmÕ n‡q‡Q) cwit+Kvi = cwi®‹vi (BKv‡ii c‡ii wemM© l n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wKQz †ÿ‡Î ÔKÕ ÔLÕ ÔcÕ ÔdÕ ÔkÕ ÔmÕ c‡i _vK‡jI A-Kv‡ii, c‡ii
wemM© eRvq _v‡K| †hgbÑ BZtc~‡e©, gbtKó, wkitcxov, eqtcÖvwß, `ytL, AšÍtKiY, gbtc~Z BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ A-Kv‡ii c‡i e‡M©i Z…Zxq PZz_©
I cÂg eY© ev ÔhÕ ÔeÕ ÔiÕ ÔjÕ ÔnÕ _vK‡j A-Kv‡ii mv‡_ wg‡k wemM© ÔI-KviÕ († v) n‡q hvq| †hgbÑ BZt+g‡a¨ = B‡Zvg‡a¨, GBiƒc
g‡bv‡jvfv, wk‡ivgwY, g‡bv‡hvM, g‡bviÄb, Z‡ZvwaK, g‡bve¨_v, g‡bvevÃbv BZ¨vw`|

32. Dc‡iv³: Dc‡iv³ ‡K Avgiv †h e¨envi Kwi Zvi m¤ú‡K© †Kvb †LuvR-Lei ivwL wK? ivwL bv| †LuvR wb‡jB Zvi Avmj iƒc, Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi|
Zv n‡j Rvbv hvK welqwU|ÔcwiÕ Dcm‡M©i mv‡_ ¯^iaŸwb ÔAÕ ÔAvÕ ÔBÕ ÔDÕ Gi mwÜ n‡j `yB ¯^i wg‡j h-‡q-‡id (h©) nq| †hgbÑ Dcwi+D³ =
Dch©y³, cwi+AšÍ = ch©šÍ, cwi+Av‡jvPbv = ch©v‡jvPbv, Dcwi+Dcwi = Dchy©cwi BZ¨vw`|

33. me¸‡jv: eûePb ÁvcK kã †hgbÑ mKj, me, me©, eû A‡bK, GKvwaK †h we‡k‡l¨i c~‡e© e‡m, †m we‡k‡l¨i ci Avevi eûePb ÁvcK kã
†hgbÑ ¸wj ev MY BZ¨vw`i e¨envi Aï×| me gvQ¸‡jv, mKj QvÎMY BZ¨vw` wjLv hv‡e bv|

34. GKwÎZ KiY: bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y we‡klY c`‡K cybivq we‡klY Kivi GKwU cÖeYZv cÖvqB jÿ¨ Kiv hvq; GUv fyj| †hgbÑ mjw¾Z, mwPwÎZ,
mkw¼Z, m‡PwóZ, GKwÎZ k㸇jv Aï×| ï×iƒc n‡jvÑ jw¾Z/mj¾, wPwÎZ/mwPÎ, †PwóZ/m‡Pó, GKÎ BZ¨vw`|
35. ÔKiÕ+C: ÔKiÕ GKwU cÖZ¨q, G cÖZ¨qwU †hv‡M we‡klY c` MwVZ nq| †hgbÑ wnZKi, g½jKi, A_©Ki, Kvh©Ki BZ¨vw`| G k㸇jvi mv‡_
¯¿xevPK ÔCÕ cÖZ¨q‡K †hvM Kivi GKwU cÖeYZv we‡klfv‡e jÿ¨Yxq| hv AcÖ‡qvRbxq| †hgbÑwnZKix, Kvh©Kix, A_©Kix BZ¨vw`|

36. KiY, K…Z, feb, f~Z: GB k㸇jv †hv‡M †h me kã MwVZ nq, †m me k‡ãi ga¨fv‡M C-Kvi ( x ) nq| †hgbÑ mZK©+KiY = mZK©xKiY,
w¯’i+K…Z = w¯’ixK…Z, cÖ¯Íi+feb = cÖ¯Íixfeb, ek+f~Z = ekxf~Z BZ¨vw`|

37. djkÖywZ: ÔdjÕ I ÔkÖywZÕ GB `yB k‡ãi mgš^‡q MwVZ djkÖywZ kã| ÔdjÕ A_© fvj Kv‡Ri Result| ÔkÖywZÕ gv‡b †kvbv, myZivs djkÖywZ k‡ãi
A_© n‡jv fvj Kv‡Ri dj †kvbv, †Kvb Kv‡Ri djvdj A‡_© Gi cÖ‡qvM Aï×| †hgbÑ ÒNyl MÖnY K‡i‡Q, djkÖywZ‡Z AvR †m †R‡j wM‡q‡Q|Ó
-evK¨wU Aï×|

38. c~ev©nè: c~ev©nè A_© w`‡bi cÖ_g fvM, ev mKvj †ejv| Av‡M ev c~‡e© A‡_© Gi cÖ‡qvM Aï×| †hgbÑ Òc~ev©‡nè e¨e¯’v wb‡j G Ae¯’vi m„wó nZ bv|Ó-
evK¨wU fyj|
39. ZrKvjxb mgq: ÔZrKvjxbÕ A_© †mB mgq| myZivs ZrKvjx‡bi mv‡_ mgq Ry‡o †`qv Ab_©K| ZvB ÒZrKvjxb mg‡q UvKvq GK gY Pvj cvIqv
†hZ|Ó- evK¨wU Aï×|

40. †cÖwÿZ: ÔcUf~wgÕ A‡_© kãwUi e¨envi n‡”Q †``vi‡Q| Rvbv _vK‡j Ggb fyj e¨envi †_‡K †invB cvIqv hvq| †cÖwÿZ, A_© `k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
myZivs cUf~wg A‡_© Gi e¨envi Awm×| ZvB Ò`ªe¨g~‡j¨i DaŸ©MwZi †cÖwÿ‡Z miKvi b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨i †`vKvb Pvjy K‡i‡Q|ÓÑevK¨wU Aï×|

41. Avw½K: A½+wòK = Avw½K| A_© nj- A½ m¤^š^xq| kãwUi ï× cÖ‡qvM cÖvq wbev©wmZ, ÔKjv‡KŠkjÕ A‡_© Gi cÖ‡qvM A‡bKUv Rv‡qR n‡q
†M‡Q| †hgbÑejv n‡q _v‡K, ÒevwowU bZzb Avw½‡K ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó ÒcyivZb KwgwU †f‡½ bZzb Avw½‡K MVb Kiv †nvK|Ó-Gme evK¨
fyj|

42. AvKÉ ch©šÍ: mgvm wm× c` ÔAvKÉÕ hvi A_© n‡jv KÉ ch©šÍ| myZivs ÔAvKÉÕ Gi mv‡_ Avevi ch©šÍ Ry‡o †`qv AÁZviB bvgvšÍi| GBiƒcÑ
AvRb¥ ch©šÍ, AvRvby ch©šÍ, AvgiY ch©šÍ, Avcv`g¯ÍK ch©šÍ BZ¨vw` k㸇jv Aï×|
43. AvqËvaxb: ÒwelqwU Avgvi AvqËvaxb bq|Ó- Ggb evK¨ †kvbv hvq| wKš‘ ÔAvqËÕ k‡ãi A_©B †h Aaxb Zv Rvbv _vK‡j G fy‡ji wkKvi †_‡K
iÿv cvIqv hvq mn‡RB| ï× evK¨wU ZvB, welqwU Avgvi Aaxb bq ev AvqË bq|

44. A¼/AsK: mymsnZ †gŠj GKK k‡ã O nq; s nq bv| †hgbÑ A¼, wj½, e½, c½y evbvb ¸‡jv ï×|

45. KZ…©cÿMY: kãwU KZ…©cÿ| GwU eûePb ÁvcK kã| Zvi †k‡l MY Ry‡o †`qv A_©nxb|

46. RvZxqKiY: RvZxqKiY A_© RvwZi AšÍfy©w³KiY; miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b Avbv bq| A_P †Kvb wKQz miKvwi Kiv n‡jB dm& K‡i ejv nq-
RvZxq KiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ggb fyj †_‡K mveavb _vKv evÃbxq|
47. RMr, we`¨v, ZË¡, wnsmv, †`n: GB k㸇jv ÔcÖvYxÕ k‡ãi †k‡l em‡j cÖvYxÕi C-Kvi ( x ) cwiewZ©Z n‡q B-Kvi (w ) nq| †hgbÑ cÖvwYRMr,
cÖvwYwe`¨v, cÖvwYZË¡, cÖvwYwnsmv, cÖvwY‡`n BZ¨vw`|
48. cwil`/mfv: kã `y'‡Uv Ôgš¿xÕ k‡ãi †k‡l †hvM n‡j Ôgš¿xÕ evbvb Avi ÔCÕKvi _v‡K bv| B-Kvi n‡q hvq| †hgb Ñ gwš¿cwil`, gwš¿mfv|

49. kª×vÄwj: evbvbwU‡Z mPivPi C-KviB ( x ) †`Lv hvq| A_P n‡e B-Kvi| KviYwU Rvbv _vK‡j G fy‡ji nvZ †_‡K wPigyw³ cvIqv hvq|
GKwU kã Av‡Q ÔAÄwjÕ| A_© nj hy³Ki, †mev ev fRbv, evbvbwU B-Kvi w`‡q| Zvi mv‡_B †hvM n‡q‡Q Ôkª×vÕ; e¨vm, n‡q‡Q kª×vÄwj|
Giƒc Av‡iv wKQz kã †hvM n‡q‡Q AÄwji mv‡_| †hgbÑ MxZ, cy®ú BZ¨vw` n‡q‡Q MxZvÄwj, cy®úvÄwj|
50. f~‡Zi K_v: `ywbqvi Zver f~Z evbvb E-Kvi ( ~ ) w`‡q| †hgbÑ A½xf~Z, Awff~Z, `~ixf~Z, civf~Z, D™¢~Z, wK¤¢~Z, ekxf~Z, Avwff~©Z
Af~Zc~e©, f¯§xf~Z, cyÄxf~Z, †K›`ªxf~Z, `ªexf~Z BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ A™¢yZ e¨vcvi n‡jv, A™¢y‡Zi f~‡Z D-Kvi nq| ¯§iY †hvM¨ †h, ÔfyZz‡oÕi fy‡ZI
D-Kvi ( y )| Avi me Lv‡bB E-Kvi nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, f~Z †hv‡M MwVZ c` we‡klY n‡e|

51. me©Rbxb/mve©Rbxb: `yB-B ï×| me©Rbxb A_©- me©R‡bi Kj¨vYKi| †hgbÑ GLb cjøx‡Z cjøx‡Z me©Rbxb c~Rvi cÖPjb †`Lv hvq|
mve©Rbxb A_©-me©Rb m¤^Üxq| †hgbÑ cÖvPxb fvi‡Z mve©Rbxb wkÿvq wQj AevwiZ Øvi|
52. Avmw³/AvmwË: Avmw³ A_© AvKl©Y ev AbyivM Ges AvmwË A_© ms‡hvM ev wgjb| jvBwji †cÖ‡g gRby Avm³, wKsev gv`Kvmw³ gvbyl‡K aŸsm
K‡i; Aci w`‡K ev‡K¨i wZbwU ¸Y: AvKv•ÿv, AvmwË I †hvM¨Zv|

53. wbP/bxP: `y‡Uv evbvbB wVK| Z‡e A‡_©i wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| wbP A_© wb¤œ; Avi bxP A_©- ev‡R ev nxb; hw`I AwaKvsk evwoi bxPZjv fvov †`Iqv
nq| GwU GKwU gvivZ¥K fzj! mK‡ji mZK© _vKv DwPZ|
54. c~ev©ý/Acivý: evbvb `y'‡Uv APj| Aek¨ g‡b ivLyb n Gi wc‡V †h GKUv AvsUv †`Lv hv‡”Q †mUv b (`šÍ¨-b) wb‡`©kK| GB evbvb `y'‡U‡Z
ÔbÕ n‡e bv| n‡e ÔYÕ (g~a©b¨ÑY)| n Gi mv‡_ hLb g~a©b¨ nq, ZLb n-Gi wcV †_‡K H AvsUvUv †b‡g hvq, nÑGi wb‡P| iƒcUv nè| Aci, c~e©,
civ Gme kã hw` ÔAýÕ k‡ãi c~‡e© e‡m Zvn‡j Aý-Gi ÔbÕ ÔYÕ n‡q hvq| †hgbÑ Aci+Aý = Acivnè, c~e©+Aý = c~ev©nè, civ+Aý =
civnè| Ab¨Î n-Gi mv‡_ ÔbÕ n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑ mvqvý, ga¨vý BZ¨vw`|
55. mvÿi/¯^vÿi: `y'‡Uv evbvbB ï×| wKš‘ e¨env‡i cÖvqB AmveavbZvi cwiPq †g‡j| mvÿi A_©- Aÿi Ávb m¤úbœ| †hgbÑ Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖwZ eQi
mvÿiZv w`em cvwjZ nq| Avvi ¯^vÿi A_©- mB ev `¯ÍLZ| †hgbÑ Pzw³ c‡Î `yÕR‡bi ¯^vÿi Av‡Q|

56. euay/ea~: `yB evbvbB wVK| cv_©K¨ †Kej we‡qi AvM Avi ci| A_v©r GKRb eÜz Av‡iKRb eD| euay A_©- eÜz Avi ea~ A_©- eD| myZivs euay
eD n‡q †M‡j P›`ª we›`yUv I‡V wM‡q EÑKvi nq|

57. MÇvwjKv cÖevn: K_vwU fyj| KviY W-‡q-W Gi mv‡_ Av-KviwU n‡e bv| Av-KviwU bv nIqvi KviY nj, g~j kãwU n‡e MÇjÑ Gi A_©
n‡jv †fov| myZivs K_vwU n‡e, MÇwjKv cÖevn|

58. Af¨šÍixY/Avf¨šÍixY: ï× Av‡Q `y‡Uv evbvbB| Af¨šÍixY A_© Af¨šÍ‡i we`¨gvb| cÿvšÍ‡i Avf¨šÍixY A_© Af¨šÍi †_‡K Drcbœ ev RvZ|

59. DrKl©Zv: evbvbwU fyj| DrKl© kãwU we‡kl¨| Zv cÖZ¨q †hvM Kivi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| DrKl©B ï×|

60. wki‡”Q`: G fv‡e wki‡ñ` wjL‡j ai †_‡K wki Avi †Q` n‡e bv| wki‡K †Q` Ki‡Z n‡j wjL‡Z n‡e wki‡ñ`| Gevi KviYUv Rvbv `iKvi|
wemM© mwÜi wbq‡g P ev Q c‡i _vK‡j wemM© ¯’‡j ÔkÕ nq| †hgbÑ wkit+†Q` = wki‡ñ`, wbt+Pq = wbðq, wbt+wQ`ª = wbwñ`ª BZ¨vw`|

61. AvMZ/Avmbœ: AvMZ I Avmbœ e¨envi Ki‡Z mveavbZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e| AvMZ A_© G‡m‡Q Ggb Avi Avmbœ A_© nj Avm‡e Ggb| myZivs
AvMZ †mvgevi bq, n‡e Avmbœ †mvgevi|

62. mgywPZ/h‡_vwPZ: Lvivc A‡_© ÔmgywPZÕ, fvj A‡_© h‡_vwPZ e¨eüZ nq|†hgbÑ G Ab¨v‡qi mgywPZ wkÿv †Zvgv‡K †c‡ZB n‡e| cÿvšÍ‡i, GB
fvj Kv‡Ri h‡_vwPZ cyi¯‹vi †Zvgvi cÖvc¨|

63. K…”QZv:ÔK…”QÕ k‡ãi mv‡_ Ab_©K ÔZvÕ cÖZ¨q Ry‡o w`‡q kãwU‡K Aï× Kiv nq| ÔK…”QÕ A_© kvixwiK †K¬k| myZivs igRvb K…”QZv mva‡bi
gvm| -evK¨wU ï× bq| n‡e, igRvb gvm K…”Q mva‡bi gvm|
64. ïwPw¯§Zv/myw¯§Zv: evbvb `yÕwU‡Z MЇMvj †j‡M hvq cÖvqB| g~j evbvbwU Rvbv _vK‡j G †Mvj Gov‡bv hvq mn‡RB|
w¯§Z A_© Clr nvm¨; w¯§Z k‡ãi c~‡e© ïwP (A_© cweÎ) hy³ n‡q MwVZ n‡q‡Q ïwPw¯§Zv| A_©- wbg©j nvm¨hy³| Aci w`‡K w¯§Z k‡ãi c~‡e©
ÔmyÕ DcmM© †hv‡M MwVZ n‡q‡Q-myw¯§Zv A_©-my›`i nvm¨hy³v|

65. k¦ïi/kvïwoi K_v g‡b ivLyb: k¦ïi-kvïwoi mv‡_ A‡bK‡KB †eqv`we Ki‡Z †`Lv hv| k¦ï‡ii mv‡_ †eqv`weUv Kiv nq, k Gi mv‡_ e-djv
bv w`‡q Avi ÔiÕ-Gi cwie‡Z© ÔoÕ wj‡L Ges kvïwoi mv‡_ †eqv`weUv Kiv nq k-Gi mv‡_ e-djv w`‡q Ges ÔoÕ-Gi cwie‡Z© ÔiÕ wj‡L| myZivs
g‡b ivLyb k¦ï‡i e-djv Av‡Q kvïwo‡Z †bB| k¦ï‡i ÔiÕ Av‡Q kvïwo‡Z ÔoÕ|

66. ‰Zwi/ˆZix: GKUv wµqv; GKUv we‡klY, evbvb `y'‡U‡Z c¨vuP †j‡M hvq| Avi jvM‡e bv| g‡b ivLyb wµqv evPK c‡` me mgq B-Kvi nq|
†hgbÑ Kwi, cwo, awi, gvwi, KvwU BZ¨vw`| Gevi wbðq †evSv †Mj †h Ô‰ZwiÕ wµqvc`| Avi Ô‰ZixÕ nj we‡klY| †hgbÑ ˆZix †cvkvK|

67. ˆah© mnKv‡i ïbyb: ˆah© evbv‡b h-djv (¨) †`qvi Rb¨ A‰ah© n‡j Pj‡e bv| A_v©r G evbvbwU h-djv w`‡q (ˆah©¨) wjL‡j P‡j bv| Gi KviYwU
nj, g~j evbvbwU ÔaxiÕ Gi mv‡_ †hvM n‡q‡Q ÔhÕ cÖZ¨q| GB ÔhÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM n‡j k‡ãi †k‡li ÔiÕ n‡q hvq †id ( © ), cÖZ¨qwU ZLb ÔhÕ n‡qB
_v‡K| †hgbÑ axi+h = ˆah©, GBiƒc gvayh©, mvnPvh© BZ¨vw`| GB me evbv‡b h-djv (¨) †`qv n‡j evbvb fyj n‡e|
68. Av‡ivM¨ n‡jb: ÔAv‡ivM¨Õ nIqv bq, Av‡ivM¨ jvf Kiv, myZivs ÔwZwb Av‡ivM¨ n‡jbÕ ej‡j evK¨wU ï× nq bv| ï× nq, ÔwZwb Av‡ivM jvf
Ki‡jbÕ- ej‡j|

69. GK‡Î hvIqv: mPivPi GK‡Î hvIqv, ÔGK‡Î KivÕ G iƒcB †kvbv hvq| wKš‘ bv GK‡Î hvIqv hv‡e bv| kãwU ÔGK‡ÎÕ bq ÔGKÎÕ| myZivs ÔGKÎ
MgbÕ Ki‡Z n‡e|

70. kvïwoi †Mvud `vwo: ÔkvïwoÕ I Ô‡Muvd `vwoÕ kã `yÕwUi cÖwZk‡ãi evbv‡b MЇMvj Ki‡j kvïwoi †Mvud-`vwo‡Zv DV‡eB| †Lqvj ivLyb-kvïwoi
cÖwZkã nj Ôk¦kÖƒÕ A_v©r-ÔkÕ-Gi mv‡_ e-djv Avi †k‡l E-Kvi ( ~ )| cÿvšÍ‡i, †Mvud`vwoi cÖwZkã nj Ôk¥kÖyÕ A_v©r- k-Gi mv‡_ g-djv Ges
†k‡l DKvi ( y )|
71. Ô¯^Z¡Õ wb‡q evovevwo: ¯^Z¡ wb‡q evovevwo nq, Avevi ¯^Z¡ evbvbwU wb‡qI evovevwoi †kl †bB| evbvbvbwUi KviY Rvb‡j evovevwo eÜ n‡e|
we‡klY‡K we‡kl¨ Kivi Rb¨ Z¡ cÖZ¨q †hvM Ki‡Z nq| Ô¯^Õ kãwU we‡klY| A_© nj wbR ev wb‡Ri| GB Ô¯^Õ †K we‡kl¨ c‡` cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡j
mv‡_ ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hvM Ki‡Z nq| †hgbÑ ¯^+Z¡ = ¯^Z¡, A_©-gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi, eB‡qi Mv‡q †jLv nq, Ôme© ¯^Z¡ msiwÿZÕ| myZivs g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e m-Gi mv‡_ e-djv Av‡Q, Z-Gi mv‡_ I e-djv Av‡Q, Z‡e ÔZÕ `ywU bq; GKwU| evbvbwU Avevi g‡b Kwi‡q †`B,m-‡i-e-djv Z-‡i-e-
djv = ¯^Z¡|

72. mË¡: G kãwUi wZbwU A_© Av‡Q| Aw¯ÍZ¡, cÖvY ev AvZ¥ Ges im| †hgb AšÍtmË¡v, KvVv‡ji AvgmË¡, BZ¨vw`| kãwUi MVb Rvbv _vK‡j evbvb fy‡ji
nvZ †_‡K evuPv hvq| g~j kãwU ÔmrÕ| Zvi mv‡_ ÔZ¡Õ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i n‡q‡Q mË¡| g‡b ivLvq welq n‡jv, m Gi mv‡_ e-djv †bB, Avi Z GKUv bq;
`yBUv| A_v©r Z-‡q Z-‡q e-djv (Ë¡)|

73. mZ¡i Ges mËi: Z¡i k‡ãi A_© nj `ªyZ| Gi c~‡e© ÔmÕ Gi mswÿß iƒc ÔmnÕ hy³ n‡q n‡q‡Q ÔmZ¡iÕ A_© kxNª ev ZvovZvwo| Avi ms¯‹…Z mßwZ
†_‡K G‡m‡Q ÔmËiÕ A_© 70|

74. f~wi †fv‡R fyuwoчei nq: f~wi f~wi fy‡ji g‡a¨ fyuwo Avi f~wii fyjI D‡cÿvi bq| whwb f~wi †fvR K‡ib Zvui fyuwo †e-mvgvj nq G K_v‡Zv
mevi Rvbv| Av‡iv Ly‡j ej‡Z n‡e welqwU| f~wi A_© cÖPzi; Avi fyuwo A_© †gvUv †cU| g‡b ivLyb f-Gi mv‡_ E-Kvi ( ~ ) Ges e-‡q-we›`y
ÔiÕ| cÿvišÍ‡i †gvUv †c‡Ui evbvbUvq f-Gi mv‡_ D-Kvq ( y ) Ges W-‡q-we›`y-o, P›`ª we›`y‡Zv Av‡QB|

75. my¯^vMZg Rvbv‡eb bv: my¯^vMZg hviv Rvbvq Zv‡`i Rvbvb hv‡”Q †h, Zviv fyj Rvbvq| Rvbv‡Z n‡e ¯^vMZg| KviYUv Gevi ewj, GUv mwÜNwUZ
fyj| my+AvMZ = ¯^vMZ, A_v©r my AvMZB ¯^vMZ, myZivs ¯^vM‡Zi mv‡_ hviv ÔmyÕ †`q, Zviv GUv evowZ †`q, GwU Ab_©K †`qv, my¯^v¯’¨I GiKg
fyj| my¯^v¯’¨ bq ¯^v¯’¨|

76. HK¨gZ/HKgZ¨: HK¨g‡Z †cŠuQv hv‡e bv, †cŠuQ‡Z n‡e HKg‡Z¨| welqUv ewj, kãUv ÔGKgZÕ Zvi mv‡_ †hvM n‡q‡Q ÔhÕ cÖZ¨q, n‡q‡Q
HKgZ¨, myZivs HK¨gZ kãwU Aï×| ï× n‡jv HKgZ¨|

77. fwel¨ØvYx/fwel¨revYx: mveav‡b fwel¨ØvYx Ki‡eb| evbv‡b hw` LÐ (r) Z _v‡K| Zv n‡j evYx Avi Pj‡e bv| Pjv‡Z n‡j LÐ (r) Z Gi
RvqMvq Ô`Õ w`b| wjLyb ÔfwelØvYxÕ| welqUvq mwÜi| fwel¨r+evYx = fwel¨ØvYx| c‡i e _vKvq c~e©eZx© Z-Gi ¯’‡j Ô`Õ n‡q‡Q|
78. AÎ/hÎ/ZÎ: AÎ A_©- GLv‡b, hÎ A_©- †hLv‡b, ZÎ A_©-†mLv‡b| ejv nq hÎZÎ gqjv †dj‡eb bv| A_v©r †hLv‡b †mLv‡b gqjv †dj‡eb
bv| meB wVK Av‡Q| wKš‘ ÔAÎÕ k‡ãi GKwU cÖ‡qvM †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq| †jLv nq ÔAÎ Awd‡m ...., AÎ ¯‹z‡ji ........ BZ¨vw`| hvi A_©
nq ÔGLv‡b Awd‡m ........, ev GLv‡b ¯‹z‡ji ......|Õ Kx fyj cÖ‡qvM!

79. †fŠMwjK/‡fŠ‡MvwjK: Ô‡fŠMwjKÕ evbvbwU Qvc‡Z †`wL eû RvqMvq| ÕMÕ Gi mv‡_ I-Kvi († v) bv _vK‡j f~ Avi †Mvj _v‡K bv, ÕMjÕ n‡q hvq|
c„w_ex‡Zv †Mvj| myZivs M-Gi mv‡_ I-Kvi bv _vK‡j P‡j wK? AZGe, ï× kãwU n‡e Ôf~‡MvjÕ|

80. m~ax/mywa: ÔmyaxÕ evbvb gv‡S gv‡S E-Kvi ( ~ ) w`‡q ev B-Kvi (w) w`‡q †jLv nq †`wL, wKš‘ myax, g‡b ivL‡eb D-Kvi ( y ) Ges C- Kvi (x)-
Kvi Iqvjv myax-B n‡jb ï×|
81. msea©bv/m¤^a©bv: eo eo c`v©q Ôm¤^a©bvÕ Gfv‡eB MwR©qvmwj wjL‡Z †`Lv hvq| G †h fyj evbvb| evbvbwU Ô¤^Õ w`‡q bq; ÔsÕ w`‡q| A_v©r- Ôm¤^a©bvÕ
bq, Ômsea©bvÕ| G iƒc Av‡iv wKQz evbvb †hgbÑ ¯^qsei, msewjZ, wcÖqse`v Ô¤^Õ w`‡q wjLv hv‡e bv| ¯^q¤^i, m¤^wjZ, wcÖq¤^`v -G¸‡jv Aï×
evbvb|

82. Avgmg~n LvPvq fwZ© Ki: bv Av‡gi mv‡_ Ômg~nÕ k‡ãi wgjb n‡e bv| ÔAv‡giÕ mv‡_ ¸‡jv ev ¸wji wgjb n‡e| A_v©rÑAvg¸‡jv ev Avg¸wj|
Ômg~nÕ k‡ãi mv‡_ hv‡e Avgª| n‡e, Avgªmg~n|

83. AvKvs•ÿv/AvKv•Lv/AvKvsLv: me¸‡jvB AbvKvw•ÿZ evbvb| AvKv•ÿv †gUv‡Z n‡j g‡b ivLv PvB ÔKv•ÿÕ avZz †_‡K D™¢~Z ÔAvKv•ÿvÕi †Kvb
weKí evbvb †bB| A_©vr-ÔOÕ-Gi ¯’‡j ÔsÕ Gi ÔÿÕ-Gi ¯’‡j ÔLÕ †jLv hv‡e bv|

84. A‡cvMZ: A_© bvevjK ev AcÖvß eq¯‹ evjK| AKg©Y¨ ev Ac`v_© A‡_© Gi cÖ‡qvM Aï×|

85. we‡`n/we‡`nx: we‡`nx AvZ¥vi gvM‡divZ Kvgbv Kiv nq| Ôwe‡`nÕ we‡klY A_© Akixix ev †`nk~b¨, Gi †k‡l ÔCÕ cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i Avevi
we‡klY Kivi cÖeYZv eR©bxq| Avgiv we‡`n AvZ¥vi gvM‡divZ Kvgbv Kie|

86. fvlv/fvlx: fvlv †h e¨envi K‡i †m-B nq fvlx| †hgbÑ evsjv †h e¨envi K‡i †m evsjv fvlx, †Zgwb D`©y fvlx BZ¨vw`| fvlv fvlx †jLvUv
nvmv nvwmi gZ e¨vcvi| A_v©rÑevsjv fvlv fvlx ejv/†jLvUv Aï×| Ôevsjv fvlxÕ wjL‡jB P‡j|

87. A®ú„k¨/A¯ú„m¨: `y'‡Uv evbvbB fyj| ï× evbvb n‡jv ÔA¯ú„k¨Õ| g‡b ivLyb Av‡M ÔmÕ c‡i ÔkÕ| m Gi hvqMvq lÕ bq Ges k Gi ¯’v‡b m bq|
88. aywjm¨vr: me a~wjmvr n‡q hv‡e, hw` a-Gi mv‡_ D ( y) Kvi Avi m-Gi mv‡_ h ( ¨ )-djv †`qv nq| a-Gi mv‡_ w`‡Z n‡e E-Kvi Avi m-
Gi mv‡_ h (¨) djv n‡e bv| Giƒc-AwMœmvr, f~wgmvr BZ¨vw`|
89. eyrcwË/ey¨rcwË: e-Gi mv‡_ h-djv bv w`‡j Ôey¨rcwËÕ evbv‡b wecwË N‡U hv‡e| ï× nj, ey¨rcwË|

90. gygyl©y, g~gyly©, gyg~l:© me fyj| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Av‡M-wc‡Q DKvi ( y ) Ges gvSLv‡b EKvi ( ~ ) e¨vm| evbvbwU-gyg~l©y|

91. wkÿ‡qÎx/wkÿwqÎx: evbvbwUi fyj iƒc †Pv‡L co‡e A‡b‡KiB| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e q-Gi mv‡_ G-Kvi (†) w`‡jB M”Qv| q-Gi mv‡_ w`‡Z n‡e
B-Kvi (w ), Zvn‡j eySv‡Mj †k‡li A_v©r ÔwkÿwqÎxÕ kãwU ï×! |
92. N~Y©xqgvY/N~Y©vqgvb: evbvb `yÕwU †Lqvj Kiyb| cÖ_g evbv‡b Y-Gi mv‡_ C-Kvi (x) Av‡Q, †k‡l Avevi Y Av‡Q|GUv APj evbvb| GUv Pvjv‡eb
bv| ï× evbv‡b Y-Gi mv‡_ Av-Kvi (v) _vK‡e Avi †k‡l _vK‡e ÔbÕ| evbvbwU ÔN~Y©vqgvbÕ| N~Y©¨gvb ej‡jI wKš‘ P‡j| Avi g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
N-Gi mv‡_ E-Kvi ( ~ ) w`‡ZB n‡e|
93. †kªvZve„›`/†kªvZ…e„›`: Ô‡kªvZve„›`Õ GwU fyj evbvb| A_v©r Z-Gi mv‡_ Av-Kvi (v) w`‡q wjL‡jB †fRvj| ï× evbvb Ô‡kªvZ…e„›`Õ| A_v©r Z-Gi
mv‡_ F-Kvi w`‡jB evwRgvr|
94. ¯‹/®‹: m-‡q K Ges l-‡q K †K wb‡q KZ †h weåvU! Rvbv _vK‡j mn‡RB evuPv hvq G weåvU †_‡K| welqwU nj wemM© mwÜ NwUZ| A_v©r wemM©
mw܇Z GKwU wbqg Av‡Q GB iKg| c‡i hw` ÔKÕ _v‡K Avi wem‡M©i Av‡M D”PviY hw` A-Kvi nq Zvn‡j wemM©wU m n‡q hvq| †hgbÑ
cyit+Kvi = cyi¯‹vi, (†hvM wP‡ýi) c‡i K Av‡Q Ges wem‡M©i Av‡M A-Kvi Av‡Q| GB iƒc Av‡iv wKQz evbvb, †hgbÑ bg¯‹vi, wZi¯‹vi,
†ZR¯‹i, hk¯‹i BZ¨vw`|
cÿvšÍ‡i, wem‡M©i Av‡M hw` A-Kvi bv †_‡K B-Kvi _v‡K Zvn‡j wemM©wU l n‡q hvq| †hgbÑ cwit+Kvi = cwi®‹vi| (c‡i K Av‡Q, Ges
wem‡M©i c~‡e© B-Kvi Av‡Q) GB iKg ewn®‹vi, wb®‹gv©, wb®‹…wZ, wb®‹vlY|
A-Kvi, B-Kv‡ii K_v g‡b ivLyb A_v©rÑA-Kvi †`L‡jB Ô¯‹Õ Ges B-Kvi †`L‡jB Ô®‹Õ nq|
95. †fwi/†fwo/†fox: me KwU evbvbB wVK, cv_©K¨, †Kej A‡_©| †fwi A_©- XvK, †fwo A_©- cvwb AvUKvevi Rb¨ DuPy evua| Avi †fox A_© nj-
†fovi ¯¿x wj½ (gv`x †fov)|

96. cvi/cvo: `y‡Uv k‡ãi evbvbB wVK Av‡Q| Z‡e Zv‡`i A_© Rvbv bv _vK‡j †fRv‡ji nvZ †_‡K cvi cvIqv gyw®‹j| e-‡q we›`y w`‡q †h cvi
Zvi A_© `yBwU, GKwU nj b`x cvi, Av‡iKwU nj wb®K…wZ| W-‡q- we›`y w`‡q †h cvo Zvi A_© I `ywU: GKwU nj cyK‡z ii cvo; Av‡iKwU nj
kvwoi wKbviv|

97. GZØviv: G evbvbUv †`‡L †`‡LB Avgiv Rxeb cvi KiwQ| †h-†Kvb weÁvc‡bi cÖÁvc‡bi ïi”‡ZB Zvi Ae¯’vb Kvi bv †Pv‡L c‡o? wKš‘ Avr†K IVvi gZ
fyj evbvb GwU! welqUv Ly‡j ewj, ÔGZÕ nj cwigvY evPK we‡klY †hgb ejv nq, GZUzKz `ya, GZ¸‡jv eB BZ¨vw`| Avi ÔØvivÕ A_© w`qv| Zvn‡j ÔGZØvivÕ
K_vwUi A_© `vovq ÔGZUzKz w`qvÕ ev ÔGZ¸‡jv w`qvÕ gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv ÔGZ ØvivÕ †hLv‡b e¨envi Kiv nq †mLv‡b wK ÔGZUzKz w`qvÕ ev ÔGZ¸‡jv w`qvÕ A‡_©
e¨envi Kiv nq? bv, †gv‡UB bv| e¨envi Kiv nq, Bnv Øviv A‡_©| Bnv A_© GZr Avi GB GZr-Gi mv‡_ mwÜ nq ÔØvivÕ k‡ãi `yB‡q wg‡j nq GZÏviv,
A_v©r GZr+Øviv, Z-Gi c‡i Ô`Õ _vK‡j (†hvM wP‡ýi c‡i) c~e©eZx© (†hvM wP‡ýi c~‡e©i) Z (r) Ô`Õ n‡q hvq| welqwU mwÜi| Giƒc- hÏviv, hwÏb, hÏyi
BZ¨vw`|
98. giv/gov: evbvb wVK Av‡Q `y‡UvB| wKš‘ A_© bv Rvb‡j gvi †L‡Z n‡e| giv A_© g„Zz¨eiY| †hgbÑ giv b`x, giv MvO BZ¨vw`| Avi gov A_©
jvk| †hgbÑ iv¯Ívi av‡i GKwU gov c‡o Av‡Q| Zvn‡j gi‡Yi cieZx© ¯Íi nj gov|

99. `xN©m~wÎZv: Ggb evbvbB †kvbv hvq; †jLvI †`Lv hvq| wKš‘ G‡K _vgv‡bv `iKvi| G fy‡ji `xN©m~ÎZv Avi KZ w`b Pj‡e| A_v©r ï× evbvbwU
n‡e `xN©m~ÎZv; `xN©m~wÎZv bq|

100. P›`ª we›`yi gv_vq IVv: P›`ª we›`y e‡Y©i gv_vq I‡V, Z‡e LvgvLv I‡V bv, Kvi‡Y I‡V| KviYwU wbgœiƒc:

O T Y b g Ges s hy³ Av‡Q Ggb Zrmg kã PwjZ evsjvq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡j D³ bvwmK¨ eY©¸‡jv cwiewZ©Z n‡q P›`ªwe›`yi iƒc aviY K‡i|
†hgbÑ

O Ñ A¼b > AvuKv

T Ñ MwÄKv > MvuRv

YÑ KÈK > KvuUv

b Ñ `šÍ > `vuZ

g Ñ K¤úb > Kvucv

s Ñ nsm > nvum|

 aŸwb I eY©

cÖkœ: aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi: D”PviY ev AvIqv‡Ri ÿz`ªZg Ask‡K ejv nq aŸwb|
cÖkœ: aŸwbi mvs‡KwZK iƒc ev cÖZxK‡K Kx e‡j?
DËi: eY©|
cÖkœ: evsjv fvlvi †gŠwjK aŸwb¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZ Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
DËi: `yB fv‡M- 1. ¯^iaŸwb I 2. e¨Äb aŸwb|
cÖkœ: ¯^iaŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: dzmdzm ZvwoZ evZvm gyL weei †_‡K †ewi‡q †h‡Z hw` †Kv_v evavcÖvß ev AvNvZcÖvß bv n‡q †h mKj aŸwb D”PvwiZ nq, Zv‡K ejv nq
¯^iaŸwb|
cÖkœ: e¨Äb aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: dzmdzm ZvwoZ evZvm gyL weei †_‡K †ewi‡q †h‡Z hw` †Kv_vI bv †Kv_vI evavcÖvß, AvNvZcÖvß ev Nl©bcÖvß n‡q †h me aŸwb D”P D”PvwiZ
nq, Zv‡K ejv nq e¨Äb aŸwb|
cÖkœ: evsjv eY©gvjvq c~Y©gvÎvi eY© KqwU?
DËi: 32wU|
cÖkœ: ¯^ie‡Y©i mswÿß iƒc‡K Kx ejv nq?
DËi: Kvi|
cÖkœ: ¯úk©eY© †Kvb¸‡jv?
DËi: K †_‡K g ch©šÍ (25wU eY©)|
cÖkœ: evsjv fvlvi †gŠwjK ¯^iaŸwb KqwU I Kx Kx?
DËi: 7wU| h_v: A, Av, B, D, G, I , A¨v|
cÖkœ: ¯^ie‡Y© Aa©gvÎv eY© KqwU?
DËi: GKwU|
cÖkœ: ZvobRvZ aŸwb †Kvb¸‡jv?
DËi: o I p|
cÖkœ: K, L, M, N, O †K †Kvb aŸwb ejv nq?
DËi: wRnŸvg~jxq ev KÚ aŸwb|
cÖkœ: gvÎv Kx?
DËi: †Kvb e‡Y©i Dci †`Iqv Kwl ev †iLv|
cÖkœ: LuvwU evsjv k‡ãi ÔGÕ Gi D”PiY †Kgb?
DËi: wee„Z|
cÖkœ: djv Kv‡K e‡j? djv KqwU I Kx Kx?
DËi: e¨ÄY e‡Y©i msÿwß iƒc‡K ejv nq djv| djv QqwU h_v: h, e, g, i, j I b-djv|
cÖkœ: Kvi KqwU I Kx Kx?
DËi: 10wU| h_v: Av >v, B > w, C > x,D > y, E > ~, F > „, G > †, H > ˆ, I > †v Ges J > †Š-Kvi|
cÖkœ: †hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: cvkvcvwk `ywU ¯^iaŸwb _vK‡j `ªæZ D”Pvi‡Yi mgq Zv GKwU mshy³ ¯^iaŸwb iƒ‡c D”PvwiZ nq| G iƒ‡c GK m‡½ D”PwiZ `y‡Uv wgwjZ ¯^iaŸwb‡K
†hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwb ejv nq|
cÖkœ: †hŠwMK ¯^i‡K Avi Kx Kx ejv nq?
DËi: mwܯ^i, mvܨ¯^i ev wØ-¯^i|
cÖkœ: evsjv fvlvq †hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwb KZwU?
DËi: cuwPkwU|
cÖkœ: evsjv eY©gvjvq †hŠwMK ¯^iÁvcK eY© KqwU I Kx Kx?
DËi: `ywUÑ H Ges J|
cÖkœ: A‡Nvl aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbyiwbZ nq bv, Zv‡K ejv nq A‡Nvl aŸwb| †hgb: K, L, P, Q BZ¨vw`|
cÖkœ: †Nvl aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbyiwYZ nq Zv‡K †Nvl aŸwb e‡j| †hgb: M, N, R, S BZ¨vw`|
cÖkœ: AícÖvY aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq evZv‡mi Pv‡ci ¯^íZv _v‡K, Zv‡K ejv nq AícÖvY aŸwb| †hgb: K, M, P, R BZ¨vw`|
cÖkœ: gnvcÖvY aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq evZv‡mi Pv‡ci AvwaK¨ _v‡K, Zv‡K ejv nq gnvcÖvY aŸwb| †hgb: L, N, Q, S BZ¨vw`|
cÖkœ: AšÍ:¯’ aŸwb Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: ¯úk© aŸwb I D®§ aŸwbi gv‡Si aŸwb¸‡jv‡K ejv nq AšÍ:¯’ aŸwb| †hgb: h, i, j|
cÖkœ: hy³eY© Kx? evjv fvlvq e¨eüZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ hy³eY©M‡jv wjL|
DËi: GKvwaK eY© GK‡Î hy³fv‡e e¨eüZ n‡j Zv‡K hy³eY© ejv nq|
hy³eY© we‡klY MwVZ kã
K© i& + K ZK©, AK©|
° K& + K Q°v, av°v, wP°Y|
K¡ K& + e cK¡, wbK¡Y|
ÿ K& + l iÿv, cixÿv|
¼ O& + K A¼, c¼|
½ O& + M M½v, e½|
•ÿ O& + K& + l AvKv•ÿv, ïfvKv•ÿx|
² K& + l& + g j²x, j²Y|
þ n& + g eªvþY, eªþcyÎ|
¾¡ R& + R& + e D¾¡j, J¾¡j¨|
 T+P mÂq, AÂj|
”T P& + T hv”Tv|
à T& + Q evÃ, evwÃZ|
Å T& + S SÅv, SÅvU|
ò l& + Y Z…òv, Dò|
Æ U& + U VvÆv, AÆvwjKv|
Uª U& + i ‡Uªb, UªvK|
Ë Z& + Z wPË, DËvj|
³ K& + Z k³, D³|
Zœ Z& + b hZœ, iZœ|
šÍ b& + Z `šÍ, mšÍvb|
Z¥ Z& + g AvZ¥, gvivZ¥K|
å f& + i ågi, ågY|
Î Z& + i ÎvY, wgÎ|

hy³eY© we‡klY MwVZ kã

Δ Z& + i& + D kΔ, ΔywU|
µ K + i- djv µq, µxov|
Ì Z& + _ DÌvb, DwÌZ|
Ø `& + e †Øl, weØvb|
× `& + a hy×, D×vi|
» M& + a gy», `»|
Ü b& + a cÖeÜ, eÜ|
š¿¨ b& + Z + i + h ¯^vZš¿¨|
ä e& + a ¯Íä, Dcjwä|
nè n& + Y c~ev©nè, Acivnè|
ý n& + b wPý, ga¨vý|
ü n& + F myü`, ü`q|
¤¢ g& + f m¤¢e, i¤¢|
nŸ n& + e wenŸj, AvnŸvb|
Ù `& + g cÙ, cÙv|
Ð Y& + W KvÐ, `Ð|
`¨ `+h A`¨, c`¨|
Ä T& + R MÄ, AÄwj|
Á R& + T Ávb, weÁvb|
kªy k& + i + djv +D Kvi k¥kÖy (†Muvd `vwo)|
kÖƒ k&+i djv+E Kvi k¦kÖƒ (kvïwo|
¤§ g& + g Av¤§v|
b¥ b& + g Zb¥q|
gœ g &+ b wbgœ|
Îy Z& + i djv + D Kvi ÎywU|
ü n& + F Kvi ü`q|
à T& + Q AevwÃZ|
È Y& + U KÈK (KuvUv)|
Ï `& + ` MvÏvi (wek¦vm NvZK)
óª l& + U + i- djv ivóª, Dóª (DU)
š¿ b& + Z& + i- djv gš¿ (civgk©)
›`ª b& + `& + i- djv g›`ª (M¤¢xi)
›Ø b& + `& + e-djv Ø›Ø (†Rvov)|

GwU GKwU bgybv n¨vÛ‡bvU

ÒKgwcøU wcÖcv‡ik‡bi Rb¨ †R‡bwmm cÖ`Ë eyKwj÷ d‡jv Ki‡ebÓ