General Chemistry

Chemistry - study of matter and its The Atom

Composition properties and transformations - Composed of nucleons (protons & neutrons)
Including the energy changes accompanying it.
Nucleus
Properties of matter: - Made up of nucleons, held by strong force
1. Intensive Properties Neutrons acts as glue to lump protons together
○ Independent on the amt. of material
Ex. Temp, Freezing pt., conductivity Nuclide Notation
2. Extensive Properties
○ Dependent on the amt. of material
Ex. Mass, length, volume

Classification of Matter: X-A Example: C-12

Based on Physical states:

1. Solid
2. Liquid
Isotopes Same Atomic number (protons)
3. Gas
4. Plasma Diff. # of neutrons
- result of gas going thru ionization Isobars Same mass number
5. Bose-Einstein Condensate
- made under rare circumstances Diff. Atomic number
6. Fermionic Condensate Isotones Same Atomic number (neutrons)
- super-fluid phases formed @ low Temp
Diff. Atomic mass
7. Quark-Gluon Plasma
-Protons/neutrons formed of three quarks Isoelectronic Same # of electrons

Based on Composition:
Binding Energy
-energy required to separate an atom (p, n, e)
-quantified using Einstein's Equation

c - speed of light (3x108)

- mass defect
Mass of individual > Mass of an atom
(p, n, e) (binded)
Colloids - larger than solutes but smaller for
mixture to become heterogeneous.
- can be distinguished using Tyndall Effect. Constants kg
Mp #1
Mn #2
mc #3
NA #24
Ev -> J #23
c #28

General Chemistry Page 1