TITRATION

TITRATION
- the process of determining the amount of standard
solution that will react completely with the unknown
solution
- usually deals with the reaction of acids and bases or
neutralization.

Standard Solution – solution whose concentration is

accurately known.
TITRATION SET-UP
 TITRATION
Recall :

Concentration – the “ strength” of a solution

Molarity (M) – no. of moles of solute per Liter of Solution

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝑴=
𝑳 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Units are :
(𝑴, 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓, 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 / 𝑳)
 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑵 = 𝑴 ∙ 𝒇
Where f = no. of replaceable H+ or OH-
Ex: Substance f(equivalent/mole)
1

+2 • 1 = 2
+3 • 2 = 6
 Equivalence Point
– the point wherein the unknown solution has been
completely reacted with the standard solution.
at 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕:

𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝑨 = 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝑩
𝑵𝑨 𝑽𝑨 = 𝑵𝑩 𝑽𝑩
If 𝒇 = 𝟏: 𝑵=𝑴
Therefore : 𝑴𝑨 𝑽𝑨 = 𝑴𝑩 𝑽𝑩
 Dilution
– means to weaken the concentration
– solutions are diluted by adding water to a more
concentrated solution. The amount of solute doesn’t
change.
From : 𝑴𝟏 𝑽𝟏 = 𝑴𝟐 𝑽𝟐
Where : 𝑴𝟏 and 𝑴𝟐 - initial and final concentration (%, M)
𝑽𝟏 and 𝑽𝟐 - initial and final volume (ml, L)
And : 𝑽𝟐 = 𝑽𝟏 + 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝑽𝑯𝟐 𝑶
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the volume of 0.3 N KOH necessary to
neutralize 3L of 0.1 M H2SO4.
2. 6L of H2O is added to 535 ml of 10 M H2SO4. Find N.
3. Calculate the final concentration of 100 ml of 5.0%
glucose diluted to 600 ml.
4. 5 ml of an acid solution requires 10.0 ml of 0.12 N
base to neutralize an acid solution. What is the
concentration of acid?
5. What is the volume added to reduce the concentration
of 2.5 M H2SO4 to 0.75 N if the volume of the solution
is 50 ml?
 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
6. What volume of 0.2815 M zinc hydroxide will
react completely with
a. 10.00 ml of 0.1884 M sulfuric acid ?
b. 28.50 ml of 0.9448 M phosphoric acid?
 EXERCISES
1. How many ml of a 10 % saline solution are needed
to make 500 ml of 0.90 % saline solution? Ans.
V1=45 ml
2. Find the volume of water needed to reduce the
concentration of 10N H3PO4 to 2M if the volume of
solution is 100 ml. Ans. Vadded = 66.67 ml