PRINCIPLE

OF
SUPERPOSITION
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
❖ When there are numbers of loads are acting together on an elastic material, the
resultant strain will be the sum of individual strains caused by each load acting
separately.

A B
C D

𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑷𝟒

𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 A B
C D

𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑷𝟒

𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑

A B
𝑃𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵
𝑷𝟒 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝐵 𝛿𝑙𝐴𝐵 =
𝐴𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐴𝐵
𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐

𝑷𝟑

𝑳𝟏

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 A B
C D

𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑷𝟒

𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑

B C
𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟒
𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑃𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐵𝐶
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵𝐶 𝛿𝑙𝐵𝐶 =
𝐴𝐵𝐶

𝑳𝟐

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 A B
C D

𝑷𝟏 𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑷𝟒

𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐 𝑳𝟑

C D 𝑃𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐶𝐷
𝑷𝟏 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝐷 𝛿𝑙𝐶𝐷 =
𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝑷𝟑 𝑷𝟒
𝑷𝟐

𝑳𝟑

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝑃𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 deformation 𝛿𝑙 = 𝛿𝑙𝐴𝐵 + 𝛿𝑙BC + 𝛿𝑙𝐶𝐷 𝛿𝑙𝐴𝐵 =
𝐴𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐴𝐵
𝑃𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐵𝐶
𝛿𝑙𝐵𝐶 =
𝐴𝐵𝐶

𝑃𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐶𝐷
𝛿𝑙𝐶𝐷 =
𝑷𝑨𝑩 𝑳𝑨𝑩 𝑷𝑩𝑪 𝑳𝑩𝑪 𝑷𝑪𝑫 𝑳𝑪𝑫 𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝜹𝒍 = + +
𝑨𝑨𝑩 𝑬𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑬𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪𝑫 𝑬𝑪𝑫

𝟏 𝑷𝑨𝑩 𝑳𝑨𝑩 𝑷𝑩𝑪 𝑳𝑩𝑪 𝑷𝑪𝑫 𝑳𝑪𝑫

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝜹𝒍 = + +
𝑬 𝑨𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑨𝑪𝑫

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 01
A brass bar having cross sectional area of 1000 𝑚𝑚2 is subjected to axial forces as shown
below. Find the total elongation of the bar. Take 𝐸 = 1.05 × 105 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 .
A B C D
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂:
𝐴 = 1000 𝑚𝑚2 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝐿1 = 600 𝑚𝑚 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟏𝒎 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎
𝐿2 = 1𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝐿3 = 1.2 𝑚 = 1200 𝑚𝑚
𝐸 = 1.05 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2

𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟 (𝛿𝑙) =?

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:

𝑃1 𝐿1 𝑃2 𝐿2 𝑃3 𝐿3
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 = + +
𝐴1 𝐸1 𝐴2 𝐸2 𝐴3 𝐸3

𝑃1 𝐿1 + 𝑃2 𝐿2 + 𝑃3 𝐿3
𝛿𝑙 =
𝐴𝐸

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
A B C D

𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 1 2 3 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟏𝒎 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴 = 50 𝑘𝑁 𝑇

A B
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵 = 80 − 20 − 10 = 50 𝑘𝑁 𝑇
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 1 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵
∴ 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟏, 𝑷𝟏 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝑻
𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
A B C D

𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 1 2 3 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟏𝒎 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎

B C
𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 2 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵 = 50 − 80 = −30 𝑘𝑁 = 30 𝑘𝑁 𝐶 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐶 = −20 − 10 = −30 𝑘𝑁 = −30 𝑘𝑁 𝐶

∴ 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐, 𝑷𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝑪

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 3
A B C D

𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 1 2 3 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟏𝒎 𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎

C D
𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵 3 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐 = 50 + 20 − 80 = −10 𝑘𝑁 = 10 𝑘𝑁 𝐶

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐷 = −10 = −10 𝑘𝑁 = −10 𝑘𝑁 𝐶

∴ 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈
BIBIN.C𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
/ ASSOCIATE 𝟑,/ MECHANICAL
PROFESSOR 𝑷𝟑 = ENGINEERING
𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵 / 𝑪
RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝐴 = 1000 𝑚𝑚2 𝑃1 = 50 𝑘𝑁 𝑇
𝐿1 = 600 𝑚𝑚 𝑃2 = 30 𝑘𝑁 𝐶
𝐿2 = 1𝑚 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑃1 𝐿1 + 𝑃2 𝐿2 + 𝑃3 𝐿3 𝑃3 = 10 𝑘𝑁 𝐶
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 = 𝐿3 = 1.2 𝑚 = 1200 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐸
𝐸 = 1.05 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2

50 × 103 × 600 + −30 × 103 × 1000 + −10 × 103 × 1200

𝛿𝑙 =
1000 × 1.05 × 105

𝛿𝑙 = −0.114 𝑚𝑚

𝑫𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝜹𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒎

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 01
A member ABCD is subjected to point loads 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , 𝑃3 and 𝑃4 as shown in the figure.
Calculate the force 𝑃2 necessary for equilibrium, if 𝑃1 = 45 𝑘𝑁, 𝑃3 = 450 𝑘𝑁 and 𝑃4 =
130 𝑘𝑁. Determine the total elongation of the member assuming 𝐸 = 2.1 × 105 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 .
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂: B C D
𝟐
A 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝐴𝐴𝐵 = 625 𝑚𝑚2 1250 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑷𝟏 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝑷𝟒
𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 2500 𝑚𝑚2 𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑
𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 1250 𝑚𝑚2
𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 1200 𝑚𝑚 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝐿𝐵𝐶 = 600 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝐶𝐷 = 900 𝑚𝑚 𝑃1 = 45 𝑘𝑁 𝑃3 = 450 𝑘𝑁 𝑃4 = 130 𝑘𝑁
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:
𝐸 = 2.1 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑃2 ) =?
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟(𝛿𝑙) =?
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:

𝑃𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐵𝐶 𝑃𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐶𝐷

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 = + +
𝐴𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶𝐷 𝐸𝐶𝐷

1 𝑃𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐵𝐶 𝑃𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐶𝐷

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 = + +
𝐸 𝐴𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶𝐷

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 B C D
𝟐
A 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑃1 = 45 𝑘𝑁
𝑷𝟏 𝟐 1250 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑷𝟒
𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑃3 = 450 𝑘𝑁

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑃4 = 130 𝑘𝑁
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝑃1 + 𝑃3 = 𝑃2 + 𝑃4

45 + 450 = 𝑃2 + 130

𝑷𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
B C D 𝑃1 = 45 𝑘𝑁
𝟐
A 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑷𝟏 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝟐 1250 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝑃3 = 450 𝑘𝑁

𝑷𝟒
𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑
𝑃4 = 130 𝑘𝑁
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑃2 = 365 𝑘𝑁
A B
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴 = 45 𝑘𝑁 𝑇 𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵 = 365 − 450 + 130 = 45 𝑘𝑁 𝑇 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

∴ 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟏, 𝑷𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝑻

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
𝑃1 = 45 𝑘𝑁
B C D
𝟐
A 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑃3 = 450 𝑘𝑁
𝑷𝟏 𝟐 1250 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑷𝟒
𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑃4 = 130 𝑘𝑁

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑃2 = 365 𝑘𝑁
𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
B C
𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟐
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵 = 45 − 365 = −320 𝑘𝑁 = −320 𝑘𝑁 𝐶

𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐶 = −450 + 130 = −320 𝑘𝑁 = −320 𝑘𝑁 𝐶

∴ 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐, 𝑷𝑩𝑪 =ENGINEERING

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL
𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵/ RMK𝑪COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 3
𝑃1 = 45 𝑘𝑁
B C D
𝟐
A 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑃3 = 450 𝑘𝑁
𝟐
1250 𝒎𝒎
𝑷𝟏 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝑷𝟒
𝑷𝟐 𝑷𝟑 𝑃4 = 130 𝑘𝑁

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑃2 = 365 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐 = 45 − 365 + 450 = 130 𝑘𝑁 = 130 𝑘𝑁 𝑇

C D
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐷 = 130 𝑘𝑁 = 130 𝑘𝑁 𝑇 𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵
𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵 1250 𝒎𝒎𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵

∴ 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟑, 𝑷𝑪𝑫 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻) 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝐴𝐴𝐵 = 625 𝑚𝑚2
1 𝑃𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐵𝐶 𝑃𝐶𝐷 𝐿𝐶𝐷
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 = + + 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 2500 𝑚𝑚2
𝐸 𝐴𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 1250 𝑚𝑚2

𝐿𝐴𝐵 = 1200 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 45 𝑘𝑁 𝑇

𝐿𝐵𝐶 = 600 𝑚𝑚 𝑃𝐵𝐶 = 320 𝑘𝑁 𝐶

𝐿𝐶𝐷 = 900 𝑚𝑚 𝑃CD = 130 𝑘𝑁 𝑇

1 45 × 103 × 1200 −320 × 103 × 600 130 × 103 × 1200

𝛿𝑙 = 5
+ +
2.1 × 10 625 2500 1250

𝛿𝑙 = 0.4914 𝑚𝑚
𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏 BIBIN.C
𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝜹𝒍PROFESSOR
/ ASSOCIATE = 𝟎./𝟒𝟗𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒎
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Problem 01
A tensile load of 40 kN is acting on a rod of diameter 40 mm and of length 4 m. A bore of
diameter 20 mm is made centrally on the rod. To what length the rod should be bored so
that the total extension will increase 30% under the same tensile load. Take 𝐸 = 2.1 ×
105 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 . 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒂: 𝟒𝒎

𝑃 = 40 𝑘𝑁 = 40 × 103 𝑁 𝐷 = 40 𝑚𝑚 𝐿 = 4 𝑚 = 4000 𝑚𝑚 𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2

𝑑𝐵 = 20 𝑚𝑚 𝛿𝑙𝑆𝐵 = 1.3 𝛿𝑙 𝐷S = 40 𝑚𝑚

𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵
𝑻𝒐 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅:
𝒙𝒎
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝑥) =?
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂:

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝛿𝑙𝑆𝐵 = 𝛿𝑙𝑆 + 𝛿𝑙𝐵

𝑃𝐿𝑠
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙𝑆 =
𝐴𝑆 𝐸
𝑃𝐿𝐵
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙𝐵 =
𝐴𝐵 𝐸
𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑠 = × 𝐷𝑆2
4
𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝐵 = × (𝐷𝑆2 −𝑑𝐵2 )
4
𝑃𝐿
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 =
𝐴𝐸
𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 PROFESSOR
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE × 𝐷2 ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝐴 = / MECHANICAL
4
 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = × 𝐷 2
4 𝟒𝒎
𝜋
𝐴 = × 402
4 𝐷 = 40 𝑚𝑚

𝑪𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟔𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝑃𝐿 𝑃 = 40 𝑘𝑁 = 40 × 103 𝑁
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙 =
𝐴𝐸
3
𝐿 = 4 𝑚 = 4000 𝑚𝑚
40 × 10 × 4000
𝛿𝑙 = 𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
1256.64 × 2 × 105

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏
BIBIN.C (𝜹𝒍) = PROFESSOR
/ ASSOCIATE 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟔 𝒎𝒎 ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
/ MECHANICAL
 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝒙𝒎
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝛿𝑙𝑆𝐵 = 1.3 𝛿𝑙 𝟒𝒎

𝛿𝑙𝑆𝐵 = 1.3 × 0.6366 𝛿𝑙 = 0.6366 𝑚𝑚

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝜹𝒍𝑺𝑩 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝐵 = 𝑥 𝑚 𝐿 = 4 𝑚 = 4000 𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝐵 = 1000𝑥 𝑚𝑚

𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑳𝑺 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵

𝒙𝒎

𝜋 𝐷𝑆 = 40 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑠 = × 𝐷𝑆2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = × 402
4
𝑨𝑺 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝝅 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝜋
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝐵 = × (𝐷𝑆2 −𝑑𝐵2 ) 𝐷S = 40 𝑚𝑚
4
𝜋 2 𝑑𝐵 = 20 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐵 = × (40 − 202 ቁ
4
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL
𝟐 ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝝅 𝒎𝒎
 𝑃𝐿𝑠
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙𝑆 =
𝐴𝑆 𝐸 𝑃 = 40 𝑘𝑁 = 40 × 103 𝑁
40 × 103 𝐿𝑆 = 4000 − 1000𝑥
𝛿𝑙𝑆 = 5
× 4000 − 1000𝑥
400𝜋 × 2 × 10
𝐴𝑆 = 400𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝟒−𝒙
𝜹𝒍𝑺 = 𝒎𝒎 𝐸 = 2 × 105 𝑁Τ𝑚 𝑚2
𝟐𝝅

𝑃𝐿𝐵
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛿𝑙𝐵 =
𝐴𝐵 𝐸
𝐿𝐵 = 1000𝑥 𝑚𝑚
40 × 103
𝛿𝑙𝐵 = 5
× 1000𝑥 𝐴𝐵 = 300𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
300𝜋 × 2 × 10
𝟒𝒙
𝜹𝒍𝑩 = 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝝅
BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 𝛿𝑙𝑆𝐵 = 0.827 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝛿𝑙𝑆𝐵 = 𝛿𝑙𝑆 + 𝛿𝑙𝐵
4−𝑥
𝛿𝑙𝑆 = 𝑚𝑚
2𝜋
4−𝑥 4𝑥
0.827 = + 4𝑥
2𝜋 6𝜋 𝛿𝑙𝐵 = 𝑚𝑚
6𝜋

𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒅 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒃𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒅 (𝒙) = 𝟑. 𝟔 𝒎

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 Thank You

BIBIN.C / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING / RMK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY