Lillian Waddick

Bio 103- Human Anatomy

31 March 2021

1A Notes Media

Course Success

● Course topics include:

○ Anatomy- structure

○ Physiology- function

○ Health- focus on humans, how they deal with conflict, etc.

○ Disease- impact on culture, global community, and interactions

● Need to understand consumer, culture, and citizen

● Constantly learning new things

● Learning is making memories, which are physical connections between neurons

● Need goal insight, trial and error, repetition, and reducing interferences to learn

Science Discovery

● Uses exploration, description, and explanation to discover things

● Visual clues can help people remember knowledge

● Earliest light microscopes date back to the seventeenth century

● Microscopes are much more strong now (magnifying things up to 200,000x)

●
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● Total magnification is the eyepiece times the magnification of the object

● Antique microscope slides used to be prepared with carcinogens, which are not used

anymore

● Stains turn clear cells another color so it is easier to see the information

● Science matters: different fields acquire knowledge in different ways

● Research is important and is something that can be observed by the senses

● There are organelles and plasma membranes in cells

● Tissue= group of cells

● There are epithelial tissues and connective tissues

● There are muscle tissues and nervous tissue too

Cell Structures
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● A misconception is something that is believed to be true that really is not

● All organisms are made of cells

● Six organelles:

○ Nucleus

○ Endoplasmic reticulum

○ Lysosome

○ Mitochondrion

○ Golgi complex

○ Vesicle

● Animal cells

○ Build animals

○ Similar organelles to plant cells

○ Cytoplasm wall

○ Small structures to hold wall together

○ Permeable membrane

● Plant cells
 ○ Cell wall

○ A- nucleus

○ B- rough endoplasmic reticulum

○ C- smooth endoplasmic reticulum

○ D- golgi complex

○ E- proteins

○ F- mitochondrion

● Diffusion= high to low concentration

● Plasma membrane can diffuse other molecules

● Diffusion and active transport

● Phospholipids have a head and tail

○ Heads are water soluble

○ Tails are not water soluble

○ Molecules can be transported in and out of the cell

● Protein assistance is where proteins assist substances through facilitated diffusion

Cell Lives

● Cheek cells are flattened epithelial cells

● Most cells in the human body have different functions

● There are egg cells, sperm cells, fat cells, neuron cells, skeletal cells, intestinal wall cells,

and more

● Four cell life stages:

○ Mitosis, hypertrophy, differentiation, and apoptosis

● Mitosis stages:
○ Chromatin is duplicated

○ Two sets of chromosomes

○ Chromosomes line up

○ Chromosomes get pulled to different sides of the cell

○ Cell starters to stretch with chromosomes on both sides

○ Cell splits into two