UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (COET).

DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND RESOURCES ENGINEERING

SC211: CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS II

MINI PROJECT

NAME: MRISHO, ADAM H

REG NO:2019-04-08063

COURSE: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: ENG.LWITIKO HUMPHREY KALENGA

DATA GIVEN:
- Diameter of the pile – 1200 mm
- Depth of the pile – 50 m
- Standard deviation – 4 MPa
- Specific gravity of FA – 2.65
- Specific gravity of CA – 2.70
- Bulk density of CA – 1600 Kg/m3
- Fineness Modulus of FA – 2.80
- Characteristic strength – 30 MPa (measured on standard cylinder)
- Necessary slump – 50 mm
- Type of cement – Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Method that will be used is the DOE METHOD (Department of Environment’s Design
Method). This is the standard British method of concrete mix design.
Assume that the maximum size of the aggregate is 20 mm.
Aggregate types are: Coarse aggregates (Crushed) and Fine aggregates (Uncrushed)
In accordance to BS 812, the chloride should not exceed 0.03% in the water while Sulphur
should not exceed 0.3% in the water. Increase in the amount of chlorides affects the strength
of concrete as it decreases.
TARGET MEAN STRENGTH
Target mean strength = characteristic strength + (risk factor x Standard deviation)
= 30 + (1.64 x 4)

fm = 36.56 MPa
WATER CEMENT RATIO
When the compressive strength is 36.56 MPa, the water-cement ratio will be 0.56. But the
maximum water-cementitious ratio allowed in severe conditions is 0.50 hence this value of
0.50 will be used.
CALCULATION OF WATER CONTENT

Given that the slump is 50 mm, the water content will range from 180 to 200 mm
Water content = 2/3 (Wf) + 1/3 (Wca) = 2/3 (180) + 1/3 (210)
=190 Kg/m3
The allowable range for the Water content is from 180 to 200 Kg/m3 , hence the obtained
result is ok
CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT
Water content
From; W/C Ratio =
Cement content
Water content 190
Cement content = Water cement ratio = 0.50 = 380 Kg/m3

The minimum cement content for a maximum aggregate of size 20 mm under severe
conditions is 360 Kg/m3, hence the obtained answer is ok.
WEIGHT OF TOTAL AGGREGATE

Considering that the specific gravity of Fine Aggregates is 2.65, it follows that;
From the above graph, the wet density is 2430 Kg/m3
Weight of total aggregate = wet density – (Water content + Cement content)
= 2430 – ( 190 + 380 ) = 1860 Kg/m3
 ⸫ Weight of total aggregate = 1860 Kg/m3
Weight of fine aggregate

Assuming that a 20 mm aggregate size of W/C Ratio of 0.50, slump of 50 mm, for 50% fines
passing through 600 ℳm sieve;
The percentage of fine aggregates will be 34%

The percentage of coarse aggregates will be = 100% - 34% = 66%

1860 x 34
⸫ Weight of fine aggregates = 100
= 632 Kg/m3
1860 x 66
Weight of Coarse aggregates =
100
= 1227.6 Kg/m3
Ratio-wise for cement:FA:CA, It will be;
Material Cement Fine Aggregates Coarse Aggregates
Ratio 1 1.66 3.23

632 Kg/m 3
For FA = 380 Kg /m 3 = 1.66
1227.6 Kg /m 3
For CA =
380 Kg /m 3
= 3.23
ADJUSTMENT FOR FIELD CONDITION
For Coarse Aggregates;
Weight = 1227.6 – 0.01 (1227.6) = 1215.324 Kg/m3

For Fine Aggregates;

Weight = 632 + 0.02 (632) = 644.64 Kg/m3
As for the Pile;

π d2 π (12)2 x 50
Volume = xl = = 56.5 m3
4 4
10% of total volume will have to be added for the volume of waste concrete
⸫ Volume of the pile will be = 56.5 + 0.1(56.5) = 62.15 m3
FINAL DESIGN PROPORTIONS
Ingredients Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Water
Aggregate
Quantity(Kg/m3) 380 632 1227.6 190
Ratio 1.00 1.66 3.23 0.50

The addition of admixtures to the mix design will help combat the effects of the high
presence of chlorides and sulphates. Such admixtures that could be used include the
following;
a) Air-entraining admixtures – Improves the workability but also improves durability
in freeze thaw, deicer, sulphate and alkali-reactive environments.
b) Corrosion inhibitors – Reduces steel corrosion activity in a chloride-laden
environment
REFERENCES:
Teychenné, D. C., Franklin, R. E., & Erntroy, H. C. (1988). Design of Normal Concrete
Mixes. Building Research Establishment (2nd ed.) Transport Research Laboratory and Britain
Association: Britain, London.
TZS 62 (Part 2), 1980 Methods of testing fresh concrete
TZS 62 (Part 3), 1980 Methods of making and curing test specimens