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‫ﻣﺒﺪأ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻴﻘﲔ‬

Uncertainty Principle

 
 
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  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ،      K‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬،    ‫؟‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 KK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 
K    K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K١٩٢٧Werner Heisenberg‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KHeisenberg uncertainty principle ‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬   E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬        
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

K١٩٢٧‫א‬‫א‬K?‫א‬??‫א‬??‫א‬??‫א‬? J١
‫א‬‫א‬ F  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،     
‫א‬‫א‬E /2F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Einequality
EWWW.Wikipedia.comFK١٩٢٨Hermann WeylEarle Hesse Kennard
2 - Paul Fleisher, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics: Principles of Modern Physics, Lerner Publications Company
(2002).
  ‫א‬
٣
  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ macroscopicE‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K corpuscular theory‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬ ∆ ‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬‫א‬
?wave packet‫א‬?  K∆ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ wave packet‫א‬
‫א‬  K    ‫א‬       wavelike disturbance ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،،،
‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
      ،     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ indeterminateness
،‫א‬‫א‬ F  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬inapplicability
K∆ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤‫א‬، / ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∆ ∆
،‫א‬‫א‬ plane sinusoidal waves‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ∆ ‫א‬،K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∆
1
∆
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬∆
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
1
∆ ∆
∆ ∆

 Egroup velocity‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

3- Werner Heisenberg, The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory, Ch. 2: Critique of the Physical Concepts of the
Corpuscular Theory or Matter, Dover Publications, Inc. (1949) p. 13.
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬،?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬KKK /2  /2
 ‫א‬،position at the first minimum‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،foot width،FWHM
Ingolf V. Hertel and Claus-Peter Schulz, Atoms, Molecules and Optical Physics 1: Atoms and Spectroscopy, Chapter
1: Basics, Springer (2015) Page 61.
Wolfgang Demtröِder, Atoms, Molecules and Photons, An Introduction to Atomic-, Molecular and Quantum- Physics,
Chapter 3: Development of Quantum Physics, , Springer (2006) Page 107.
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∆
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
∆
 E∆ ∆ F‫א‬‫א‬

∆ ∆
‫א‬‫א‬Kparticle picture‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ∆ ∆ ?velocity‫?א‬?position‫?א‬
 K٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،∆ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∆ ∆
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١F
E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬complementary variables?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬K
      E ‫א‬F ٪١٠٠    ‫א‬    
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   E٢F
Statistical  ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬   ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  expectations
K‫א‬‫א‬ ٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
*******

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،
،?reality‫א‬L‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬KKK?actually‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬?
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬ J٦