62 arqiloqosi

arqiloqosi
(Zv.w. VII s-is Sua wlebi)

berZnuli lirikis umniSvnelovanes Janrad iamburi poezia iTvleba. igi Tavisi

arsiT deklamaciuri iyo da Tavdapirvelad leqsad Tqmul dacinvas, an saerTod
kafias ewodeboda. Zvel saberZneTSi is didi popularobiT sargeblobda.
erT-erTi pirveli iambografosi, romlis Semoqmedebis fragmentebmac Cvenamde
moaRwies, aris arqiloqosi. xSirad mas miaweren iamburi sazomis gamogonebas. Cve-
namde moRweuli misi fragmentebi gamarTulia deklamaciuri lirikisaTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli yvela sazomiT (iambebiT, troqeebiT, elegiuri distiqiT), aseve sa-
simRero lirikisaTvis niSandoblivi epodebiT.
arqiloqosi pirveli elini poetia, romlis moRvaweobis xanis zusti daTari-
Reba xerxdeba, radganac igi Tavis erT-erT leqsSi moixseniebs mzis dabnelebas:
`gvmarTebs yovlis molodini, gvmarTebs yovlis brma rwmena,
aw arafers gaviocebT, radgan RmerTTa meufem
SuadRisiT movlenili Rameuli ukuniT
mzis naTeli daubnela SiSiT SeZrul miwierT.
im wamidan moulodnels vaRiarebT mowevnad,
saocari ar iqneba, Tuki ise moxdeba,
zRvebi mTebSi gaucvalon delfinebma mTis cxovelT,
sanukvari gaxdes maTTvis borobani tyeebi,
mxecTaTvis ki _ mRelvare zRvis zvirTTa aboboqreba~.1
(122)
astronomTa azriT, am fragmentSi poeturad asaxuli mzis dabneleba Zv.w. 648
wlis 6 aprils unda momxdariyo. zogi mkvlevari saeWvod Tvlis am daTariRebas,
samagierod sakmaod sandod miiCnevs im faqts, rom arqiloqosis mamas, telesik-
less Zv.w. 675 wels parosuli kolonia dauarsebia kunZul Tasosze. unda aRiniS-
nos, rom arqiloqosis poezia biografiuli xasiaTisaa da misi gaTvalsiwinebiT
poetis portretis mravali detali xdeba cnobili. kerZod: arqiloqosis mama
warCinebuli ojaxiSvili yofila, deda ki _ mona qali, enipo. varaudoben, rom
warmomavlobis am laqam (berZenTa TvalSi) Taviseburad gansazRvra kidec poetis
bedi: rogorc ukanonod Sobils, mas ar hqonda ufleba mieRo mamiseuli memkvid-
reoba. amitom iZulebuli iyo Tavad moexveWa qoneba Soreul kunZul Tasosze,
romlis kolonizaciaSic misi winaprebi monawileobdnen. aq, mezobel Trakiul
tomebTan brZolebSi gaiara arqiloqosis cxovrebis mniSvnelovanma xanam. man, vi-
Tarca daqiravebulma mebrZolma, imogzaura kunZul evboaze, kontinentur saber-

1
Targmanebs warmovadgenT wignidan: helikoni. fragmentTa numeracias vuTiTebT m.l. vestis
gamocemis mixedviT.
arqiloqosi 63

ZneTSi da daeca brZolis velze kunZul naqsosze. misi cxovrebis mniSvnelovani

epizodia agreTve neobule Tavisi boroti mama likambesiT. legendis Tanaxmad,
likambesma ukanonod Sobil poets ar gaatana colad Tavisi qaliSvili. am gawbi-
lebisTvis arqiloqosma leqsebiT ise Seuracxyo isini, rom ara mxolod neobu-
lem, aramed misma debmac CamoixrCves Tavi.
poetis mdabiuri warmomavlobis am legendis gverdiT arsebobs sxva versiac,
romelic mis aristokratiul warmomavlobas gvamcnobs.
arqiloqosis mravalricxovan qmnilebaTagan Cvenamde metad mcire fragmentebi
SemorCa. maT Soris: elegiebi, romlebic imRereboda fleitaze Rvinis smis dros;
pirovnuli xasiaTis iamburi trimetrebi, mimarTuli, ZiriTadad, likambesisa da
neobulesadmi; troqeuli tetrametrebi Tasosis kolonizaciis, omis, sakuTari
ubedurebis, mzis dabnelebis da sxva movlenebis Sesaxeb; epodebi Sereuli met-
riT; tetrametrebi Sereuli ritmebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom pindarosi moixseni-
ebda mis epinikiebsac, romelTagan Cvenamde arafers mouRwevia (ix. ol. 9).
arqiloqosis Semoqmedebis mkvlevarTa saerTo aRiarebiT, didia am poetis
damsaxureba pirovnuli lirikis ganviTarebis sferoSi. kerZod, swored mis poe-
ziaSi warmoCinda sruli ZaliT poeturi `me~. igi, upirveles yovlisa, Tavis Tavs
axasiaTebs da winadadebas iwyebs `ego~-Ti (`me~):
`me var diadi RvTaebis enialiosis msaxuri,
CemTvis rodia ucxo muzaTa Zvirfasi ZRveni~
(1)
enialiosi igive omis RmerTi aresia. Sesabamisad poeti Tavis Tavs miiCnevs meb-
rZolad da poetad. Cvenamde moaRwia erTma fragmentma, sadac didi poeturi os-
tatobiT aris warmodgenili mebrZolis saxe:
`oroliT vatareb pursac da oroliT vatareb Rvinosac,
orolsve veyrdnobi odes vsvam ismaroselTa Rvinos~.
(3)
arqiloqosi, rogorc mebrZoli, Tavisi fsiqikiT gansxvavdeba eposis gmirTa
Rirseuli saxeebisgan. misi azriT, `daqiravebuli kaci manamdea megobari, vidre
ibrZvis~ (15). rogorc Cans, mas cxovrebam aswavla zomierebis dacva. igi ar is-
wrafvis brZolis velze mopovebuli didebisaken, arc qonebis moxveWisaken. Tavi-
si azri, albaT, poetma micvalebulTa sulebis hadesSi gadamyvani qaronis sityve-
biT gamoTqva:
`ar mxiblavs gigesi, oqroTi mdidari,
arc Suri mTrgunavs da arc RmerTTa saqmeni,
arc Zalmosileba mizidavs mefeTa,
Cems TvalTa sawiers ganSordnen isini~.
(19).
misi erTaderTi mizani sicocxlis SenarCunebaa, radgan:
`TvistomTagan didebas da pativs ver eRirseba
mkvdari, cocxals miegeba mxolod madli cocxalTa,
aseTia daRupulTa xvedri usazarlesi~.
(133)
am azrebiT Sepyrobili arqiloqosisaTvis ucxoa omis romantika, is tradicie-
bi, rac Zvel saberZneTSi jer kidev arsebobda: iaraRi, sabrZolo aRsaWurveli
mebrZolis Rirsebis simbolod iTvleboda.
gavixsenoT, Tu rogor erkinebodnen erTmaneTs homerosis gmirebi iaraRis-
Tvis. gmirTa gmirma aiasma Tavi moikla mxolod imis gamo, rom aqilevsis aRsaWur-
veli mas ar argunes meomrebma. sayovelTaod iyo cnobili sityvebi, romliTac
64 arqiloqosi

acilebda sparteli deda Tavis Svils: `fariT an farze~... arqiloqosi Segnebu-

lad upirispirdeboda am tradicias, rodesac werda:
`is uzado fari, romelic Cemda uneblied mivagde
CirgvebSi, amSvenebs albaT mavan saiels axla,
amiT avicdine sikvdili, dae, daikargos es fari,
arad daveZeb, uaress rodi SeviZen kvlavac~.
(5)

misTvis farisTvis Tavganwirvas azri ar hqonda, radgan ukeTesis SeZena SeeZ-

lo cocxals.
tradicias upirispirdeba arqiloqosi maSinac, rodesac misTvis misaRebi
strategosis Tvisebebs aRwers. misi azriT, sulac ar aris aucilebeli mxedar-
TmTavari garegnulad iyos uzado, mTavaria sulis simedgre (gavixsenoT antiku-
ri xanis gamoTqma: `lamaz sxeulSi lamazi sulia~):
`me ar mxiblavs strategosi axovnebiT rCeuli,
bzinvare TmebCamoSlili, mzvaobari nabijiT,
dae, iyos usaxuri, dabali da fexmrudi,
oRond myarad idges masze suliT Seudrekeli~.
(114)
arqiloqosma, romelsac mravali weli brZolis velze hqonda gatarebuli,
kargad icoda sicocxlis fasi; icoda isic, rom RmerTebi sawuxars sixaruliT
cvlidnen da amitom mxneobisaken mouwodebda msmenels:
`dardiT daTrgunuli qalaqis arcerTi mosaxle, perikles,
aRar moisurvebs lxinSi Svebis da siamis Zebnas,
o, ra didebuli kacebi STanTqes boboqarma zvirTebma,
gminviT da cremlebis frqveviT mkerdSi gagvisivda guli.
magram gardauval lmobaTa salbuni gviboZes RmerTebma:
simxniT simZlavrea, Zmao, zegardmo moZRvnili ZRveni.
Jamidan-Jamamde umzadebs miwiers RvTaeba sawuxars,
dRes Cven gagvirisxda igi, dRes Cven viZirebiT sisxlSi,
xval sxvas daatydeba risxeba, qaluri godebis Tvinier
umZimes gansacdels swrafad unda davaRwioT Tavi~.
sazrunavTagan da mterTagan gabezrebuli poeti mxolod sakuTar Tavs endoba
da aseTi sityvebiT qadagebs:
`gulo, gulo, gaTangulo gloviTa da godebiT,
dards da urvas miegebe, aRorZindi lmobili,
mters sangarTan Causafrdi, nu Sedrkebi, ganmtkicdi,
gaimarjveb _ saxilvelad nu gaixdi sixaruls,
damarcxdebi _ nu igloveb Sin dardiT modrekili,
zomierad ixare da zomierad iwuxe,
Seimecne kacTa xvedris idumali wesrigi~.
(128)
mainc ra kanonzomiereba Seicno poetis dadardianebulma gulma? is xom ara,
rom `zevsia RmerTTa Soris utyuari winaswarmetyveli, rom mis xelSia yvela sas-
ruli~ (298) da amis gamo mokvdavs mxolod RmerTis imedi unda hqondes am cxovre-
baSi:
`RvTaebaTa uflobs neba, xSirad RmerTi Jamiers,
bedkruls, miwad muxlmodrekils, fexze wamoayenebs,
bedsvians ki gancxromis Jams umal pirqve daamxobs,
arqiloqosi 65

dasasruli ar eqneba kacTa bedis kirTebas:

upovarni, gonmixdilni ivlen miusafarad~
(130)
am filosofiuri Cafiqrebis gverdiT arqiloqosis lirikaSi erosis Temac
dominirebs. am SemTxvevaSi TvalSi sacemia poetis ormxrivi xasiaTi: mas uyvars ki-
dec da amave dros daundobelic aris. ai, misi romantikuli sulis ramdenime ga-
movlineba:

`neta Semaxo neobules xels...~

(118)

`ZiZam mirtiT dauzila Tma da mkerdi,

beber kacsac moxiblavda igi"
(48)

`xelT epyra mirtis toti

da mSvenieri vardi,
xarobda,
xolo Tmebi
Crdilad efina mxrebze~
(30-31)
arqiloqosi imave neobules asec moixseniebda:
`gaTaxsirebuli qali, dasiebuli fexebiT~ (206).
mkvelvarTa da mkiTxvelTa yuradReba miipyro erTma sakmaod vrcelma fragmen-
tma, romelic pirvelad 1974 wels gamoaqveynes r. merkelbaxma da m.l. vestma. erTi
wlis Semdeg igi savaraudo aRdgenebiTa da axleburi interpretaciiT warmoad-
gina miroslav markoviCma. es aris 35 striqoniani epodi _ dialogi axalgazrda
arqiloqossa da neobules umcros das Soris. fragmentSi moxseniebuli amfimedo
ki neobules (da misi debis) deda iyo.
sazomi am epodisa aris hemiepesi. am SemTxvevaSi igi emyareba erTmaneTisgan
ritmulad gansxvavebuli iamburi trimetrisa da dimetris monacvleobas, rac Se-
vecadeT agvesaxa kidec TargmanSi, romelic Sesrulebulia markoviCiseuli wa-
kiTxvis mixedviT:
`trfialebis wadils mTlad nu daiokeb,
Tu suli gevseba vnebiT,
Cvens saxlSi ipovni momxiblav gogonas,
romelsac surxar da mende,
ubiwo iTxove colad~. _ ase miTxra.
mivuge: `miwa rom faravs
im keTilSobili amfimedos qalo,
mismine: kiprisi Wabuks
siamovnebis gzas mravalgvars aniWebs,
erTs axlac ixilav, qorwils
merec moveswrebiT, ros RvTaebis nebiT
mziT gagverujeba Rawvni.
Txovna Segisrulo? Sen msurxar, pirvelma
unda gadavlaxo zRurbli,
Zvirfaso, Sens mwvane baRSi maxalise,
xolo neobule iyos
sxva kacTan. yvavili misi qalwulobis
daWkna, gaucvda xibli.
66 arqiloqosi

gadamwifebulic vnebas ver iokebs,

siSmagiT gviCvena Tavi.
gaqres! didi RmerTic veRar maiZulebs,
SevirTo aseTi qali.
masxarad amigdebs moyvasic, Zvirfaso,
Sengan ar moveli Ralats,
is unamusoa, mravalTan megobrobs
da vSiSob ugono ltolviT,
viT xvadma, umweo bavSvi ar Cavsaxo~.
vTqvi da avitace qali,
mindvris yvavilebSi Cavmale, davfare
rbili mosasxamiT. mfrTxali
ise gairinda, rogorc kravi mgelTan,
nazad veambore mkerdze;
man qalwulebrivi miZRvna siamaye.
TeTri sasicocxlo Zala
nebas mivuSvi da mis Tmas mivefere...~
(196)

arqiloqosis fragmentebSi SeiniSneba seqsis Tematikac (191; 193; 196; 119), romel-
Tagan zogierTSi ucenzuro sityvebic ki dasturdeba (42; 43 da sxva). poetma, ro-
gorc aRvniSneT, Tavisi daundobeli da basri eniT saqveynod gaiTqva saxeli. sak-
maod ostaturad iyenebda igi igav-arakis formasac. Seubralebeli iyo poeti ne-
obules mama likambesis mimarT. Cvenamde moRweul fragmentTagan aTamde mis wina-
aRmdeg aris mimarTuli. ai, erT-erTi maTgani:
`mama likambes, ra mzakvroba Cagidevs gulSi,
vin waritaca Seni goneba,
uwin ase rom gamxnevebda. masxrad gigdeben
axla ukve qalaqis mkvidrni~.
(172)
arqiloqosis dacinvas verc misi megobrebi gadaurCnen. ai, rogori sityvebiT
mimarTavs igi perikless: `bevri dalie ganuzavebeli Rvino, usasyidlod, mikono-
selTa msgavsad, Tanac modixar daupatiJeblad, TiTqosda didi megobari iyo. es
Seni stomaqi miuZRveba win Sens azrsa da gonebas urcxvobisaken~ (124).
Cans, arqiloqoss lirikis mraval sferoSi usinjavs kalami da yvela SemTxveva-
Si gamouxatavs Tavisi damokidebuleba garemomcveli samyarosa Tu adamianebi-
sadmi. am Tvisebis gamo igi mkvlevarebma berZnul literaturaSi axali etapis
damwyebad aRiares, rac poeturi `me~-s tradiciul samyarosTan, tradiciul Ri-
rebulebebTan dapirispirebiT gamoixata. arqiloqosi cxovrebam gaauxeSa, rac ai-
saxa kidec mis poeziaSi. misi leqsebis ena mZimea, xSirad uxamsi. poeti cdilobda
misTvis Sesaferisi formiT gamoeTqva is, rasac yoveldRiurad xedavda. damcina-
vi iambi mis ganwyobilebebs saTanadod moergo. moRweuli fragmentebis mixedviT
Tu vimsjelebT, Cven verasodes warmovidgenT liras mis xelSi, mxolod frigiul
sayvirs, romelic mkveTr xmebs gamoscemda.
miuxedavad amisa, arqiloqosis qmnilebebi didi popularobiT sargeblobdnen
ara mxolod poetis Tanamedrove, aramed Semdgom xanebSic. gadmogvcemen, rom he-
raklesadmi miZRvnili himni didxans imRereboda olimpiur asparezobebze. raf-
sodebi asrulebdnen mis qmnilebebs homerosisa da hesiodes poemebTan erTad.
mSobliuri kunZulis mkvidrebma mis pativsadebad daaweses gmiris kulti. arqi-
loqosis damcinavma, magram amasTanave poeturma satiram garkveuli gavlena iqo-
nia berZnuli komediis ganviTarebazec. Zveli avtorebi arqiloqoss homerosis
arqiloqosi 67

gverdiT ayenebdnen da Tvlidnen antikuri xanis udides da upirveles lirikosad

(plutrqosi, musikis Sesaxeb, 28).

lirika: iambebi, elegiebi, epodebi da sxva xasiaTis fragmentebi.