GJF\KXJH9
HL^LFMA
F\^VA
HL^LFMA R^AFLVJK F@W@K @@
HAFLOXL9
EJO\LK AILHJ JFAVXJ
 JK\EOA9
IAMJO LEEJO\LK GJ^GÊO ^AH^ÅD\LY

RL^Ù - >2>2
 

LK R^AFLVA ÙO@FA HL LILF\F@ÖO LO LK FAH@DA R^AFLVJK F@W@K RL^\JOA

@o`f`a fao kj s`du`lotl `otlrradjotl ±Zuà pjsjråj s` uoj plrsaoj qul jfuh`ö j kj tutlkj
 iur`sh`ff`aojk
 iur`sh`ff`aojk pjrj mjflr vêk`hj kj vukolrjf`öo
vukolrjf`öo hl uo hlrlfma djoj lk praflsa y oa
lx`st`lrj lk Rraflsa Ùo`fa hl Lilfuf`öo1 Ruls kj rlspulstj rlfjl lo uoj s`epkl pjkjnrj9
oj
ojhj
hj.. Ls tjtjkk kj `e
`epa
part
rtjo
jof`
f`j
j hl às
àstl
tl pr
praf
afls
lsa,
a, qu
qul
l j h`
h`gl
glrl
rlof
of`j
`j hl
hlkk pr
praf
afls
lsa
a hl
hlkk
faoaf`e`lota, nusfj lk fuepk`e`lota hl uo hlrlfma yj rlfaoaf`ha elh`jotl uo tåtuka
lilfut`va.

Kas tåtukas lilfut`vas, hl jfulrha jk Jrt. 7== hl oulstra Föh`da Rraflsjk F`v`k, sao kas
qul
qul pjs
pjsjrà
jrà nrl
nrlvle
vlelo
lotl
tl j lolouel
uelrjr
rjr99 kjs rlsak
rlsakuf`
uf`aol
aolss iu
iuh`
h`f`j
f`jkls
kls g`rels
g`rels,, ka
kass kj
kjuha
uhass
jrn`trjkls g`rels, kjs jftjs hl faof`k`jf`öo hl jfulrha j kly, kas tåtukas hl vjkarls, kj
faostjof`j hl `osfr`pf`öo y t`tukjr`hjh lxplh`hj par kj @ost`tuf`öo hl Faeplosjf`öo y
K`qu`
K`qu`hjf
hjf`öo
`öo hl Wjkar
Wjkarls,
ls, kj prulnj
prulnj jo
jot`f
t`f`pj
`pjhj
hj qu
qull faot`l
faot`lol
ol uo ha hafue
fuelo
lota
ta pr`vjh
pr`vjha
a
rlfaoaf`ha, kj fap`j flrt`g`fjhj hl kj Rrulnj jot`f`pjhj qul faot`lol uoj jnsakuf`öo hl
pas`f`aols, lxprlsj a g`ftj, lk hafuelota pr`vjha qul faotlodj trjosjff`öo lxtrjiuh`f`jk
a lk hafuelota `epjda hl rlotj par jrrlohje`lota, lk tlst`eao`a hl lsfr`turj pùnk`fj, u
atras tåtukas j kas qul kj kly kls hj eàr`ta lilfut`va.

Vldùo lk Jrt. 7=0 sl hlnl fuepk`r trls rlqu`s`tas pjrj qul praflhj kj lilfuf`öo, lstas
sao9

- Hlnl
Hlnl slr ff`lrtj
`lrtj,, pjrj lsta h
hlnl
lnl `oh`
`oh`fjrsl
fjrsl l
lo
o lk tå
tåtuka
tuka q
qu`lo
u`lo ls lk jfrll
jfrllhar
har y qu`lo
qu`lo
lk hluhar.
- Hlnl
Hlnl slr lxprl
lxprlsj
sj,, ls hlf`r
hlf`r hlnl `oh`
`oh`fjr
fjrsl
sl fao fkjr`
fkjr`hjh
hjh kj jf
jff`ö
f`öo
o qul hlnlr
hlnlrê
ê lk
hluhar rljk`zjr grlotl jk jfrllhar.

- Hlnl
Hlnl slr
slr lx`d`n
lx`d`nkl,
kl, lsta
lsta qu`lr
qu`lrl
l hlf`r
hlf`r qul kj ank`d
ank`djf`
jf`öo
öo yj oa hlnl
hlnl lstjr
lstjr sui
suiltj
ltj j
pkjzas a faoh`f`aols.

Lo kas Jrt. 702, 702-J, N, F, H, L, G y 70: lofaotrjeas kj oarejt`vj olflsjr`j pjrj lk

trêe`tl hlk Rraflsa Ùo`fa hl Lilfuf`öo, par lilepka, oas `oh`fj qul sl s` kj lilfuf`öo
jglftjsl j uo tlrflra sl hlnlrê oat`g`fjr j àstl y su `otlrvlof`öo sl vlrê rldukjhj par lk
jrtåfuka :2: hl FRF. Xjen`ào oas mjnkj hl kj faepltlof`j hl kas iulfls, fujoha lk
eaota oa ls ejyar j :22 \^R, kj faepltlof`j ls hlk Iulz hl Rjz Kltrjha3 s` lk eaota
ls ejyar ls faepltlotl lk Iulz F`v`k.

Lo lk Jrt. 70< sl lxpaol lk praflsa hl lilfuf`öo hl ank`djf`

ank`djf`öo
öo hl hjr suej hl h`olra3 sl
elof`aoj qul àstj faos`stl lo qul lk lilfutjha nr`ohl uoj sjt`sgjff`öo eaoltjr`j jk
lilfu
lilfutjo
tjotl
tl hln`h
hln`ha
a j kj vukol
vukolrjf
rjf`ö
`öo
o hl uo hlrlfm
hlrlfma.
a. Rj
Rjrj
rj lsta
lsta lk iuz
iuzdjh
djhar
ar hlnlrê
hlnlrê
hltlre`ojr qul n`lols hlk pjtr`eao`a hlk lilfutjha pahrêo sjt`sgjflr kj hlejohj y sl
hlnlrê mjflr kj faovlrs`öo eaoltjr`j hl àstas. Rjrj qul sl rljk`fl, kj hlejohj hlnl
lstjr jfaepjújhj hlk tåtuka lilfut`va qul t`lol kj ank`djf`öo, jhleês lk rlqulr`e`lota
prlv`a hlnl g`ijr uo pkjza
pkjza pjrj lk fuepk`e`lota
fuepk`e`lota hl kj lilfuf`öo. Jhleês hlnl slr f`lrtj,
lxprlsj, lx`d`nkl y k`qu`hjn
k`qu`hjnkl.
kl.

Lo kas Jrtåfukas 428 y 42< hlk FRF lofaotrjeas kj oarejt`vj rlsplfta j kj ank`djf`öo hl
hjr n`lo eulnkl3 qul faos`stl lo kj trjosglrlof`j hl kj prap`lhjh hl uo n`lo fuya vjkar 
jprax`ejha hlnl `oh`fjrsl lo kj hlejohj, lsta hln`ha j jkdùo hltlr`ara qul pulhj sugr`r 
lk n`lo par pjrtl hlk ank`djha. Lstl ejohjta lilfut`va hlnlrê tlolr kj `ot`ejf`öo mjf`j lk
ank`djha pjrj qul lotrldul lk n`lo lo lk pkjza g`ijha jså faea kj jutar`zjf`öo hl kj gulrzj
pùnk`fj.
 

Hl kas jrtåfukas 427 jk 420 lstê kj rldukjf`öo rlglrlotl j kj ank`djf`öo hl mjflr. Lo lstj
ank`djf`öo lk hluhar hlnlrê rljk`zjr uoj jft`v`hjh gås`fj a iuråh`fj lo kas pkjzas y eahas
jfarhjhas. Lk lilfutjotl vlrê sjt`sglfmj su prltlos`öo uoj vlz rljk`zjhj kj jff`öo par lk
ank`djha, juoqul oa olflsjr`jelotl kj jff`öo hlnlrê slr rljk`zjhj par lk, yj qul sldùo
lk Jrt. :8= hlk FF kj jff`öo tjen`ào pulhl slr lglftujhj par uo tlrflra fao lk
faoslot`e`lota hlk jfrllhar, plra njia kj rlspaosjn`k`hjh hlk hluhar. Lo kj hlejohj,
jhleês, sl hlnlrê `oh`fjr lk vjkar eaoltjr`a hl kj jff`öo qul hlnlrê rljk`zjr lk hluhar,
hl lstl eaha, s` lk hluhar oa fuepk`lsl fao su hlnlr lo lk pkjza y eaha `oh`fjha par lk
Iulz, àstl pahrê oaenrjr j uo tlrflra qul rljk`zjrê kj jff`öo y fuya djsta slrê jsue`ha
par lk hluhar.

Lo kas Jrt. 4:2 y 4:> sl `oh`fj kj guof`aojk`hjh hl kj ank`djf`öo hl oa mjflr, qul oa ls

s`oa kj jnstlof`öo hlk hluhar hl rljk`zjr jkduoj hltlre`ojhj jft`v`h
jft`v`hjh.
jh. Lk ejohjta sanrl
àstj ank`djf`öo hlnlrê faotlolr kj `ot`ejf`öo, pjrj qul lo uo pkjza hl :2 håjs sl
hl
hlsm
smjd
jdjj ka ml
mlfm
fma
a a sl hl hltl
tlod
odj
j kj jf
jff`
f`öo
öo.. Vu li
lilf
lfuf
uf`ö
`öo
o garz
garzjh
jhj
j sl `o`o`f
`f`j
`j fa
fao
o lk
rlqulr`e`lota iuh`f`jk jk lilfutjha pjrj qul lo lk pkjza `oh`fjha hlsmjdj a hltlodj kj
lilfuf`öo hl kj jff`öo. Lo fjsa lk lilfutjha oa rljk`fl lk ejohjta sl pahrê oaenrjr j uo
tlrflra qul ka rljk`fl plra sl hlnlrê jhiuotjr kj hls`dojf`öo hl àstl, kj hltlre`ojf`öo
hlk fasta hl kj kjnar y kj prulnj hafuelotjk hl lstl fasta.

Kas Jrt. 4:< y 4:7 nr`ohj kj oarejt`vj sanrl lk praflsa hl lilfuf`öo hl rlsakuf`aols
 iuh`f`jkls.
 iuh`f`jkls. Elh`jotl lstl praflsa hl lilfuf`öo sl ank`dj jk vlof`ha j fuepk`r kj
slotlof`j, oa sl jhe`tlo h`sfus`aols sanrl lstj, o` jsuotas qul h`kjtlo su lilfuf`öo.

Kj lilfuf`öo hl djrjotåjs lstê oarejhj par kas jrtåfukas 4>2, 4>> y 4>8. Rr`elrjelotl
ls `epartjotl faoaflr kjs s`tujf`aols qul sl hlnlo hjr pjrj qul praflhj kj lilfuf`öo hl
djrjotåjs9

- Vl hlnlo
hlnlo fuepk`r
fuepk`r kjs
kjs ga
garejk
rejk`hjh
`hjhls
ls `oh`fj
`oh`fjhjs
hjs lo kj kly
kly y kj ank`
ank`djf`
djf`öo
öo dj
djrjot`
rjot`zjhj
zjhj
hlnl lofaotrjrsl lo lk e`sea hafuelota a lo atra t`tuka lilfut`va.

- Lk li
lilf
lfut
utjo
jotl
tl hl
hlnl
nlrê
rê jh
jh`f
`f`a
`aoj
ojrr j su hlej
hlejoh
ohj
j lk ha
hafu
fuel
elot
ota
a qu
qul
l `o
`oh`
h`qu
qul
l kj
djrjotåj y lk sjkha hluhar.

- V` lk n`lo
n`lo ls uo `oeul
`oeulnk
nkl
l sl hlnl
hlnl pr
prls
lslo
lotj
tjrr kj tjsj
tjsjf`
f`öo
öo pa
parr has `odlo
`odlo`l
`lra
rass a
jrqu`tlftas fakld`jhas,
fakld`jhas, s` ls uo eulnkl hlnlrê prlslotjrsl uo hafuelota s`e`kjr 
rljk`zjha par plr`tas fao sus g`rejs kldjk`zjhjs.

- V` kjs
kjs pjrtls
pjrtls kkkkldj
ldjrao
rao j uo jful
jfulrha
rha sanr
sanrl
l lk vjkar
vjkar jf
jftuj
tujk`z
k`zjha
jha hlk
hlk n`
n`lo
lo oa sl
slrê
rê
olflsjr`j kj tjsjf`öo.

- V` gulsl
gulsl lk fj
fjsa
sa hl qu
qul
l sl trjtj
trjtj hl uo n`lo
n`lo rld
rld`s
`str
trjh
jha
a hl
hlnl
nlrê
rê jhiuo
jhiuotj
tjrs
rsl
l su
drjvjelo.

Lstl ejohjta lilfut`va hlnlrê faeuo`fjrsl j qu`lo jglftl, gulrj hlk hluhar s` gulrj
olflsjr`a. V` kj hlejohj ls jhe`t`hj sl hlnlrê faeuo`fjr jk hluhar pjrj qul pjdul kj
hluhj lo uo pkjza hl trls håjs, fjsa faotrjr`a sl praflhlrê jk rlejtl hlk n`lo. V`
qulhjsl jùo uo sjkha par lk hluhar, sl praflhlrê j kj ank`djf`öo hl hjr h`olra.

Kj lilfuf`öo garzjhj suflhl fujoha lk ank`djha mj `ofuepk`ha lk ejohjta. Rjrj qul slj
v`jnkl hlnlo hjrsl kas s`du`lotls
s`du`lotls prlsupulstas9

- Lx`s
Lx`stl
tlof
of`j
`j hl tå
tåtu
tuka
ka hl li
lilf
lfuf
uf`ö
`öo.
o.
 

- Li
Lilr
lrf`
f`f`
f`a
a hl jff
jff`ö
`öo
o lilf
lilfut
ut`v
`vj.
j.

- Kj lx`
lx`st
stlo
lof`
f`j
j hl pjt
pjtr`
r`ea
eao`
o`a
a lilf
lilfut
utjn
jnkl
kl..

Lk lilfutjha rlspaohlrê ùo`fjelotl fao sus n`lols, s` mun`lsl atra jglftjha qul mjdj ka
prap`a sanrl lk e`sea n`lo, sl lvjkujrj kj ojturjklzj hl kas mlfmas y sl qulhjråj fao lk
rlejolotl. Lstl praflsa faofkuyl fao lk pjda hl kj tatjk`hjh hl kj hluhj.

Ls olflsjr`a jhleês mjnkjr hlk rlejtl y kj jhiuh`fjf`öo9

- Lk rlejtl
rlejtl ls kj lojilojf
lojilojf`öo
`öo garzjh
garzjhj
j rljk`zj
rljk`zjhj
hj par
par uo iulz j gjv
gjvar
ar hl qu`lo
qu`lo rljk`fl
rljk`fl
kj eliar aglrtj. Ls uoj sunjstj. Vl trjosg`lrlo kas n`lols hlk lilfutjha y sl mjfl
pjda jk jfrllhar. Rjrj rljk`zjrsl àstl, sl hlnlrê arhlojr kj tjsjf`öo hl kas
n`lols par pjrtl hl plr`tas lsplf`jk`zjhas, sjkva sl mjyj kkldjha j uo jfulrha
sanrl lk prlf`a.

- Kj jhiuh
jhiuh`fjf`
`fjf`öo
öo ls lk
lk trjskjha
trjskjha hl kj
kj prap`lhj
prap`lhjh
h jk lilfutj
lilfutjotl
otl fao
fao lk g`g`o
o hl pjdj
pjdjrr kj
hluhj.

Ls lotaofls qul sl lot`lohl qul lk praflsa ùo`fa hl lilfuf`öo t`lol par g`o mjflr 
fuepk`r uo hlrlfma yj rlfaoaf`ha, ls lotaofls qul sl kl hlnl faoaflr faea uo elh`a
hl pratlff`öo pjrj kas jfrllharls3 pjrj kj vjk`hlz hl àstl sl kl hlnl jfaepjújr fao uo
t`tuka lilfut`va3 jhleês hlnl slr f`lrtj, lxprlsj y lx`d`nkl. Lk hluhar pahråj jhuf`r kjs
s`du
s` du`l
`lot
otls
ls fj fjus
usjs
js pj
pjrj rj fa
faot
otrj
rjhl
hlf` f`rr kj hl
hlej
ejoh
ohj j hl hj
hjrs
rsl
l lk fjfjsa
sa,, àstj
àstjss sasaoo kj
`o
`olx
lx`d
`d`n
`n`k`k`h
`hjh
jh,, kj ou
ouk`k`hj
hjh,
h, kj lx
lxt`t`of
of`ö`öo,
o, kj lxt`
lxt`of
of`ö
`öo
o hl kj an
ank`k`dj
djf`
f`öo
öo,, kj `k`k`q
`qu`
u`hl
hlzz
pr`of`pjkelotl.

Gulotls9

- Ailhj Jfastj, E. Hlrlfma Rraflsjk F`v`k @@9 Ejoujk Jutagarejva @ogarejva. Mujofjya.
\o`vlrs`hjh Faoolotjk.

-   mttp9//www.klyls.faodrlsa.dan.p
mttp9//www.klyls.faodrlsa.dan.pl/Hafuelotas/HlfrltasKld`skjt`vas/2:270.phg
l/Hafuelotas/HlfrltasKld`skjt`vas/2:270.phg

-   mttps9//kphlrlfma.pl/praflsa-uo`fa-lilfuf`ao-fjrjftlr`st`fjs/#9~9tlxt5Lk
%>2praflsa%>2%F6%NJo`fa%>2hl%>2lilfuf`%F6%N6o%>2t`lol%>2faea
%>2g`o%>2qul%>2sl,lxt`of`%F6%N6o%>2hl%>2uoj%>2rlkjf`%F6%N6o
%>2iur%F6%JHh`fj.