GAME THEORY Prof.

Sanjay Christian
JGIBA (Assistant Professor)
M.Phil (Statistics), M.Sc (Statistics) & B.Sc (Statistics)
 Player A and B toss a dice. If even number occurs on both dice, player A gets 8 Rs,
1 if odd number occurs on both dice, player A gets 6 Rs. If one gets odd and other
gets even, player B gets 5 Rs. Determine the best strategy for each players.

Player B

𝑬𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑶𝒅𝒅
Player B
Row 𝑬𝒗𝒆𝒏 8 -5
𝑬𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝑶𝒅𝒅 Minimum Player A
Here,
𝑶𝒅𝒅 -5 6
𝑬𝒗𝒆𝒏 8 -5 -5
Player A From Row Minimum, we find Maximum Value i.e.,
𝑶𝒅𝒅 -5 6 -5 Maxi-Min=-5
and
Column 8 6
Maximum From Column Maximum, we find Minimum Value
i.e., Mini-Max=6
𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊. 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≠ 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊. 𝒎𝒂𝒙
Saddle point does not exist.
As Saddle Point does not exist, the player will use Mixed Strategies.
 𝒂𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = −𝟓
𝒒𝟏 + 𝒒𝟐 = 𝟏
𝒑𝟏 + 𝒑𝟐 = 𝟏
𝒂𝟐𝟏 = −𝟓 𝒂𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔

𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐

𝒑𝟏 = 𝒒𝟏 =
𝒂𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐
𝟔 − (−𝟓) 𝟔 − (−𝟓)
= =
𝟖 + 𝟔 − −𝟓 + (−𝟓) 𝟖 + 𝟔 − −𝟓 + (−𝟓)
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= =
𝟏𝟒 − −𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 − −𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
= =
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝒑𝟏 = 𝒒𝟏 =
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑
𝒑𝟐 = 𝟏 − 𝒑𝟏 = 𝟏 − = 𝒒𝟐 = 𝟏 − 𝒒𝟏 = 𝟏 − =
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
Optimum mixed strategy for Player A is 𝑨𝟏 , 𝑨𝟐 Optimum mixed strategy for Player B is 𝑩𝟏 , 𝑩𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟑
𝑺𝑨 = 𝒑𝟏 , 𝒑𝟐 = , 𝑺𝑩 = 𝒒𝟏 , 𝒒𝟐 = ,
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
 𝒂𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖 𝒂𝟏𝟐 = −𝟓
𝒂𝟐𝟏 = −𝟓 𝒂𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔

𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟏

𝑽=
𝒂𝟏𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐𝟏 + 𝒂𝟏𝟐
𝟖 𝟔 − −𝟓 −𝟓
=
𝟖 + 𝟔 − −𝟓 + (−𝟓)
𝟒𝟖 − 𝟐𝟓
=
𝟏𝟒 − −𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟑
=
𝟐𝟒
 2
Find the range of the values of x and y which will make the element
(2,2) a saddle point for the same. Player B
𝐵1 𝐵2 𝐵3
𝐴1 2 4 5
Player A 𝐴2 10 7 𝑦
Player B
𝐴3 4 𝑥 6
Row
𝑩𝟏 𝑩𝟐 𝑩𝟑 Minimum Here,
𝑨𝟏 2 4 5 2 It is said that the Saddle Point is at (2,2)

Player A 𝑨𝟐 10 7 y 7 𝑶𝑹
𝑨𝟑 4 x 6 𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊. 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊. 𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟕

Column 10 7 𝒚 ≥ 𝟕 ( ∵ 𝒊𝒇 𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝟕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒘 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎)

Maximum
𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒙 ≤ 𝟕 ( ∵ 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 𝒊𝒔 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝟕 𝒐𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎)
𝒙≤𝟕 & 𝒚≥𝟕