Origin and Advent of Islam in Sub-

Continent
Lecture by: Ms. Aymen Ijaz

1
 Islamic History-An Overview

 Last Pre-Islamic Persian Empire of Sassanids

( 2th-6th Century)
 4 Caliphates- Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), Hazrat Umer
(RA), Hazrat Usman (RA), Hazrat Ali (RA)
 Major Muslim Empires
 Ummayahs (6th -7th Century)
 Abbasids (7th - 12th Century)
 Fatimids (9th-11th Century)
 Ottomans (12th -19th Century)

2
 Advent of Islam in Sub-Continent
 Different Civilizations in Sub-Continent

Cyrus the Great (500 BC)->Darius( 300

BC)>Alexander the Great (Seleucid Empire)->
Chandragupta Maurya (Mauryan Empire 300
BC)>defeated Nandas Empire (400-500 BC)
Kushan Empire (1st- 3rd Century) -> Guptas Empire
(4-5 Century)
Bactrias (Hindukush-Oxus River-Indus)
Parthians ( Caspian Sea-Central Asia)
Scythians( Persia)
3
 Muslims Conquests of Sub-Continent
 Arrival of Muhammad Bin Qasim 712 AD
 Hindu Shahi Dynasty(8th-10th Century)
 Ghaznavi Rule (9th- 11th Century)
 Ghori Rule (11th -12th )
 Dehli Sultanates (12th-15th)
 Suri Dynasty (1540-1557)
 Sultanate of Mysore (13th-17th)
 Mughal Rule (1526-1857)

4
 Comparative Study of Mughal Rulers

 Babur (1526-1530)
 Hamayoun (1530-1540,1556-1557)
 Akbar (1556-1605)
 Jahangir (1605-1627)
 Shah Jahan (1627-1658)
 Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707)
 Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837-1857)

5
 Reasons for Decline of Mughals
 Large Empire/ Expansionist Motives
 Un-Islamic Traditions and Customs
 Threat from Marhattas,Jutts and Rajputs
 Goru Govind Singh Force (Punjab)
 Foreign Invasions
 Issue of Rokhiland
 Afghan Invasions
 Battle of Plassey (1757) and Baxur (1764)
 Muslim Traitors/ Disloyality and Disunity among
Muslims
 Liberation of States like Deccan, Bengal, Bihar etc
 War of Successions/Rebellions
 Power Centers Kept on Changing
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  Lack of competent Successors
 Aurangzeb Religious Policy
 Akbar False Islamic Policies
 No law of Accession
 Corrupt Rulers/Poor Administration
 Moral Degradation
 Growth of hostility/rivals cliques in Courts
 No Navy
 Ethnic Groups in Army
 Lack of Proper Army and War Equipments
 Encroachment by French/ British
 Land Revenues and Banking System
 Deplorable Financial Conditions

7
 Islamic Reformists and Jihadists
Movements
 Mujaddid Alf Sani (1564 AD-1624 AD)
 Shiekh Abdul Haq Dehlvi (1551AD-1642 AD)
 Shah Wali Ullah (1703-1762)
 Jihadi Movement- Syed Ahmed Barelvi (1786-
1831)
 Titu Mir (1782-1832)
 Faraizi Movement-Haji Shariat Ullah(1781-1840)
and Dadu Mian/ Mohsinuddin Ahmed(1819-1862)

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 Educational Movements
 Aligarh Movement
 Dar-ul-Uloom-i-Deoband
 Nadwa-tul-Ulema, Lucknow
 Anjuman-i-Himayat-e-Islam, Lahore
 Sindh Madrassah, Karachi
 Islamia College, Peshawar