Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

CHAPTER 16
Member Theory of
Synclastic Shells
Structural Engineering
Civil Department
Supervisor by : Dr. Ayad
Prepared by: Lawend Kamal and Mustafa Azeez

18 January 2021
Theory of Shell

Shell Buildings

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Theory of Shells

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Theory of Shells

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Theory of Shells

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Theory of Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

CHAPTER 16
Member Theory of
Synclastic Shells
Structural Engineering
Civil Department
Supervisor by : Dr. Ayad
Prepared by: Lawend Kamal and Mustafa Azeez

18 January 2021
 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

Outline:
• The Rotational paraboloid and the Elliptic Paraboloid
• The Elliptic Paraboloid Geometry
• Membrane Differential Equation
• Stresses Due to Snow Load

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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

The Rotational Paraboloid

Outline:
• Geometry
• Stresses Under Snow Load P˳
• Stresses Under Dead Weight g
• Alternative Method For Snow Load
• Polynomial Stress Functions
• Polynomial Stress Functions for Dead Weight g
• Design Example
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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
The Rotational paraboloid and the Elliptic Paraboloid

• Among synclastic shells, the rotational- paraboloid and the elliptic

paraboloid are the two surfaces that are most frequently favored for
roofing very large column-free areas, square or rectangular in plan.

• Another form that has sometimes been employed is a shallow

spherical calotte or a square or rectangle ground plan “Arup, O.N., and
Jenkins 1953
• Dogrnotr 1961 reports that in Germany an area as large as 30 by 40 m
has been roofed over by spherical calotte shell only 7 cm

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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
• The rotational paraboloid and the elliptic paraboloid are surfaces of
translation whose- equation may be represented in the form

• Vertical sections of an elliptic paraboloid are parabolas and its

horizontal sections are ellipses Hence the name elliptic paraboloid

• A shell roof in the form of an elliptic paraboloid or rotational

paraboloid over a rectangular or square ground plan is usually
supported by "shear diaphragms 'on all the four edge

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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
• Note:
The diaphragms are assumed to be stiff enough in their own planes to
receive the shear load transferred by the shell but they cannot carry
any load applied normal to their planes.

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

Elliptic Paraboloid Rotational paraboloid

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
The Elliptic Paraboloid Geometry

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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
• The equation of in elliptic paraboloid assumes the 𝜕𝑧
form: p=
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑧
The total central rise of the shell q=𝜕𝑦

𝜕²𝑧
r=𝜕𝑥²

𝜕²𝑧
If .R1 and R2 are the radii of curvature of the two s=
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
generating parabolas it is easily seen that
𝜕²𝑧
t=𝜕𝑦²
Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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MEMBER THEORY OF SHELLS

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
Membrane Differential Equation

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Stresses Due to Snow Load
• When a uniformly distributed snow load of Po is acting on the shell Equation
(16-5) takes the form

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 The end

E.mail: lawend.Kamal@dpu.edu.krd
Phone Number:009647504578276
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Fourier series

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
∞
𝑎2
∅ = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 𝑝˳𝑦²
4𝑓𝑥
𝑛=1,2,3

∞
𝜕𝜙 𝑎2
= − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 ∗ −sin 𝜆𝑛𝑦 ∗ 𝜆𝑛 − 2 𝑝˳𝑦
𝜕𝑦 4𝑓𝑥
𝑛=1,2,3

𝑎2
ഥ 𝜕²𝜙 = − σ∞
𝑁x= 𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 ∗ −cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 ∗ 𝜆𝑛² − 2 𝑝˳
𝜕𝑦² 4𝑓𝑥

𝑎2
ഥ 𝜕²𝜙 = + σ∞
𝑁x= 𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝜆𝑛² cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛 − 2 𝑝˳
𝜕𝑦² 4𝑓𝑥

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∞
𝑎2
∅ = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 𝑝˳𝑦²
4𝑓𝑥
𝑛=1,2,3

∞
𝜕𝜙
= − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 ∗ sinh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 ∗ 𝐵𝑛 ∗ cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 0
𝜕𝑥
𝑛=1,2,3

ഥ 𝜕²𝜙 = − σ∞
𝑁y= 𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 ∗ cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 ∗ 𝐵𝑛² ∗ cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥²

𝜕²𝜙
ഥ
𝑁y=- = − σ∞
𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝐵𝑛² ∗ cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥²

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells
∞
𝑎2
∅ = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 𝑝˳𝑦²
4𝑓𝑥
𝑛=1,2,3

∞
𝜕𝜙
ഥ𝑥𝑦 = −
𝑁 =−∗ − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 ∗ sinh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 ∗ 𝐵𝑛 ∗ − sin 𝜆𝑛𝑦 ∗ 𝜆𝑛 − 0
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
𝑛=1,2,3

∞
𝜕𝜙
ഥ𝑥𝑦 = −
𝑁 = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 𝐵𝑛𝜆𝑛 ∗ sinh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 sin 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
𝑛=1,2,3

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∞
𝑎2
∅ = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 𝑝˳𝑦²
4𝑓𝑥
𝑛=1,2,3

2
ഥ 𝜕²𝜙 = + σ∞
𝑁x= 𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝜆𝑛² cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 2
𝑎
𝑝˳
𝜕𝑦² 4𝑓𝑥

𝜕²𝜙
ഥ
𝑁y=- = − σ∞ 2
𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝐵𝑛 ∗ cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥²

∞
𝜕𝜙
ഥ𝑥𝑦 = −
𝑁 = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 𝐵𝑛𝜆𝑛 ∗ sinh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 sin 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
𝑛=1,2,3

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• Because the traverses cannot receive any load normal to their planes‘
we have the following boundary condition
ഥ𝑥 =0 at x=±𝑎
𝑁
ഥ𝑦=0 at x=±𝑏
𝑁

• The second boundary conditions is automatically satisfied because of

the form of the expression. That we have assumed for the stress
function‘ To apply the first boundary :condition, it, is necessary to
expand the Uniformed load P0 in Fourier series in they direction to get

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 Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

𝜕²𝜙 𝑎2
ഥ
𝑁x= = + σ∞
𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝜆𝑛² cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 2 4𝑓𝑥 𝑝˳
𝜕𝑦²

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

2
ഥ 𝜕²𝜙 = + σ∞
𝑁x= 𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝜆𝑛² cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦 − 2
𝑎
𝑝˳
𝜕𝑦² 4𝑓𝑥

𝜕²𝜙
ഥ
𝑁y=- = − σ∞ 2
𝑛=1,2,3 𝐴𝑛 𝐵𝑛 ∗ cosh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 cos 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥²

∞
𝜕𝜙
ഥ𝑥𝑦 = −
𝑁 = − ෍ 𝐴𝑛 𝐵𝑛𝜆𝑛 ∗ sinh 𝐵𝑛𝑋 sin 𝜆𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
𝑛=1,2,3

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The Rotational paraboloid (Geometry):

Rotational paraboloid

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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 The end

E.mail: lawend.Kamal@dpu.edu.krd
Phone Number:009647504578276
18 January 2021
Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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Member Theory of Synclastic Shells

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The end

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