Increasing Genetic Diversity

Intro
Gene HOW
:

Genetic Diversity ? Genetic diversity can be increased by :

•
No of different alleles in a species or population a
↳ alternative version of a
gene
① Mutations : new alleles are created
•
T different alleles = In genetic diversity
-
-

different phenotypes some advantageous ,

some deleterious
•
Maintains ecological fitness of a population
•
t genetic diversity x able to adapt to
= a change in the ② Migration : new alleles may be brought into a population
environment a new population of the same species may migrate I interbreed w/
original population
Genetic Bottleneck leg European
.
Bison ) bring new & different alleles

Types of
Genetic Diversity
Occurs when size of population is ① Natural
dramatically
•

reduced disease or predator

.
"
② Directional
•
size of pop t -
-

gene pool small selection ③ stabilising

↳ no of diff alleles 11 Natural selection s ① Anatomical -

shorter I thicker ears

Surviving reproduce
members & new pop is based Random mutation ② Physiological oxidising fat
•
.

causes new alleles -

genetic diversity of a few individuals

-

on →
low genetic diversity -

Advantageous alleles causes posses or ③ Behavioural -

migration
to have an 9 reproductive success
The Founder Effect III. g Amish pop ) . -

Allele passed on
-

over many generations ,

new allele 4
Few members of a pop will leave habitat I start
frequency
•
.
in
a new
colony
•
Keg of alleles different to original pop .
'
In bacteria :
3) Stabilising selection
↳ rare alleles
may be common
°

Spontaneous mutation occurs •

Pop of this rat eapenie of -
If environmental conditions remain stable then individuals
t genetic diversity .
when penicillin used bacteria
,
nonresistant pop so freq of
. w/ phenotypes closest to mean are favoured
•
Occur due to :
① Migration would have advantage favourable allele is increased -

Eliminate phenotypes at the extremes

② New pop . becomes o
survive whilst the rest is killed
isolated a
survivor will multiply to build
Eg . Human Birth Weight
small pop of penicillin resistant bacteria
.
selected her

2) Directional Selection
M
this pop are able to survive in penicillin
peak T
"
:
.
-
mean

shifted in
-

narrower spread
Phenotypes at one extreme are selected for & those at the other extreme , direction or pop
having A resistance
are selected against
selected against