CPAR FINALS REVIEWER

+ Musical Arts
Medium - creative works that has sound
- material which the work is constructed + Pictorial Art
- defines the nature of the art form - a classification of artwork that is predominantly visual and
Technique personal
- the method by which the medium is manipulated + Narrative
- defined by the nature of the medium = story
+ Dramatic
+ Sculptor - a term tied up with theater, and is used to describe works
- uses metal, wood, stone, clay and glass done by or for a performance-based representation
4 Techniques
Subtraction = removing pieces or parts of the material Cinematography
Addition (1) construction = pieces made by the artist, -
combined to make a bigger piece (2) assemblage = found objects Factors
combined to make a bigger piece; junk art 1. Distance
Manipulation = modelling; manipulating the shape a. Establishing = from outside going inside; to know the place
Substitution = casting b. Aerial = extreme long shot
+ Architecture c. Eye level =
- uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete and building d. Close-up = mostly the face
materials e. Extreme close-up = mostly the eyes
+ Painter f. Long shot = includes the subject and the background
- uses pigments on a usually flat ground g. Over the shoulder/side shot = to show interaction
Paint Components 2. Angles
Pigment = color from mineral a. Low angle = show power
Binder = glue can change the b. High angle = inferior; to make the subject feel small
Thinner or Solvent – water medium c. Dutch angle = tilting; shows disorientation; dramatic
Additive = preservative d. POV shot
Dye = natural color (usually from fruits) 3. Composition
Painting Medium a. Head room = head should not be cut
Oil based = slow to dry b. Lead room = space between subject and background;
Water based (1) watercolor = thinnest (2) gouache = opaque subject’s eyes are the focal point; background is not distracting
(3) acrylic = thickest 4. Camera Movements
Pastel = no solvent a. Zoom in/out
Tempera = oldest form; binder is egg b. Tilting and Panning = up and down
Support = where you put the painting c. Dolly/Tracking shot = camera follows the subject
+ Printmaking
- uses ink/paint to transfer an image How art is consumed
Manuel Rodriquez = Father of the Contemporary Philippine 1. Artifact
Printmaking - directly experienced and perceived
Lithography = stone Silk Screen = stencil 2. Spatial and Static
Etching = metal Woodcraft - covers a space and it can’t be moved
+ Photographer 3. Time-based and moving
- uses camera to record the outside world - you have to watch it to finish the artwork
Aperture = opening/closing of the lens (1) big aperture = 4. Recorded or Documented
background is blurred (2) small aperture = everything is clear - experienced indirectly
International Organization of Standardization (ISO) = light - film or photography
sensitivity (1) high iso = for outside (2) low iso = for inside 5. Virtual
Shutter Speed = how fast/slow you want to capture - artificial space
+ Musician
- uses musical instruments or the human voice Perceiving Shapes (Perspective)
+ Dancer - the farther away an object is from the human eye, the smaller
- uses the body/choreography it becomes
+ Filmmaker + Components
- uses the cinematographic camera to record and put together 1. Horizon Line
+ Theater Artist - the line where the land or sea meets the sky in the distance
- integrates all the arts - eye level line
+ Writer 2. Vanishing Point
- uses words; literature - the spot on the horizon line to which the recording parallel
lines diminish
Classification of Art + Types
+ Practical Art 1. One-point perspective
- have immediate use for everyday - one vanishing point
= architecture = fashion - parallel perspective
= weaving = furniture - all parallel lines running from you meet at one vanishing point
+ Environmental Art 2. Two-point perspective
= site-specific art forms = installation art - you are at the center so there are two vanishing points
= monuments
3. Three-point perspective - style, medium and technique
- looking up - elements and principles
- three vanishing points + Subject
- worm’s eye/bird’s eye view - depicted object(s)
4. Forced Perspective - what you see specifically
- technique which employs optical illusion to make an object 2 Kinds
appear farther away, closer, larger, or smaller than it actually is Representational/Figurative = representing actual object from
- manipulates human visual perception through the use of reality
scaled objects and the correlation between them and the vantage Non-representational = abstract; architecture
point of the spectator or camera + Theme
- Felice Varni - impact or the meaning of the work
5. Ponzo Illusion - broader topic
- human mind judges an object’s size based on its background - sometimes, meaning depends on the experience
- Italian psychologist, Mario Ponzo, in 1913
Subject Matter
Elements of Art - literal topic depicted in the work
I. Point - what the artwork is all about
- the building blocks of artwork Ways of Presenting the subject matter
- you can’t start without a point a. History = part of an event/history/significant event
II. Line b. Religion = illustrates any worship of any God
- a point in moving space c. Mythological = characters of supernatural/God
- no dimension d. Nature = landscape, cityscape, seascape
III. Shape e. Genre = subject from everyday life
- limited to height and width only f. Portrait = portray the likeness of the person being depicted
Geometric = mathematical shapes g. Nude = primary subject is the human form; idealistic
Organic = shapes of nature h. Still life = arrangement of inanimate objects
IV. Form i. Surrealistic = dreamlike painting
- includes height, width and depth j. Abstract Art = simplify or exaggerate what you see
V. Color
- derived from reflected light Composition
- white is not defined as a color because it is the sum of all - the arrangement and structural elements of a work of art
possible colors - the way which these principles are applies affects the
- black is not a color because it is the absence of light and color expressive content, or the message of the artwork
- it suggests emotions - sometimes, creative artists purposely break the rules
Hue = pureness of a color + Principles of Composition
Saturation = intensity of a color 1. Balance
Intensity = brightness or dullness of a color - visual equilibrium, relates to our physical sense of balance
Achromatic = neutral shades - comprise of opposing forces in one composition that results in
Monochromatic = one color but different shades visual stability
Analogous = use 2-3 adjacent colors; 3 colors on the color a. Radial Balance = arrangement of elements surrounding a
wheel that are next to each other central point; spiral
Complementary = two opposite colors; contrast b. Symmetrical = equal weights on both sides
Triadic = 3 evenly spaced colors; primary and secondary only c. Asymmetrical = placement of varying weights
Tetradic = 2 pairs of complementary 2. Emphasis
Split Complementary = use 2 tertiary colors and a - center of interest; focal point
complementary - attracts the eyes
VI. Value - most artists put it a bit off center and balance it with some
- the lightness or darkness of tones or colors minor themes to maintain interest
Tint = add white Tone = add gray - emphasis through color and variety
Shade = add black - emphasis through shape
VII. Space 3. Movement
- the distance or area around or between elements of an - visual sense and flow through the artwork
artwork - the path where the viewer’s eye takes through the art work
Foreground = closest to you 4. Contrast
Middle ground = near horizon line - arrangement of two or more opposite elements
Background = back of horizon line - also called variation
6 ways of illusion of space a. Chiaroscuro = strong contrasting light and shadow from one
a. Overlap d. Size direction in a painting for a drawing; Italian word for light-dark
b. Shading e. Value and Focus b. Tenebrism = predominantly dark tones over light for
c. Shading f. Linear perspective dramatic effect; there is a transition
VIII. Texture 5. Unity
- refers to the way things feel - when all the elements of art synchronized within the
Implied = fake texture composition that gives meanings
Real = using the real object - also the attractive whole
- different elements synched with one another
Components of Art - visual orderliness
+ Forms - the thing that joins the parts together
- visual organization of the elements
6. Harmony
- visually satisfying effect of combing similar related elements
- the attractive whole (?)
- same elements (usually on repeat) synched with one another