DESIGN

NAME OF WORK :- PKN

DESIGN DATA :

1 WIDTH OF EACH BARREL 3.50 m

2 HEIGHT OF EACH BARREL 3.50 m
3 NUMBER OF BARRELS 1 Nos.
4 LIVE LOAD 4.50 t/m2
5 DEAD LOAD 1.20 t/m2
6 UNIT WEIGHT OF DRY EARTH 1.80 t/m3
7 UNIT WEIGHT OF SATURATED EARTH 2.00 t/m3
8 UNIT WEIGHT OF SUBMERGED EARTH 1.00 t/m3
9 UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE 2.50 t/m3
10 ANGLE OF INTERNAL FRICTION ( ) 30 Degree
11 GRADE OF STEEL Fe 415
12 GRADE OF CONCRETE M 20
13 BANK LEVEL 100.00 m
14 DRAIN H.F.L. 100.00 m
15 LEVEL AT TOP OF BARREL 100.00 m
16 NOMINAL COVER 50 mm
(1) Critical section of the barrel

The barrel shall be subjected to maximum loading under the bank at the lowest possible
level of the barrel as indicated below in the following section:-

Bank level 100 00 m

100.00
Saturation line 100.00 m

R.L. = 100.00 m
t = 0.35 m

3.50

R.L. = 96.15 m
R.L. = 95.80 m
8.05

(2) Design features

Following
F ll i cosiderations
id ti have
h been
b made
d ini the
th design
d i off barrels
b l :
(i) Bottom slab : This design is for uplift pressure and reaction from soil resulting from
the loading on the foundations. Theoretically, the soil reaction is not uniform but for
simplification it is assumed uniform.
(ii) side walls : Side walls would be tested in the following two critical conditions
(a) High flood in the drain while barrels are empty
(b) No water in the drain while barrels are full
(iii) Partition
P titi walls ll : TheTh partition
titi wallsll are subjected
bj t d to
t equall pressures on either
ith side,
id andd
therefore,no reinforcement is required. Nominal reinforcement is, however,
provided to take care of contingency arising due to unequal pressures
 resulting from chocking up of any of the barrels.
(iv) Top slab :
The loads considered for design of top slab are :
(a) Earth load,
(b) Weight of water below saturation line
As there is no roadway along the drain, no live load due to traffic shall be considered.

((3)) Design
g

As the barrels are rigidly joined, they should be designed as a continuous structure. Hardy Cross
method of moment distribution shall be used for design.
Thickness of top / bottom slab 0.35 m
Thickness of side wall 0.35 m
The effective length of horizontal member = 3.85 m
The effective length of vertical member = 3.85 m

Distribution factors
At joint A
3.85
For member AB = = 0.50
3.85 + 3.85
3.85
For member AD = = 0.50
3.85 + 3.85
At joint D
3.85
For member DA = = 0.50
3.85 + 3.85
3.85
For member DC = = 0.50
3.85 + 3.85

(i) Loads
Consider one meter length of barrel
Depth of dry earth over barrel = 100.00 - 100.00 = 0.00 m
Depth of saturated earth = 100.00 - 100.00 = 0.00 m
Weight of dry and saturard earth = 0.00 X 1.80 + 0.00 X 2.00
= 0 t/m2
2
Weight of top slab = 0.35 X 2.50 = 0.875 t/m
2
Live load and dead load = 4 50 +
4.50 1 20
1.20 = 5 70 t/m
5.70
Weight on the top slab including its own weight = 0 + 0.875 + 5.70
= 6.58 t/m2
Weight of the barrels per metre of length
=( 1 X 3.85 + 2 X 3.85 )x 0.35 X 2.50
= 10.11 t
Total dead load/m length of barrels = = 10.11 + 0.00 X 3.85 + 5.70 x
= 32 05
32.05 t
Net upward pressure on the base slab = = 32.05 / 3.85 = 8.33 t/m2
2
8.33 t/m

(ii) Earth pressure

The earth pressure shall comprise of the following :
(a) dry earth pressure above saturation line from R.L. 100.00 to 100.00
(b) saturated
t t d earthth pressure from
f R.L.
RL 100.00
100 00 to
t 100.00
100 00
Corresponding to = 30 degree , Cp = 1/3
The pressure at A= Surcharge ( due to dry earth + Satured soil + live & dead load )
 = Cp X wd X h1 + Cp X ws X h2
+ Cp x WDL,LL
= 1/3 X 1.80 X 0.00 + 1/3 X 1.0 X 0.00
+ 1/3 X 5.70
2
= 1.90 t/m
Pressure at D = 1.90 + Cp X ws X h1 + Cp x wd X
= 1.90 + 1/3 X 1.00 X 0.00 + 1/3 x 1.80 X
2
= 4.21 t/m
Loads acting on different members are shown below :
2
6.575 t/m
2 2
1.90 t/m 1.90 t/m
A B E
3.85 3.85

3.85
D C F
2
4.21 2.31 t/m
2 2
t/m 8.33 t/m

(iii) Fixing moments

wl2 X 3.85 2
6.575
(i) On span AB = = 12 12
= 8.13 t-m
wl2 8.33 X 3.85 2

(ii) On span CD = 12 = 12
= 10.29 t-m
(iii) On span AD fixed end moments in the wall at each end due to rectangular portion
wl2 1.90 X 3.85 2
= 12 = 12
= 2.35 t-m
Fixed end moments due to triangular portion
2.31 X 3.85 2
MAD = 30
= 1.15 t-m
2
MDA = 2.31 X 3.85
20
= 1.72 t-m
Total fixed end moments at A = 2.35 + 1.15
= 3.50 t-m
Total fixed end moments at D = 2.35 + 1.72
= 4.07 t-m
(iv) Distribution of moments

Joints C D A B
Member Dc DA AD AB
Distribution factore 0.33 0.67 0.67 0.33
Fixed end -10.29 10.29 -4.07 3.50 -8.13 8.13
moments
Balance -2.08 -4.15 3.09 1.55
C
Carry over -1.04
1 04 1.54
1 54 -2.07
2 07 0
0.77
77
Balance -0.52 -1.03 1.38 0.69
Carry over -0.26 0.69 -0.51 0.35
Balance -0.23 -0.46 0.34 0.17
Carry over -0.12 0.17 -0.23 0.09
Balance -0.06 -0.11 0.15 0.08

Total -11.70 7.41 -7.42 5.65 -5.64 9.34

((v)) Net moments at centre and face

Span AB
2
6.575 X 3.85 6.575 X 0.175
Sagging moments at face = ------------------- X 0.175 - -----------------------------
2 2
= 2.114 t-m
3.675
Fixing moments at face= 5.64 + ( 9.34 - 5.64 )
3.85
= 9.168 t-m
Net fixing moments at face = 9.168 - 2.114
= 7.053 t-m
2
Sagging moments at centre = 6.575 X 3.85
8
= 12.18 t-m
Fixing moments at centre = 5.64 + 9.34
2
= 7.489 t-m
Net sagging moments at centre = 12.182 - 7.489
= 4.694 t-m
Span CD
2
8.33 X 3.85 8.33 X 0.175
Sagging moments at face = -------------------- X 0 175
0.175 - ----------------------------
2 2
= 2.677 t-m
Fixing moments at face= 3.675
7.41 + ( 11.70 - 7.41 )
3.85
= 11.51 t-m
Net fixing moments at face = 11.51 - 2.68
= 8 83 t-m
8.83
2
Sagging moments at centre = 8.33 X 3.85
8
= 15.42 t-m
Fixing moments at centre = 11.70 + 7.41
2
= 9.555 t-m
Net sagging moments at centre = 1515.425
425 - 9 555
9.555
= 5.87 t-m

Span AD
(a) Due to rectangular portion
2
1.90 X 3.85 1.90 X 0.175
= X 0.175 -
2 2
= 0.611
0 611 t-m
t

(a) Due to triangular portion

 2.31
X 3.85 1 0.1 X 0.18
= X X 0.175 - X 0.058
2 3 2
= 0.26 t-m
Total sagging moments at face = 0.611 + 0.259
= 0.87 t-m
3.68
Fixing moments at face = 5.65 + X( 7.42 - 5.65 )
3.9
= 7.34 t-m
Net fixing moments at face = 7.34 - 0.87
= 6.47 t-m
Sagging moments at centre
2
1.90 X 3.85
(a) Due to rectangular portion =
8
= 3.52 t-m
tm
2.31 X 3.85 1
(b) Due to triangular portion = X 3.85 X
2 7.81
= 2.19 t-m
Total sagging moments at centre = 3.52 + 2.19
= 5.71 t-m
7.42 + 5.65
Fixing moments at centre =
2
= 6.53 t-m
Net sagging moments at centre = 5.71 - 6.53
= -0.82 t-m
The net moments at face and centre of the different spans are tabulated below :

MOMENTS
Span
At face At centre
AB 7.05 t-m (hogging) 4.69 t-m (sagging)
CD 8.83 t-m (hogging) 5.87 t-m (sagging)
AD 6.47 t-m (hogging) -0.82 t-m (sagging)

(vi) Thickness of members

The maximum moment in the barrels is 8.83 t-m
For M 20 grade concrete and steel of Fe 415
cbc = 70 Kg/cm2 st = 1500 Kg/cm2 water side
m = 13 st = 1900 Kg/cm3 out side
k = 0.378
j = 0.874 R = 11.552

The minimum effective thickness (d) required for bending moment

d =
M

bQ
=
8 83
8.83
100
X
X
105
12

= 27.65 cm
Adopt overall thickness of all the members = 35 cm
Then effective thickness = 30 cm
(clear cover = 5.0 cm )
Th reinforcement
The i f t required
i d att various
i points
i t is
i given
i below
b l :

(vii) Reinforcement
Span AB (Top Horizontal Slab)
Moments in t-m Reinforcement required

2
At face 7.05 t-m (hogging) At = 17.93 Cm
Provide 20 mm bars @ 17.0 cm c
2
At centre 4.69 t-m (sagging)
( gg g) At = 11.93 Cm
Provide 20 mm bars @ 25.0 cm c
Distribution Provide 10 mm bars @ 14.0 cm c
Span CD (Bottom Horizontal Slab)
Moments in t-m Reinforcement required

2
At face 8.83 t-m (hogging) At = 22.45 Cm
Provide 20 mm bars @ 13.0 cm c
2
At centre 5.87 t-m (sagging) At = 14.92 Cm
Provide 20 mm bars @ 21.0 cm c
Distribution Provide 10 mm bars @ 14.0 cm c
Span AD (vertical wall)
Moments in t-m Reinforcement required

2
At face 6.47 t-m
t m (hogging) At = 16.44 Cm
Provide 20 mm bars @ 19.0 cm c
2
At centre -0.82 t-m (sagging) At = 2.09 Cm
Provide 20 mm bars @ 25.0 cm c
Distribution Provide 10 mm bars @ 14.0 cm c
Hench 200 mm Provide 10 mm bars @ 14.0 cm c
corner Provide 10 mm bars @ 14.0 cm c
Nominal steel shall also be provided on the outer face of the walls for the condition when there is
no water in the drain and barrels are running full. The details of reinforcement are shown below

20 mm @ 17.0 cm c/c

20 mm @ 17 cm c/c
10 mm @ 14.0 cm c/c

A 20 mm @ 25 cm c/c B E

0.35

C.C. M - 20 20 mm @ 25 cm c/c 8 mm @ 14.0 cm c/c 3.50

20 mm @ 19 cm c/c

D F 0.35
C
20 mm @ 13 cm c/c clear cover = 5.00 cm
20 mm @ 21 cm c/c

0.35 3.50 m 0.35 3.50 0.35

DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT IN BARREL

 20 mm 17.0 cm c/c
10 mm @ 14.0 cm c/c
20 mm @ 25 cm c/c

20  @
mm 21 cm c/c

10 mm bars @
20 mm @ 19 cm c/c 14 cm c/c
10 mm bars @ 14 cm c/c
3.50

20 mm @ 21 cm c/c

20 @
mm 13 cm c/c 10 mm bars @
14 cm c/c

0 35
0.35 3 50
3.50 0 35
0.35
3.85
h2
3.85
2

c/c
2

c/c
c/c

c/c
2

c/c
c/c

c/c
2

c/c
c/c
c/c
c/c