REINFORCED CONCRETE

DESIGN
Shear and Diagonal Tension
Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams

Mc
f 
I
VQ
v
Ib
Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams
P
N.A

Vud Simply supported beam

Vumax

0
d

Shear Diagram
M Vumax
N.A

V
R FBD
Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams
d P
N.A d
͌
45⁰

d
͌
Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams
An element of a beam not located at an extreme fiber or at the neutral axis is subject
to both bending and shear stresses. These stresses combine into inclined
compressive and tensile stresses, called principal stresses, which can be
determined from the following expression:

The direction of the principal stresses can be determined with the formula to follow, in
which α is the inclination of the stress to the beam’s axis:
Shear Stresses in Concrete Beams (near support)

Diagonal principal tensile stresses, called diagonal tension occur at different

places and angles in concrete beams
x
Near Top
y Max. tensile stresses
a few degrees clockwise
x

Mid-height Max tensile

stress 45°
y

Max. tensile stresses

a few degrees ccw
Near bottom x

Diagonal tension must be carefully considered. If they reach certain values,

additional reinforcing, called web reinforcing, must be supplied.
Shear Strength of Concrete (plain)
Vc - The shear strength provided by the concrete;
Forces at a diagonal crack in a beam without web reinforcement

Vcz
Viy
Vix

Vd

Vcz = internal vertical forces in the uncracked portion of the

concrete
Vd = internal vertical forces across the longitudinal steel
Vix, Viy = components of sizable interlock forces Vi
Shear Strength of Concrete (plain)
Vc - The shear strength provided by the concrete;
From NSCP 2015:

Forces at a diagonal crack in a beam

without web reinforcement

NOTE:
λ - This term was added to most
equations containing f’c .
If normalweight concrete is used, then
λ is simply taken as 1.
Shear Strength of Concrete
Web Reinforcement
- Vertical reinforcing steel, shear stirrups, added to resist the portion of the shear force
not resisted by the concrete.
Forces at a diagonal crack in a beam with Redistribution of internal shear forces in
vertical stirrups: beam with stirrups:

Vs

Vs = vertical force in the vertical web

reinforcement (stirrups)
Shear Strength of Concrete
Web Reinforcement
From NSCP 2015:

Forces at a diagonal crack in a beam

with vertical stirrups
Types of Stirrups
Types of Stirrups
Shear in Reinforced Concrete Beam
ACI/NSCP requirement:
= reduction factor for shear = 0.75
= nominal shear strength capacity

For design:
Vu
Vs   Vc

Av f y d
s
Vs
Shear in Reinforced Concrete Beam
From NSCP 2015:
Shear in Reinforced Concrete Beam
Maximum Spacing of stirrups

From NSCP 2015:

409.7.6.0 Shear
409.7.6.2.1 If required, shear
reinforcement shall be
provided using stirrups, hoops,
or longitudinal bent bars.

409.7.6.2.2 Maximum spacing

of shear reinforcement shall be
in accordance with Table
409.7.6.2.2.
u

u c

max 409.7.6.0
v y s

409.7.6.0
409.7.6.0
Example:
w

d
250kN
0
L = 10000mm
250kN

250 𝑉
=
5 (5 − 0.52)

(520)/1000

u c

0.5 52.62 < u

 (520)/1000 = 544.81

= 544.81, therefore section is adequate for shear

max

(520)/1000 d
250kN
kN
0
272.41 is beyond the diagram therefore we will use the
250kN
stirrups required considering Vud all throughout the span
 v y s

𝑣 156 mm2

max vmin