VOCABULARY SET 25: CAR-FREE DAYS

Vocabulary:
1. advocate (n): những người chủ trương/tán thành
2. atmosphere (n) - atmospheric (adj): không khí, khí quyển
3. contaminant (n) - contaminate (v): (chất) gây ô nhiễm
4. contribute (v): đóng góp
5. culprit (n): nguyên nhân
6. curtail (v): rút ngắn, cắt bớt
7. designate (v): chỉ định, dành riêng
8. emission (n): khí thái, chất thải
9. eschew (v): tránh làm việc gì đó
10. exaggerate (v) - exaggeration (n): cường điệu hóa, phóng đại
11. exert (v); nỗ lực tạo thành
12. flaw (v/n): khuyết điểm, thiếu sót
13. fume (n): khói
14. guarantee (v): bảo đảm, cam đoan
15. holistic (adj): toàn diện
16. levy (v): đánh thuế
17. long-lasting (adj) - longer-lasting (comparative adj): lâu dài, bền bỉ
18. mere (adj): chỉ (đơn thuần) là
19. reduce (v) - reduction (n): giảm bớt
20. short-term - long-term (adj): ngắn hạn - dài hạn
21. significant (adj): đáng kể
22. ubiquity (n) - ubiquitous (adj): có mặt ở mọi nơi
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. area / park / be / specially / designate / children.
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2. much / coast / be / contaminate / nuclear waste.
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3. high / cost / fuel / sure / curtail / holiday travel / this year.
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4. outspoken / singer / be / advocate / gay and lesbian / right.
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5. he / tend / exaggerate / when / talk / about / accomplishment
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Task 2: Translate from Vietnamese to English
1. Sau nhiều nghiên cứu, các nhà khoa học đã tìm ra nguyên nhân của căn bệnh là do rối loạn gien.
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2. Mặc dù tôi thích uống cà phê, tôi đã lựa chọn tránh thức uống này bởi những tác hại cà phê mang tới
cho ràng miệng tôi. 
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3. Khi nhà cầm quyền quyết định đánh thêm thuế vào các sản phẩm thuốc lá, những người hút thuốc đã
tràn ra đường phố để biểu tình.
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4. Cách chữa trị toàn diện mà bác sỹ của tôi đưa ra bao gồm thảo mộc và các loại vitamin giúp nâng cao
sức khỏe.
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5. Từ cửa sổ khách sạn, tôi có thể nhìn thấy khí thải ô nhiễm từ một nhà máy liền kề.
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Task 3: Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases
advocate (n) guarantee (v)
atmosphere (n) holistic (adj)
contaminant (n) levy (v)
contribute (v) long-lasting (adj)
culprit (n) mere (adj)
curtail (v) reduce (v) - reduction (n)
designate (v) short-term - long-term (adj)
emission (n) significant (adj)
eschew (v) ubiquity (n) - ubiquitous (adj)
exaggerate (v) exert (v)
exaggeration (n) flaw (v/n)
fume (n)
 Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air pollution, others
think there are some other ways. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The 1___________of cars is often considered as a major 2___________of air quality degradation in
many countries. To combat 3___________pollution, many suggest that car-free days should be held
internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve little success, and there are more
effective methods to preserve the atmosphere.
4___________of organising global car-free days may argue that the absence of cars promotes the use
of public transport and activities such as cycling and walking, which all 5___________considerably to
the 6___________of traffic emissions. This argument, from my perspective, is 7___________, because of
two facts. The first is that a few days without cars out of 365 days of the year may help cut down as little
as one percent of the annual amount of traffic 8___________, so the assertion that this
9___________reduction is 10___________is a 11___________. The second is that this solution does not
limit the massive amount of air 12___________being released from industrial zones. It is therefore a one-
sided approach and arguably not an effective way to address the problem of air pollution.
There are, in myopinion, better measures to minimise air pollution. One of them is constructing
dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes 13___________that public transport is
relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may encourage a majority of commuters to
14___________their personal vehicles in favour of mass transit. The implication is that motor vehicle use
may be reduced throughout the year, which 15___________a 16___________impact on minimising
traffic fumes than international car free days may do. Another measure is 17___________a tax on carbon
usage in all areas, including transport and industrial production.This measure has been adopted in several
countries including the United Kingdom, and has proven its effectiveness as a 18___________approach
to 19___________in all fields.
To sum up, I believe the organisation of world car free days may produce little effect on protecting the
atmosphere. Other solutions, namely building 20___________lanes for public vehicles and taxing all
industries on carbon usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
354 words, written by Tu Pham
Key:
Task l:
1. This area of the park has been specially designated for children.
2. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.
3. The high cost of fuel is sure to curtail holiday travel this year.
4. The outspoken singer is an advocate for gay and lesbian rights.
5. He tends to exaggerate when talking about his accomplishments.
Task 2: Answers may vary
1. After much research, scientists identified the culprit of the disease as a genetic disorder.
2. Even though I love coffee, I have chosen to eschew the beverage because of the damage it does to my
teeth.
3. When the governor decided to levy additional fees on tobacco products, smokers took to
the streets in protest.
4. The holistic treatment prescribed by my doctor includes herbs and vitamins that will improve my
general well-being.
5. From the hotel window, I could see the emission of pollutants coming from a nearby factory.
Task 3
The (1) ubiquity of cars is often considered as a major (2) culprit of air quality degradation in many
countries. To combat (3) atmospheric pollution, many suggest that car-free days should be held
internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve little success, and there are more
effective methods to preserve the atmosphere.
(4) Advocates of organising global car-free days may argue that the absence of cars promotes the use
of public transport and activities such as cycling and walking, which all (5) contributes considerably to
the (6) reduction of traffic emissions. This argument, from my perspective, is (7) flawed, because of two
facts. The first is that a few days without cars out of 365 days of the year may help cut down as little as
one percent of the annual amount of traffic (8) fumes, so the assertion that this (9) short-term reduction
is (10) significant is a (11) mere exaggeration. The second is that this solution does not limit the
massive amount of air (12) contaminants being released from industrial zones. It is therefore a one-sided
approach and arguably not an effective way to address the problem of air pollution.
There are, in my opinion, better measures to minimise air pollution. One of them is constructing
dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes (13) guarantee that public transport is
relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may encourage a majority of commuters to
(14) eschew their personal vehicles in favour of mass transit. The implication is that motor vehicle use
may be reduced throughout the year, which (15) exerts a (16) longer-lasting impact on minimising
traffic fumes than international car free days may do. Another measure is (17) levying a tax on carbon
usage in all areas, including transport and industrial production. This measure has been adopted in several
countries including the United Kingdom, and has proven its effectiveness as a (18) holistic approach to
(19) curtail emissions in all fields.
To sum up, I believe the organisation of world car free days may produce little effect on protecting the
atmosphere. Other solutions, namely building (20) designated lanes for public vehicles and taxing all
industries on carbon usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
354 words, written by Tu Pham