CHAPTER IV

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 GENERAL REVIEW

The construction implementation method is an important stage in
the development project, because if the implementation of the work is not
good then the results of the planned employer will be less than perfect and
can even fail even though the work plan has been arranged well. In order
for the implementation of this work to run well and smoothly in
accordance with the stipulated plan, there must be cooperation from all
parties involved.
In the implementation of a project problems may arise that are
unpredictable and cannot be overcome by only one party, for the needs
of a coordination meeting to resolve and resolve problems together. In
coordination attended by :
a. The representative of the project owner
b. planning consultant
c. Co-ordinator and the project implementers
d. Matters discussed and resolved at the coordination meeting include :
 Progress of work in the field
 The problems and solutions concerning the implementation in the
field
 Realization of tasks in accordance with the time schedule
 Administrative issues and documents
 The targets must be achieved within the specified time period.

1
 In this chapter, we will describe the implementation of the work that the writer
observed while carrying out practical work starting 01 August 2019 until 01 November
2019, which is the upper structure work from the second floor to the fourth floor. The top
structure work observed in the development of the Project of Hotel Quest by Aston
Semarang was as follows:
a. Column work, especially the focus of the study of second, third
and fourth floors
b. Beam Work, especially the focus of the study on the third and
fourth floors
c. Floor plate work, specifically the focus of study on the third and
fourth floors
4.2 Work column
The column work on this project is carried out after the
ground floor work is completed. The column is the main structure
of the portal building which serves to carry vertical, horizontal, and
momentary loads, both from fixed and temporary loads.
The general provisions for structural columns in The
Project of Hotel Quest by Aston Semarang:
a. Using the Quality Concrete fc '26.89 MPa
b. Thick blankets Concrete is 5 cm
c. Main reinforcement using steel screw D25
d. Stirrup reinforcement using steel screw D10
e. Column 4 meters high (2nd floor - 4th floor)
Conduct field work in general can be seen in the
flowchart as follows:
 START

PREPARATORY

REINFORCEMENT COLUMN

NO

CEK REINFORCING

YES

INSTALLATION OF FORMWORK

NO

CEK FORMWORK

YES
CASTING COLUMN

RELEASE FORMWORK

Figure 4.2 Flowchart Work Column

Figure 4.3 Detail Sketch Column
 Before doing the column work and so that the column work
is standard from the stipulated conditions, some work is done to
support the column work to get maximum results, the following are
the stages in working on the column:
a. Preparatory Work
The preparatory work is the first work done on the
implementation of field work. The work being done at this
stage is to study the structure of the picture, where we will
know the dimensions of the column and can determine as a
column. In this work the surveyor has full responsibility,
because the determination of the point as the column is the
responsibility of the surveyor.
Point as the column is obtained from the work surveyors
take measurements and fixing, the marking of the dots or lines
are used as the basis for determining the location of the column
formwork and reinforcement. Determination as columns done
by using a theodolite. Position as determined based on the
vertical column as the column in the previous floor.
\

Figure 4.4 Marking Column

b. Reinforcement Column
Installation of iron on columns on the ground floor rests on
the sloof or in (fused) with the reinforcement of the pile cap. In
this case the length and angle iron/anchorage that goes into the
pile cap should be in accordance with the terms and rules of the
existing structure. Cutting iron is usually made continuously
from the ground floor up to the second floor, it aims to simplify
installation and save on the use of iron. Iron connection
(overlap) usually located right above the beam.
Here is a sample size of screw steel in the construction
Project of Hotel Quest by Aston Semarang

Figure 4.5 Reinforcement Dimension DetailsColumn

Step column reinforcement work on the project are as follows:

 Understanding work drawings and making a list of
deductions and deductions based on the plan drawing.
  Preparing reinforcement to be used according to the
diameter and the dimensions needed for the reinforcement
of the column.
 Cutting iron according to the length of the stirrups and
bending the iron to stir it based on the dimensions of the
column.
 Installation of the main reinforcement in columns and
weave reinforcement on the main reinforcement stirrup
according to the distance indicated on the plan drawing, and
tied with wire bendrat.
 After the activities of fabrication is complete, at around the
steel reinforcement columns are concrete decking, which
aims to give the distance between the steel reinforcement to
formwork for keeping the thickness of concrete cover, if
not given concrete decking, then a thick concrete cover will
be less than the limits given tolerance given by consultant.

Figure 4.6 Reinforcement Column

c. Installation Formwork Column

Formwork is a temporary auxiliary construction which is a
mold along with its complement on the side and bottom part of
a desired concrete construction. Formwork
is a temporary mold used to hold concrete as long as the
concrete is poured and shaped according to the desired shape
(Stephens, 1985).
Reference (formwork) is a means of supporting concrete
structures for concrete printers according to the size, shape or
position planned. Because it is temporary, the formwork will be
removed or dismantled after the concrete reaches sufficient
strength.
Scaffolding has the meaning as part of the construction of
formwork which functions to hold the loads on it that work
when casting, both vertical and horizontal loads.
The following column formwork working method:
 Create a boundary line sipatan concrete columns on the
concrete floor for the place of establishment of the
formwork
 Make sure all iron mounting inside the lines have been
marked, and the gap between the line and the iron to be
used as concrete cover, then attach the concrete decking on
certain points
 Prepare wooden boards that are arranged to form a
rectangle with a length and width are determined by the
dimensions of the column, and do not forget to spread the
lubricant in each edge of the board to be used as formwork.
 After the column formwork is closed, all the means of
strengthening the formwork such as tie rod, and a belt
mounted column.
 Figure 4.7Formwork Closed Column

 Make sure the alignment of the field of formwork column

by checking verticality (glare), by way of pendulum given
at the top end of the formwork to constantly down.

Figure 4.8Formwork Ploting Process Column

 To adjust the alignment when the gliding process is only by

tightening or loosening the base jack on the left or right
side.
 Figure 4.9Verticality Check

 After the formwork is installed properly, was marked at the

upper end of the formwork as a limit stop cast and
formwork ready casted.

Figure 4.10Installation FormworkColumn

d. Casting Column
Before doing casting, slump test was tested on ready mix
concrete materials and making samples for concrete press tests
in the laboratory. The concrete used is ready mix concrete with
K-300 quality and fc’ concrete compressive strength of 26.89
MPa. This concrete is sent
 from PT.BetonAdhimix Precast uses concrete mixer truck in
accordance with the ordering needs in the field. The casting of
the 3rd floor column is done on 12 September 2019.
At the time of casting, the slump value obtained is 12 cm.
The slump value is in accordance with the requirement that the
required slump value is 12 ± 2 cm.
The implementation of column casting on this project uses
a concrete pump truck, because this project does not use a
tower crane, each casting always uses a concrete pump truck
type super long boom. When the concrete casting process must
be mixed with concrete vibrators so that the concrete can be
solid and perfectly does not cause porous concrete.

Figure 4.11 Casting Column

e. Release of Formwork Column

The process of dismantling column formwork is done after
the concrete is considered to begin to harden. In this project,
column formwork was released about 12 hours after the casting
process. The process of dismantling formwork columns is as
follows:
 1. Column formwork dismantling is done manually.
2. Demolition is done by first removing the push-pull
props from the base plate.
3. Loosening the screw/wing nut found on the corner tie
holder. After the formwork on all four sides of column
slide toward the outside of the column.
4. The demolition process must be done very carefully to
avoid casting the result of his disability.

Figure 4.12Demolition Formwork Column

4.2.2 Beam Work and Plate Floor

Beam are structural components that function to hold the
load evenly (due to loading of the floor plate) and centralized loads
that are based on the column. Beams and plates are one unit in
construction because the floor plate and beam are cast
monolithically. The process and description of the implementation
of beam and floor plate work in general can be seen in the
flowchart as follows.
The beam and floor plate work is done after the column
work is finished. The beam and floor plate work includes several
activities including the determination of
 beam and floor plates, fabrication of beam formwork and
floor plate, installation of beam formwork and floor plate, beam
construction, floor plate construction, beam casting and floor
plate, and beam and plate formwork demolition floor.

START

PREPARATORY WORK

INSTALLATION SCAFFOLDING

INSTALLATION FORMWRK BEAM AND FLOOR PLATE

NOT

CHECK
FORMWORK

YES

REINFORCEMENT BEAM AND FLOOR PLATE

CASTING FLOOR BEAM AND FLOOR PLATE

RELEASE FORMWORK

Figure 4.13 Work Flowchart Beam and Floor Plate

 Figure 4.14ReinforcementPlate Floor

Figure 4.15DetailsDimension ofBeams Reinforcement

The following steps Beams and Plates Employment Floor:

a. Employment Preparation (Determination grid as)
Determination of the beam grid and floor plate follow
the position of the column. mainly beams that are directly
related to the column, the implementation of the work on the
beam is the most important is the bottom of the beam attached
to the column or shear wall. In
carrying out the work, it is considered the position of the
elevation of the floor plate and beam, the determination of the
implementation is as follows:
 From the base of the column was measured as high as 1
m (height of water pass) and by marking the elevation on
the column.

Figure 4.16 Elevation Code In Column

 Then using water pass, the other columns are also given
the same elevation marking
 From the elevation, is used as a benchmark to measure
the elevation beam and slab with
 measure formwork of the beam and the floor plate
 30
0

40
0

10
0

Figure 4.17 Marking Sketch of Column Height

b. Installation Scaffolding
Scaffolding or scaffolding is used as a temporary structure
that functions as a buffer/buffer load on it, namely, formwork,
concrete mortar, and floor slabs and labor during the casting
process takes place on the construction of buildings.
Scaffolding is arranged so that it can support the load above
it. If there is an error or elevation change, the scaffolding can
be reset again without the need to dismantle it, just by setting
the u-head or jack base to adjust the elevation. Scaffolding for
beams is established based on the position of the beam and is
usually established between columns while for the floor plate is
established in the middle of the floor plate area by adjusting the
distance of each frame based on needs.
 Figure 4.18 Installation Scaffolding

c. Installation Formwork
1) Installation Formwork Beam
Installation of beam formwork and floor plates is
installed as beams and floor plates are finished, the
installation is done at the location. Formwork is prepared
before installation. Beam formwork is supported by solar
beam and scaffolding. Scaffolding or scaffolding is the
main support of formwork. Scaffolding on this project uses
PCH where there are 2 types of sizes, 1.8 meters for
beam restraints and
2.4 meters for floor plate restraints. After that, give the suri
beam and the picul beam above. The main ingredients
above that must be prepared include:
o PCH framework consisting of:
1. Jack base
2. standart
3. Ledger
4. U-head
5. Hollow
6. Suri- suri
 7. plywood
o plywoodwith a thickness of 20 mm
o Tooling tools such as saws, hammers and nails

Figure 4.19Formwork Beam

The stages of installation of formwork for beams, among

others:
1. Install the jack base
Jack base serves as a pedestal or leg of the circuit.
which is located at the bottom. Used to support the
loads when the execution of work,
2. Installing a vertical pole (Standard)
Vertical pole is the main frame in the series. or used
as a body
3. Installing the Ledger
Ledger is a part that is used to connect between the
vertical pole with a horizontal position. To hold and
strengthen the establishment of circuit,
 4. Install U-head
U-head is used as the top end of the circuit. Shaped
like the letter U which serves to prop up the hollow and
adjustable height.
5. Install holow longitudinal direction
Distance installation beam according to the beam
span in the field.
6. Installing beam suri
distance beam suri-suri adjust the beam span in the
field.
7. Installingplywood

2) Installation Formwork Floor Plate

Making the formwork plate held after the beam formwork has been
completed. How to make it not much different from the beam
formwork. The main materials to be prepared in the manufacture of
formwork, among others:
o Scaffolding framework that consists of:
1. Jack base
2. standart
3. Ledger
4. U-head
5. Hollow
6. installing plywood
o plywood with a thickness of 20 mm
o Tooling tools such as saws, hammers and nails
 Figure 4.20 Formwork Floor Plate

Stages of formwork installation Tools such as saws,

hammers and nails for floor plates include:
1. InstallingJack Base
Jack base serves as a pedestal or leg of the
circuit. which is located at the bottom. Used to
support the loads when the execution of the work
2. Vertical pole mounting (standard)
Main framea main frame on the circuit.or
used as a body
3. Install the Ledger
Ledger is a part that is used to connect
between the vertical pole with a horizontal position.
To hold and strengthen the establishment of circuit
4. Installing the U-head
U-head is used as the top end of the circuit.
Shaped like the letter U which serves to prop up the
hollow and adjustable height.
 5. Installing a holow
Distance installation accordingwith span
hollow slab on the ground.
6. Installingplywood
After formwork beams and plates attached, checking
back plate elevation. Checks carried out measurements with a
theodolite and tub to ensure the elevation measuring beam and
slab formwork. The steps are as follows:
o Placing tool theodolite at a height of 1 m from
the surface of the floor plate underneath or
marking as high as the loan to the column
o Bak measure is placed on the bottom of the
formwork plates or beams
o If the tool theodolite readings on the
corresponding figures have not shown the screw
jack on scaffolding rotated to increase or
decrease the formwork
d. Reinforcement
1) Reinforcement Beams
Reinforcement of the beam is done on the formwork
that has been installed. Reinforcement is done on location.
The beam reinforcement is carried out first then the floor
plate. The beam reinforcement stages include:
o Fabrication Fabrication of reinforcement is carried out
according to the image.
Fabrication of steel reinforcement is carried out below
the same as column reinforcement fabrication, which is
in the project area that is not used for construction.
Fabrication of this
 reinforcement includes cutting and bending of
reinforcement.
o Cutting reinforcement is done with cutter and bending
reinforcement bars is done by using a bar bender.
Cutting reinforcement should be implemented very
carefully and well planned. To minimize reinforcement
of the remaining pieces that can not be used anymore.
Cutting along the span beam reinforcement beam
coupled with a length of 40 times the diameter
distribution main. For example, using reinforcement
with a diameter of 22 and a length of 2 m, long span
reinforcement
is cut
o Mobilization reinforcement of the location of
manufacture and cutting of reinforcement, to the site of
the beam transported by the tower crane.
o Installation 3 cm thick concrete decking to keep the
reinforcement does not stick to the formwork
o Installation bottom reinforcement on concrete decking,
then assembled with wire bendrat
o At the lower and upper reinforcement ends of the
reinforcement beams are inserted into the column
reinforcement as anchoring
o continuation bottom reinforcement is done in a staging
area, while the reinforcement tacking on to do in the
field area
o Installation of stirrup reinforcement is arranged so that the distance
to the pedestal is more tightly compared to the distance on the field
 Figure 4.21 Reinforcement Beams

2) Reinforcement Plate Floor

Reinforcement slab formwork is done above has been installed, the
reinforcement is done on site. Reinforcement slab reinforcement beams
implemented after completion. Things that need to be considered in the
work of installation of reinforcement are:
o Before the reinforcing steel is installed, diameter, length
and shape of reinforcement is checked.
o The distance between the reinforcement and the amount
of reinforcement is done in the field according to the
picture detail.
o Thick blankets of concrete with concrete decking
installation 5 cm.

Figure 4.22Reinforcement Plate Floor

 stagesimplementation slab reinforcement work is as follows :
a. Fabrication of reinforcement carried out according to
the picture
Fabrication of the steel reinforcement is done under the
same manufacturing reinforced columns and beams, ie
the project area that is not used for development. This
reinforcement fabrication includes cutting and bending
reinforcement
b. Reinforcement is done by bar cutter and reinforcement
bending using a bender bar. Reinforcement must be
carried out very carefully and planned. To minimize the
rest of the remaining pieces that cannot be used
anymore Reinforcement for floor slabs is the main
reinforcement along the length of the plate plus the
length for the joint that is equal to 40 times the diameter
of the main reinforcement. For example the length of
the plate span is 1 m and uses reinforcement with a
diameter of 22. Reinforcement plate The bottom side
layer plate is the direction of the x-axis and the
direction of the y-axis matches the mark on the work
floor or on the lime marked
c. Tie each meeting between the reinforcing plate- side
layer below the x-axis direction with the y-axis
direction using wire bendrat. Bond carried a hose.
d. Install itreinforcement corsets or barefoot as a buffer
between the reinforcement on the bottom side in the
staging area around the beam
 e. Tie each meeting between reinforcement The upper-
side plate of the x-axis direction with the y- axis using
bendrat wire. Bonding is done one after another
f. Last clean the casting area

Figure 4.23 Work Cleaning

e. Casting Beam and Floor Plate

After the formwork and reinforcement have been installed,
casting beams and plates are ready to be carried out. Casting
beams and floor plates are carried out simultaneously so that
the relationship between the beam and the floor plate becomes
monolithic (unified and continuous).
Before the casting is carried out, the slump test in the ready
mix concrete is then carried out by making a
 sample for the concrete compressive strength test. Casting at
the Project of Hotel Quest by Aston Semarang is always done
by using a long boom concrete pump truck because in this
project it does not use a tower crane, this concrete pump truck
arm can be set according to the location of the casting.
When casting takes place the vibrator concrete is always
turned on to compress the concrete mixture, especially in the
beam section. This compaction aims to avoid beams from
porous which can lead to a decrease in the quality of the
concrete, decreasing the quality of the concrete can affect the
planned concrete life.
Whencompacting the concrete mixture with a concrete
vibrator, do not get to the end of the vibrator arm regarding the
reinforcement beam or floor plate, this can change the position
of the reinforcement that has been set.

Figure 4.24 Casting Beam and Floor Plate

f. Demolition of Formwork Beam and Floor Plate

Afterthe casting process is always carried out the treatment
process on the concrete by watering the surface of the
concrete with water so that the concrete
 will experience perfect pavement and avoid cracks in the
concrete. When the concrete starts to dry, scaffolding will be
demolished first without removing the formwork because the
concrete strength is not maximal, starting with the release of u-
head on the formwork and then other parts. The first part of
the scaffolding that is removed is the part that holds the floor
plate, after which the scaffolding that holds the beam.
After the concrete is strong enough, the formwork can be
dismantled immediately 14 days after casting, but at certain
points it is still supported by scaffolding, because the age of the
concrete is still not perfect.

Figure 4.25Release of Beam Formwork and Floor Plate

4.4.1 Delay in Development Implementation

There are several problems causing the delay in the
implementation of development on this project, including the
following:
 Problem
 On 09 September 2019 there was a material delay. Material
delay has always been an obstacle in every job at the Project of
Hotel Quest by Aston semarang, the type of material that is
always late is steel, wood, this is
 because contractors do not want to use material from within the
city, they reason material prices are quite high in Region
Semarang. Almost all materials used come from outside the
city, which are sent from Jakarta, be it wood, hebel, cement,
steel, all of which are sent from Jakarta. As a result the material
can be delayed 3 (three) to 4 (four) days.
 Delays in heavy equipment in foundry work, such as during a
concrete pump truck rental, contractors always rent super long
boom types, this is because there is no tower crane. Every delay
casting activity can occur for several days, because the
availability of super long boom types in contractor rental
equipment rental companies is not always available, because of
the many other projects at that time, given that not only one
construction project took place at that time in Semarang.
 On 13 Augst 2019 there was a delay in casting this because the
PT. Tri Mega Pilar Utama owner had not given money to the
contractor of PT. Purikencana, so that the casting experiences a
delay in casting. In addition to delays in casting, there were
also delays in paying wages to PT. Purikencana, so the masons
strike to work. They will work again after their wages are
given.
 Solution
To overcome the problem of the delay in the construction of the
PT. Purikencana pursues a schedule that has been determined from
a time schedule, namely building faster construction with
workmanship both column/beam/plate reinforcement, formwork
installation, procurement of fulfilled material and accelerated
casting as well. In the schedule chase phase, it was conducted in
August until mid
 September 2019, but in October the development experienced a
delay too, because of the PT. Tri Mega Pilar Utama owner not
giving money to the owner of PT. Purikencana then casting is
delayed.
4.4.2 Impact On the Neighborhood
 Problem
 During the construction of the project there was some material
from the office of PT. Tri Mega Pilar Utama projected there
were pieces of office tile falling into the residents' houses,
resulting in damaged roof tiles. Flakes fell because they were
carried away by strong winds. Because of the damage from the
construction manager apologize to the homes of the residents
concerned and from construction management compensate the
concerned.
 At the time of excavation of septic tank wells there were
residents 'houses whose wells were polluted, this was due to
the removal of water from the back of the residents' house
during the well excavation. From the construction manager
came to the house in question and apologized to the concerned
and from construction management compensated the house
whose wells were polluted.
 Solution
 From the implementing contractor, it takes a persuasive
approach and understanding to every citizen and deliberates by
prioritizing mutual respect so that there is a meeting point of
agreement that is not burdensome for all parties.
 Polluted and damaged water sources have been repaired by
the Implementing Contractor PT. Tri Mega
 Pilar Utama and function according to normal and
smooth conditions.
4.4.3 Less Perfect Structural Work
a. Porous Concrete
 Problem
When the formwork is opened a defect occurs in the
concrete in the form of porous. The porosity of the concrete
structure due to imperfections in the processing process
because the air cavities cannot come out when casting is done.
This is because when the vibrator casting cannot reach, so
that the air cavities are trapped and cause reinforcement on the
structure to be visible, it causes the strength of the concrete to
hold the load above it down.
The alternative solution is to use additional cement stucco
to cover the loss of the concrete structure so that the concrete
does not look defective.

Figure 4.31 Porous Concrete

 Solution
Somealternatives are made so that the porous column can
return smoothly and the structure can function properly:
  Closing porous parts by grouting or patching with ordinary
mortar material if porous/damage is not too large
 Thickening the dimensions of the column, how to install
additional reinforcement iron outside the column, then cast
it again covering the existing column
 If there is a lot of porosity, it must be demolished to be
replaced with a new one. To find out whether the column
still meets the requirements or cannot be done with the
hammer ters.

b. Meeting As Its Not Precision

 Problem
At the time of structural work, the initial work carried out is
the measurement work. In this project there are several
measurement jobs that are faulty, one of which is the miss point
column, which is due to several reasons, including:
- Errors in the initial measurement process
- Errors in the process of installation of formwork
The alternative solution is to keep using the correct size but
some adjustments are made by breaking and adjusting
plastering work, the pelesteran used is by using sikagrout,
because this material is considered to have strength similar to
concrete mixtures. For further work, the consultant will not
tolerate the same mistakes at the time of measurement.
 Figure 4.32 Meeting As Its Not Precision

 Solution
The solution to overcome the as-point that is not precise in
The Project of Hotel Quest by Aston in Semaang is as follows :
 Thicken the dimensions of the column so that it is equal to
the others
 Remeasuring the column connection stage for the next
column, namely by bending the reinforcement iron to align
with the others.
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 CONCLUSION
Based on the results of observations in the field while following
the Job Training on the implementation of the work of the Project of Hotel
Quest by Aston Semarang the authors took several conclusions, namely as
follows :
1. Lack of a culture of occupational safety and health (K3) that causes
undisciplined workers, therefore they easily ignore the use of safety
equipment
2. The construction of this building used is reinforced concrete structure
with K-300 concrete compressive strength
3. In the construction of the Project of Hotel Quest by Aston Semarang
the value of the Slump Test was 12 ± 2 cm
4. In the contruction less perfect structural work on the column not
precision,errors in the process of installaton of fromwork.but the
nominal difference < 10 cm is normal tolerance.

5.2 SUGGESTION
By looking at a number of problems during the practical work
activities at PT. Purikencana, namely Project of Hotel Quest by Aston
Semarang. For this reason, try to provide some suggestion, including
the following :
1. It was recommended that in the execution of casting columns, beams
or floor plates, it should be considered in cleaning the casting area and
using concrete vibrators so that the concrete is completely solid so that
porous concrete does not occur
2. During work construction, the guarantee of labor safety and security
was always available and well maintained such as the availability of
safety helmets, safety shoes and safety belts. This is intended so that
work safety during construction work takes place more assured
3. It was better if the consultants have their own divisions in the
development process, not only one consultant who would later confuse
the consultant himself if not in his field
4. In the implementation of development, which was already on the upper
floor, it was better to install a project safety net, so that the debris
falls from the project not in the house, so it does not favor the local
residents.