Noi Dung On Tap LTDV 2021 Revised 1 Goi Lop

NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP LTDV
A. PHẦN NGỮ PHÁP

1. Thì (hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn
thành và tương lai đơn) …………………………………………………………………………. trang 2-6
2. Câu so sánh ………………..………………………………………………………………….. trang 7-8
3. Mạo từ (a/an, the) ……………………………………………………………….…………….. trang 9-10
4. Đại từ (I, you, he, ….) ……..…………………………………………………………………. trang 11-12
5. Từ nối ……………………………………………………………………………………..….. trang 13-15
6. Từ loại (danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ …) …………………………………………………..…….. trang 16-17
7. Giới từ (on, at, in, to, from ….) ……………………………………………………………..... trang 18-19
8. Mệnh đề tính từ ………………………….………………………………………………….... trang 20-21
9. Mệnh đề trạng từ ………………………………………………………………………….….. trang 22-23
10. Modal verbs (must, can, should …) ……………………………………………………..….. trang 24
11. Câu điều kiện ……………………………………………………………………………….. trang 25-26
B. PHẦN SỬA LỖI ……………………………………………………………………..….….. trang 27-28
C. PHẦN CHUYỂN CÂU

Cấu trúc 1: THERE IS / ARE  HAS / HAVE ……………………………….………………trang 29-30
Cấu trúc 2, 3: SO SÁNH HƠN / HƠN NHẤT ………………………………………….………. trang 31
Cấu trúc 5: S + SPEND  IT TAKES ……………………………………………………….. trang 32-33
Cấu trúc 6: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN  HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH ………………………….. trang 34
Cấu trúc 11: THỂ NHỜ BẢO …………………………………………………………………… trang 35
Cấu trúc 12: CÂU CẢM THÁN ………………………………………………………………… trang 36
Cấu trúc 14: BECAUSE  BECAUSE OF ………………………………………………….. trang 37-38
Cấu trúc 19: UNLESS  IF …. NOT ………………………………………………………... trang 39
D. PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU ……………………………………………………………………….….. trang 40-42
E. 03 PRACTICE TESTS (3 file riêng)
Nội dung ôn tập LTĐV Page 1

1. TENSES: THÌ
1.1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
1. diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên; hoặc một sự việc nói chung
Ex: The earth goes around the sun.
2. diễn tả sự việc lặp đi lặp lại hoặc 1 thói quen

Ex: I usually leave for work at 8 a.m.
3. dùng để miêu tả thực tế hoặc diển tả 1 tình huống cố định ít thay đổi
Ex: My parents live in HCM city.
4. dùng để chỉ lịch trình: phim, sự kiện, trận đấu, phương tiên vận chuyển, giờ mở cửa ....
Ex: According to the schedule, group discussions start at 10 a.m.
5. dùng trong mệnh đề trạng đề chỉ thời gian. Mệnh đề trạng đề chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bằng các từ nối như:
when = as (khi), before, after, as soon as (ngay khi), until (cho tới khi), once (một khi) etc.
Ex1: Before you submit your test, you should check it once again.
6. dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 1. Câu điều kiện thường bắt đầu bằng các từ nối như if, unless, etc.
Ex2: If they complete the project tomorrow, they will have a party.
Các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN:

Trạng từ tần xuất/ sự thường xuyên:
- always: luôn luôn - rarely: ít khi; hiếm khi
- usually: thường thường - seldom: ít khi; hiếm khi
- often: thường - hardly (ever): hầu như không
- sometimes: thỉnh thoảng - never
Trạng từ thời gian:
+ every morning/day/week/month/year/Monday;
+ in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
+ at night
1.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN

BE (am / is / are) + V-ING
1. diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra vào lúc đang nói
Ex: Where’s John? He’s working on the project.
2. diễn tả hành động diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm đang nói. Hành động này chưa chấm dứt và không nhất
thiết xảy ra lúc nói.
Ex: Some of my friends are building their own houses.
3. diễn tả hành động mang tính tạm thời

Ex: I’m living with some friends until I find an apartment.
4. diễn tả hành động trong tương lai gần đã được sắp xếp trước
Ex: I’m visiting my grandma this weekend.
5. diễn tả sự phàn nàn do hành động lặp đi lặp lại gây khó chịu
Ex: He is always asking me for help whenever he works on computer.
Các trạng từ dùng trong thì HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN

- (right) now = currently: bây giờ - this weekend
- at the moment: lúc này - in these days: những ngày này
- at this time: lúc này - Look / Listen
- at present = presently: bây giờ

Một số động từ KHÔNG dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
1. Động từ chỉ cảm xúc, tình cảm:
- love, like, hate, dislike, prefer, want, wish
- admire: ngưỡng mộ
- desire: khát khao, ước ao
- fear: lo sợ
- respect: tôn trọng
- value: có giá trị; coi trọng
2. Động từ chỉ hoạt động nhận thức:

- see, know, understand - mean: có ý rằng
- agree # disagree - recognize: nhận thấy
- remember, forget, - mind: phiền
- realize: nhận ra - doubt: nghi ngờ
- believe, think = suppose = assume: cho rằng - matter: vấn đề
- hear: nghe rằng - mean: có ý
- trust: tin tưởng
3. Linking Verbs:
- feel: cảm thấy
- sound: nghe có vẻ
- look: trông có vẻ
- smell: có mùi
- taste: có vị
4. Động từ chỉ sở hữu:

- have, belong to: thuộc về, own = possess: làm chủ; sở hữu
5. Động từ chỉ trạng thái

- seem = appear: dường như - be: thì là, ở
- depend on: phụ thuộc vào - exist: tồn tại
- contain = include = consist of: bao gồm - to become = to get = to turn: trở nên; trở thành
- remain = stay = keep: vẫn còn
1.3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

HAVE / HAS + PP / V-ED
1. diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn kéo dài đến hiện tại và tiếp tục ở tương lai
Ex: I have lived in New York since I was young / for ten years.
2. diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không đề cập đến thời gian cụ thể
Ex: I have (already) read some of Shakespeare’s plays.
3. dùng chia sẻ kinh nghiệm hoặc trải nghiệm

Ex: Have you ever seen a lion?
4. diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ
Ex: It’s the third time he has called his girlfriend tonight.
5. diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hoặc dùng để thông báo thông tin
Ex: Shahin has just won the competition.
Các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH:
1. recently = lately: gần đây
2. so far = until now = up till now: mãi cho đến bây giờ; mãi cho tới gần đây
3. in / over / for / during the last / past few (years): trong những (năm) vừa qua

4. just: vừa mới
5. never …. (before): chưa bao giờ trước đây
6. ever (thường dùng cho câu hỏi): có bao giờ
7. already: rồi (dùng trong câu xác định)
+ thường đứng cuối câu or hoặc đứng trước PP/V-ed
Ex: I’ve (already) finished my homework (already).
8. yet: chưa (dùng trong câu hỏi và phủ định)
+ thường đứng cuối câu (nếu là câu hỏi)
Ex: Have you finished your homework yet?
+ thường đứng cuối câu or hoặc sau NOT (nếu là câu phủ định)
Ex: I have not (yet) finished my homework (yet).
9. since + chỉ một điểm/ mốc thời gian: từ khi
10. for + chỉ một khoảng thời gian: khoảng
Fill in the blanks with “since” or “for”

1. ……….. 2 o’clock
2. ………... 2010
3. ……..… this afternoon
4. …….…. two weeks ago
5. ……….. three hours
6. ……….. a year
1.4. SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

1. dùng diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ với thời gian xác định
Ex: I went to London yesterday.
2. dùng diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ có thời gian xác định hoặc hành động đã xảy ra trong
quá khứ bây giờ không còn nữa
Ex: Every year when I was a child, we went / used to go to Italy on holiday.
3. diễn tả một loạt các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ
Ex: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN:

- yesterday (morning / afternoon …) - (three days / two months …) ago
- last (night / week …) - in (1999 / 2001, …) - in the (2000s / 1980s …)
Động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn được chia làm 2 loại:

(1) Động từ theo qui tắc (ta thêm –ed). Ví dụ: dance - danced
(2) Động từ theo bất qui tắc (ta học thuộc lòng cột số 2 trong bảng Động từ bất qui tắc). Ví dụ: see - saw
1.5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

WAS / WERE + V-ING
1. diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: At one o’clock yesterday I was having lunch.
2. diễn tả 2 hành động cùng song song xảy ra trong quá khứ; thường có từ nối WHEN / WHILE
Ex: I was doing the shopping while he was parking the car.
3. diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác cắt ngang/xảy ra. Hành động
đang xảy ra (dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn), hành động cắt ngang (dùng thì quá khứ đơn)
Ex: While I was watching TV, the phone rang.
1.6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

HAD + PP / V-ED
Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 4
diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: I left the theater as soon as the film had finished.
Lưu ý:
1. Ta có thể dùng thì quá khứ đơn thay cho quá khứ hoàn thành khi hai hành động gần như đồng thời xảy ra.
Ex: When I saw a spider, I screamed.
2. Ta có thể dùng thì quá khứ đơn thay cho quá khứ hoàn thành khi trong câu có từ nối AFTER / BEFORE.
Ex: Before I got home, the family had eaten dinner.
OR: Before I got home, the family ate dinner.
1.7. FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN

WILL / SHALL + BARE INF
1. dùng để diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
Ex: Our company will hold a grand opening ceremony next week.
2. dùng để đưa ra dự đoán về một điều gì đó mà ta nghĩ không thể tránh khỏi (không có sự can thiệp hay sắp
xếp trước)
Ex: In the next few years, everyone will be able to access the Internet with their mobile phone.
3. dùng đưa ra quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói (hành động này không dự tính trước)
Ex: A: There is someone at the door, but I’m busy talking on the phone.
B: OK. I’ll answer the door.
4. Thường dùng sau các cách nói: I think, I don’t think, I hope ..…
Ex1: I think I'll go to bed now.
Ex2: I don’t think she'll do well in the job.
5. Thường dùng để hứa hẹn

Ex: Don’t worry. I will be there to help you.
ADVERBS OF TIME FOR THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

- tomorrow (morning, afternoon, …) - at the end of (May)
- the day after tomorrow - in + year (in 2020)
- next (week, month, year …) - in + duration (khoảng thời gian)
Ex: in three years’ time; in two days; in the next three years
Ex: She will be here in ten minutes.
PRACTICE
1. Who ……........ food in your family when your Mom is away today?
A: cooks B: is cooking C: will cook D: cooked
2. Money …………. on trees.
A: didn’t grow B: isn’t growing C: don’t grow D: doesn’t grow
3. As soon as we …….…. from the suppliers, we will let you know when the goods are in stock.
A: hear B: will hear C: heard D: are hearing
4. Where is John? – He ……….. his car in the garage.
A: repairs B: is repairing C: has repaired D: repaired
5. I always ……….. to work by bus. It takes me about forty minutes to get to work by bus.
A: go B: am going C: have gone D: goes
6. I can't leave now. I ……..….. for an important telephone call.
A: wait B: am waiting C: waited D: was waiting
7. The manager can’t talk on the phone because he ………………… a meeting right now.
A: is having B: has C: has had D: had
8. Mr. Caputo usually……..……with a translator.
A: traveled B: travel C: is traveling D: travels

9. There is an LAL flight that leaves Heathrow at 20:30 and ………….. in at 6:00.
A: got B: get C: is getting D: gets
10. Are you going to Lena’s party? – No. I ……….. home tonight. I'm a little tired.
A: will stay B: am staying C: stay D: have stayed
11. The company ……………. . our complaint yet.
A: has not answered B: does not answer C: will not answer D: is not answering
12. I’m sorry. The director …………… for his vacation and will not return until next week.
A: is leaving B: left C: has left D: will leave
13. I …..……… in the café having a drink when the police arrived.
A: sat B: sit C: was sitting D: have sat
14. Mr. Lee ………….. his vacation after the project is completed.
A: will take B: took C: has taken D: takes
15. Mr. Han ………….. his bags when he found out his flight was canceled.
A: packed B: were packing C: was packing D: has packed
16. The secretary …………… night classes for the past three months.
A: is attending B: has attended C: will attend D: had attended
17. How long …..…….. each other when they got married?
A: had they known B: have they known
C: would they know D: did they know
18. Once you get used to our methods, you …….…… the job a lot easier.
A: will find B: have found C: found D: find
19. While I …..…….. home, the solution to the company’s financial problems suddenly came to me.
A: have walked B: was walking C: walked D: am walking
20. I …..……. the approval of three committee members before Bob signed off on the project.
A: did already get B: had already gotten
C: have already gotten D: was already getting
21. The recent survey shows that our consumer base .……….….
A: grows B: is growing C: had grown D: was growing
22. I …………..… for Bank of America from 2011-2013.
A: have worked B: was working C: worked D: had worked
23. I didn't have much to eat at lunch because I …………. a lot at breakfast.
A: have eaten B: had eaten C: was eating D: ate
24. I ………….. long when the alarm went off.
A: have slept B: was sleeping C: am sleeping D: slept
25. Ms. Sirichanya …………… the package when she discovered the address was wrong.
A: had mailed B: has mailed C: will mail D: is mailing
26. Effective next Monday, the interest rate on Hana Bank’s home loan ………….. increased.
A: was B: will be C: to be D: had been
27. A: Excuse me. I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four
people.
B: That man at the service counter ……….…… you.
A: will help B: is helping C: has helped D: helps
28. When the shipment …..…….. in, he will dispatch it to the proper department.
A: will come B: is coming C: comes D: come
29. The rent on these offices ………….. up close to fifty percent since we first signed our lease.
A: has gone B: go C: were going D: are going
30. In his first three months at Novotel, Mr. Peet ………….. his colleagues with his diligence and positive
attitude.
A: has impressed B: impressed C: was impressing D: impresses

2. COMPARISON: CÂU SO SÁNH
Có 3 loại so sánh: (1) so sánh bằng, (2) so sánh hơn (3) so sánh nhất
2.1. SO SÁNH BẰNG:
S + be / V + as + ADJ / ADV + as + O
Ex: The red bus is as long as the blue one.
* SO SÁNH KHÔNG BẰNG:

A: S + be + not + as / so + ADJ + as + O
Ex: Julie is not so / as tall as Maria.
B: S + does/ do / did not + V + as/so + Adv + as + O
Ex: Julie does not work so / as carefully as Maria.
2.2. SO SÁNH HƠN

Tính từ được chia làm 2 loại: tính từ ngắn vần và tính từ dài vần.
4.2.1. Tính từ ngắn vần là tính từ có 1 hoặc 2 vần. Các tính từ 2 vần phải tận cùng bằng:
* -y: happy  happier
* -ow: narrow  narrower: hẹp
4.2.2. Tính từ dài vần là tính từ có từ 2 vần trở lên
Ex: boring; beautiful; interesting, famous
A. So sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn vần

S + be / V + short ADJ / ADV + er + than + O
Ex: This box is bigger than that one.
B. So sánh hơn của tính từ dài vần

S + be / V + MORE + long ADJ / ADV + than + O
Ex: The queen is more beautiful than the witch.
* SO SÁNH KÉM HƠN

S + be / V + LESS + ADJ / ADV + THAN + O
Ex: This car is less expensive than that one.
Ex: This car is less fast than that one.
* TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ MỨC ĐỘ

Ta dùng trang từ chỉ mức độ đặt trước so sánh hơn.
(1) a lot / much / far
(2) a little / a bit / slightly
Ex1: She is a little older than me.
Ex2: Watching films is much more interesting than reading books.
2.3. SO SÁNH NHẤT

A. So sánh nhất của tính từ ngắn vần
S + be / V + THE + short ADJ / ADV + est + in / of
Ex: Burj is the tallest building in the world.
B. So sánh nhất của tính từ dài vần

S + be / V + THE MOST + long ADJ / ADV + in / of
Ex: The spider is the most dangerous animal of the three (animals).
* SO SÁNH KÉM NHẤT:

S + be / V + THE LEAST + ADJ / ADV + in / of
Ex: This is the least interesting book in the library.
Ex: This is the least good book in the library.
TÍNH TỪ / TRẠNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC

1. good / well – better – the best
2. bad / badly – worse – the worst
3. little – less – the least
4. many / much – more – the most
5. far – farther / further – the farthest / furthest
6. old – older / elder – the oldest / eldest
PRACTICE
1. This is the ………….. hotel available in this district.
A: good B: better C: best D: more good
2. Although Mary is very popular, she is not .................. as her sister.
A: nice as B: so nice C: nicer than D: the nicest
3. Which is the ………….. month of the year in your country?
A: hottest B: most hot C: hotter D: as hot
4. Between them, Dr. Gates has …………. insight.
A: the greater B: greatest C: greater D: more greater
5. Mr. Smith is one of the .............. bosses I’ve ever seen in my life.
- generous (adj): rộng rãi
A: more generous B: generous than C: less generous D: most generous
6. You’ll get .............. response if you call rather than email the board members.
- response (n): câu trả lời - board member: thành viên hội đồng
A: the quick B: a quicker C: the quickest D: more quick
7. Have you got any ................... design? I can’t afford this one.
- to afford: có đủ tiền
A: cheapest B: cheaper C: more cheap D: the cheapest
8. Paul is the …..…… candidate for that position. He hates speaking in public.
- candidate (n): ứng cử viên - position (n): chức vụ; vị trí
- in public: trước công chúng
A: the bad B: worse C: worst D: badest
9. The cost of living was not ………... as we had expected.
A: so high B: higher C: highest D: high as
10. I go on business ………… this year than I did last year.
- frequently (adv): thường xuyên
A: more frequently B: most frequently C: most frequent D: more frequent
11. The productivity of the factory became ………... than before.
A: more low B: much low C: lower D: as lower
12. The usage of the device was ………... more difficult than I had thought.
A: a lot B: very C: many D: so
13. The president said that it was the ………... meeting he has ever had.
A: more productive B: productive
C: most productive D: productivity
14. Please read the instructions as ………... as possible.
A: careful B: care C: carefully D: more carefully
15. Nothing is ……………. than being stuck in a traffic jam.
A: worse B: worst C: bad D: the worst

3. ARTICLE: MẠO TỪ
Được chia ra làm 2 loại: mạo từ bất định, và mạo từ xác định.
3.1 MẠO TỪ BẤT ĐỊNH: A/AN
* a + dùng trước phụ âm
Ex: a book, a pen
* an + dùng trước nguyên âm (U, E, O, A, I)
Ex: an egg, an apple
Cách dùng mạo từ bất định:
1. Dùng trước danh từ số ít được nói đến lần đầu tiên
Ex: I need a passport.
2. Dùng trước danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp

Ex: She is a teacher.
3. Dùng trong cách diển đạt về số lượng

a lot of: nhiều (a) little: một chút
a couple: một cặp; một đôi (a) few: một ít
4. Dùng trong cách diển đạt về giá cả, sự thường xuyên, tốc độ, tỉ lệ.
5p a kilo sixty kilometers an/per hour
four times a/per day $1 a/per meter
3.2 MẠO TỪ XÁC ĐỊNH: THE

1. Dùng để chỉ một vật / một người duy nhất
Ex: The earth is round.
2. Dùng trước danh từ được nhắc đến lần thứ hai

Ex: I bought a book yesterday. The book was very interesting.
3. Dùng trước so sánh nhất

Ex: He is the tallest boy in the class.
4. Dùng trong cách nói

One of the …: một trong những; Some of the …: một số/vài trong những; Many of the ….:
Ex: Bill Gates is one of the richest man in the world.
5. Dùng trước tên nước như:

Ex: the United States, the United Kingdom; the Philippines
6. Dùng trước số thứ tự (first, second, third, fourth …)

Ex: the First World War; the third chapter
7. Dùng trước nhạc cụ

Ex: She could play the piano when she was 7.
3.3 Zero/ No Article: không dùng mạo từ

1. Không dùng khi nói đến sự việc nói chung; dùng trước danh từ số nhiều đại diện cho một nhóm hoặc một
loài.
Ex1: Travel makes wise people better.
Ex2: Tomatoes (all tomatoes) are green until they ripen: chín.
2. Không dùng trước danh từ chỉ bữa ăn. Trừ khi danh từ đó có tính từ bổ nghĩa phía trước.
Ex1: He is having breakfast at eight.
Ex2: He is having a good breakfast.

3. Không dùng trước tên châu lục (châu Á, châu Âu, châu Phi, châu Mỹ, châu Úc)
Ex: Europe; South America; Asia
4. Không dùng trước số đếm (số đếm đứng sau danh từ)
Ex: World War One
5. Không dùng trước tên riêng như: tên nước, thành phố, tiểu bang, tên người …
Ex: France; Sweden
Ex: Florida; Ohio; California; London
6. Không dùng trước môn thể thao

Ex: baseball, basketball
7. Không dùng trước tên môn học

Ex: mathematics, sociology
8. Không dùng trước ngày lễ

Ex: Christmas, Thanksgiving
PRACTICE
1. I’m doing ……… course in accounting, but that only takes up about ………. hour a week.
- to do a course in: theo học khóa …… - to take up: chiếm; mất
A: a/a B: a/an C: an/a D: the/a
2. You’ve already got ……….. university degree, haven’t you?
- already (adv): rồi - university degree (n): bằng đại học
A: a B: an C: the D: no article
3. My brother is working as ……….. engineer for …………. construction company downtown.
- construction company: công ty xây dựng - downtown: trung tâm thành phố
A: a/a B: a/an C: an/an D: an/a
4. A: You have just bought ………. new computer, haven’t you?
B: Yes, ………… old one is always running out of power.
- to run out of: hết - power (n): năng lượng; pin (ntb)
A: a/a B: a/the C: the/a D: the/the
5. ………. president will discuss the contract with his partner.
- president (n): vị chủ tịch - contract (n): hợp đồng - partner (n): người cộng sự
A: A B: An C: The D: no article
6. ………. travelling abroad is one of the requirements in this job.
- abroad (adv): ở nước ngoài - requirement (n): yêu cầu
7. …….. subordinates are the people who work under a boss in the chain of command in a business.
- subordinate (n): thuộc hạ; cấp dưới - chain of command: chuỗi mệnh lệnh
8. I bought ………. pair of shoes at the downtown department store.
A: the B: a C: an D: no article
9. That is ……….. problem I told you about.
A: the B: a C: an D: no article
10. ……….. price of gas keeps rising.
A: The B: A C: An D: no article

4. PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ
Đại từ được chia làm 3 ngôi (thứ 1, 2, 3) và 2 số (số ít và số nhiều). Đại từ có 5 loại:
4.1. SUBJECT PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ LÀM CHỦ TỪ/ CHỦ NGỮ
1 2 3
Số ít I You He, She, It
Số nhiều We You They
Đại từ làm chủ từ thường đứng trước động từ.
Ex: I go to school every day.
4.2. OBJECT PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ LÀM TÚC TỪ/ TÂN NGỮ

1 2 3
Số ít me you him, her, it
Số nhiều us you them
Đại từ làm túc từ thường đứng sau động từ hoặc sau giới từ (on, in, at, to, with, from, for ...).
Ex1: See you again.
Ex2: I go to school with him every day.
4.3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU

1 2 3
Số ít my your his, her, its
Số nhiều our your their
Tính từ sở hữu thường đứng trước danh từ hoặc danh động từ (gerund: V-ing).
Ex1: I call my mother every day after work.
Ex2: Do you mind my opening the window?
4.4. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU

1 2 3
Số ít mine yours his, hers, its
Số nhiều ours yours theirs
Đại từ sở hữu dùng thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu + danh từ nhằm tránh sự lặp lại. Đại từ sở hữu có thể đứng
(1) trước động từ (làm chủ từ), (2) sau động từ (làm túc từ) và (3) đứng sau giới từ.
Ex1: My book is heavy, but yours (your book) is light (nhẹ).
Ex2: I left my dictionary home. Can I borrow yours (your dictionary)?
Ex3: My book is different from yours (your book).
4.5. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ PHẢN THÂN

1 2 3
Số ít myself yourself himself, herself, itself
Số nhiều ourselves yourselves themselves
1. Được dùng khi chủ từ và túc từ là một
Ex: I love myself.
2. Được dùng để nhấn mạnh cho chủ từ
+ Đứng sau chủ từ hoặc đứng cuối câu
Ex: I (myself) finished the project (myself).
3. Được dùng để nhấn mạnh cho túc từ và đứng liền sau túc từ đó
Ex: I finished the project itself yesterday.
4. Dùng sau giới từ BY có nghĩa là một mình (by oneself = alone)
Ex: The president delivered the document by himself.
4.6. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ BẤT ĐỊNH
Someone/ somebody Something Somewhere
Anyone/ anybody Anything Anywhere
No one/ nobody Nothing Nowhere
1. Someone = somebody / something dùng cho câu xác định.
Ex1: There is someone at the door.

Ex2: I need something to fix the computer.
2. Anyone = anybody / anything dùng cho câu phủ định và câu hỏi.
Ex1: Is there anyone here who knows the answer for my question?
Ex2: I don’t think of anything new to add to the list.
*Lưu ý: Khi Anyone = anybody / anything dùng trong câu xác định, chúng có nghĩa là bất cứ ….
Ex: Anyone who leaves the office last must be responsible for locking the door.
3. No one = nobody = not …….. anyone/ anybody
Nothing = not ……. Anything
Ex: I see no one in the office. = I do not see anyone in the office.
PRACTICE
1. There are many clients in the list and Amy is trying to phone …….……..
- client: khách hàng - to try: cố gắng
A: them B: their C: they D: themselves
2. It would be easy for ………. to give employees advice on how to improve their performance or behavior.
- to improve: cải thiện - performance (n): hoạt động - behavior (n): hành vi; cách cư xử
A: I B: my C: mine D: me
3. I refuse this contract because it might destroy the company’s reputation as well as ………..
- to refuse: từ chối - to destroy: phá hoại; hủy hoại
- reputation (n): danh tiếng - as well as: cũng như
A: I B: my C: mine D: me
4. There was no Internet – we couldn’t get any information at all, just sitting in the office. We had to go out
and do the research by …………….
- not … at all: không một chút - to do research: nghiên cứu
A: us B: ourselves C: our D: we
5. The new project of our company is secret. You mustn’t discuss …………. with anyone.
- project (n): dự án - secret (n): điều bí mật
A: them B: him C: it D: its
6. We had to return the machines because there was something wrong with ……………...
A: them B: him C: it D: its
7. Our designs are on the left bookshelf. Where are …………..?
A: their B: theirs C: them D: themselves
8. I can’t help you, Bob. You’ll have to solve your problem by ………….
A: myself B: yourselves C: ourselves D: yourself
9. I …..……. haven’t seen the new design, but I believe it’s very good. - to believe: tin
A: herself B: myself C: themselves D: himself
10. At the press conference, some reporters didn’t understand the speech of the CEO and ………… kept
asking questions. - Keep + V-ing: liên tục …
A: they B: them C: their D: theirs
11. The new project of our company is secret. You mustn’t discuss it with …………….
A: something B: someone C: anyone D: anything
12. We had to return the machines because there was …………. wrong with them.
A: anything B: everything C: something D: nothing
13. After I checked the prices in more than 5 shops, I decided not to buy ……..….. in the end.
14. He said that he was an expert at problem solving, but he knew almost …………… about it.
15. If …………. had called me this morning, they would have left a message.
A: anyone B: someone C: no one D: everyone
16. Unfortunately, we can’t find Alice and David …………… in the office.
A: anywhere B: somewhere C: nowhere D: everywhere
17. ………….. in the office went to the party but …………… enjoyed it very much.
A: Someone / no one B: Nobody / no one
C: Everyone / nobody D: Everyone / somebody
18. There was ………….. to help me with the report, so I had to do it myself.

A: anyone B: someone C: no one D: everyone
5. CONJUNCTIONS: TỪ NỐI
5.1. TỪ NỐI CẶP
BOTH +n AND +n vừa … vừa
NOT ONLY + adj BUT ALSO + adj không những …. mà còn
EITHER + adverb OR + adverb hoặc … hoặc
NOT + verb BUT + verb không phải …. mà là
NEITHER + pronoun NOR + pronoun không ….. cũng không
Ex: A logo must be both distinctive and professional-looking.

adj adj
PRACTICE
1. We can ………. fax the document or mail it.
A: both B: either C: neither D: but also
2. The building has ………. an outdoor parking lot and an underground garage.
A: both B: either C: neither D: but also
3. Either Sam ……….. Tom will be sent to the new branch in L.A.
A: and B: or C: but also D: nor
4. I ……….. sent him many letters but also tried to telephone him.
A: not only B: both C: either D: neither
5. Tyrone’s sister Marsha, who I had little faith in at the beginning, has proved to be not only ambitious
….….. hard working.
A: or B: neither C: yet D: but also
6. You have to bring both your passport ……….. flight tickets.
A: and B: or C: nor D: but also
7. Applicants are required to present …………. a reference letter and a photocopy of their social security
card.
A: not only B: both C: either D: neither
8. Neither chatting online ……….. checking personal email is permitted during working hours.
A: or B: and C: nor D: not only
9. For a more effective ad campaign, we need both a new product …….... a creative imaginative director.
A: or B: either C: and D: nor
10. This machine is not only slow ……….. complicated.
A: both B: or C: but also D: and
5.2. TỪ NỐI FANBOYS

- For: bởi vì
- And
- Nor / Neither: cũng không  FANBOYS
- But
- Or
- Yet: tuy nhiên
- So: vì thế
Ex1: He made a request for help, but did not receive any response.
Ex2: I couldn’t use the pay phone, for I didn’t have any coins with me.
Lưu ý: Phía trước từ nối FANBOYS thường có dấu phẩy.
PRACTICE
1. I want to work as a translator in the future, ………. I am studying English at university.
- translator (n): thông dịch viên
A: but B: so C: and D: or
2. Mr. Smith will work the morning shift, …….….. he prefers to work in the evenings.
A: so B: but C: or D: for
3. Participants were told to arrive by noon, …………. most of them were late.
- participant (n): người tham dự
A: yet B: so C: for D: or
4. The company has a very successful launch for the new kind of detergent, ……....... sales is expected to
boost up strongly in the coming quarter.
- detergent (n): bột giặt - to boost up: tăng trưởng - launch (n): sự giới thiệu
A: yet B: so C: for D: or
5. Research and development are of utmost importance, ......... companies in different industries have
different ways of carrying out these activities.
- utmost (adj): cực kỳ - to carry out: tiến hành; thực hiện
A: yet B: or C: and D: nor
6. It’s a great pity I cannot attend the orientation session this afternoon, …......... can John because he is busy
with his project.
- orientation session (n): buổi định hướng
A: or B: nor C: and D: yet
7. Jack lost his job one year ago ………… he hasn’t found another job yet.
A: or B: nor C: and D: yet
8. He will have to work overtime to finish the project on time, .......... he will have to ask his supervisor to
extend the deadline.
- supervisor (n): người quản lý - to extend: kéo dài
A: so B: or C: but D: and
9. Jenny will have lots of time to spend with her parents in January, ......... she will have quit her job by then.
- to quit – quit - quit: bỏ việc - by then: trước đó
A: so B: but C: for D: nor
10. You may bring your spouse if you wish, ............ you’ll have to pay for an extra ticket.
- spouse (n): vợ / chồng
A: or B: so C: for D: yet
5.3. TỪ NỐI CÂU (TỪ NỐI 4 NHÓM)

5.3.1. Nhóm cộng thêm
- furthermore
- besides : ngoài ra
- in addition : bên cạnh đó
- moreover : thêm vào đó
- also
Ex: All employees get a four-week paid holiday; moreover, the company provides free medical insurance
for them.
5.3.2. Nhóm đối nghịch

- however
- nevertheless : tuy nhiên
- in contrast
- still
Ex: Retirement is mandatory at the age of 65; however, employees may retire upon reaching the age of 60.
5.3.3. Nhóm điều kiện

- otherwise, or else: nếu không
Ex: You’d better hurry up; otherwise, you’ll be late for the meeting.

5.3.4. Nhóm nguyên nhân - kết quả
- consequently
- therefore
- thus : vì vậy
- accordingly : do đó
- as a result
Ex: Business practices differ from country to country; therefore, businessmen do not always face the same
risks.
Lưu ý: Trước từ nối câu, ta sử dụng dấu chấm phẩy hoặc dấu chấm; sau từ nối câu, ta sử dụng dấu phẩy.
PRACTICE
1. I wanted to go to the trade fair;……………., it started to rain and I stayed at home.
- trade fair (n): hội chợ thương mại
A: however B: therefore C: in addition D: besides
2. I would like to spend more time with my family;….........., I have decided to resign as chairman.
- to resign: từ chức
A: otherwise B: in contrast C: however D: therefore
3. Ana came to the meeting; ……………, she had to leave early.
A: moreover B: also C: nevertheless D: thus
4. All employees can get a four-week paid holiday each year; ……..……, the company provides free
medical insurance for them.
A: accordingly B: thus C: however D: besides
- paid holiday (n): nghỉ phép được hưởng lương - to provide: cung cấp
- medical insurance (n): bảo hiểm y tế
5. You can look at the clothes; …………….., you can’t go in and buy them
A: furthermore B: however C: moreover D: also
6. The factory workers worked overtime a lot; …………., they were very tired.
A: thus B: otherwise C: in addition D: however
7. Don’t let him take on too much work; ………………, he will not do anything properly.
- to take on: nhận lãnh; đảm trách - properly (adv): tốt
A: otherwise B: however C: as a result D: accordingly
8. She’s been under a lot of pressure recently; ……………, she’s decided to take time off to relax a little.
- under pressure (n): chịu áp lực - to take time off: nghỉ làm
A: also B: moreover C: however D: therefore
9. Our banking clients want flexibility; ……., we provide ATMs (automated teller machines) for 24-hour
use.
- flexibility (n): tính linh hoạt
A: furthermore B: however C: consequently D: moreover
10. The price for that computer is too high; ……………, Alison is not going to buy it.
A: otherwise B: however C: in addition D: therefore
11. We thought the figures were correct; …………….., we have now discovered some errors.
- figure (n): số liệu - error (n): lỗi
A: therefore B: however C: moreover D: furthermore
12. We do not own the building; ……..……, we can’t make any major change to it.
- to own: sở hữu; làm chủ - major (adj): lớn; quan trọng
A: therefore B: however C: moreover D: nevertheless
13. Suggestions were requested; ………….., none were offered.
- suggestion (n): lời đề nghị - to offer: đưa ra
A: however B: besides C: moreover D: therefore
14. Johnny Pacheco has a creative talent as a manager; ……………, he is a successful negotiator.
- negotiator (n): người thương lượng
A: still B: furthermore C: consequently D: otherwise
15. Mr. Daley is our most skilled speaker; …………….., he is unavailable to give the presentation.
- unavailable (adj): không rảnh
A: besides B: nevertheless C: moreover D: therefore

6. WORD FORMS: TỪ LOẠI
6.1. NOUN: DANH TỪ
1. Đứng trước động từ
Ex: Money cannot buy happiness.
2. Đứng sau động từ

Ex: A woman is emptying the trash can.
3. Đứng sau giới từ (in, on, at, to, from …)

Ex: Mr. McCrae’s registration form for admission to the diploma program arrived the day before the
deadline.
4. Đứng sau (1) tính từ, (2) tính từ sở hữu (my, her, your, his …) (3) mạo từ (a/an/the)
Ex1: The shopping mall will be closed for two months so that a complete renovation can take place.
Ex2: They are listening to their manager.
Ex3: The registration will be needed in order to take advantage of their good learning materials.
5. Thường đứng sau tính từ chỉ số lượng (a lot of, many, much, a few, a little, some, any ……)
Ex: We bought some clothes from a shop on the way home.
*DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC (CN) VÀ DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC (UN)

Sự khác nhau giữa danh từ đếm được và danh từ không đếm được
DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC (CN) DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC (UN)
1. Dùng sau mạo từ (a/an) 1. KHÔNG dùng sau mạo từ (a/an)
Ex: a book; an egg
2. Có hình thức số nhiều “S” hoặc “ES” 2. KHÔNG có hình thức số nhiều “S” hoặc “ES”
Ex: books; boxes
3. Dùng với “many”: nhiều 3. Dùng với “much”: nhiều
Ex: many books Ex: much money
4. Dùng với “How many”: bao nhiêu 4. Dùng với “How much”: bao nhiêu
Ex: How many books would you like? Ex: How much sugar would you like?
5. Dùng với “few / a few”: rất ít / một vài 5. Dùng với “little / a little”: rất ít / một vài
Ex: a few friends Ex: a little money
6. Dùng với “these / those”: này / kia 6. KHÔNG dùng NOT use with these/ those
Ex: these books / those rooms
Một số danh từ không đếm được thường dùng
- access: sự truy cập - advice: lời khuyên - stationery: văn phòng phẩm
- machinery: máy móc - clothing: quần áo - change: tiền lẻ
- information: thông tin - furniture: đồ gỗ - cash: tiền mặt
- luggage = baggage: hành lý - equipment: thiết bị
- research: cuộc nghiên cứu - news: tin tức
Cách đổi danh từ số ít sang danh từ số nhiều

DANH TỪ SỐ ÍT + S = DANH TỪ SỐ NHIỀU
Muốn danh từ số ít sang danh từ số nhiều ta lấy danh từ số ít + S
N (singular) + s  N (plural)
Ex1: book + s  books Ex2: table + s  tables
Chú ý:
1. Nếu danh từ số ít tận cùng bằng o, s, ch, sh, x, z + ES
Ex1: potato + es  potatoes Ex2: watch + es  watches
2. Nếu danh từ số ít tận cùng bằng Y và trước Y là phụ âm, ta đổi Y sang I và thêm ES
Ex: lorry  lorri + es  lorries
BUT: Ex: key + s  keys
3A. Nếu danh từ số ít tận cùng bằng F, ta đổi F sang V và thêm ES
Ex: shelf  shelv + es  shelves
3B. Nếu danh từ số ít tận cùng bằng FE, ta đổi FE sang VE và thêm S
Ex: wife  wive + s  wives
4. Danh từ bất qui tắc:

- child  children
- man  men
- businessman  businessmen: doanh nhân
- woman  women
- person  people: người ta
- salesperson  salespeople: người bán hàng
- foot – feet: bàn chân
- tooth – teeth: cái răng
- ox – oxen: con bò
- sheep – sheep: con cừu
5. Danh từ chỉ môn học luôn ở số ít mặc dù chúng tận cùng bằng ‘S’
 economics: kinh tế học  statistics: môn thống kê
 mathematics: toán học  politics: chính trị
 linguistics: ngôn ngữ học  headquarters: trụ sở chính
 physics: vật lý  news: tin tức
6. Các danh từ luôn ở số nhiều.

- assets: tài sản
- earnings: tiền kiếm được
- savings: tiền tiết kiệm
6.2. ADJECTIVE: TÍNH TỪ

1. Đứng trước danh từ: Ex: a special plan
2. Sau linking verbs: Ex: The workshop sounds boring.

- to look: trông có vẻ - to taste: có vị
- to feel: cảm thấy - to sound: nghe có vẻ
- to smell: có mùi
3. Sau động từ chỉ trạng thái: Ex: She becomes beautiful.

- to be: thì, là, ở
- to seem = to appear: dường như
- to remain = to keep = to stay: vẫn còn
- to become: trở nên; trở thành = to get, to turn
4. Đứng sau túc từ của các động từ như: find (nhận thấy/nhận ra), prove (chứng minh); consider (xem/ xem
như), keep (giữ), make (làm cho)
• Find
• Prove + O + ADJ
• Consider
• Keep
• Make
Ex: We find English important for our job.
6.3. ADVERB: TRẠNG TỪ

*ADVERBS OF MANNER: TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH
ADJ + -LY  ADV OF MANNER

Ex: slow + ly  slowly
happy + ly  happily
+ bổ nghĩa cho động từ, đứng trước hoặc đứng sau động từ
Ex1: I strongly agree with it. Ex2: He spoke clearly.
Trạng từ bất qui tắc

Adjective  Adverb
- good  well: giỏi; tốt
- late  late: trễ # lately: gần đây
- hard  hard: chăm chỉ; siêng năng # hardly: hầu như không
- early  early
- fast  fast
PRACTICE
1. This shop provides electrical cables, switches and security …….….. for all customers.
A: alarm B: alarms C: alarmes D: alarming
2. I’d like to order five …………. of red pens for my office.
A: box B: boxs C: boxes D: boxing
3. We also offer hire of glasses for weddings and socialized ………….. after work.
A: party B: partys C: partyes D: parties
4. Economics …………… one of the most difficult subjects at school.
A: be B: am C: is D: are
5. We need some ………….. for the new project in the marketing department.
A: new equipment B: new equipments C: equipment new D: equipment new
6. Our boss should contact a consultant to ask for some ………. to overcome the crisis.
A: advice B: advices C: advise D: advises
7. If you have a ………….. business plan, you are sure to succeed.
A: care B: careful C: carefully C: caring
8. I'm sure these problems can be …………… resolved.
A: satisfy B: satisfied C: satisfactory D: satisfactorily
9. I hear Joe has just ..……… passed the language exam in Portuguese. How excellent he is!
A: succeed B: successful C: successfully D: success
10. We are selling these toys at a very ..………… price.
A: competitors B: competition C: competing D: competitive
11. David …..…… told a cruel joke that really hurt Nancy.
A: intend B: intention C: intentional D: intentionally
12. Deb is an …..…… person. She rides a bike to school instead of a motorbike.
A: economical B: economic C: economy D: economically
13. Mr. Han is ………… awaiting the report on his yearly evaluation.
A: anxious B: anxiety C: anxiously D: anxiousness
14. She got bored because she never found shop-keeping …………
A: interest B: interested C: interesting D: interestingly
15. I am afraid you are not suitably …..……… for the job.
A: qualified B: qualify C: qualification D: qualifying
16. I like my work because I have the ………… to make my own decision.
A: freed B: freely C: freedom D: free
17. At his office he talks to customers and makes plans for …….………..
A: organizational B: organizing C: organize D: organizations
18. A doctor’s ……..…… manner makes patients feel comfortable.
A: friendship B: friend C: friendly D: friendliness
19. As is the case with the parking garage entrance, the front doors are run ……….., not manually.
A: electric B: electronically C: electrical D: electricity
20. Because she ……….. in systems analysis, we sometimes call on her to speak at client workshops as
well.
A: specialist B: specialization C: specials D: specializes

7. PREPOSITIONS: GIỚI TỪ
7.1. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
1. IN: vào
+ year: năm + time of a day: buổi trong ngày
+ month: tháng + decade (thập niên/ century (thế kỷ)
+ season: mùa
2. ON: vào
+ day: thứ + date (ngày tháng) + holidays: ngày lễ
- birthday - Christmas Day
- New Year Day - Valentine Day
3. AT: vào
+ specific time: giờ
+ time expressions: cách diễn đạt về thời gian
- at night / midnight - at New Year
- at noon / midday - on / at weekend
- at Christmas - at Easter: lễ phục sinh
4. FROM ….. TO / BETWEEN … AND: từ …. đến

Ex: I work from 9:00 to 5:00.
5. FOR + a period of time: khoảng (thời gian)

Ex: She has been working for Coca-Cola for 8 months.
6. DURING + Noun: trong suốt

Ex: I traveled abroad during my vacation.
7. UNTIL = up to: cho tới

Ex: The bank is open until 5 p.m.
8. BY: trước
Ex: You have to come back by 10 p.m.
9. WITHIN: trong vòng

Ex: This soft drink should be consumed within a month.
7.2. GIỚI TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN

1. IN: ở trong
Ex: The fax machine is in an office.
2. ON: ở trên
Ex1: Please bring me the document on the table.
Ex2: The company is on Pine Street.
3. AT: ở tại
Ex: We saw Mr. Green at the station.
4. BETWEEN … AND: ở giữa … và

Ex: I lost my passport somewhere between the department store and the airport.
5. BEHIND: đằng sau

Ex: Alex led, and I followed along behind.
6. NEAR = BY = BESIDE: bên cạnh; ở gần

Ex1: Is there a good restaurant near here?
Ex2: He wanted to keep his wallet by him always.
Ex3: Our school was built right beside a river.
7. ABOVE/ OVER: bên trên

Ex1: She's rented a room above a shop.
Ex2: The sign over the door said "Exit".
8. OVER / ACROSS: ngang qua

Ex1: She is always chatting with her neighbour over the garden fence.
Ex2: She is walking across the street.
9. UNDER: bên dưới

Ex: They stood under a tree (= below its branches) to avoid getting wet.
10. BELOW: bên dưới

Ex: From the top of the skyscraper the cars below us looked like insects.
11. IN FRONT OF: trước; phía trước

Ex: Why did you have to embarrass me in front of all those people?
PRACTICE
1. The mail carrier left the mail ……………. the secretary’s desk.
A: to B: on C: at D: above
2. The software company offers training …………… Atlanta.
A: at B: on C: by D: in
3. There will be a holiday ………… Monday.
A: on B: from C: at D: in
4. The presentation starts …………. 9.30 A.M in the conference room.
A: on B: at C: in D: for
5. The interviewer will not give the candidate the interview results ……..…….. tomorrow.
A: on B: until C: from D: at
6. That clerk stands …………. a counter all day.
A: on B: in C: behind D: above
7. Please hand in that report …….….. Friday afternoon.
A: at B: by C: in D: to
8. There is an international company …………… my family-owned company.
A: over B: among C: next to D: between
9. James will be in his office ………… 10.30 to 2.00
A: by B: at C: in D: from
10. The bank usually opens …………….. 8.30 sharp.
A: at B: on C: during D: on
11. The manager will be on a business trip ……..….. December 21st and December 31st.
A: between B: from C: until D: by
12. I will wait for you ……………. the office.
A: between B: in front of C: over D: on
13. The CEO of our parent company arrived ….……… HCM city just in time for our meeting.
A: in B: at C: into D: on
14. The Annual General Meeting of shareholders is taking place next week …………… the events hall on
the 18th floor.
A: on B: to C: in D: under
15. Journalists ………... the world welcomed the announcement that the HLB Media Institute would remain
open.
A: on B: over C: around D: through

8. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: MỆNH ĐỀ PHỤ TÍNH TỪ
Bắt đầu các từ nối mệnh đề quan hệ sau: (1) WHO, (2) WHOM, (3) WHICH (4) THAT (5) WHOSE
8.1. WHO: dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề tính từ
……….. N (people) + WHO + V + …
Ex: The accountants were very good. They advised me.
 The accountants WHO/THAT advised me were very good.
8.2. WHOM: dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm túc từ trong mệnh đề tính từ
………. N (people) + WHOM + S + V + …
Ex: I talked to an economist. You saw him yesterday.
 I talked to an economist WHOM / THAT you saw yesterday.
Chú ý:
1. Ta có thể dùng WHO thay cho WHOM
Ex: I talked to an economist WHOM / WHO you saw yesterday.
2. ‘Whom’ có thể được bỏ đi nếu nó không đứng sau giới từ

Ex: I met with an economist WHOM you saw yesterday.
Ex: I met with an economist TO WHOM you talked yesterday.
8.3. WHICH: dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề tính từ
A. ……….. N (thing) + WHICH + V + ….
Ex: She looked at the letter. The letter was sent by her mother.
 She looked at the letter WHICH / THAT was sent by her mother.
B. ……. N (thing) + WHICH + S + V + ……

Ex: She showed me the letter. She talked about the letter yesterday.
 She showed me the letter WHICH / THAT she talked about yesterday.
Chú ý:
‘Which’ có thể được bỏ đi nếu nó làm túc từ trong mệnh đề tính từ và nó không đứng sau giới từ
Ex: She showed me the letter. She talked about the letter yesterday.
 She showed me the letter WHICH she talked about yesterday.
8.4. THAT: dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật hoặc chỉ người làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề tính từ
Lưu ý: Các trường hợp không được dùng THAT thay cho WHO, WHOM / WHICH
1. THAT không được dùng sau dấu phẩy.
Ex: My brother, Jim, who / that lives in London is a doctor.
2. THAT không được dùng sau giới từ (to, from, on, in, at …).
Ex: Mr. Smith, to whom / that I talked on the phone last night, is a nice person.
3. THAT không được dùng sau các chỉ số lượng như

- all of # none of (not .. any of): tất cả # không ai
- both of: cả hai # neither of (not … either of): không ai trong số hai người
- much of / many of / some of
- each of / one of / two of: một trong những
Ex: I have three brothers, all of whom / that are married.
8.5. WHOSE: chỉ sự sở hữu

……… N + WHOSE + N + V + ………
Ex: Our company is looking for candidates. Their degrees are proper.
 Our company is looking for candidates WHOSE degrees are proper.

PRACTICE
1. We drew up a short-list of candidates …….……. CVs were very good.
- to draw (up) – drew – drawn: lập ra; soạn ra
- short-list candidate (n): người xin việc được sơ tuyển
A: whom B: whose C: which D: who
2. Mr. Smith, ………..……. I was talking to, is the head of AT&T.
- head (n): người đứng đầu
A: which B: whose C: whom D: that
3. The company for …………. she works has a very good reputation.
- reputation (n): danh tiếng
A: which B: that C: who D: whom
4. The new accounts program, …………. cost a lot of money, is working very well.
- to cost – cost – cost: có giá
A: that B: whose C: which D: whom
5. Managers ………..… have time to fill in for sick employees will be respected.
- to fill in for: thay thế; làm thay - to respect: tôn trọng; kính nể
A: who B: ,who C: whose D: which
6. Glaxo, ………. products include Zantac, is the biggest drug producer in Europe.
- to include; bao gồm - drug producer (n): công ty dược phẩm
A: that B: whose C: which D: whom
7. Kart Motors has recently built a factory in Arizona, …….…… will become operational next week.
- operational (adj): đi vào hoạt động
A: who B: that C: whom D: which
8. Please ensure that you have to return goods ………… has defects within a week of purchase.
- defect (n): có lỗi; bị lỗi - purchase (n): mua
A: that B: who C: whose D: whom
9. Peter has found the invoice for ………. you were looking.
- invoice (n): hóa đơn
A: that B: which C: who D: whom
10. The client from ……..……. we have received this complaint wishes us to take action immediately.
A: whom B: who C: that D: which
- to take action: hành động - immediately (adv): ngay lập tức
11. You may return for a full refund any merchandise with ……….. you are not satisfied.
- full refund (n): hoàn tiền đầy đủ - merchandise (n): hàng hóa
A: who B: whom C: which D: whose
12. We hope to become partners with the insurance company ………… products and services meet our
needs. – partner (n): đối tác
A: which B: that C: what D: whose
13. The advertising campaign ……………Lucy generated was very profitable.
- advertising campaign (n): chiến dịch quảng cáo - to generate: tạo ra - profitable (adj): có lời
A: who B: that C: ,which D: whose
14. There are many companies ………….. are working on new technologies.
A: whom B: which C: ,which D: whose
15. I have always found that it's helpful to have a few wise and trusted people to ………….. you can turn for
information and advice.
A: that B: who C: where D: whom

9. ADVERB CLAUSE: MỆNH ĐỀ PHỤ TRẠNG TỪ
9.1. Adverb clause of time: Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bằng các từ nối mệnh đề như:
• When = as: khi • After: sau khi
• While: trong khi • Before: trước khi
• Until: cho tới khi • Since: từ khi
• As soon as: ngay khi • Once: một khi
Sự phối hợp về thì trong mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ thời gian Mệnh đề chính
1. Thì hiện tại đơn / Thì hiện tại hoàn thành 1. Thì tương lai đơn
Ex1: When I see him, I will inform him of the news.
2. Thì quá khứ đơn 2. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Ex2: When I arrived, he had left.
3. Thì quá khứ đơn 3. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Ex3: When I arrived, he was watching TV.
4. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn 4. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ex4: While he was watching TV, I was reading books.
5. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành 4. SINCE + S + V (thì quá khứ đơn)
Ex5: He has worked for the same company since he graduated from university.
9.2. Adverb clause of manner: Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ thể cách bắt đầu bằng các từ nối mệnh đề như:
• As: như
• As if = as though: như thể là
Ex1: You talk as if / as though you were my father.
Ex2: Do as I told you.
9.3. Adverb clause of reason: Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ lý do bắt đầu bằng các từ nối mệnh đề như:
• because / as / since: bởi vì
Ex: They were not able to get the money from the bank because their documents did not meet the terms of
the Letter of credit.
9.4. Adverb clause of result / cause and effect: Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân kết quả bắt đầu
bằng các từ nối mệnh đề như:
• S + V + So + / ADJ / ADV + that + Clause (S + V + …): quá đến nỗi mà
• S + V + Such [a(n)] + (adj) + N + that + Clause: quá đến nỗi mà
Ex1: The program has been so organised that none of the talks overlap.
Ex2: He places orders for computer parts so regularly that we can offer him 10% off the list price.
9.5. Adverb clause of purpose: Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ mục đích bắt đầu bằng các từ nối mệnh đề như:
• so that / in order that: để mà
Ex: I wrote the date in my diary so that I don’t forget the meeting this morning.
9.6. Adverb clause of concession: Mệnh đề phụ trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bắt đầu bằng các từ nối mệnh đề
như:
• Although = Though: mặc dù
• Even though: thậm chí mặc dù
Ex: Although both imports and exports may fall next year, the levels are likely to be different.

PRACTICE
1. ………..…. you are a regular customer, we can give you a ten-percent discount.
- regular customer (n): khách hàng thường xuyên
A: While B: Although C: Since D: So that
2. …………. the company had made every effort, it continued to lose market share to its competitors.
- to make effort: nổ lực; cố gắng - to lose – lost - lost: mất
- market share (n): thị phần - competitor (n): đối thủ
A: When B: Before C: As D: Even though
3. The company is going to introduce new machines ………..……. productivity can increase.
- productivity (n): năng suất - to increase: tăng
A: although B: that C: until D: so that
4. I would like to know about the interest rate ………….. I can agree to the loan.
- interest rate (n): lãi suất - loan (n): khoản vay
A: when B: after C: before D: since
5. The savings banks had such bad interest rates …………. they switched to financial institutions.
- to switch to: chuyển sang - financial institution (n): tổ chức tài chính
A: than B: though C: as if D: that
6. Mr. Laurier is ………. a reliable customer that we have never had any trouble getting payment from him.
A: such B: so C: since D: as
7. ………….. the shippers handles the consignment carefully, all the machines were damaged beyond repair.
- to handle: xử lý - consignment (n): hàng gởi đi
- to damage: hư hỏng - beyond repair: không thể sửa chữa được
A: So that B: Although C: Since D: Because
8. We will have breakfast in the hotel …………. we go to the office.
A: until B: before C: as D: although
9. They opened an office in the US ……….…. they wanted to concentrate on the stock market.
- to concentrate (on): tập trung (vào) - stock market (n): thị trường chứng khoán
A: although B: even though C: so that D: because
10. There was such a suspicious amount of account activity …………. we had to call the customer.
- suspicious (adj): đáng nghi; khả nghi
A: since B: while C: that D: unless
11. Please answer the phone ……..…… it rings.
A: even though B: as soon as C: since D: before
12. ………… Mr. Park worked for us, he had received training abroad.
A: Before B: As soon as C: Unless D: When
13. We have decided to give her the job ………….. Ms. Clark has an excellent background.
A: because B: even though C: so that D: before
14. You will feel more comfortable at your new job ……….. you have been working there for a while.
A: after B: before C: while D: as if
15. What Ms. Jones meant to say was that e-mail cannot be sent …………. the network is operational.
- operational (adj): hoạt động
A: since B: until C: when D: that
16. Many people have started coming to work by bus …………. the parking fees have gotten so high.
A: unless B: since C: while D: so that
17. …………… the power went out, the clerks were photocopying the reports for the meeting.
- power (n): điện - to go out: cúp điện - clerk (n): người thư ký
A: When B: Until C: If D: After
18. The musicians began playing “Happy Birthday” …………. the president entered in the room.
A: while B: so that C: as though D: as soon as
19. I always watch TV with English subtitles …………….. I can improve my vocabulary.
- subtitle (n): phụ đề - to improve: cải thiện
A: after B: when C: so that D: while
20. I need to take out a loan: vay mượn from a finance company …………….. I want to buy a new car.
A: so that B: as C: while D: unless

10. MODAL VERBS
MODAL VERBS + V0/ BARE INFINITIVE (động từ nguyên mẫu KHÔNG ‘TO’)
1. MUST/HAVE TO / NEED - HAD TO: phải, cần phải (chỉ sự bắt buộc)
Ex: You must wear suit to the meeting.
* MUSTN’T: cấm; không được # don’t have to/ doesn’t have to/ don’t need to/ doesn’t need to/ needn’t:
không phải, không cần
Ex: You mustn’t drive over 100 km/h in the city center.
2. CAN - COULD: có thể (chỉ khả năng)

Ex: The secretary can type very fast.
3. SHOULD / OUGHT TO / HAD BETTER: nên (lời khuyên)

Ex: You should look for information about that company first.
4. MAY / MIGHT: có lẽ (chỉ sự phỏng đoán; giả thuyết, không chắc chắn)
Ex: The seminar may finish late.
PRACTICE
1. Mary is a bilingual secretary because she ……………. speak English and French.
- bilingual (adj): biết hai thứ tiếng
A: may B: could C: can D: should
2. I don’t think you ……………. accept the offer, which is not good for your career development.
- to accept: chấp nhận - career development (n): việc phát triển nghề nghiệp
A: should B: may C: could D: ought
3. You ………………….. tell anyone about our new project. It’s a secret.
- project (n): dự án - secret (n): bí mật
A: needn’t B: don’t have to C: mustn’t D: don’t need to
4. He ………… a better job if he spends more time sending C.V. to many more companies.
A: may B: mays get C: may gets D: may get
5. I ………… go to the post office this morning.
A: ought B: must B: have D: should to
6. Here's the application form you …………… fill out and send it soon; otherwise, it’s too late.
- application form: đơn xin việc - to fill out / in: điền vào
A: can B: should C: will D: could
7. It ………… be possible to change the meeting to next month. You should check with the director for sure.
- possible (adj): có lẽ
A: might B: must C: can D: should
8. You …………… focus more on your family and less on work. You have never had dinner at home.
A: had better B: should to C: must D: can
9. It is said that China …………… become a major economic leader, but this is not certain.
- major economic leader (n): nước dẫn dầu về kinh tế - certain (adj): chắc chắn
A: must B: may C: ought to D: can
10. He gave up his old job so he ……………. have time to work for us.
A: can B: must C: should D: could

11. IF CLAUSE: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Thường bắt đầu bằng các từ nối mệnh đề như:
- if
- as long as: nếu; miễn là
- provided / providing (that): miễn là; nếu
- unless: nếu không
Câu điều kiện có 3 loại:

Loại 1: Điều kiện có thật trong tương lai
Diễn tả 1 hành động có thật và sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai. Ta dùng cấu trúc:
IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Simple present (thì hiện tại đơn) + Future simple (thì tương lai đơn)
+ Simple tense (hiện tại đơn)
+ Imperative (mệnh lệnh)
+ Modal Verbs (must, can, may, should …)
Ex1: If you send your order by fax, we will deliver the goods immediately.
Ex2: If you order in bulk, you usually get a discount.
Ex3: If you need my help, just call me.
Ex4: If you want to cancel your order, you can tell us at any time.
* Imperative (câu mệnh lệnh): thường bắt đầu bằng động từ.
+ Positive: xác định
Please + V + … = V + …, please
Please be quiet. = Be quiet, please
+ Negative: phủ định

Please + DON’T + V + … = DON’T + V + …, please
Please don’t make noise. = Don’t make noise, please
Loại 2: Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

Diễn tả 1 sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại. Ta dùng cấu trúc:
Simple past (thì quá khứ đơn) would / could / might + bare inf
Ex: If there were/was not my help, he might not establish his own business.
Loại 3: Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

Diễn tả 1 sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ. Ta dùng cấu trúc:
Past perfect (thì quá khứ hoàn thành: had + pp) would / could / might + have + PP/V-ed
Ex: If I had had money, I would have bought the car.
PRACTICE
1. If Sheila ..………….. the money she has owed me, I won’t be able to pay my rent.
- to owe: nợ
A: did not return B: does not return
C: would not return D: had not returned
2. If the airline hadn’t been on strike, his flight ……..….. delayed.
- to be on strike: đình công
A: wouldn’t have been B: was not
C: would not be D: had not been
3. If the city ………….. the parking lot space downtown, we would not have to park so far away from the
movie theatre.
- parking lot space (n): bãi đậu xe - downtown (n): trung tâm thành phố
- to expand: mở rộng

A: expands B: doesn’t expand C: will be expanded D: expanded
4. We ……….. on the beach in Mexico if we had been able to get our visas on time.
- to lie – lay – lain - lying: nằm, nằm dài
A: are lying B: would have lain C: would be lying D: lay
5. If you send your order by fax, we ………….. the goods immediately.
- immediately (adv): ngay lập tức
A: would deliver B: will deliver C: are delivering D: delivered
6. If the government ………….. that companies should reduce the legal work week to 35 hours, many small
companies would go bankrupt.
- to reduce: giảm - legal work week (n): tuần làm việc theo qui định
- to go bankrupt: phá sản - to announce: thông báo
A: announces B: is announced C: has announced D: announced
7. If more subway lines and roads were built for suburban commuters, it is likely that they ……….. their
vehicles much less frequently.
- subway line (n): tuyến đường xe điện ngầm - suburban commuter (n): người ở vùng ngoại ô
- vehicle (n): xe cộ - frequently (adv): thường xuyên
A: use B: will use C: used D: would use
8. If you had executed the order carefully, they ……..…….. another order with you.
- to execute an order: thực hiện đơn hàng - to place an order: đặt hàng
A: would place B: placed C: will place D: would have placed
9. Please don’t hesitate to contact us directly for clarification if you ………….. the assembly directions in
the manual.
- to hesitate: do dự - to contact: liên hệ
- directly (adv): trực tiếp - clarification (n): giải thích; việc làm cho rõ
- assembly direction (n): hướng dẫn lắp ráp - manual (n): sách hướng dẫn
A: hadn’t understood B: didn’t understand
C: don’t understand D: won’t understand
10. If employees ………. to take vacation time, they must inform their supervisor in writing at least 2 weeks
prior to the first day off.
- supervisor (n): người quản lý - in writing: bằng văn bản
- prior to (prep): trước
A: will plan B: plan C: would plan D: will have planned
11. Where …………… choose to go, if you got a job in any city in the world?
A: will you B: did you C: can you D: would you
12. If I can speak English, I …………. for a job in a multinational company.
- multinational company (n): công ty đa quốc gia
A: would apply B: apply C: will apply D: applied
13. It would have been a much more serious loss if we ………….. doing business with that company.
- serious loss (n): việc thua lỗ nghiêm trọng
A: would continue B: would have continued C: had continued D: continued
14. A: “Can I borrow your car for this evening?”
B: “Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she ……… it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it.”
A: brought B: would bring C: will bring D: brings
15. If you ……….. to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this trouble now.
A: listen B: would listen C: had listened D: listened

B. ERROR RECOGNITION: BÀI TẬP SỬA LỖI CÂU
PRACTICE 1
1. John became a manager since he was 25.
A B C D
2. Our distributor called while I have talked to Jim.
A B C D
3. I have review your proposal, and I'm quite impressed.
A B C D
- to review: xem lại - proposal (n): lời đề nghị - to be impressed: có ấn tượng
4. Negotiations are expected to continue into the weekend.
A B C D
- negotiation (n): cuộc thương lượng
5. If he doesn't come in the next 10 minutes, we would start the meeting without him.
A B C D
6. Did Sarah goes to the trade fair on Thursday?
A B C D
- trade fair (n): hội chợ thương mại
7. We must to tell you that your payment is overdue.
A B C D
- overdue (adj): quá hạn
8. My colleague speaks English more fluent than I do.
A B C D
- colleague (n): bạn đồng nghiệp - fluent (adj): lưu loát
9. The supervisor showed a noticeable dislike for employees which were late.
A B C D
- supervisor (n): người giám sát - noticeable (adj): có thể thấy được
10. People can either create and purchase software containing programs that a computer uses to perform a
A B C D
task.
- to purchase: mua - to contain: chứa đựng - to perform: thực hiện
PRACTICE 2
1. I have thought about your proposal, and I think we accepted it.
A B C D
- proposal (n): lời đề nghị - to accept: chấp nhận
2. I was sitting in a meeting when my mobile phone rings.
A B C D
3. The training course is good, but more hard than I thought.
A B C D
4. We must work out our income tax returns accurate.
A B C D
- to work out: tính toán - income tax returns: việc hoàn thuế thu nhập - accurate (adj): chính xác
5. Can you repair a computer in Liam’s office?
A B C D
6. Today’s meeting is not as interesting than yesterday’s meeting.
A B C D
7. Has the boss decided to give we the holiday off, or will we get overtime for the hours that we work?
A B C D
8. Paychecks are distributed to all employees on Friday afternoon in 3:00.
A B C D
- paycheck (n): chi phiếu - to distribute: phân phát
9. In the 1970’s there have been two unsuccessful attempts to revive the dollar coin in the US.
A B C D
- attempt (n): sự nổ lực, sự cố gắng - to revive: vực dậy

10. The new employee did not want to ask for help even though he cannot understand the directions.
A B C D
- direction (n): lời hướng dẫn
PRACTICE 3
1. Mr. Thompson is on sick leave today, that’s why I do his job.
A B C D
- to be on sick leave: nghỉ làm vì bị bệnh
2. The train to Liverpool will depart from the platform 7 in ten minutes.
A B C D
3. I don’t need those statistics right now, but please have them ready since five o’clock.
A B C D
- statistics (n): số liệu thống kê - ready (adj): sẳn sàng
4. Our sales are very good; besides, our main competitor’s sales are also going up very quickly.
A B C D
- sales (n): doanh số bán - competitor (n): đối thủ
5. Are there some good restaurants in the center?
A B C D
6. Take the time to fully prepare yourself for interview succeeding.
A B C D
- fully prepare: chuẩn bị đầy đủ
7. Mary usually arrives at the office at nine o’clock, but because the storm, she was two hours late.
A B C D
8. Our new television came with a ninety-days warranty on all electrical components.
A B C D
- warranty (n): bảo hành - electrical component (n): linh kiện điện tử
9. Our products are not just good – they’re better in the world.
A B C D
10. How much tables do we need to reserve for the staff party?
A B C D
- to reserve = to book: đăng ký trước

C. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: PHẦN CHUYỂN HÓA CÂU
Structure 1 THERE IS / THERE ARE  HAS / HAVE
There is
There was + singular subject …
There has been (or non-count)
S + has / have / … + noun +
There are
There were + plural subject …
There have been
A: HAVE khi có chủ từ (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
1. Present simple: thì hiện tại đơn
I, You, We, They – HAVE
He, She, It - HAS
2. Simple past: thì quá khứ đơn

I, You, He, She, It, We, They - HAD
3. Present perfect: thì hiện tại hoàn thành

I, You, We, They – HAVE BEEN
He, She, It – HAS BEEN
4. Past perfect: thì quá khứ hoàn thành

I, You, He, She, It, We, They - HAD BEEN
5. Future simple: thì tương lai đơn

I, You, He, She, It, We, They – WILL HAVE
B: THERE IS / THERE ARE + danh từ + cụm giới từ

1. Present simple: thì hiện tại đơn
There is a …/ There are …
2. Simple past: thì quá khứ đơn
There was a …/ There were …
3. Present perfect: thì hiện tại hoàn thành

There has been a …./ There have been ….
4. Past perfect: thì quá khứ hoàn thành

There had been (a) …
5. Future simple: thì tương lai đơn

There will be (a) …
Ex: Our company has three departments.
OR: There are three departments in our company.
Ex:
1. Sara Lee Inc. has 146,000 employees worldwide.
-> There are ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. I had no money in my pocket.
-> There was ……………………………………………………………………………………………...

PRACTICE
1. Our subsidiary has more than 300 local employees and some staff from the head office.
- subsidiary (n): công ty con - staff (n): nhân viên
A: There is more than 300 local employees and some staff from the head office in our subsidiary.
B: There are more than 300 local employees and some staff from the head office in our subsidiary.
C: There has been more than 300 local employees and some staff from the head office in our subsidiary.
D: there have been more than 300 local employees and some staff from the head office in our subsidiary.
2. My factory has more than a thousand workers.

A: There is more than a thousand workers in my factory.
B: There are more than a thousand workers in my factory.
C: It has more than a thousand workers in my factory.
D: It have more than a thousand workers in my factory.
3. As of August 2012, Apple Inc. had 382 stores worldwide.

- as of: khoảng - worldwide (adv): khắp thế giới
A: As of August 2012, there were 382 stores of Apple Inc. worldwide.
B: As of August 2012, there had been 382 stores of Apple Inc. worldwide.
C: As of August 2012, there to be 382 stores of Apple Inc. worldwide.
D: As of August 2012, there used to have 382 stores of Apple Inc. worldwide.
THERE USED TO BE: đã từng có
4: We have five factories in this region: khu vực.

A: There are five factories in this region.
B: There is five factories in this region.
C: There were five factories in this region.
D: There was five factories in this region.
5: My company has more than 3,000 workers.

A: There are more than 3,000 workers in my company.
B: There is more than 3,000 workers in my company.
C: There has been more than 3,000 workers in my company.
D: There have more than 3,000 workers in my company.

Structure 2: COMPARISON: so sánh bằng / so sánh hơn
S + V + (not) as + adjective + as + noun / pronoun
S+V+ adjective + er + than + noun / pronoun

more adjective
Structure 3: COMPARISON: so sánh nhất

S + V + the + most + adjective + in + singular count noun
adjective + est of + plural count noun
Example
1. Japanese cars are better than American cars.
-> American cars …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Siemens is not as profitable as Unilever.
-> Unilever is ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. No one in the club plays tennis better than Barbara.
-> Barbara is ………………………………………………………………………………………………...
PRACTICE
1. This is the most challenging project I have ever done.
A: This is not as challenging as the project I have ever done.
B: I have never done a more challenging project than this.
C: I have done a lot of challenging projects.
D: This project is more challenging than I expected: mong đợi.
2. The firm is not as reliable as it was in the past.

A: The firm is more reliable than it was in the past.
B: The firm used to be more reliable than it is.
C: The firm used to be as reliable as it is.
D: The firm used to be less reliable than it is.
- firm (n): công ty - reliable (adj): đáng tin cậy - used to be: đã từng
3. Our new blender works more efficiently than any of our competitors’ products on the market.
- blender (n): máy xay sinh tố - efficiently (adv): có hiệu quả
A: No blender of our competitors’ on the market works less efficiently than ours.
B: No blender of our competitors’ on the market works as efficiently as ours.
C: Our new blender and our competitors’ blender on the market work equally efficiently.
- equally (adv): ngang bằng
D: Our new blender works as efficiently as our competitors’ blender.
4: Tom is the most efficient worker in the company.

A: No one in the company works as efficiently as Tom.
B: No one in the company works as efficient as Tom.
C: No one in the company works more efficiently.
D: No one in the company works the most efficiently.
5: She isn’t as careful as I am.

A: I am the most careful.
B: I am more careful than she is.
C: I am more careful than she.
D: I am not more careful than she is.

Structure 5: SPEND + … V-ING  TAKE … TO INF
Đổi SPEND -> TAKE
S (I, you, he, she ..) + spend / spent + how long + V-ing …
ai để ra bao nhiêu thời gian để làm ….
=
It takes / took + (S.O: me, you, him, her, ) + how long + to inf ….
(ai) mất bao nhiêu thời gian để ……
B1: Lấy chủ từ (nếu có) hoặc các đại từ (I, you, he, …) của câu SPEND -> túc từ (me, you, him …) của câu
TAKE/TOOK
Sbject Object
I Me
You You
He Him
She Her
It It
We Us
They Them
B2: Viết lại thời gian.
B3: Chuyển V-ING -> TO INF và viết lại các thành phần còn lại
Ex: I spend 2 months finishing my English course.

=
Ex: It takes me 2 months to finish my English course.
Đổi TAKE -> SPEND
It takes / took (+ S.O: me, you, him, her, us, them) + how long + TO INF
S (I, you, he, she, we, they) + spend / spent + how long + V-ING
B1: Lấy túc từ (nếu có) (me, you, him, …) của câu TAKE -> chủ từ (I, you, he …) của câu SPEND
B2: Viết lại thời gian.
B3: Chuyển TO INF -> V-ING
B4: Viết lại các thành phần còn lại
Ex: It takes me 2 months to finish my English course.
=
I spend 2 months finishing my English course.
Ex:
1. When Mary wanted a new car, she had to save up for a year.
-> It took ………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. They spend half an hour watching the news on TV everyday.
-> It takes …………………………………………………………………………………………...
PRACTICE
1. The marketing team spent 2 weeks planning for their new product’s launch.
A: The marketing team lasted 2 weeks planning for their new product’s launch.
B: The marketing team took 2 weeks to plan for their new product’s launch.
C: It took the marketing team 2 weeks to plan for their new product’s launch.
D: The marketing team had 2 weeks planning for their new product’s launch.

2. John spends six hours checking the engines in the factory every day.
A: It takes John six hours checking the engines in the factory every day.
B: It takes six hours for John checking the engines in the factory every day.
C: It takes John six hours to check the engines in the factory every day.
D: It takes the engines in the factory six hours for John to check every day.
3. Mary had to spend more than a year studying English before she went to England for the MBA.
A: It took Mary more than a year to study English before she went to England for the MBA.
B: It took Mary more than a year studying English before she went to England for the MBA.
C: It took Mary less than a year to study English before she went to England for the MBA.
D: It took Mary less than a year studying English before she went to England for the MBA.
4: We spent three months studying statistics: số liệu thống kê.

A: It took us three months studying statistics.
B: It took us three months to study statistics.
C: It took us three months to studying statistics.
D: It took three months to study statistics.
5. They spent two hours studying the proposal: lời đề nghị.

A: It took them two hours studying the proposal.
B: It took them two hours to study the proposal.
C: It took two hours for them studying the proposal.
D: It took the proposal two hours for them to study.

Structure 6 SIMPLE PAST  PRESENT PERFECT
Simple past tense used with AGO Present perfect used with SINCE / FOR
B1: Nếu trong câu có STARTED / BEGAN, ta bỏ đi

B2: Động từ chính hoặc động từ sau STARTED / BEGAN chuyển về dạng V-ed/ V3
B3: Trước thời gian ta dùng SINCE hoặc FOR.
Lưu ý: nếu dùng SINCE ta giữ AGO, nếu dùng FOR ta bỏ AGO.
Ex:
1. He started running the company three years ago.
-> He has …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Sebastian was a television presenter five years ago.
-> Sebastian has …………………………………………………………………………………………..
PRACTICE
1. The clothing store started experiencing financial problems three years ago.
A: The clothing store has experienced financial problems for the last three years.
B: The clothing store has experienced financial problems since the last three years.
C: The clothing store started experiencing financial problems for the last three years.
D: It was three years that the clothing store has experienced financial problems.
2. Ms Sanchez became my secretary 3 years ago.

A: Ms Sanchez has became my secretary 3 years ago.
B: Ms Sanchez has become my secretary 3 years ago.
C: Ms Sanchez has became my secretary for 3 years.
D: Ms Sanchez has become my secretary for 3 years.
3. He started running the company three years ago.

A: He has run the company since three years ago.
B: He has started running the company for three years.
C: He has started running the company since three years.
D: He ran the company for three years.
4: She started typing the report thirty minutes ago.

A: She had typed the report for thirty minutes.
B: She typed the report for thirty minutes.
C: She has typed the report for thirty minutes.
D: She has started typing the report for thirty minutes.
5. Bill Gates started making money on software when he was 25.

A: Bill Gates has started making money on software since he was 25
B: Bill Gates has made money on software since he was 25.
C: Bill Gates had made money on software since he was 25.
D: Bill Gates made money on software since he was 25.

Structure 11: CAUSATIVE: THỂ NHỜ BẢO
11.1. Active: thể chủ động (biết người mà mình nhờ)
A: HAVE + S.O + BARE INF/ V0
nhờ ai làm điều gì
Ex: I have him repair my car.
B: GET + S.O + TO INF

nhờ ai làm điều gì
Ex: I get him to repair my car.
11.2. Passive: thể bị động (không biết người làm, chỉ quan tâm đến hành động được làm)
HAVE / GET + STH + PP / V-ed
Ex: I have / get my care repaired (by him).
Ex:
1. My boss asked = GOT me to book a flight to Rome for him.
- to book: đăng ký; đặt chỗ
My boss had ………………………………………………………………………………..….………………..
2. Mr. Falvey got me to send off those invoices yesterday afternoon.
- to send sth off (n): gởi đi bằng đường bưu điện - invoice (n): hóa đơn
Mr. Falvey had …………………………………………………………………………………………………
PRACTICE
1. The manager asked Ms. Brunelli to show the new clerk around the premises.
- clerk (n): thư ký - premisies (n): cơ sở; nhà xưởng
A: The manager had Ms. Brunelli show the new clerk around the premises.
B: The manager had Ms. Brunelli to show the new clerk around the premises.
C: The manager had Ms. Brunelli showed the new clerk around the premises.
D: The manager had Ms. Brunelli to have showed the new clerk around the premises.
2. They always have Jenny make copies for them.

A: They always get Jenny make copies for them.
B: Jenny is always had make copies for them.
C: Jenny is always had to make copies for them.
D: They always have copies made for them by Jenny.
3. I had the shipping agency deliver the package last Monday.

A: I got the shipping agency delivering the package last Monday.
B: I had the package delivered by the shipping agency last Monday.
C: I had the package to be delivered by the shipping agency last Monday.
D: I got the shipping agency to have delivered the package last Monday.
4: I had Tony save all the files.

A: I had all the files saved by Tony.
B: I had all the files save by Tony.
C: I had all the files saving by Tony.
D: I had all the files to save by Tony.
5: They always get us to decorate the showroom.

A: They always have the showroom decorated by us.
B: They always have the showroom decorate by us.
C: They have always decorated the showroom by us.
D: The showroom is always decorated by us.

Structure 12: EXCLAMATION SENTENCE: Câu cảm thán
How + adjective + S + V What+ {a(n)} + adjective + noun + S + V
Example
1. How smart that businessman is!
-> What a smart businessman he is!
2. What a big deal it is!
-> How big the deal is!
PRACTICE
1. How successful our meeting was!
A: What successful meeting was it!
B: What a successful meeting was!
C: What a successful meeting it was!
D: What it was a successful meeting!
2. What a smart marketing strategy it is for the campaign to improve their images.
- marketing strategy (n): chiến lược tiếp thị - campaign (n): chiến dịch
A: How smart the marketing strategy it is for the campaign to improve their images.
B: How smart the marketing strategy is for the campaign to improve their images.
C: How smart marketing strategy is it for the campaign to improve their images.
D: How smart marketing strategy for the campaign to improve their images.
3. What a great idea he has!

A: How great is his idea!
B: How great is his idea?
C: How great his idea is!
D: How great idea he is!
4: What a wonderful job opportunity!

A: How is wonderful the job opportunity!
B: How the job opportunity wonderful is!
C: How wonderful the job opportunity is!
D: How wonderful is the job opportunity!
5: What an attractive invitation it sounds!

A: How attractive does the invitation sound!
B: How attractive the invitation sounds!
C: The invitation sounds too attractive!
D: The invitation sounds so attractive!

Structure 14: BECAUSE BECAUSE OF
… because + S + V + … … because of / due to + noun (phrase)
Cách đổi BECAUSE / SINCE / AS -> BECAUSE OF / DUE TO: có 3 bước

Bước 1: Bỏ BECAUSE thay bằng BECAUSE OF
Because => Because of he had a bad salary, he quit the job.
Bước 2: Nếu 2 mệnh đề có cùng chủ từ, ta bỏ chủ từ trong mệnh đề BECAUSE.
BECAUSE OF he had a bad salary, he quit the job.
Bước 3: Ta chuyển động từ đứng liền sau chủ từ về dạng V-ING

BECAUSE OF had -> having a bad salary, he quit the job.
Lưu ý:
1. Nếu chủ từ trong mệnh đề BECAUSE không cùng chủ từ với mệnh đề chính, ta dùng tính từ sở hữu (my,
your, her, his, its, our, their) đặt trước V-ING.
Ex: Because SHE was good, THEY employed her.
 Because of HER being good, they employed her.
2. Nếu chủ từ trong mệnh đề BECAUSE không phải là đại từ (I, you, she, he, it, we, they), ta dùng sở hữu
cách (‘s or ‘) đặt trước V-ING.
Ex: BECAUSE MARY was good, THEY employed her.
 BECAUSE OF Mary’s being good, they employed her.
3. Ta có thể dùng Because of the fact that / Due to the fact that thay cho Because / Since / As
Ex: Because he was good, they promoted him.
 Because of the fact that he was good, they promoted him.
4. Ta có thể bỏ BEING trong câu bị động hoặc câu có thì tiếp diễn
Ex: Because the book was written by a famous author, it was good.
bị động
 Because of (BEING) written by a famous author, the book was good.
Ex: Because we are working hard, we can meet the deadline.

hiện tại tiếp diễn
 Because of (BEING) working hard, we can meet the deadline.
Cách đổi BECAUSE OF / DUE TO  BECAUSE / SINCE / AS có 3 bước

Bước 1: Bỏ BECAUSE OF thay bằng BECAUSE
Bước 2: Thêm chủ từ trong mệnh đề BECAUSE.

+ Nếu 2 mệnh đề có cùng chủ từ, lấy chủ từ ở mệnh đề chính làm chủ từ của mệnh đề BECAUSE.
+ Nếu 2 mệnh đề khác chủ từ, chuyển tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh từ sở hữu cách làm chủ từ của mệnh đề
BECAUSE.
Bước 3: Chuyển động từ V-ING sang động từ chính của mệnh đề BECAUSE, động từ này phải phù hợp về
thì với động từ trong mệnh đề chính.
Lưu ý: Nếu “Because of / due to” không có V-ing, ta dùng THERE BE hoặc HAVE
1. Ta dùng THERE BE: có + danh từ, khi câu không có tính từ sỡ hữu (my, your, his, her, our, their)
• Thì hiện tại đơn: There is (a) / There are
• Thì quá khứ đơn: There was (a) / There were
• Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: There has been (a) / There have been
• Thì tương lai đơn: There will be (a)
• Thì quá khứ hoàn thành: There had been (a)

2. Ta dùng HAVE: có, khi câu không có tính từ sỡ hữu (my, your, his, her, our, their)
• Thì hiện tại đơn: (I) have / has (a)
• Thì quá khứ đơn: (I) had (a)
• Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: (I) has had (a) / have had
• Thì tương lai: (I) will have (a)
• Thì quá khứ hoàn thành: (I) had had (a)
Example
1. The students arrived late because they had a traffic jam.
-> The students arrived late because of ……………………………………………………………………...
2. We have to cut down our production because of customers’ low demand.
-> We have to cut down our production because …………………………………………………………...
3. Because of the fall in shares, my friends bought a lot.
-> Because ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Because of his experience, they hired him.
-> Because ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
PRACTICE
1. Because of his misbehaviour, his boss fired him.
- misbehavior (n): cách cư xử không đúng mực - to fire: sa thải; đuổi việc
A: Because he misbehaved, his boss fired him.
B: Because he misbehaved properly, his boss fired him.
- to misbehave: cư xử không đúng mực - properly (adv): đúng mực
C: Because his misbehaving, his boss fired him.
D: Because he didn’t misbehaved properly, his boss fired him.
2. Many government officials in the Ministry of Transportation had to resign because of the terrible
accident on the high way last week.
- government official (n): nhân viên nhà nước - Ministry of Transportation (n): Bộ giao thông
- to resign: từ chức
A: Many government officials in the Ministry of Transportation had to resign because there was a terrible
B: Many government officials in the Ministry of Transportation had to resign because there is a terrible
C: Many government officials in the Ministry of Transportation had to resign because of there terrible
D: Many government officials in the Ministry of Transportation have to resign because of have terrible
3. Because it rained heavily, they didn’t come.

A: Because the heavy rain, they didn’t come.
B: Due to it heavily rained, they didn’t come.
C: They didn’t come so the rain was heavy.
D: Because of the heavy rain, they didn’t come.
4. Because of so many criticisms: sự chỉ trích, he resigned: từ chức as director.

A: Because so many criticisms, he resigned as director.
B: He resigned as director so there were so many criticisms.
C: Due to there were so many criticisms, he resigned as director.
D: Because there were so many criticisms, he resigned as director.
5. The meeting was cancelled because there were few people to attend.
A: Because of be few people to attend, the meeting was cancelled.
B: Because of few people attend, the meeting was cancelled.
C: Because of few people to attend, the meeting was cancelled.
D: Because few people to attend, the meeting was cancelled.

Structure 19 UNLESS: Nếu không  IF … NOT
UNLESS = IF …. NOT / IF …. DOES NOT / DO NOT / DID NOT
Chú ý: + Nếu chủ từ của câu UNLESS là ngôi thứ 3 số ít, ta phải thêm ‘s’ hoặc ‘es’ sau động từ.
Ex: If he doesn’t come, I will leave without him.
-> Unless he comes, I will leave without him.

+ Nếu chủ từ của câu UNLESS là ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta phải thêm ED sau động từ theo qui tắc hoặc
chuyển động từ bất qui tắc về cột 2.
Ex: If he didn’t answer my 2nd call, I would not phone him again.
-> Unless he answered my 2nd call, I would not phone him again.
Ex: If you didn’t lend him the money, you would not get into trouble.
-> Unless you lent my 2nd call, you would not get into trouble.
Ex:
1. If she didn’t go to the meeting, she couldn’t know the good news.
-> Unless ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. If the company doesn’t increase the production capacity, it can’t meet customers’ requirements.
-> Unless the company ………………………………………………………………………………………….
PRACTICE
1. If demand: nhu cầu doesn’t increase: tăng; gia tăng soon, we’re going to have a bad year.
A: Unless demand increases soon, we’re going to have a bad year.
B: Unless demand doesn’t increase soon, we’re going to have a bad year.
C: Unless demand doesn’t increase soon, we would be going to have a bad year.
D: Unless demand increases soon, we’re not going to have a bad year.
2. If sales don’t improve dramatically, we will make a loss this year.

- to improve: cải thiện; tăng - dramatically (adv): mạnh; nhanh - to make a loss: thua lỗ
A: Unless sales don’t improve dramatically, we will make a loss this year.
B: Unless sales not improve dramatically, we will make a loss this year.
C: Unless sales aren’t to improve dramatically, we will make a loss this year.
D: Unless sales improve dramatically, we will make a loss this year.
3. If the construction materials: vật liệu xây dựng don’t arrive this afternoon, we won’t be able to
resume: hoạt động lại work next week.
A: Unless the construction materials arrive this afternoon, we will be able to resume work next week.
B: Unless the construction materials arrive this afternoon, we won’t be able to resume work next week.
C: The construction materials don’t arrive this afternoon unless we will be able to resume work next week.
D: The construction materials arrive this afternoon unless we won’t be able to resume work next week.
4. If you don’t give me a refund: hoàn tiền, I will make a complaint to the shop manager.
A: Unless you don’t give me a refund, I will make a complaint to the shop manager.
B: Unless you give me a refund, I will make a complaint to the shop manager.
C: Unless you don’t give me a refund, I would make a complaint to the shop manager.
D: Unless you give me a refund, I will not make a complaint to the shop manager.
5. If the customers did not pay, our company would bear the risk: chịu rủi ro.
A: Unless the customers did not pay, our company would bear the risk.
B: Unless the customers paid, our company would bear the risk.
C: Unless the customers had paid, our company would have born the risk.
D: Unless the customers had not paid, our company would have born the risk.

D. READING COMPREHENSION: PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU
PRACTICE TEST 1
Job trends for the future emphasize careers in sales and marketing. Most of the growth will come in
international sales, high technology, and electronic marketing. Research shows that overseas sales of high
tech equipment and technology will increase by 20% in the next decade.
The Internet is the primary source for advertising and marketing to these overseas customers. At the same
time, however, successful marketers must find new avenues to increase consumer awareness of their
products. As some clients become inundated by information on the Internet, and as others are still just
learning to navigate the Web, the marketers of the future will have to be inventive.
More traditional sales skills such as bilingualism and an agreeable character are still useful. Willingness to
travel is also a plus.
- trend (n): xu hướng - willingness (n): sự sẳn sàng

- to emphasize: nhấn mạnh - plus (n): điểm cộng
- career (n): nghề nghiệp Q1. promise (n): sự hứa hẹn
- growth (n): sự phát triển D: travel agent (n): nhân viên của công ty du lịch
- electronic marketing (n): tiếp thị điện tử (như Q.2. A: to to focus on: tập trung vào
email) B: to address: nói đến
- decade (n): thập niên - neglected market segment (n): phân khúc thị
- primary (adj): chủ yếu trường không được chú ý đến
- source (n): nguồn D: to occur: xảy ra
- avenue (n): cách thức Q.4. author (n): tác giả
- awareness (n): sự nhận thức A: bilingual (adj): song ngữ
- as = because D: creative (adj): sang tạo
- client (n): khách hàng Q.5. according to: theo
- be inundated: miễn nhiễm (không bị ảnh hưởng) - article (n): bài báo
- to navigate: dò tìm - effective (adj): có hiệu quả
- inventive (adj): sáng tạo C: access to (n): việc tiếp cận
- bilingualism (n): song ngữ; hai thứ tiếng D: consumer (n): người tiêu dùng
- agreeable (adj): vui vẻ dễ chịu - to be unaware of: không ý thức
- character (n): tính cách
1. What kinds of careers show promise for future?

A: research and development C: high technology
B: sales and marketing D: travel agents
2. Why are these careers increasing in importance?
A: Companies are trying to focus on profits. C: High-tech sales are growing.
B: They address a neglected market segment. D: Most marketing will occur on the internet.
3. The word “avenues” in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to
A: streets B: ways C: stores D: sales
4. The author believes that the successful marketer must be
A: bilingual B: overseas C: helpful D: creative
5. According to the article, why isn’t Internet advertising always effective?
A: Some users see too much of it; some see too little.
B: Many users have limited English skills.
C: Access to the Web may be limited.
D: Consumers are unaware of products advertised on the Internet.
PRACTICE TEST 2
Meetings can waste a great deal of time. But you can make your meeting run smoothly by following a few
simple rules. First, have an agenda. This will help keep you focused on what is important. Next, decide who
needs to be involved. More people means less efficient discussion. Finally, keep the discussion moving.

Thank each speaker as he or she finishes and move on to the next speaker. This encourages people to make
their remarks brief. And don’t forget: What happens after a meeting is more important than what happens
during the meeting. The skills used then are more professional and less procedural. So no matter how well
you run a meeting, it is the work that gets done after the meeting that is important.
- a great deal of: nhiều Q.1B: to minimize: giảm thiểu tối đa

- to run: hoạt động; diễn ra - the number of: số
- smoothly (adv): trôi chảy; không bị vấn đề - participant (n): người tham dự
- rule (n): qui tắc Q.2. purpose (n): mục đích
- agenda (n): lịch họp A: organized (adj): có tổ chức
- to focus on: tập trung vào B: to allow: cho phép
- to be involved: liên quan; tham gia C: in advance: trước
- efficient (adj): có hiệu quả D: item (n): mục; vấn đề
- to encourage: khích lệ; khuyến khích; động viên Q.3D: to respond: trả lời
- remark (n): nhận xét - in detail: chi tiết
- brief (adj): ngắn gọn Q.4D: schedule (n): lịch trình
- professional (adj): tính chuyên nghiệp Q.5A: to hold - held – held: tổ chức
- procedural (adj): (thuộc về) thủ tục - frequently (adv): thường xuyên
- no matter how (conj): cho dù D: to accomplish = to finish: hoàn thành
1. What is one way to run a meeting well?

A: Watch how your manager runs meetings. C: Let the group make decisions.
B: Minimize the number of participants. D: Let everyone speak.
2. What is the purpose of a meeting agenda?
A: To keep the speakers organized C: To send to others in advance
B: To allow free discussion D: To keep focused on important items
3. How should you receive other people’s comments at a meeting?
A: Try to keep others from talking. C: Give them as much time as they want.
B: Thank them and move on. D: Respond in detail to all comments.
4. The word “remarks” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
A: Meetings B: Questions C: Comments D: Schedules
5. The author states that
A: meetings should be held more frequently.
B: all meetings should be in the morning.
C: no one should receive credit for their work.
D: the real work is accomplished after the meetings.
PRACTICE TEST 3
Dear Mrs. Sophia Lauren,
Hi, I received your email of today March 7, requesting a change in reservation plans.
Because your flight was overbooked, you want to change your current reservation from Wednesday, March
20 – Friday, March 22 to Friday, March 22 – Sunday, March 24.
Although I definitely changed your reservation as you wished, your confirmation number has not changed.
If you need to make any further changes, you don’t need to send me email any more. You can just visit our
website at www.hotelshell.com and change whatever you want by clicking the “Reservation” link.
You can access reservation information by entering your confirmation number. No additional fees will be
added if your changes are made 36 hours before the check in date.
It will be very easy to check if your changes are correct, because confirmation will be emailed automatically
to you immediately.
Thanks for choosing Hotel Shell. We are looking forward to serving you soon.
Jim Morris, Receptionist

- to request: yêu cầu Q.6. A: due to = because of
- reservation (n) = booking: việc đăng ký D: financial problem (n): vấn đề về tài chính
- to be overbooked: quá đông Q.7. B: to refund: hoàn tiền
- current (adj): hiện tại Q.8. A: date of arrival (n): ngày đến (bao gồm
- definitely = surely ngày tháng)
- further = more: thêm nữa B: day of arrival (n): ngày đến (bao gồm thứ)
- to access: truy cập Q.9. C: contract (n): hợp đồng
- additional fee (n): phụ phí D: to keep in touch with: giữ liên lạc
- to add: thêm vào Q.10. according to: theo
1. Why does Sophia need to change her reservation?
A: due to bad weather C: due to her flight schedule
B: due to her health problem D: due to financial problem
2. What is the purpose of the email?
A: to confirm Sophia’s reservation
B: to refund Sophia’s money
C: to reply to Sophia’s request of a reservation change
D: to cancel Sophia’s reservation
3. What is necessary when confirming reservation changes online?
A: entering the date of arrival C: entering a confirmation number
B: entering the day of arrival D: entering the name
4. What should Sophia do if she doesn’t want to pay for extra fees?
A: She has to call Hotel Shell.
B: She has to make changes 36 hours before the check-in date.
C: She has to sign a special contract.
D: She has to keep in touch with the manager.
5. According to the revised reservation, when will Sophia leave Hotel Shell?
A: March 7 B: March 20 C: March 22 D: March 24
PRACTICE TEST 4
The Hesseltine Corporation is moving 60 technical and management-level employees to their new
manufacturing plant in the western United States. Before the move, the company will prepare employees for
the cultural changes they will encounter when moving from urban Europe to a small town in the American
West. The employees and their families will attend special seminars on the habits of Americans. They will
learn about the regional vocabulary and the daily life. Without this training, even small cultural differences
could cause big misunderstandings.
- management-level (n): cấp độ quản lý - to encounter = to meet: gặp phải

- manufacturing plant (n): nhà máy sản xuất - urban (adj): thành thị
- western (adj): phía tây - to attend: tham dự
- cultural (adj): (thuộc về) văn hóa - regional vocabulary: ngôn ngữ địa phương
1. Where is the new manufacturing plant?
A: In an urban area C: In the western United States
B: In Western Europe D: In a large town
2. What important part of the moving process is discussed?
A: Completing the plant C: Arranging airline tickets
B: Getting the office furnishings D: Teaching cultural differences
3. Who will attend the seminars in addition to the employees?
A: Their secretaries C: Their supervisors
B: Their families D: Their staffs
4. What do they learn in the seminars?
A: How to make travel plans C: Characteristics of American culture
B: Methods of business management D: Manufacturing techniques
5. The word “encounter” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
A: meet B: see C: notice D: look

Noi Dung On Tap LTDV 2021 Revised 1 Goi Lop

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NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP LTDV

A. PHẦN NGỮ PHÁP

B. PHẦN SỬA LỖI ……………………………………………………………………..….….. trang 27-28

C. PHẦN CHUYỂN CÂU

D. PHẦN ĐỌC HIỂU ……………………………………………………………………….….. trang 40-42

E. 03 PRACTICE TESTS (3 file riêng)

Nội dung ôn tập LTĐV Page 1

2. diễn tả sự việc lặp đi lặp lại hoặc 1 thói quen

Các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN:

1.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN

3. diễn tả hành động mang tính tạm thời

Các trạng từ dùng trong thì HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN

Nội dung ôn tập LTĐV Page 2

2. Động từ chỉ hoạt động nhận thức:

4. Động từ chỉ sở hữu:

5. Động từ chỉ trạng thái

1.3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH

3. dùng chia sẻ kinh nghiệm hoặc trải nghiệm

Nội dung ôn tập LTĐV Page 3

Fill in the blanks with “since” or “for”

1.4. SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

Các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN:

Động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn được chia làm 2 loại:

1.5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

1.6. PAST PERFECT TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH

1.7. FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN

5. Thường dùng để hứa hẹn

ADVERBS OF TIME FOR THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 5

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 6

* SO SÁNH KHÔNG BẰNG:

2.2. SO SÁNH HƠN

A. So sánh hơn của tính từ ngắn vần

B. So sánh hơn của tính từ dài vần

* SO SÁNH KÉM HƠN

* TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ MỨC ĐỘ

2.3. SO SÁNH NHẤT

B. So sánh nhất của tính từ dài vần

* SO SÁNH KÉM NHẤT:

TÍNH TỪ / TRẠNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 8

2. Dùng trước danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp

3. Dùng trong cách diển đạt về số lượng

3.2 MẠO TỪ XÁC ĐỊNH: THE

2. Dùng trước danh từ được nhắc đến lần thứ hai

3. Dùng trước so sánh nhất

4. Dùng trong cách nói

5. Dùng trước tên nước như:

6. Dùng trước số thứ tự (first, second, third, fourth …)

7. Dùng trước nhạc cụ

3.3 Zero/ No Article: không dùng mạo từ

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 9

6. Không dùng trước môn thể thao

7. Không dùng trước tên môn học

8. Không dùng trước ngày lễ

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 10

4.2. OBJECT PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ LÀM TÚC TỪ/ TÂN NGỮ

4.3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU

4.4. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU

4.5. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: ĐẠI TỪ PHẢN THÂN

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 11

Nội dung ôn tập LTDV Page 12

NOT ONLY + adj BUT ALSO + adj không những …. mà còn