UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019

Pay Item No. 102a Unit: LS

Item
Description: Mobilization Ooutput: 1
Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly
Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 75 75
1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 87.5 87.5
2 Dump Truck, 3 cu.m hr 1 18.75 37.5
1 Concrete mixer 5 t hr 1 75 75
1 Water tank truck 1000 gal hr 0.35 31.33 31.33
1 Hand roller hr 1 11 11
Total A 317.33
B. BASE CAMP AND FACILITIES
B 1 Rental of land for base camp LS 1 850 850
1 Base camp Sq.m 48 20 960
1 Office Sq.m 48 20 960
1 Laour quarter Sq.m 48 20 960
1 Others LS 1 250 250
Total B 3980
Total (A+ B) 4297.33
C. ESTIMATED DIRECT = (A+B)/Output/hr 4297.33
D. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF C = 10% OF C 429.733
E. Tax = 2% of (C+D) 94.541
TOTAL COST 4,821.60
Round up 5,000.00
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 102a Unit: LS
Item
Description: Mobilization Ooutput: 1
Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly
Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 0
1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 0
2 Dump Truck, 3 cu.m hr 1 0
1 Concrete mixer 5 t hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck 1000 gal hr 0.35 0
1 Hand roller hr 1 0
Total A 0
B. BASE CAMP AND FACILITIES
B 1 Rental of land for base camp LS 1 0
1 Base camp Sq.m 48 0
1 Office Sq.m 48 0
1 Laour quarter Sq.m 48 0
1 Others LS 1 0
Total B 0
Total (A+ B) 0
C. ESTIMATED DIRECT = (A+B)/Output/hr 0.00
D. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF C = 10% OF C 0.000
E. Tax = 2% of (C+D) 0.000
TOTAL COST -
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 102b Unit: LS
Item
Description: Demobilization Output: 1

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly Rate

Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS

1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 75 75

1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 87.5 87.5
2 Dump Truck, 3 cu.m hr 1 18.75 18.75
1 Concrete mixer 5 t hr 1 75 75
1 Water tank truck 1000 gal hr 0.35 31.33 10.9655
1 Hand roller hr 1 11 11
Subtotal A 278.2155

B. BASE CAMP AND FACILITIES

Removal Base Camp and Facilities LS 1 600 600

Subtotal B 600.00
TOTAL (A+ B) 878.2155
C. DIRECT COST (A+B)/Output per hr 878.22
D. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF C 87.822
E. TAX 2% OF (C+E) 19.321
TOTAL COST 985.36
Round up 1,000.00
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 102b Unit: LS
Item
Description: Demobilization Output: 1

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly Rate

Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS

1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 0

1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 0
2 Dump Truck, 3 cu.m hr 1 0
1 Concrete mixer 5 t hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck 1000 gal hr 0.35 0
1 Hand roller hr 1 0
Subtotal A 0

B. BASE CAMP AND FACILITIES

Removal Base Camp and Facilities LS 1 0

Subtotal B -
TOTAL (A+ B) 0
C. DIRECT COST (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00
D. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF C 0.000
E. TAX 2% OF (C+E) 0.000
TOTAL COST -
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 203 Unit: Cu.m
Item
Description: Excavation Output: 20

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hourly

hour Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS

1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 87.5 87.50

Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.7025

Total A 88.2025

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 2.4 2.4
1 Skilled labor hr 1 0.875 0.875
4 Unskilled labor hr 1 0.625 3.75

Total B 7.03
Total (A+ B) 95.23
C. DIRECT COST OF (A+B)/Output per hr 4.761375
D. Profit and Overhead 10%* of C 0.5
E. Tax 2% of (C+D) 0.10475025
TOTAL COST 5.3
Round down 5
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 203 Unit: Cu.m
Item
Description: Excavation Output: 20

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hourly

hour Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS

1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 0.00

Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0

Total A 0

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
1 Skilled labor hr 1 0
4 Unskilled labor hr 1 0

Total B 0.00
Total (A+ B) 0.00
C. DIRECT COST OF (A+B)/Output per hr 0
D. Profit and Overhead 10%* of C 0.0
E. Tax 2% of (C+D) 0
TOTAL COST 0.0
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. : 203 Unit: Cu.m
Item Description: Excavation Output: 20

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS

E6 1 Excavator PC 200 hr 1 80.00 80.00

Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.6125

Total A 80.61

L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.50 1.5
L10 1 Skilled labor hr 1 0.875 0.875
L11 4 Unskilled labor hr 1 0.625 3.75

Total B 6.13
Total (A+ B) 86.74
C. DIRECT COST OF (A+B)/Output per hr 4.34
D. Profit and Overhead 10%* of C 0.4
E. Tax 2% of (C+D) 0.10
TOTAL COST (C+D+E) 4.87
Round down $ 4.85
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 204 Unit: cu.m
Item
Description: Fill Works Output: 65

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS

1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 75 75

1 Buldozer, 140HP hr 1 75 75
1 Vibrator drum roller hr 1 62.5 125
1 Water tank truck 5t, 1000 gal hr 0.25 18.75 18.75
Minor Tools 10% of B hr 0.3625
Total A 294.1125
L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
1 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 0.875
2 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 1.25
Total B 3.625
Total (A+ B) 297.7375
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 4.58
Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Common material for embankment m3 1.01 5 5.05
Total D 5.05

E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (C+D) 9.63

F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 0.963
H. TAX 2% OF (E+F) 0.212
TOTAL UNIT COST 10.81
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 204 Unit: cu.m
Item
Description: Embankment works Output: 65

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS

1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 0

1 Buldozer, 140HP hr 1 0
1 Vibrator drum roller hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck 5t, 1000 gal hr 0.25 0
Minor Tools 10% of B hr 0
Total A 0
L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
1 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
2 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Total B 0
Total (A+ B) 0
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00
Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Common material for embankment m3 1.01 0
Total D 0

E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (C+D) 0.00

F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 0.000
H. TAX 2% OF (E+F) 0.000
TOTAL UNIT COST 0.00
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 204 Unit: cu.m
Item Description: Fill Works Output: 65

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E4 1 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m hr 1 60.000 60.00
E3 1 Buldozer, 140HP hr 1 75.000 75.00
E28 1 Vibrator drum roller hr 1 60.000 60.00
E41 1 Water tank truck 5t, 1000 gal hr 0.25 17.500 4.38
Minor Tools 10% of B hr 0.36
Total A 199.74
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 1 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 0.88
L11 2 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 1.25
Total B 3.63
Total (A+B) 203.3625
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 3.13
M D. MATERIAL
M10 Common material for embankment m3 1.05 5.00 5.25
Total D 5.25
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 8.38
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 0.838
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 0.184
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 9.40
Round down $ 9.40
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 505 Unit: Kg
Item
Description: Reinforce Steel Output: 250

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Bar Bender, 10HP hr 1 4.375 4.375
1 Bar Cutter, 10HP hr 1 3.75 3.75
Minor tools 10% of B 0.575
Total A 8.7

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
4 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 2.5
Total B 5.75
Total (A+B) 14.45
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.06
Unit
Material Components UNIT Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Reinforcing stell bar hr 1 1.2 1.2
GI wire #16 hr 0.025 0.8 0.02
Total D 1.22

E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 1.28

F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 0.128
G. TAX 2% OF (E+F) 0.028
TOTAL UNIT COST 1.43
Round up 1.5
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 505 Unit: Kg
Item
Description: Reinforce Steel Output: 250

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Bar Bender, 10HP hr 1 0
1 Bar Cutter, 10HP hr 1 0
Minor tools 10% of B 0
Total A 0

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
4 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Total B 0
Total (A+B) 0
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00
Unit
Material Components UNIT Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Reinforcing stell bar hr 1 0
GI wire #16 hr 0.025 0
Total D 0

E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 0.00

F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 0.000
G. TAX 2% OF (E+F) 0.000
TOTAL UNIT COST 0.00
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 505 Unit: Kg
Item Description: Reinforcing Bars Output: 250

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E33 1 Bar Bender, 10HP hr 1 4.375 4.38
E34 1 Bar Cutter, 10HP hr 1 3.750 3.75
Minor tools 10% of B 0.58
Total A 8.70
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
L11 4 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 2.50
Total B 5.75
Total (A+B) 14.45
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 0.06
M D. MATERIAL
M55 Reinforcing stell bar hr 1.000 1.200 1.20
M32 GI wire #16 hr 0.025 0.800 0.02
Total D 1.22
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 1.28
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 0.13
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 0.03
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 1.43
Round up $ 1.45
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019

Pay Item No. 506b Unit: Cu.m

Item
Description: Structural Concrete 21 Mpa Output: 10
Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly
No of Hour Hourly Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
2 Concrete Mixer, 5 cu.m hr 1 75 150
1 Water tank truck with pump 5t hr 0.5 18.75 9.38
2 UnitS Concrete crane hr 1 100 200.00
1 Concrete batching plant hr 0.5 550 275.00
2 Units Vibrator hr 1 5.625 11.25
Minor tools 5% of B 0.63
Total A 646.25
L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
4 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 3.5
12 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 7.5
Total B 12.5
TOTAL A+ B 658.75
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 65.88
Unit
Ref. No. Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount
M D. Material per unit of item
Portland cement kg 320 0.15 48.00
Sand m3 0.41 11.7 4.78
Crushed agregate 2/3+3/5 m3 0.85 65 55.25
Timber for form work m3 0.015 500 7.5
TOTAL D 115.53
E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 181.41
F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 18.14
G. Tax 2% OF (E+F) 3.99
TOTAL UNIT COST 203.54
Round up 204.4
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019

Pay Item No. 506b Unit: Cu.m

Item
Description: Structural Concrete 21 Mpa Output: 10

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

No of Hour Hourly Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
2 Concrete Mixer, 5 cu.m hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck with pump 5t hr 0.5 0.00
2 UnitS Concrete crane hr 1 0.00
1 Concrete batching plant hr 0.5 0.00
2 Units Vibrator hr 1 0.00
Minor tools 5% of B 0.00
Total A 0
L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
4 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
12 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Total B 0
TOTAL A+ B 0
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00
Unit
Ref. No. Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount
M D. Material per unit of item
Portland cement kg 320 0.00
Sand m3 0.41 0.00
Crushed agregate 2/3+3/5 m3 0.85 0
Timber for form work m3 0.015 0
TOTAL D 0.00
E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 0.00
F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 0.00
G. Tax 2% OF (E+F) 0.00
TOTAL UNIT COST 0.00
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 506b Unit: Cu.m
Item Description: Structural Concrete 21 Mpa Output: 9.5

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E15 2 Concrete Mixer, 5 cu.m hr 1 75.000 150.00
E41 1 Water tank truck with pump 5t hr 0.5 17.500 8.75
E11 2 UnitS Concrete crane hr 1 100.000 200.00
E47 1 Concrete batching plant hr 0.5 600.000 300.00
E19 2 Units Vibrator hr 1 5.000 10.00
Minor tools 5% of B 0.63
Total A 669.38
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 4 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 3.50
L11 12 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 7.50
Total B 12.50
Total (A+B) 681.875
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 71.78
M D. MATERIAL
M48 Portland cement kg 384.000 0.138 52.80
M58 Sand for Concrete m3 0.490 12.000 5.88
M18 Crushed agregate 2/3+3/5 m3 0.820 40.000 32.80
M65 Timber for form work m3 0.015 400.000 6.00
Total D 97.48
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 169.26
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 16.93
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 3.72
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 189.91
Round up $ 190.00
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 610 Unit: sq.m
Item
Description: Lean concrete Output: 4.5

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 18.75 18.75
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 18.75 9.38
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.25
Total A 28.38

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
4 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 2.5
Total B 5.75
TOTAL A+ B 34.13
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 7.58
Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Sand m3 0.85 10 8.5
Portland cement kg 160 0.15 24.00
Total D 32.5
E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 40.1
F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 4.0
G. TAX 2% OF (E+F) 0.80
TOTAL UNIT COST 44.89
Round up 45

LC = Lean Concrete
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 610 Unit: sq.m
Item
Description: Lean concrete Output: 4.5

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of Hour Hourly

Rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 0.00
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.00
Total A 0.00

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
4 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Total B 0
TOTAL A+ B 0.00
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00
Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Sand m3 0.85 0
Portland cement kg 160 0.00
Total D 0
E. ESTIMATED DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 0.0
F. PROFIT AND OVERHEAD 10% OF E 0.0
G. TAX 2% OF (E+F) 0.00
TOTAL UNIT COST 0.00

LC = Lean Concrete
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 610 Unit: Cu.m
Item Description: Lean concrete Output: 4.5

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E17 1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 7.500 7.50
E41 1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 17.500 4.38
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.38
Total A 12.25
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 4 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 3.50
L11 6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 3.75
Total B 8.75
Total (A+B) 21.00
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 4.67
M D. MATERIAL
M58 Sand for concrete m3 0.850 12.000 10.20
M48 Portland cement kg 200.000 0.138 27.50
Total D 37.70
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 42.37
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 4.24
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 0.85
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 47.45
Round down $ 47.45
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 606 Unit: Cu.m
Item
Description: Stone Masonry Wall Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly

rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 87.5 87.5
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 7.22 7.22
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 18.75 9.38
2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 18.75 37.5
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.70
Subtotal A 142.30

B. LABOUR
L 1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 3.75
Subtotal B 7
Total (A+B) 149.30
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 24.88
M D. Material per unit of item
Sand m3 0.25 10 2.5
Rocks m3 0.59 16.7 9.85
Portland cement kg 160 0.1375 22.00
Subtotal D 34.353
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 59.24
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 5.9
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 1.30
TOTAL COST 66.46
Round up 70

SMW = Stone Masonry Wall

UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 606 Unit: Cu.m
Item
Description: Stone Masonry Wall Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly

rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 0
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 0.00
2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 0
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.00
Subtotal A 0.00

B. LABOUR
L 1 Leadman hr 1 0
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Subtotal B 0
Total (A+B) 0.00
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 0.00
M D. Material per unit of item
Sand m3 0.25 0
Rocks m3 0.59 0.00
Portland cement kg 160 0.00
Subtotal D 0
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 0.00
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 0.0
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 0.00
TOTAL COST 0.00

SMW = Stone Masonry Wall

 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 606 Unit: Cu.m
Item Description: Stone Masonry Wall 1 Pc : 4 Sand Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E6 1 Hydraulic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 80.00 80.00
E17 1 Concrete Mixer, 1 bagger hr 1 7.50 7.50
E41 1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 17.50 4.38
E38 2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 15.00 30.00
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 1.00
Total A 122.88
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 4 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 3.50
L11 8 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 5.00
Total B 10.00
Total (A+B) 132.88
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 22.15
M D. MATERIAL
M59 Sand for masonry m3 0.545 10.000 5.45
M8 Rocks m3 0.900 15.000 13.50
M48 Portland cement kg 160.000 0.1375 22.00
Total D 40.95
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 63.10
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 6.3
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 1.39
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 70.79
Round up $ 70.80
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 610 Unit: Cu.m
Item
Description: Gabion Protection Wall Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly

rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 87.5 87.5
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 7.22 7.22
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 18.75 9.38
2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 18.75 37.5
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.70
TOTAL A 142.30

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 3.75
Total B 7
TOTAL B 149.30
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 24.88

Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Gabion boxes (1mx1mx2m) each 0.5 40.75 20.38

Gabion wire kg 0.5 1.5 0.75
Boulder stone Cu.m 1 16.7 16.67
Geotextile sq.m 1 2.75 2.75
TOTAL D 40.54

E. DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 65.4

F. Profit and Overhead 10% of E 6.5
F. Tax 2% of (E+F) 1.44
TOTAL COST 73.41
Round up 75

GW = Gabion Wall
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 610 Unit: Cu.m
Item
Description: Gabion Protection Wall Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly

rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 0
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 0.00
2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 0
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.00
TOTAL A 0.00

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Total B 0
TOTAL B 0.00
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00

Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Gabion boxes (1mx1mx2m) each 0.5 0.00

Gabion wire kg 0.5 0
Boulder stone Cu.m 1 0.00
Geotextile sq.m 1 0.00
TOTAL D 0.00

E. DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 0.0

F. Profit and Overhead 10% of E 0.0
F. Tax 2% of (E+F) 0.00
TOTAL COST 0.00
GW = Gabion Wall
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 610 Unit: Cu.m
Item Description: Gabion Protection Wall Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E6 1 Hydraulic Excavator PC 200 hr 0.5 80.00 40.00
E38 2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 15.00 30.00
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.70
Total A 70.70
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
L11 6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 3.75
Total B 7.00
Total (A+B) 77.70
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 12.95
M D. MATERIAL
M27 Gabion boxes (1mx1mx2m) each 0.50 36.000 18.00
M28 Gabion wire kg 2.00 2.000 4.00
M8 Boulder stone Cu.m 1.20 15.000 18.00
M31 Geotextile sq.m 1.00 2.500 2.50
Total D 42.50
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 55.45
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 5.55
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 1.22
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 62.21
Round down $ 62.20
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 204 Unit: cu.m
Item
Description: Concrete groyin Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly

rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 87.5 87.5
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 7.22 7.22
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 18.75 9.38
2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 18.75 37.5
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.70
TOTAL A 142.30

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 1.5 1.5
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 1.75
6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 3.75
Total B 7
Total (A+B) 149.30
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 24.88

Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Sand m3 0.41 10 4.10
Partland cement kg 200 0.15 30.00
Gabion boxes (1mx1mx2m) each 0.5 40.75 20.38
Gabion wire kg 0.5 1.5 0.75
Boulder stone m3 0.85 16.7 14.17
TOTAL D 69.39

E. DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 94.3

F. Profit and Overhead 10% of E 9.4
F. Tax 2% of (E+F) 2.07
TOTAL COST 105.78

CG = Concrete Groyin
UNIT RATES ANALYSIS FOR ROADS MAINTENANCE WORKS 2019
Pay Item No. 204 Unit: cu.m
Item
Description: Concrete groyin Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly

rate Amount
E A. EQUIPMENTS
1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 0
1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 0
1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 0.00
2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 0
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 0.00
TOTAL A 0.00

L B. LABOUR
1 Leadman hr 1 0
2 Skilled labourer hr 1 0
6 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0
Total B 0
Total (A+B) 0.00
C. UNIT COST = (A+B)/Output per hr 0.00

Unit
Material Components Unit Quantity Cost Amount

M D. Material per unit of item

Sand m3 0.41 0.00
Partland cement kg 200 0.00
Gabion boxes (1mx1mx2m) each 0.5 0.00
Gabion wire kg 0.5 0
Boulder stone m3 0.85 0.00
TOTAL D 0.00

E. DIRECT COST (EDC) = C+D 0.0

F. Profit and Overhead 10% of E 0.0
F. Tax 2% of (E+F) 0.00
TOTAL COST 0.00

CG = Concrete Groyin
 UNIT PRICE ANALYSE
Pay Item No. 204 Unit: cu.m
Item Description: Concrete groyin Output: 6

Ref. No. Price Components Unit No of hour Hourly Rate Amount

E A. EQUIPMENTS
E6 1 Hydrolic Excavator PC 200 hr 1 80.000 80.00
E17 1 Concrete Mixer, 0.9 bagger hr 1 7.500 7.50
E41 1 Water tank truck, 1000 gal hr 0.25 17.500 8.75
E38 2 Dump truck 3 cu.m hr 1 15.000 30.00
Minor Tools 10% of labour cost 1.00
Total A 127.25
L B. LABOUR
L2 1 Leadman hr 1 1.500 1.50
L10 4 Skilled labourer hr 1 0.875 3.50
L11 8 Unskilled labourer hr 1 0.625 5.00
Total B 10.00
Total (A+B) 137.25
C. Unit Cost (A+B)/Out put per hour 22.88
M D. MATERIAL
M58 Sand for concrete m3 0.465 12.000 5.58
M48 Partland cement kg 200.000 0.138 27.50
M27 Gabion boxes (1mx1mx2m) each 0.500 36.000 18.00
M28 Gabion wire kg 2.000 2.000 4.00
M8 Boulder stone m3 1.200 15.000 18.00
Total D 73.08
E. Direct Cost of (C+D) 95.96
F. Profit and Overhead 10% of D 9.60
G. Tax 2% of (E+F) 2.11
TOTAL COST (E+F+G) 107.66
Round down $ 107.65
 UNIT RATES DATA BASE
PROJECT NAME CONSTRUCTION OF DOWNSTREAM CHECK DAM OF CPLP BRIDGE
LOCATION DILI TOWN, DILI MUNICIPALITY

Item Code Item Description Unit Rental Rate Remarks

A. EQUIPMENT RATES

Heavy Equipment
E1 Bulldozer, 285 HP Hour $ 100.00
E2 Bulldozer, 215 HP Hour $ 94.00
E3 Bulldozer, 140 HP Hour $ 75.00
E4 Wheel Loader, 1.80 cu.m. Hour $ 60.00
E5 Crawler Loader, 1.80 cu.m. Hour $ 45.00
E6 Hydraulic Excavator, 1.00-2.30 cu.m. Hour $ 80.00
E7 Hydraulic Excavator, 0.90 cu.m. Hour $ 60.00
E8 Pump Hydro Excavator Service, 6T Hour $ 200.00
E9 Motor Grader, 125HP Hour $ 60.00
E10 Truck Mounted Crane, 11-15T Hour $ 35.00
E11 Crawler Crane, 21-25T Hour $ 100.00
E12 Crawler Crane, 51-60T Hour $ 150.00
E13 Pile Hammer K25-DSL, 7500kg Hour $ 100.00
Light Equipment
E14 Transit Mixer, 6.50-7.50 cu.m. Hour $ 90.00
E15 Transit Mixer, 5.00-6.00 cu.m. Hour $ 75.00
E16 Transit Mixer, 3.50-4.50 cu.m. Hour $ 50.00
E17 Concrete Mixer, 1-bagger Hour $ 7.50
E18 Concrete Mixer, 2-bagger Hour $ 20.00
E19 Concrete Vibrator Hour $ 5.00
E20 Concrete Cutter with Blade Hour $ 10.00
E21 Aggregate Spreader Hour $ 40.00
E22 Concrete Paver/Finisher, 120HP Hour $ 50.00
E23 Asphalt Paver/Finisher, 4.0m width Hour $ 120.00
E24 Asphalt Distributor, 3,000 gal. Hour $ 30.00
E25 Asphalt Distributor, 1,330 gal. Hour $ 20.00
E26 Power Broom, Self-profelled Hour $ 40.00
 UNIT RATES DATA BASE
PROJECT NAME CONSTRUCTION OF DOWNSTREAM CHECK DAM OF CPLP BRIDGE
LOCATION DILI TOWN, DILI MUNICIPALITY

Item Code Item Description Unit Rental Rate Remarks

E27 Pneumatic Tired Roller, 10T Hour $ 60.00

E28 Vibratory Drum Roller Hour $ 60.00
 UNIT RATES DATA BASE
PROJECT NAME CONSTRUCTION OF DOWNSTREAM CHECK DAM OF CPLP BRIDGE
LOCATION DILI TOWN, DILI MUNICIPALITY

Item Code Item Description Unit Rental Rate Remarks

E29 Three-Wheeled Tandem Roller Hour $ 40.00

E30 Vibratory Plate Compactor, 7HP Hour $ 10.00
E31 Tamping Rammer 7HP Hour $ 10.00
E32 Mobile Air Compressor, 456-500 cfm Hour $ 30.00
E33 Bar Bender, 10HP Hour $ 4.38
E34 Bar Cutter, 10HP Hour $ 3.75
E35 Welding Machine (Diesel) Hour $ 20.00
E36 Pneumatic Breaker/Jack Hammer (hand held) Hour $ 15.00
E37 Paint Stripping Machine Hour $ 5.00
Trucks
E38 Dump Truck, 3.00-5.99 cu.m. Hour $ 15.00
E39 Dump Truck, 6.00-8.99 cu.m. Hour $ 20.00
E40 Dump Truck, 9.00-12.00 cu.m. Hour $ 25.00
E41 Water Tank Truck with Pump, 500-1,000 gal Hour $ 17.50
E42 Water Tank Truck with Pump, 1,001-3,000 gal Hour $ 20.00
E43 Cargo Truck, 2.5T Hour $ 20.00
E44 Cargo Truck, 9.00-10.00T Hour $ 25.00
E45 Low Bed Trailer Hour $ 30.00
Plants
E46 Asphalt Plant Hour $ 750.00
E47 Concrete Batching Plant Hour $ 600.00
E48 Stone Crusher Plant Hour $ 600.00

B. LABOUR RATES

L1 Foreman hr $ 1.88
L2 Leadman hr $ 1.50
L3 Heavy Equipment Operator hr $ 1.56
L4 Light Equipment Operator hr $ 0.88
L5 Driver hr $ 0.88
L6 Instrumentman hr $ 2.50
L7 Survey Aide hr $ 1.25
L8 Laboratory Technician hr $ 3.00
L9 Laboratory Aide hr $ 1.50
 UNIT RATES DATA BASE
PROJECT NAME CONSTRUCTION OF DOWNSTREAM CHECK DAM OF CPLP BRIDGE
LOCATION DILI TOWN, DILI MUNICIPALITY

Item Code Item Description Unit Rental Rate Remarks

L10 Skilled Laborer hr $ 0.88

L11 Unskilled Laborer hr $ 0.63

C. MATERIALS RATES

M1 Aggregate Base Course Cu.m 45.00

M2 Aggregate Subbase Cu.m 22.00
M3 Angle Bar 50mm x 50mm x 5mm l.m. 8.00
M4 Asphalt Pen. Gr. 60-70 Kg 1.20
M5 Bamboo Poles each 2.00
M6 Bituminous Concrete ton 225.00
M7 Bolt 20mm each 10.00
M8 Boulder Stone 15/20 Cu.m 15.00
M9 B60 Through Modular Truss Bridge, BM-100 loading sp span 200,000.00
M10 Common Fill Material (Embankment) Cu.m 5.00
M11 Compost Cu.m 5.00
M12 Corugated Metal Pipe, 600 mm diameter l.m. 160.00
M13 Corugated Metal Pipe, 900 mm diameter l.m. 220.00
M14 Corrugated Metal Pipe, 1000 mm diameter l.m. 250.00
M15 Corugated Metal Pipe, 1200 mm diameter l.m. 350.00
M16 Crushed Aggregate 1-2 cm Cu.m 48.00
M17 Crushed Aggregate 2-3 cm Cu.m 45.00
M18 Crushed Aggregate 3-5 cm Cu.m 40.00
M19 Crushed Aggregate Base Cu.m 48.00
M20 Crushed Aggregate for AC Cu.m 30.00
M21 Crushed Aggregate for Concrete Cu.m 55.00
M22 Cutback Asphalt (Medium Curing) MC 70 For Prim litre 2.00
M23 Cutback Asphalt (Rapid Curing) RC 70 For Tack Co litre 2.20
M24 Filler Cu.m 8.00
M25 Fill Material Cu.m 8.00
M26 Filter Material Cu.m 25.00
M27 Gabion Boxes (1m x 1m x 2m) box 36.00
M28 Gabion Wire kg 2.00
M29 Galvanized Iron Pipe, 100mm diameter l.m. 10.00
M30 Galvanized Iron Wire Mesh sq.m. 3.00
M31 Geotextile Sq.m 2.50
M32 GI Wire # 16 Kg 0.80
M33 Grass Slips/Vetiver each 0.05
M34 Gravel fill Material Cu.m 6.00
M35 Gravel Surface Course Cu.m 27.00
M36 HDP Pipe, 100mm diameter m 5.00
M37 Informatory Sign each 120.00
 UNIT RATES DATA BASE
PROJECT NAME CONSTRUCTION OF DOWNSTREAM CHECK DAM OF CPLP BRIDGE
LOCATION DILI TOWN, DILI MUNICIPALITY

Item Code Item Description Unit Rental Rate Remarks

M38 Live Cuttings each 0.05

M39 Metal Rail Lm 60.00
M40 Palm Tree LnM 0.10
M41 Paving Blocks / Footstone 25 x 20 x 6 cm Colored Piece 0.60
M42 Paving Blocks Hexagon 10 x 6 cm Colored Piece 0.50
M43 Paving Blocks / Stone 20 x 10 x 6 cm Colored Piece 0.40
M44 Paving Blocks / Stone 20 x 10 x 8 cm Colored Piece 0.45
M45 Paving Blocks / Triangular Hexstone 10 x 6 x 3 cm Piece 0.55
M46 Paving Blocks / Triangular Hexstone 10 x 8 x 3 cm Piece 0.60
M47 Polyethelene Sheet Sq.m 2.00
M48 Portland Cement Kg 0.1375
M49 Reflective Pavement Paint gal. 20.00
M50 Reflective Pavement Studs (100mm x 100mm) each 60.00
M51 Regulatory Sign each 100.00
M52 Reinforced Concrete Pipe, 610mm diameter l.m. 200.00
M53 Reinforced Concrete Pipe, 910mm diameter l.m. 225.00
M54 Reinforced Concrete Pipe, 1070mm diameter l.m. 262.00
M55 Reinforcing Steel Bar Kg 1.20
M56 Royalty for Borrow Material Cu.m 0.50
M57 Sand for Bedding Cu.m 8.00
M58 Sand for Concrete Cu.m 12.00
M59 Sand for Masonry Cu.m 10.00
M60 Selected Fill Material Cu.m 12.00
M61 Steel H-Pile 356mm x 368mm x 20.4mm m 230.00
M62 Structural Steel Kg 2.00
M63 Supports and Bracings for Pile Driving Ls 500.00
M64 Thermoplastic Reflectorized Paint gal. 200.00
M65 Timber for Form Work Cu.m 400.00
M66 Tree/Bamboo Seedlings each 1.00
M67 Warning Sign each 80.00
M68 Water for Concrete Cu.m 2.00
M69 Welding Rod kg 10.00
 BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)

Roads & Bridge Maintenance : Construction of Downstream Check Dam of CPLP Bridge, Dili
Municipality
Pay Item Item Description Units Quantities Unit Rates Amount
No.

102a Mobilization LS 1.00 $ 3,173.73 $ 3,173.73

102b Demobilization LS 1.00 $ 1,112.00 $ 1,112.00
204(1) Excavation m3 6641.30 $ 4.85 $ 32,210.31
205(1b) Embankment m3 0.00 $ 9.40 $ -
505 Reinforcing Bars Kg 76782.05 $ 1.45 $ 111,333.97
506 (1a) Concrete 21 mpa m3 1091.99 $ 190.00 $ 207,478.10
506(2) Lean Concrete m3 262.00 $ 47.45 $ 12,431.90
606 Stone Masonry Wall m3 4075.83 $ 70.80 $ 288,568.76
610 Gabion Works m3 2645.00 $ 62.20 $ 164,519.00
Concrete Groyin m3 656.50 $ 107.65 $ 70,672.23

TOTAL $ 891,500.00

Signed :
Name : Helena Maria Soares Pereira
In the capacity of : Directress
Duly authorized to sign the Bid for and on behalf of Hedge Construction Unipessoal, Lda
PROJECT : Construction of Downstream Check Dam
YEAR : 2019
LOCATION : CPLP Bridge, Dili Municipality

TIME SCHEDULE ( BAR CHART & S-CURVE )

Month
NO WORK ITEMS COST (USD) WEIGHT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
102a Mobilization $ 3,173.73 0.36% 0.36
102b Demobilization $ 1,112.00 0.12% 0.12
204(1) Excavation $ 32,210.31 3.61% 0.60 1.81 1.20
205(1b) Embankment $ - 0.00%
505 Reinforcing Bars $ 111,333.97 12.49% 3.12 3.12 3.12 3.12
506 (1a) Concrete 21 mpa $ 207,478.10 23.27% 1.66 1.66 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32 3.32
506(2) Lean Concrete $ 12,431.90 1.39% 1.39
606 Stone Masonry Wall $ 288,568.76 32.37% 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05 4.05
610 Gabion Works $ 164,519.00 18.45% 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.08 3.08
Concrete Groyin $ 70,672.23 7.93% 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88
GRAND TOTAL $ 891,500.00 100%
PROGRESS PER WEEK (in %) 0.96 3.47 15.39 14.45 14.45 14.45 11.33 11.33 8.25 4.93 0.88 0.12

COMULATIVE PROGRESS (in %) 0.00 0.96 4.43 19.81 34.26 48.71 63.16 74.49 85.82 94.07 98.99 99.88 100.0

Signed :
Name : Helena Maria Soares Pereira
In the capacity of : Directress
Duly authorized to sign the Bid for and on behalf of Hedge Construction Unipessoal, Lda
 BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)
Roads Maintenance Section: CPLP Bridge Dili Town 2019 - PHASE 1
Pay Item No. Item Description Units Quantities Unit Rates Amount
($) ($)

102a Mobilization LS 1 3,500.00 3,500.00

102b Demobilization LS 1 0 -
204(1) Excavation m3 6,641.30 5 33,206.50
205(1b) Embankment m3 0.00 10.81 -
505 Reinforcing Bars Kg 76,782.05 1.5 115,173.08
506 (1a) Concrete 21 mpa m3 1,091.99 204.4 223,202.76
506(2) Lean Concrete m3 262 45 11,790.00
606 Stone Masonry Wall m3 4075.83 70 285,308.10
610 Gabion Works m3 2645.00 75 198,375.00
Concrete Groyin m3 656.5 105.78 69,444.57

TOTAL 940,000.00
 BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)
Roads Maintenance Section: CPLP Bridge Dili Town 2019 - PHASE I
Pay Item No. Item Description Units Quantities Unit Rates Amount
($) ($)

102a Mobilization LS 1 -
102b Demobilization LS 1 -
204(1) Excavation m3 6,641.33 -
205(1b) Embankment m3 0.00 -
505 Reinforcing Bars Kg 76,782.05 -
506 (1a) Concrete 21 mpa m3 1,228.78 -
506(2) Lean Concrete m3 262 -
606 Stone Masonry Wall m3 67.83 -
610 Gabion Works m3 6013.00 -
Concrete Groyin m3 656.5 -

TOTAL -
 BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)
Roads Maintenance Section: CPLP Bridge Dili Town 2019 - PHASE II
Pay Item No. Item Description Units Quantities Unit Rates Amount
($) ($)

102a Mobilization LS 1 1500 1,500.00

102b Demobilization LS 1 1000 1,000.00
204(1) Excavation m3 5 -
205(1b) Embankment m3 3,008.33 10.81 32,520.05
505 Reinforcing Bars Kg 1.5 -
506 (1a) Concrete 21 mpa m3 2,021.88 204.4 413,272.27
506(2) Lean Concrete m3 45 -
606 Stone Masonry Wall m3 70 -
610 Gabion Works m3 75 -
Concrete Groyin m3 100 -

TOTAL 448,292.32
 BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)
Roads Maintenance Section: CPLP Bridge Dili Town 2019 - PHASE II
Pay Item No. Item Description Units Quantities Unit Rates Amount
($) ($)

102a Mobilization LS 1 -
102b Demobilization LS 1 -
204(1) Excavation m3 -
205(1b) Embankment m3 3,008.33 -
505 Reinforcing Bars Kg -
506 (1a) Concrete 21 mpa m3 2,021.88 -
506(2) Lean Concrete m3 -
606 Stone Masonry Wall m3 -
610 Gabion Works m3 -
Concrete Groyin m3 -

TOTAL -