isxy,

idys;H ridiajdoh

10-- ¡ 11 fYa%‚

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

i
 m<uqjk uqøKh 2014
fojk uqøKh 2015
f;jk uqøKh 2016
isõjk uqøKh 2017
miajk uqøKh 2018
yhjk uqøKh 2019
y;ajk uqøKh 2020

ish¨ ysñlï weúßKs

ISBN 978-955-25-0392-4

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

mdk¿j" mdÿlal msysá rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

Published by: Educational Publications Department

Printed by: State Printing Corporation, Panaluwa, Padukka.

ii
 Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh

Y%S ,xld ud;d
wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d
iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;s fidanudk ,xld
OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd
wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d
ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd
kfuda kfuda ud;d
wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d
Tn fõ wm úoHd -
Tn u h wm i;Hd
Tn fõ wm Yla;s -
wm yo ;=< Nla;s
Tn wm wdf,dafla -
wmf.a wkqm%dfKa
Tn wm Ôjk fõ -
wm uqla;sh Tn fõ
kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d
{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd
tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd
huq huq ù fkdmud
fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d
wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d

iii
iv
v
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh -ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
fufyhùu
ví' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßiaa ^ixj¾Ok&
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iïnkaëlrKh m%.S;sld chfialr
ksfhdacH flduidßiaa
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iydh iïnkaëlrKh
ta'ù' Èf,ald y¾I‚ wurfiak
ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
f,aLl uKav,h
1' ví,shq' ta' wfíisxy m%ùK f,aLl
2' ir;a ks;,j -.=re fiajh
l=,s$l=,shdmsáh uOH uyd úoHd,h" l=,shdmsáh
3' Wfml,d w;=fldar< iyldr lÓldpd¾h
isxy, wxYh" fld<U úYajúoHd,h
ixialdrl uKav,h
1' wdpd¾h iaj¾Kd by<.u fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h
le,‚h úYajúoHd,h
2' ã' ví,sõ' Èidkdhl fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
3' mS'à'tï' r;akdhl lÓldpd¾h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
4' m%.S;sld chfialr ksfhdacH flduidßia
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fidaÿm;a lshùu
l,Hd‚ úfÊiqkaor lÓldpd¾h
fld<U úYajúoHd,h
msgljr ks¾udKh
1' fÊ'tÉ' ufkdaßld ms%hx.kS mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh
1' tia'ù'Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

2' fk,ald m%idÈks mß.Kl ;dlaI‚l iydhl"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
vii
 ixialdrl igyk

NdIdj Wmfhda. lr .ksñka rih ckkh lrk l,dj" idys;Hh f,i

ye¢kafjhs' th yqfola NdId úl%uhla muKla fkdj udkj Ôú;fha úúO
me;slv ksrEmKh lrk udOHhls' idys;Hh ks¾udKh" ri úkaokh yd
úpdrh hk lafIa;% ;=klska iukaú; nj we;eï úpdrlfhda mji;s' ri
úkaokh idys;Hh mßYS,kfhka ,eìh yels m%;s,dNhls'
2015 j¾Ifha isg ls%hd;aul flfrk kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wkql+,j 10-11
fYa%‚ i|yd iïmdokh flfrk fï idys;H ridiajdoh fm<fmd; Tng tu
m%;s,dNh w;a m;a lr §u wruqKq lr f.k we;' cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
úiska iïmdÈ; b.ekaùï wkql%uh mokï lr f.k fuys f,aLk fm< .iajd
;sfí'
ks¾ÈIag idys;Huh WoaOD; o ta WoaOD; ms<sn| iy tajdfha l;=jreka ms<sn|
ixlaIsma; úia;r o fuys wka;¾.; fõ' tfuka u m<uqjk mßÉfþoh f,i
kQ;k idys;Hdx. jk flál;dj" kjl;dj iy kQ;k isxy, lúh ms<sn|
ye¢kaùï lsysmhla Tnf.a wOHhk myiqj ms‚i tl;= lr we;' wdrïNfha
§ u idys;H ridiajdoh ms<sn| ixlaIsma; ú.%yhla o fuys we;=<;a fõ'
wod< idys;Huh WoaOD; ri úkaokhg uÕ fmkajk wNHdi lsysmhlska o
iukaú; fï fm< fmd;" wOHhkfha § Tfí .=rejrekaf.a iy jeäysáhkaf.a
iydh wjYH wjia:dj, úfgl ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ' WoaOD;j, wka;¾.;
we;eï ÿrjfndaO jpk i|yd wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍï we;=<;a lr ;sîu Tng
myiqjla fj;ehs woyia lruq'
idys;H riúkaokh weiqfrka uki ÈhqKq lr f.k ixfõ§ ñksil= f,i
iudchg msúfikakg Tng yels fõjdZhs iqNdYxikh lruq'
fï fmd; iïmdokfha § iydh oela jQ ish¨ fokd f.!rjfhka isysm;a lrk
w;r uydpd¾h frdaysKS mrKú;dk uy;añhg wmf.a úfYaI ia;+;sh ysñ fõ'

ixialdrl uKav,h

viii
 mgqk
msgq wxl

idys;H ridiajdoh 1
1 kQ;k idys;Hdx. lsysmhla 4

² flál;dj 4
² kjl;dj 7
² kQ;k mµ 10
2 l=i cd;lh 13
3 iqNdIs;h 52
4 fjila myk 61
5 ;=xux yxÈh 69

6 ck lú 71
7 hq;=lu 77
8 W;=frka 79
9 wd.ka;=l i;aldrh 81
10 we;a .df,a ore fmu 83
11 jeys j,d l=< 87
12 w¨; f.kd ukd,sh 89

13 kkao f;reka jykafiaf.a jia;=j 91
14 je,mSu 102
15 Woh 110
16 jeiai 112
17 mq;= bmÿKq fï forfKa 114
18 Èidm;s lduf¾ § h 116
19 uÕ 118
20 ldka;dr .ul Wm; 120

ix

wm Ôj;a jk f,dalfhys mj;akd
wdrïNh fyda wjidkh fyda fuf;lehs
ksYaph l< fkd yels hï lsisjla we;akï
ta w;r idys;Hh o fjhs' idys;Hfha
uq," udkj j¾.hdf.a b;sydifha wE;g
Èfjhs' idys;Hfha jmißh" uq¿ uy;a
Or‚ ;,fhka w;súYd, fldgila jid
f.k isáhs'
isxy, idys;H b;sydih úuiSfï § th
wju jYfhka wjqreÿ fo oyila j;a
blaujk nj fmfka' ta wre;ska" wm
i;= j we;s iqúi,a idys;Hh w.kd Ok
ksOdkhla jeks h'
isxy, idys;Hh o we;=¿ f,dal
idys;Hfhka úYd, fldgila" f,aLk
.;j we;' ;j;a fldgila" ckY%e;s
f,i w,sÅ;j ;sfí' tlS ,sÅ; iy
w,sÅ; idys;Hh l=ula i|yd o@ ljr
wruqKla Wfoid o@ ljr wNsu;d¾:hla
isoaO lrkq i|yd o@
ta m%Yakj,g Èh yels flá ksh;
ms<s;=rla we;' ta ms<s;=r kï" muK
fuf;lehs msßis| lsj fkd fyk"
udkj j¾.hd i;= fï iqúi,a idys;Hh
mj;skafka" wka lsisjla Wfoid fkd j"
wdiajdoh Wfoid u nj h'
wdiajdoh" wdiajdokh" ridiajdoh"
ridiajdokh hk fhÿïj,ska f;drj
f,dfõ lsis u rgl" lsis u oehl" lsis
u j.l" idys;Hhla .ek l;d l< fkd
fyhs'
idys;H ridiajdoh
“wdiajdo” hk jok" Y%S iqux., Yío
fldaIfhys,d je,súáfha fidar; ysñ
úiska f;areï lrkq ,nkafka u;=
oelafjk mßÈ h'
“^ri& ú£u" iemh'”
tfia u" tysñfhda “wdiajdok” hk jok"
“ri ú| .ekSu” f,iska myod fo;s'
“ridiajdo” hk jok ielfikafka"
“ri - wdiajdo” hk joka oajh tla
ùfuks' ta wkqj ridiajdo hkq" ri ú|
.ekSu h¦ fjk;a jpkj,ska lsj fyd;a"
ridiajdoh hkq idys;H ks¾udKhl ri
ú| .ekSu h'
.oH - moH - pïmq hk f,iska o"
kjl;d - flál;d - kdgH - .S; hk
f,iska o úúOdldr jk idys;Hh" wm
úiska mßyrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= jkafka
thska èjks; jk rih ú|.ekSug hs'
fuys § ridiajdoh hk jok" jvd;a
mq¿,a f,i ú.%y lr .ekSu w;HjYH
fõ' idys;H ks¾udKhl ri ú£u
jkdyS udkisl l%shdj,shls' fjk;a
wdldrhlg lsj fyd;a" lsis hï idys;H
ks¾udKhla" wOHhkh lsÍfuka
miqj wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka" tu.ska
lsis hï idys;Huh rihla w;a ú£u hs'
ke; fyd;a wm is;a i;ka wdkkaofhka
m%{dj lrd f.k hdu hs'
tlS idys;H ri úkaokh fya;= fldg
f.k wm is;ays we;s jk úm¾hdih
fln÷ o@ ta úm¾hdih y÷kajk úfYAI
jokla idys;H úpdrfhys i|yka h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 1
 tkï" pu;aldrh hs' “pu;aldrh” hkq"
flfkl=f.a is; u;a lrk .=Kh
muKla fkd fõ' idys;H lD;shla
lshùfuka miqj" tys i|yka fmr fkd jQ
úrE fohla ms<sn|j úiauhla wm ;=< yg
.kshs' pu;aldrh kï jkqfha" ta úiauh
hs' ish¨ u rihkaf.a yrh pu;aldrh
fj;ehs lshk ,oafoa tfyhsks'
ta wkqidrfhka is;k úg" idys;H
lD;shla ri ú¢h hq;af;a" Bg fmr wm
úiska fkd ,nk ,o w¨;a m%;s,dNhla
,nd .ekSug neõ" fmkS hhs' Wiia
idys;H ks¾udKhla ri ú£fuka
miqj - th kjl;dj" flál;dj"
lúh" kdglh wdÈ fldg .;a ljrla
jqj o - wdOHd;añl jYfhka wm u|la
bÈßhg f.dia we;s neõ" wmg u yeÕS
hkq we;' is; msÍ .sh njla" úiauhg
m;a jQ njla" wmg oefkkag fjhs' túg"
Tn w¨;a jQ njla" Tng u oefkkq we;'
tlS ish¨ u úm¾hdihka fya;= fldg
f.k" Tn is;a ;=< idys;H ixl,amkd
mjd my< jkq we;' tmuKla fkdj
Ñ;a;dNHka;rh ixfõ§ njg m;aj
;sfí' fyd| idys;H ks¾udK úiska
Tnj Wiia ri úkaokhla lrd le|jd
f.k hkq ,nkafka tf,isks'
fyd| idys;H lD;shla ri ú£u fya;=
fldg f.k Tn ;=< isÿ jkakd jQ fï
fjki" w;ska w,a,d .; yels - iam¾Yfhka
y÷kd.; yels - fk;ska oelsh
yels - fN!;sl m%;s,dNhla fkd fõ'
idys;H ridiajdofhka ,nk rih
wf,!lsl hhs o w;Skaøsh hhs o lshk
,oafoa tfyhsks' idys;H ri úkaokh
jkdys" bkaøshhka blaujk m%;s,dNhls'
bkaøshkaf.ka mila lr .; fkd yels
jQ ksid u" idys;Hh ;=< lsisjla ke;ehs
2 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
hful=g mejish yels h' kuq;a idys;Hh"
iEu wjia:dfõ u msÍ we;af;a h' iys;
nj u idys;H fj;ehs ^“iys;iHNdjx
idys;Hï”& lshk ,oafoa tfyhsks'
b;d ieflúka lsj fyd;a - idys;Hh
hkq Tnf.a yoj; fmdaIKh lrk
Okhls' Wiia idys;H lD;shla
mßYS,kfhka ,nk wdiajdoh fyj;a
rih" wdOHd;añl jQ u m%;s,dNhls' uq¿
uy;a f,dal idys;Hh u wdOHd;añl
Okhla jkafka tlS wre;sks'
Wla; lreKq weiqfrka jgyd .; hq;=
uQ,sl ldrKhla we;af;a h' tkï"
idys;Hh mj;skafka" úkaokh i|yd u
nj h' fojeks merl=ïndjka" iajlSh
uyd ldjHh jk lõis¿ñK wrUk
whqre Bg ksoiqka h'
“iriúh ne¨ufilaks - fj;ajd lsú ofkda
fmfoys riyõ ú÷kd - fofk;d b;d
ÿ,fnda”
iriúhf.a ne¨ï ud;%hlska jqj"
flfkl= lúhl= jkq we;' tfy;a
lúfhys ri Ndj ú¢k ck;dj kï"
b;d ÿ,n h'
idys;H ks¾udKhl ri ú| .ekSu" tlS
ks¾udKh ìys lsÍug;a jvd wmyiq
nj;a th b;d jákd nj;a uy lú
merl=ïndjka úiska meyeÈ,s lrk
,oafoaa tjka w;sYfhdala;shlsks' tfia
jqj o th ienEjls' idys;H ri úkaokh
- jdikdjla fyj;a jdikd .=Khla
neõ" tu .Sfhkaa mejfihs'
iajlSh lú YslaIdj kue;s lD;sfhys,d
uqksodi l=udr;=x. fufia mejiS h'
“hula lshjQ l,e" weiQ l,e" ú,sìh
we;shjqkg rihla oefka kï" ta
lúfhls'”
tneúka idys;Hfha úkaokh hkak wm myod §ug h' b;d m%n, .eUqre fYdal
is;kjdg jvd .eUqre fohla neõ" Tng kdglhla keröfuka blaì;sj" iyDohd
wjfndaO jkq we;' fld;rï ixlS¾K ;=< isÿ jkafka yoj; msßissÿ ùulehs
fyd| idys;H lD;shla mßYS,kfhka Tjqyq mejiQy' idys;H ks¾udKhl ri
wm ú¢k rih - ,nk pu;aldrh - is; ú£fuys w.%M,h - wjidk M,h - kï"
msßisÿ lsÍug fya;= ^ldrl& jkafka h' is; msßisÿ njg m;a ùu h' idys;Hfha
.S%l niska “l;disia” (Catharsis) ienE pu;aldrh kï th hs'
hkqfjka ye¢kafjk jok Tn y÷kd tfia fyhska" Tn bÈßfhys we;s
.; hq;= h' tlS jpkh uy.;alre idys;H lD;sh Tn úiska ksis f,i
ud¾áka úl%uisxy úiska wre;a .kajkq mßYS,kh lrkq ,nkafka kï" Tn
,nkafka “Ndj úf¾pkh” lshd h' ,nk ridiajdoh - pu;aldrh - Tnf.a
Ndj úf¾pkh hkq" isf;ys we;s jk wOHd;auh fmdaIKh lrk wmQ¾j;u
rd. fodai fudayd§ flf,ia u, fidaod m%;s,dNhla jkq we;'
yeÍu h' .S%l úpdrlhkaa “l;disia” hk
jok fhÿfõ" .S%l fYdal kdglfhka
fm%alaIlhdf.a yoj; ;=< we;s jk fjki

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 3

 1 kQ;k idys;Hdx. lsysmhla
flál;dj
flál;dj hkq uQ,sl woyila bÈßm;a
jk fia w;aoelSula yd ne÷Kq ixisoaêhla
biau;= lrk l,d ks¾udKhls' idudkH
jYfhka flál;djl újrKh jkafka"
iSñ; pß; ixLHdjla mu‚' tla isoaêhla
fyda isoaê lsysmhla fyda mdol lr f.k
ks¾udKh flfrk flál;djl uqLH
mrud¾:h jkqfha" lsis hï úfYaIs; tla
ldrKhla yqjd oelaùu h'
flál;dj ye¢kaùu i|yd Èh
yels ks¾jpk fndfyda h' ta w;r"
flál;dj jQl,S Ôú;fhka fm;a;lehs
(A slice of life) hk wekagka fpfld*af.a
újrKh" w;sYh w¾:iïmkak fõ'
m%udKfhka flá jQ ks¾udK flál;d
hkqfjka ye¢kaùu idjµ fõ' f,dal
idys;Hfhys tk fY%AIaG flál;d yeu
tlla u flá fkd fõ' tajd w;r msgq
ishh blaujk §¾> flál;d olakg
,efí' wekagka fpfld*af.a m<Õeáhd"
yfha jdÜgqj jeks flál;d Bg
ksoiqka h'
m%;sNdmQ¾K kQ;k isxy,
flál;dlrejl= jk ohdfiak
.=Kisxy flál;dj ks¾jpkh flf<a
fumßÈ h'
“flál;dj hkq ljf¾ oehs tl u
jelshlska mjik f,i hul= ug lsj
fyd;a" flál;dj hkq Ôú;fha ióm
4 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
rEmhlehs uu lshkafkñ' ks¾jpkhla
jYfhka ta lshuk lsisfia;a u mßmQ¾K
fkd jk njg újdohla ke;' tfy;a
flál;dfõ iuia; iajNdjh ms<sn|
b`.shla" ta ;=< .eí ù we;ehs uu is;ñ'˜
^ohdfiak .=Kisxy - fla;=u;S fydag,fha
rd;s%hla - 1990&
tfuka u iudc Ôú;fhka wxY= ud;%hla
ksrEmKh lrk rpkh flál;dj nj
fla' ch;s,l uy;d mjihs' tu;= fkdj
w¾:j;a f,i pß;dx.hla fyda pß;hla
u;= lrk m%n, wjia:dj flál;dj nj
ta'ù' iqrùr uy;d mjihs'
j¾;udk flál;dj" f,dfjys mer‚;u
l;d l,djl kùk;u iajrEmh fjhs'
fn!oaO cd;l l:d o" ysf;damfoaYfha
tk WmfoaY l:d o" mxp;ka;%fha
Wmud l:d o" ls%ia;= mQ¾j fooyig;a
fmr ñirfha ìys jqKq l;dka;r o"
ls%ia;= mQ¾j yh jeks ishjfiys úiQ .S%l
cd;sl jyf,lehs ie,flk Bfidmaf.a
Wmud l;d o" tfuka u .S%isfhys
,shjqKq flá fma%u jD;a;dka; o" wrdì
ksfid,a,difhys oelafjk l;dka;r o"
j¾;udk flál;dfõ mQ¾j.dó wjia:d
f,i ie,lSu újdo rys; h' bkq;a uE;
ld,fhl" bx.S%is idys;Hfha fc*aß
fpdai¾f.a lekagnß l;d iy b;d,s
cd;sl ðfhdajkaks fndleisfhdaf.a
Èleurka l;d mka;sh o j¾;udk
flál;dfõ ióm;u {d;Syq fj;s'
isxy, flál;dfõ W;am;a;s ia:dkh
.ek woyia olajk uy .;alre ud¾áka
úl%uisxy" iajlSh jy,a¨ ^1951& kue;s
flál;d ix.%yhg ‘flál;dj’ hk
ud;Dldj hgf;a ,shQ §¾> f,aLkfhys
fufia mjihs'
“wmf.a lúfld<ldrhd" ngysr fyda
fmrÈ. fyda l:d l,dj fkd oek
flál;d rpkd l< f,aLlfhls' tl,
W.;a;= .%ka:drEV mer‚ nK l;d o
mer‚ lùka rpkd l< lõfialrh"
.=;a;s,h" l=iodj wdÈ lú l;d o
lshùfuka wdiajdohlA ,enQy' thska
wdiajdohla fkd ,eìh yels fmdÿ
ckhdf.a l:d weiSfï l=yq, ÿgq
lúfld<ldrhd" ixfõ.ckl mqj;a
jia;= fldg f.k" Tjqka Wfoid lúfhka
flál;d rpkd flf<a h' w,xldr
Ydia;%h yd úhrKh úiska ;<d fm<d
ne£fuka iSud fkd lrk ,o l,amkdj;a
Yla;sh;a we;s lúfld<ldrhd" mKaä;
lùkag jvd fyd| l:dldrfhla úh' Tyq
hï lsis W.ekaula yd wdfõYhla ,eî
kï" th ck l:dfjks' ck lúfhks'˜
ngysr f,dalfha ìys jQ flál;dj o
kS;sÍ;sj,ska fkd ne÷Kq idys;Hdx.hlehs
Tyq ;j ÿrg;a fmkajd ÿkafka h'
“ngysr flál;dj fnfyúka
fjkia jQfha;a" úldikh jQfha;a th
úpdrlhkaf.a kS;sß;sj,ska fkd n¢kq
,enQ ksidh' wmQre rgj,a fidhd hd;%d
l< keúhka fuka ngysr f,aLlfhda
o" .;dkq.;sl kS;sÍ;sj,ska fkd n¢kq
,enQ l,amkdj we;af;da jQy'”
bkslaì;s j" tiufhys ^bl=;a ish jfia
ueo Nd.fha § muK&" isxy, flál;dj
jevqKq yd úldikh jQ wdldrh .ek
Tyq fufia o i|yka lrhs'
“isxy, flál;dj o ful, ye¢kaúh
hq;af;a" w;= b;sj,ska Èh ,nñka kÕsk
kÈhla f,isks' th ngysr l:dj
wdY%fhka u Wmkakla f,i i,ld
úfõpkh lsÍu jQ l,S tys jeãu" ngysr
tl u mrïmrdjl úpdrlhka ál
fofkl=ka t,an .;a kS;sÍ;sj,ska msg
fkd mekakSug lrk jEhula fjhs' yeu
w;ska Èh ,nk kÈh jvd;a fõ.fhka
nishs' ta neiSu ksid tys Èh msßisÿ fjhs'
.eUqre fjhs' bjqre m<,a fjhs'
bx.sßis l:djla wdY%fhka ,shk
,o isxy, l:dj jqj o ni" Í;sh"
f,aLlhdf.a .;s" m%;sNdj yd mßirh o
ksid .kafka mer‚ isxy, l:djg u|la
yqre iajrEmhls'”
ngysr Ñpdrlhka fmdÿfõ my;
oelafjk ish¨ u rpkd" flál;d f,i
y÷kaj;e hs" Tyq fmkajd ÿkafka h'
1' tl u isÿùula uq,a fldg f.k
rÑ; l:dj
2' pß;dx.hla ksrEmKh i|yd ,shk
,o wdLHdhsldj
3' isÿùï lsysmhla weiqßka rÑ; l:dj
4' lsishï wjia:djl ñksil=f.a is;g
keÕ=Kq yeÕSula újrKh lrkq
i|yd lrk ,o rpkh
5' flkl=f.a há isf;ys ieÕjqKq
yeÕSula fy<s flfrk újrKh
6' Wmydih yd udhd l:dj (fantasy)
fcdai*a n¾.a tikaùka kï úpdrlhd"
flá l;djla fkd jkafka ljr
,laIKj,ska hq;= m%nkaO ks¾udKhla
oehs meyeÈ,s lrkafka fï whqßks'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 5
 1' flál;dj ixlaIsma; kjl;djla
fkd fõ'
2' th WmdLHdkhla o fkd fõ'
3' th flgqïm;la fyda o< igykla
fyda fkd fõ'
4' th pß; l:djla o fkd fõ'
5' th yqÿ pß;df,aLhla o fkd fõ'
6' th yqÿ l;dka;rhla o fkd fõ'
ta lsisjla" ta f,iska u flál;djla
fkd jkafka kï" flál;djl uQ,sl
.=Kdx. ljf¾ oehs úuid n,uq' fcdai*a
n¾.a tikaùka kue;s úpdrlhd"
flál;djl ;sìh hq;= wx. y;la .ek
i|yka lrhs'
Tyq mjik wdldrhg"
flál;djla ;=<
1' ish,a, wìnjd isák tla m%n,
isoaêhla ;sìh hq;= h'
2' biau;= ù fmfkk tla m%Odk
pß;hla o ;sìh hq;= h'
3' ks¾udKlref.a mßl,amkfhka ìys
jk ks¾udKhla úh hq;= h'
4' l:d úkHdihla ;sìh hq;= h'
5' l;dfõ isoaê ud,dj tlg leá ù
;sìh hq;= h'
6' l;dfõ ixúOdkd;aul nj ;sìh
hq;= h'
7'
OdrKdfõ talSh;ajhla
hq;= h' .kakg ie,eiaùu h' m<uq jk l%uh
flál;djl ;sìh hq;= tlS wx. ,laIK
oelaùfuka miqj" fcdai*a n¾.a tikaùka
kue;s tu úpdrlhd" flál;dj
ks¾jpkh fldg olajkafka u;=
oelafjk f,isks'
“flál;dj jQ l,s wfkla
6 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
isoaëka wìnjd isák tla m%n, isoaêhla
iy biau;= ù fmfkk tla m%Odk
pß;hla wkdjrKh flfrkakd jQ o"
tlg leá ù issák l:d úkHdihlsska
hqla; jQ o" ukd wjhj ixúOdkhla
we;a;d jQ o" tal;ajfhka hqla;
OdrKdjla we;a;d jQ o flá" l,ams;
wdLHdkhls'˜
j¾;udk flál;dj" l;d úkHdih
wkqj" w;sYh úo.aO ixhq;shlska hq;=
idys;H ks¾udKhla njg m;a j ;sfnkq
oelsh yels h' fï iïnkaOfhka id¾:l
flál;djl mej;sh hq;= talSh;ajh
ms<sn|j ,sfhdka i¾fu,shka (Leon
Surmelian) kue;s úpdrlhd iajlSh
fyd| Techniques of Fiction Writing
kue;s lD;sfhys olajk woyila"
u;= i|yka h'
“tla isoaêhla wfkla ;eklg oeuQ
l,ays fyda bj;a l< l,ays fyda" l;dfõ
talShNdjh fyda mßiudma;sh m¨ÿ
jk mßoafoka l:d úkHdifha wjhj
ixia:dkh isoaO l< ukd h' hï isoaêhla
we;=¿ ùu fyda fkd ùu fyda fya;= fldg
f.k" l;dfõ m%lg f,i fjkila we;s
jkafka kï" ta isoaêh iuia;fha kshu
bkaøshhla fkd jkafka h'”
l;djla bÈßm;a lsÍfï l%u folls'
uq,a l%uh" l;dka;rhl iajrEmfhka
l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍu h' wfkla l%uh
;sìh l;dj lSfuka je<lS mdGlhdg th oel
l:kh kñka o" fojekak rEmKh
kñka o ye¢kafjhs' flál;djl §
f,aLlhd úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;af;a"
rEmK ud¾.h hs' hï f,aLlhl= rEmK
ud¾.h .%yKh lr.kakd f;la u"
ish¨ Tyqf.a l;d l,dj mQ¾K;ajhg m;a
jQfha hhs lshkq neß h'

kjl;dj
kjl;dj hkq .oHuh m%nkaOhls' th
lsis hï l;djia;=jl rduqjla ;=< isÿ
jk wjia:djkaf.a iy pß;hkaf.a
ksrEmKhla fõ' ta wkqj"
1' pß; yd wjia:d ksrEmKh
2' m%nkaO fyj;a l,ams; l;dka;r
iajrEmh
3' .oH f,aLkhla ùu'
hk wx." j¾;udk kjl;dfõ uQ,sl
wx. jYfhka y÷kd .; yels h'
f,dal idys;H b;sydih foi n,k
úg" ixl,amkd;aul fyj;a l,ams;
m%nkaOlrKfha ;=kajeks wjia:dj fia
.efkkafka" kjl;dj h' uq,ska u ìys
jQfha" ùr ldjH hs' bkaÈhdfõ jHdi
RISka úiska úrÑ; fia ie,flk uyd
Ndr;h;a" jd,aóls RISka úiska rÑ;
rdudhKh;a" .S%isfha fydau¾ úiska
mn¢k ,oehs ie,flk b,shâ iy
Täis hk uyd ldjH oajhh;a m%nkaO
idys;Hfha uq,a wjia:d fia y÷kd f.k
we;' bka wk;=rej wdfõ" fma%u ldjH
hs' th m%nkaO .Kfhys u ,d ie,flhs'
fï wkqißka f,dalfha m%nkaO
idys;Hh ;=< mefkk ;=kajeks m%nkaO
wjêh f,i" kjl;dj ìys úh'
w¨;a m%nkaOlrKh “kjl;dj” fia
ye¢kaùug mgka .eks‚' th kj,a
(Novel) fyj;a kjl;dj jkqfha"
“w¨;a” hk wre;sks' bx.S%is nig ta moh
tla jkafka" ,;ska Novellus hk joksks'
mqk¾Ôjk hq.fha uq,a wjêfha §" fï
jok jyrg tkafka" “w¨;a l;dka;rh”
hk wre; iys;j h' iqm%lg b;d,s
cd;sl ðfhdajkaks fndldIsfhda úiska
,shk ,o ‘Èleurka’ lD;sh y÷kajk
,oafoa" “fkdfj,d” (Novella) hk
joksks' zÈleurkaZ l;kaor bx.S%is nig
keÕSu;a iuÕ u" Novel hk moh"
bx.S%is nfiys jyrg meñ‚fha h'
.oHfhka ,shefjk m%nkaO l,d
úfYaIhla f,i" kjl;dj f,dal
idys;H jyrg tla jkafka tf,isks'
.oHfhka lrk ,o l,ams; m%nkaO
rpkh" mqrdK f,dalh mqrd u me;sr .sh
l,djla nj fmfka' ta lD;Ska y÷kajkq
i|yd kjl;dj hk jpkh fkd
fhÿKq kuqÿ" kjl;dfõ uQ,djia:dj
fia ie,lsh hq;= jkafka" tlS m%nkaO h'
miq ld,Skj hqfrdamSh idys;H iïm%odfha
fldgila njg m;a jQ fndfyda l;dka;r
wdrïN jQfha ñirfha h' bkaÈhdfõ §
kjl;dfõ fmr .ukalre fia y÷kd
.; yelafla" yhjeks ish jfia wmr
Nd.fha úiQ ixialD; m`äjrhl= jk
oKaãka úiska úrÑ; oY l=udr pß;h hs'
fndfyda idys;H úoaj;=ka úiska ienE u
uq,a kjl;dj f,i i,lkq ,nk f.xð
l;dka;rh" cmka cd;sl l;=jßhl jk
uqrils Islsnq wd¾hdj úiska tlf<dia
jeks ish jfia § ,shkq ,eì‚' 1935 § ta
lD;sh bx.S%is nig keÕ=fKa" The Tale
of Genji hk kñkss'
Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, mdGlhkag
“kjl;dj” kue;s l,d udOHh
ms<sn|j m<uq jrg oek .ekSug
,efnkafka" oy kj jeks ishjfia § h'
wdÈ u isxy, kjl;dlrejkag iajlSh
udOHh wjfndaO lr .ekSug uy;a
mßY%uhla oeÍug isÿ ú‚' tfia u"
isxy, mdGl ckhdg o kjl;d udOHh
jgyd .ekSug uy;a jHdhduhl fh§ug
isÿ úh' uq,a u isxy, kjl;dlrefjda
bx.S%is kjl:dfõ iajrEmh ta yeáfhka
u wkq.ukh lsÍug wiu;a jQy' flfia
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 7
 jqj o" isxy, kjl;dfõ úldYkh .ek
is;d n,k úg" uq,a u wjêfha my< jQ
kjl;dlrejkaf.ka buy;a fiajhla
isÿ jQ nj kï meyeÈ,s h' Tjqka w;ska
fulS kj l,d udOHhg iaÓridr
mokula jegq‚'
isxy, kjl;dfõ j¾;udk iajrEmfhys
uQ, îch olakg ,efnkafka 1905
jif¾ § w¨;a.uf.a ihsuka o is,ajd
úiska ,shd m< lrk ,o ókd kue;s
lD;sh ;=< h' Tyqf.a fiiq kjl;d
w;r" f;Íid iy wfma wd.u kue;s
l;d fol o olakg ,efnhs'
ókd m< jkafka 1905 jif¾ § h'
tkï" mshodi isßfiakf.a b;d iqm%lg"
tfuka u w;sYhska u ckm%sh;ajhg m;a jQ
ch;siai iy frdia,ska hk kjl;dj
m<jkag wjqreoaolg fmr h'
we;eï idys;Hfõ§ka mjik wdldrhg"
bx.S%is kjl;dfõ wdÈ l¾;Djrhd
f,i ie,flk ieuqfj,a ßpâikag"
kjl;dj l=ula oehs bx.S%is mdGlhkg
y÷kajd §fï f.!rjh ysñ jkakdla
fuka u" mshodi isßfiakg isxy,
kjl;d b;sydifhys úfYaI ia:dkhla
ysñ fjhs' uq,a u isxy, kjl;dj ,shQ ta'
ihsuka is,ajd ,shQ ókd" f;Íid yd wfma
wd.u hk kjl;d ;=fkka u" isxy,
mdGlhkag fuu w¨;a idys;Hdx.h
ms<sn|j" mshodi isßfiakf.a
kjl;dj,ska muK wjfndaOhla ,nd
.; yels ù hhs is;kq W.yg h'
mshodi isßfiakf.a fojeks kjl;dj
ksl=;a jQfha wmg fjÉp foa hk
kñks' bkslaì;s j Tyq úiska ,shk ,o
kjl;d ;re‚hlf.a fm%auh" äx.sß
ue‚ld" j,õjl m<ys,õj" úu,;siai
yduqÿrejkaf. uqo,a fmÜáh" ufyaYajÍ"
fvnr fl,a, wdÈh fõ'
8 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
mshodi isßfiak kjl;dlrKhg
msúiSfuka u| l,lg miqj" isxy,
m%nkaO b;sydifhys o¾Ykh jk
ó<Õ l;=jrhd ví,shq' ta' is,ajd h'
Tyqf.a kjl;dlrKh ms<sn|j ueoy;a
úu¾Ykhl fhfok uydpd¾h tÈßùr
irÉpkaø" iajlSh isxy, kjl;d
b;sydih yd úpdrh kue;s iqm%lg
.%ka:fhys fufia i|yka lf<a h'
“j¾;udk kjl;djka w;r úYd,
ixLHdjla" is,ajd uy;df.a lD;s h¦
Tyqf.a iEu lD;shla u uyckhd úiska
b;d wdYdfjka lshjkq ,efí' Tyqf.a
lD;s fumuK ckm%sh jQfha" tajd
ish,a,la fm%au l:d jk fyhsks' ta u;=
o fkd fõ' O¾ñIaGhd iEu úg u ch
.kakd" ÿIaghd mrdch jk" wjidkfha
§ fmïj;=ka tla jk" ufkda rdcHhlg
Tyq mdGlhd we;=¿ lrjhs' mdGlhd
yuqfjys Tyq ujd mdk ufkdauh f,dalh"
isßfiak uy;df.a f,dalh ;rï wNjH
fkd jk w;r u" ;d;a;aúl f,dalh
;rï ÿla mSvd wdÈfhka .yK jQjla o
fkd fõ' th b;d ruŒh f,dalhls'
tn÷ f,dalhl ;djld,sl jYfhka
jqj o úiSug fndfyda fokd leu;s h'
ienE f,dalfhys fuka fkd j" is,ajd
uy;df.a udhd f,dalfhys fmïj;ayq
ish¨ u ndOd uev f.k ;u ufkdar:h
bIag lr .ks;s' Tjqyq Ôú;dka;h olajd
jdikdfjka fjfi;s' Tjqkag ndOd
muqKqjkag ;e;a l< ÿIaghdg ksis
o~qjï ,efí'”
ví,shq' ta' is,ajdf.a uq,a u kjl;dj
jk isßh,;d fkdfyd;a wkd: ;re‚h
m< jkafka 1909 jif¾ § h' ta jk úg
l;=jrhdf.a jhi wjqreÿ oykjhla úh'
bka wk;=rej ,shk ,o lD;Ska w;r"
,laIañ fyj;a fkdkefik /ðksh"
le,E y|" ys`.k fld,a,d" iqfka;%d
fkdfyd;a wúpdr iuh" ffojfhda.h"
úchnd fld,a,h hk lD;Ska o cQ,s
y; iy ߧ yjäh hk ryia mÍlaIl
kjl;d fol o mdGlhskaf.a úfYaI
m%idohg ,la úh'
ud¾áka úl%uisxy isxy, kjl;d
lafIa;%hg wj;S¾K jkafka" 1914
jif¾ § rpkd l< ,S,d lD;sfhks'
ck;dj w;r mej;s ñ:Hd u; yd <dul
woyia uq,skqmqgd oeófuka" iudcfha
meje;aug o mdrïmßl l=, O¾uj,g o
ydks fkd jk wdldrfha fm%au l;djla
f.dv keÕSu" Tyqf.a wruqK jQ neõ
meyeÈ,s h'
isxy, m%nkaO l,dj kj Èidjlg
fhduq lsÍfï o" thg iqúfYaI jQ udkqIsl
w¾:hla §fï jdikd uysuh we;s
m%;sNdu;a kjl;dlrejl= f,i ud¾áka
úl%uisxy keÕS isákafka" 1925 § m< jQ
ñßÕ=j kjl;dfjks' fuu kjl;dj
uq,ska u m<j we;af;a" ñßÕ= Èh hk
kñks'
isxy, kjl;dj l,d;aul uÕlg
mssúiqfKa 1944 § ksl=;a jqKq úl%uisxyf.a
.ïfmr<sh lD;sfhka neõ wújdofhka
ms<s.efkk lreKls' kjl;dfõ úIhh
mq¿,a lsÍu;a" th ishqï l,d;aul
ks¾udKhla jYfhka w.h lsÍug
ie,eiaùu;a fuu kjl;dfjka isÿ jQ
uy;a u fiajh fjhs' kjl;djla u.ska
l;=jrhl= lsis hï Ôjk oDIaáhla
m< lsÍug .;a m%:u id¾:l jEhu o"
ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a .ïfmr<sh fj;ehs
ie,lSu" idjoH ks.ukhla fkd
fjhs' “;=ka wE÷;= kjl;dfjys” fo
fl<jfrys jk .ïfmr<sh yd hq.dka;h
tlg wEf|kafka" miqj rpkd lrk ,o"
l,shq.fhks'
.ïfmr<sh" l,shq.h yd hq.dka;h hk
;=ka we÷;= kjl;dj tlla jYfhka
.;a l," th ud¾áka úl%uisxy mßKdu
jdoh ms<sn| oerE od¾Yksl u;dka;r
ks¾udKd;aul f,i m%ldY lrk ,o
wjia:djla fia o ie,flhs'
1956 § ksl=;a jqKq ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a
úrd.h fndfyda úpdrlhkaf.a
wjOdkhg;a úu¾Ykhg;a ,la jQfha h'
isxy, kjl;d jxih ;=< wrúkao jeks
pß;hla ìys jQ uq,a u j;dj th úh'
Bg fmr tjka pß; ,laIKj,ska o"
tjka wdl,amhkaf.ka o fyì pß;hla
isxy, kjl;dj ;=< o¾Ykh fkd
ù h' tfyhska wrúkaof.a pß;h
wmQ¾jhla fia biau;=j fmks‚'
.ïfmr<sfhka miqj iudch;a" ñksia
Ôú;h;a foi ishqï wkaoñka ne,Sug iu;a
m%;sNd iïmkak kjl;dlrejka lsysm
fokl= u ìys jQ whqre oel .; yels úh'
úfYaIfhka u" .=Kodi wurfialrf.a
lreulaldrfhda ^1955& yd ud¾áka
úl%uisxyf.a úrd.h ^1956& ,sheùfuka
wk;=rej" isxy, kjl;d l;=jreka
jvd;a W;aiql jQfha" Ôú;fha we;eï
.+V ia:dk foi n,d" ta wkqj Ôú;h
h:d¾:j;aj újrKh lsÍug h' we;eï
f,aLlhl= fï m%Yak ;u ks¾udKhkays §
idOdrŒh;ajhg m;a lsÍug iu;a jQ w;r"
we;efula ta ld¾hfhys § wid¾:l jQy'
.=Kodi wurfialrf.a h<s Wmkafkñ
^1960&" uvj, tia' r;akdhlf.a mdfkka
w÷rg ^1963& jeks lD;Ska tfia wid¾:l
jQ lD;Ska yeáhg úpdrlfhda fmkajd
fo;s'
fuu l;=jreka úIhh lr .;a wfkla
m%Yakh kï" ixialD;sl .eàï h'
ixialD;sl .eàï hkqfjka fuys woyia
flfrkafka" .eñ iudcfhka kd.ßl
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 9
 iudchg ixl%uKh ùu" .fuka
úYajúoHd,hg hdu" ,xldfjka msgrglg
hdu jeks wjia:d wdY%fhka mek ke.=Kq
.eàï iuqodh hs' fuu m%Yakj,g fmdÿ
iajrEmhla §ug .;a m%h;ak w;r"
tÈßùr irÉpkaøf.a u<.sh we;af;da
^1959& j,au;a ù yirla kqÿáñ ^1962&"
isß .=kisxyf.a fyjke,a, ^1960&" fla'
ch;s,lf.a wm%ikak l;djla ^1963&
jeks lD;Ska i|yka l< hq;= jkafka
h' l,ska iudc yd ixialD;sl fjkia
ùï úIh fldg .;a isxy, kjl;dj"
miqj ,sx.sl Ôú;h u mokï fldg
f.k ke.S isákakg ;e;a lf<a jk'
t oji kjl;d l;=jreka Ôú;fha tla
m%foaYhla u n,kakg .;a ;e; ksid;a"
,sx.sl Ôú;h woaN+;hla fldg bÈßm;a
lsÍu ksid;a miq hq.fha we;eï l;=jre
kjl;dfõ kj lafIa;% fidhd hdug
fm,ö we;' uvj, tia' r;akdhlf.a
wlalr my ^1959&" ,S,a .=Kfialrf.a
fm;aiu ^1961&" w;aik ^1963& iy fla'
ch;s,lf.a pß; ;=kla ^1963& jeks
lD;Skaf.ka fy<s jkafka ta m%;sl%shdj hs'
bka wk;=rej" isxy, kjl;d f,dalhg
tla jQ ud¾áka úl%uisxyf.a lrej,
f.or ^1963&" Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a
fïOd ^1964&" pdreuqL" jro;a; iy fla'
ch;s,lf.a fof,djg ke;s wh ^1964&
jeks lD;Ska fmkajkafka" m%udo ù fyda
isxy, kjl;dfõ lafIa;%h" ;j ;j;a
mq¿,a ùug ork ,o m%h;akh hs'
bl=;a oYl myl ;rï ld,h ;=< isxy,
kjl;dj úúO Èidjkg keUqre fjñka
ixLHd;aul jYfhka w;súYd, kjl;d
l;=jreka msßila o" kjl;d w;suy;a
m%udKhla o wmf.a idys;Hhg tlaj
we;s neõ úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;=
lreKls' tf;l=ÿ jqj;a" tlS lD;Ska
10 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
w;r úYsIag ks¾udK fia y÷kd.;
yelafla w;sYhska u iaj,amhla neõ o
wu;l fkd l<ukd h'
kQ;k isxy, lúh
iïNdjH isxy, moH idys;Hfha
ksudj;a iu`. ;;ald,Sk foaYmd,ksl"
iudchSh yd ixialD;sl miqìu mdol
lr .ksñka 19 jk ish jfia w. yd 20
jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha § muK zkQ;k
isxy, lúfhaZ iudrïNh isÿ fjhs'
mqrd;k moH idys;Hfhys jQ wd.ñl
uqyqKqjr mQ¾j ksYaÑ; ldjH wdlD;sh"
NdIdj yd w,xldr Ndú;fhys jQ kshuhka
l%ufhka fjkia ù fuu hq.fha § lúh
iuld,Sk foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól" iudÔh
yd ixialD;sl fjkia ùïj,g iu.dój
ìys jQfha h' lúfha wd.ñl uqyqKqjr"
fmdÿ ckhdf.a f,!lsl w;aoelSï yd
yeÕSï m%;sks¾udKh lrd ú;eka fjoa§
NdIdfõ jQ mKaä; m%sh jQ úo.aO Ndjh
l%ufhka jHjydßl NdIdjg ióm
úh' lúiuhdkq.; w,xldr yd Í;SSka
fjkqjg fmdÿ ck iqLdjfndaOh yd
wruqKq idOkh Wfoid jQ w,xldr
yd Í;Ska fj; lùyq keUqre jQy'
uqøK ;dlaIKfha wd.ukh;a iu.
lúh fmdÿ ck iudch w;r ckm%sh
idys;H udOHhla njg l%ufhka m;a
úh' tf;la mej;shd jQ iïNdjH moH
idys;Hfha yd bka miq fmdÿ ck
idys;Hhla lrd ú;eka jQ lúfha
fkd u| fmdaIKh;a ngysr idys;Hfha
m%n, wdNdih;a ,nñka th isÿ úh'
kQ;k lúfha m%:u Nd.fha lùka
w;r mshodi isßfiak" wdkkao
rdclreKd" Ô' tÉ' fmf¾rd yd tia'
uyskao ysñ m%uqL fj;s' tjlg hg;a
úð;lrKhg ,laj isá Y%S ,dxflah
ck;dj tu udkisl;ajfhka uqojd
.kq jia ‘cd;Hkqrd.h’ l=¿.ekafjk
ldjH nkaOkh lsÍug fuu hq.fha §
m%uqL;ajh ysñ úh' ta i|yd flakaøh
jYfhka <uhd fhdod .;a nj by;
lùkaf.a ldjH iuqÉp ksÍlaIKh
lsÍfï § úYo fjhs' tu hq.fha lúh
fjfiiska u fufyh jQfha hq.fha
wjYH;dj fjkqfjks' tfyhska fuu
ldjH wOHhkh l< hq;af;a ta ta lú
yqfol,dj .ksñka fkdj hq.fha iudc
miqìu flfrys iú{dksl fjñks'
ñka miq wjêh b;d m%n, f,i lúh
fmdÿ ckhdg ióm jQ ld, jljdkqjla
f,i ie,lsh yels h' id.r m,kaiQßh
^flahia&" úu,r;ak l=udr.u" mS'î'
w,aúia fmf¾rd" î' tÉ' wurfiak"
óuk fm%au;s,l" tÉ'tï' l=v,s.u" Y%S
pkaør;ak udkjisxy hk lùyq fuu
hq.h ksfhdackh l<y' m%udKd;aulj
b;d úYd, ixLHdjla lú ,shejqKq fuu
hq.fha lúh ck;dj w;r m;< ùu
flfrys uqøK Ys,amfha ÈhqKqj Rcqj
n, mEfõ h' lú fmd;a" lú i`.rd" lú
fld< iq,n jQ fuu hq.fha fndfyda lùyq
ngysr frduekaála lùkaf.a wdNdih
fkd u|j ,oy' ta wkqj Tjqkaf.a lúh
Bg mQ¾j hq.fha lùka f.ka fnfyúka
fjkia úh' jia;= úIh úúO ùu;a NdIdj
ir, yd iq.u ùu;a Ndj f.dapr Wmud
rEmlj,ska iukaú; ùu;a fuys úfYaI
,laIK f,i oelaúh yels h' ia;s%h
yd ia;%SmqreI fm%auh fi!kao¾hd;aulj
Ñ;%Kh lsÍug fndfyda lùka fm,UqKq
w;r mqoa., yd iudc w;aoelSï udkj
ohdfjka hqla;j m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug
fudjqyq ksn|j u W;aidy .;ay'
kQ;k lúh iïnkaOj i,ld ne,Sfï §
‘fy< yjq,’ idlÉPdjg Ndckh l< hq;=
fjhs' l=udr;=x. uqksodi m`äjrhdf.a
mqfrda.dó;ajfhka werUqKq jHdlrK
Ydia;%h iïnkaO oeä u;OdÍ .=re
l=,hla jk fuys isxy, lúh flfrys
ie,lssh hq;= odhl;ajhla iemhQ lùyq
lsysm fofkla o fj;s' iajlSh NdId
u;jdo ks¾udK ld¾hfha § mjqrla jqj o
iQlaIauj ksÍlaIKfha úYsIag ks¾udKYS,S
m%;sNdjla l=udr;=x. uqksodi" wßfika
wyqnqÿ" /hsmsh,a f;kakfldaka jeks
lùkaf.a ks¾udKj,ska ms<sìUq fjhs'
by; wjëkays lúfha jQ ÿn,;d y÷kd
.ksñka udkj yd iudc w;aoelSï
m%;sks¾udKh lrkq jia kjuq ldjH
m%ia;=;" NdId yd Í;Ska fuka u
w,xldr iïm%odhl ld,Sk wjYH;dj
ld,Skj mek k.sñka ;snQ hq.hl Ô' î'
fiakdkdhl m,s .ekSu ^1948& kï jQ
iajlSh flá l;d iuqÉphg wka;¾.;
fldg “.oHh;a moHh;a w;r rpkd
úfYaIhla” f,i kï lrñka ‘ksoyia
moH’ wdlD;sh lúhg y÷kajd fohs'
isß .=kisxy Tyq úiska u ‘nqoaê f.dapr
ldjH’ f,i y÷kajd fok ksi|eia ldjH
iïm%odh o ìysjkafka óg ;odikak
ld,hl § h' 1956 § uia f,a ke;s weg
hkqfjka ldjH .%ka:hla m%ldYhg m;a
l< isß .=kisxy “lúfhys we;af;a
nqoaêfhka .%%yKh lr .; hq;= ye`.Sï
yd woyia h” hk u;fhys ;rfha t,an
isáfhls' Tyq lúh kjuq udj;lg m%fõY
lsÍfï ke;s kï isjq mo wdlD;sfhka
ñ§ kjH ldjH iïm%odhlg m%fõY
lsÍfï ld¾hfha § m%n, ueÈy;alrejd
f,i ye¢kaùu idjoH fkd fõ' fufia
wdrïN jQ ‘ksi|eia ldjH’ iïm%odfhys
we;eï ÿn,;d mej;=K;a lú ri ú¢k
ckhdg th wd.ka;=l w;aoelSula úh'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 11
 ta wkqj ksi|eia lúfhys ksfIaOkSh
,laIK neyer lrñka idOkSh
,laIK Wlyd .ksñka" iïNdjH
isxy, moH idys;Hfhka o ck ldjH
iïm%odfhka o" úfoaYSh lúfhka o fkd
u| wdNdih ,nñka kQ;kh olajd lúh
/f.k wd mqfrda.dóka f,i .=Kodi
wurfialr yd uy.u fialr hk
lùka fo m< ie,lsh yels h' uy.u
fialr .;a ud¾.h wkqj .sh r;ak YS%
úfÊisxy" ohdfiak .=Kisxy" mrdl%u
fldä;=jlal=" fudksld rejkam;srK
12 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
jeks lùkag yd lsú¢hkag kQ;k
lú flf;ys m%uqLia:dkhla ysñ
fõ' kQ;kfhys § lúh w¾:mQ¾K
yd NdjmQ¾K udOHhla njg m;a
lsÍfuys ,d kkaok ùrisxy" huqkd
ud,skS fmf¾rd" tßla b,hma wdrÉÑ
jeks lúfhda yd lsú¢fhda mqfrda.dó jQy'
ta w;r ,laYdka; w;=fldar<" uxcq,
fjäj¾Ok" uyskao m%idoa uiabUq,"
iqy¾IŒ O¾ur;ak jeks ;reK lùyq o
fj;s'
 2 l=i cd;lh
Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a mQ¾j
W;am;a;s l;d lshkakd jQ jD;a;dka;
fyj;a mQ¾j pß; l;d cd;l l;d
kï fõ'
cd;l l;d ieliS we;af;a mer‚
Ndr;Sh iudch wdY%h lr f.k h'
tfy;a ld,jljdkqj ms<sn| úúO
u; mj;S' nqoafOda;amdo ld,hg;a
fmr mgka u meje;s l;d miq l,l
cd;l l;d njg m;a jQ nj tla
u;hls' nqÿka jykafiaf.a YS% uqL
foaYkd f,i cd;l l;d ish,a,
ìys jQ njg o u;hla mj;S' flfia
fj;;a ;s%msglfha iQ;% msglfha Lqoaol
ksldfha fmd;a 15 w;rg cd;l l;d
wh;a fõ' nqÿka jykafia flf¾ ;snQ
wp, Nla;sh ksid wkdÈu;a ld,hla
mqrd uqL mrïmrdkq.;j fïjd
mej;s‚'
uyskaod.ukh;a iu. ,laÈjg
f.k tkq ,enQ fï l;d ck;dj
w;r ckms%h úh' fï fya;=j ksid
l=reKE., rdcOdks iufha y;rjk
merl=ïndjkaf.a wkq.%yfhka md,sfhka
mej;s tu l;d ir, isxy,hg
mßj¾;kh lr we;' tf;la md,s
NdIdfjka ;snQ “md,s cd;lÜG l:dj”
isxy,hg ke.Su ùrisxy m%;srdc
wud;H;=udf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka isÿ jQ
nj uyd jxifha i|yka fõ' mkaish
mkia cd;l fmdf;ys we;af;a l;d
547ls' th l;d 550laj meje;s njg o
úoaj;a u;hla mj;S'
l=reKE., wjêh
fuu l;d ish,af,a u wdlD;suh
jYfhka iudk;ajhla ;sfí' j;auka
l;dj" w;S; l;dj yd ifudaOdkh
ms<sfj<ska we;=<;aj ;sîu tu
,laIKh hs' j;auka l;dfõ nqÿka
jykafia jev isák w;r w;S;
l;dfõ fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a
pß;h yuq fõ' ifudaOdkh hkq
j;auka w;S; l;d .e<mSu hs'
fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a YS,h"
{dkh" ù¾hh" bjiSu" ;Hd.jka;
nj wdÈh w;S; l;dfjka ksrEms; h'
tu.ska Wmfoia iemhSu" iqpß;fhys
w.h fmkajd §u isÿ flf¾' foõ
ñksia i;a;aj pß; w;S; l;dfjka
yuq fõ' l¾uh" mqk¾Njh ms<sn|
fmkajd§u;a cd;l l;dj,ska isÿ
flf¾' t ksid i¾jld,Sk njla
;sfí'
fuu l;d jia;=j, idys;Huh
jákdlula o we;' .+V ñksia is;
újrKh lsÍu tys,d jeo.;a fõ' ta
l;d weiqfrka ,shd we;s fmd;-m;
fndfyda h' úydr Ñ;%" uQ¾;s"
ldjH" kdgl" <ud l;d" iskud
mg i|yd o cd;l l;d miqìï lr
f.k we;' cd;l l;d nd, uy¨
mKaä; ljrl=g jqj o lshùfuka o
weiSfuka o ri ú¢h yels h' cd;l
fmd; lshùfuka ñksfil=g jir
200la Ôj;a ù ,nk w;aoelSï ,nd.;
yels nj uyd .;alre ud¾áka
úl%uisxy i|yka lr ;sfí' “l=i
cd;lh” cd;l fmdf;a we;s 523 jk
l;dx.h hs'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 13
 Ydikh flf¾ l,lsreKq NslaIqka
jykafia flkl=ka wrnhd th foaYkd
lr we;'
ia;S%ka flf¾ oeä rd. is;a we;s lr
.ekSu f;aciska msßyS fkdfhla
úkdYhkag uqyqK mEug fya;= jk
nj j;auka l;dfjka fmkajd fohs'
tu ixisoaêh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd l=i
rcq ms<sn| w;S; l;dj bÈßm;a lr
we;' ia;s%h ms<sn| mer‚ iudcfha
mej;s wdl,amh;a fuu woyig mdol
;j o oin,OdÍ jQ iqrdiqrjrpl%pdre
pQvduŒuÍÑi`[aphmßpqïì; prKhq.,
we;s i¾j{hka jykafia ieje;akqjr
iómfhys jQ fÊ; kï rdc l=udrhkaf.a
Whkays wfkams`vq uyisgdKka úiska
isõmkia fl<la Ok úhoï fldg lrjd
ms<s.kajk ,o rd;%sia:dk Èjdia:dk
pxl%uK uKavm ud,ld§ka úrdcudk
jQ moafuda;am, l=j,hl=uqol,aydr
l=iqfudamfYdaNs; mqIalrŒka ruH jQ
N=ñm%foaY we;s fÊ;jk uyúydrfhys
ÈjH n%yau wd¾h B¾hdm: úyrKfhka
ojia hjk fiala iiafkys Wlg,S jQ
tla;rd NslaIq flfkl=ka wrNhd fï
l=i cd;l O¾u foaYkdj jod< fial'
ta flfia o h;a@
ieje;a kqjr jikakd jQ tla;rd
l=, mq;%fhla nqÿ iiafkys fh§ uyK
j tla ojila ieje;akqjr ms~q is`.d
weúÈfka h" i¾jdNrK úN+Is; jQ tla
ud;=.duhl= oel iqNksñ;a; .%yKfhka
n,d laf,aYji`.j Ydikfhys
we¨ï ke;sj Èla jQ kshflia yd
bms¨Kq kyrnyka ls¨gq jQ isjqre yd
iqÿue,s jQ isrere we;sj jikafka h'
hï fia ÈjHf,dalfhka pq; jkakd jQ
ÈjHmq;%hkag me,¢ u,a u,dksl ùu h"
14 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
ù we;' l=i cd;lh w;=re l;djlska
o iukaú; fõ' mndj;shf.a rEm
fYdaNdfjka u;aj f;acdkaú; l=i
ne,fufyjr lsÍug mjd fm,fUk
whqre ydiH rih uqiq lrñka fuys
úia;r flf¾' l=i cd;lh j;auka
iudchg mjd .=re fldg .; yels fõ'
bka oelafjk oyï m‚úvhg;a jvd
bka cks; jk idys;H rih ksid
u ,dxlsl ck iudcfha uq,a nei
f.k we;s nj i|yka l< yels h'
Èj i¿ ls¨gq ùu h" YÍrh ÿ¾j¾Khg
meñŒu h" folsis,af,ka vd jeySu h
ÈjH f,dalfhys wd,h u| ùu h hk
fï mxp mQ¾j ksñ;a;fhda my< fjoao
t mßoafoka u Wlg,S jQ is;a we;sj
Ydikfhka msßfykq leu;s NslaIQkag;a
ieoE kue;s u,a u,dksl ùu h ms<s
is,a ls¨gqùu h lerjeyeï yd kq.=K
me;sfrñka úrEm njg meñŒu h" laf,aY
kue;s vd jEySu h" úfõlia:dkfhys
fkd we,Su h hk mxpmQ¾j ksñ;a;fhda
my< jkakdy' ta uyK yg o tlshk
,o mia jeoEreï jQ .=Kfhda o my<
jQy' tnj oek fiiq NslaIQka jykafia
ta uyK fkd leue;s lrjd nqÿka
iómhg le|jd f.k f.dia “iajdóks" uQ
Ydikfhys Wlg,S jQ” hhs oelajQ fial'
tl, i¾j{hka jykafia “uyK ;d
Ydikfha Wlg,S jQfha oe”hs úpdrd
jodrd ienEhe iajdóks hs oekajQ l,ays
“uyK laf,Y ji`.j fkd mj;=j'
fï ud;=.dufhda kï múgq i;a;aj
flfklehs Tjqka flfrys ms<sn| is;a
yer Ydikfhys we,S jdih lrj ia;%Ska
flfrys ms<sn| is;a ksid f;ciaù jQ;a
mqrd;kfhys kqjKe;af;da f;aciska msßyS
fkdfhla jHdikhg meñ‚hdyq fjoaoe˜hs
jodrd NslaIQka jykafia úiska wdrdê;
jQ mrÿlaLÿlaÅ; jQ lreKd ksOdk jQ
;sf,da.=re nqÿrcdKka jykafia lv;=rdjla
my fldg úÑ;% Ñ;%l¾udka;hla
olajk flfkl=ka mßoafoka Njfhka
m%;sÉPkak jQ bl=;aj;a l:dj lD;hq.
uyfï>hla ke.S jiakd l,la fuka
f.k yer olajd jodrk fiala'
hg.sh oji u,, rg l=idj;S kï kqjr
Tlaldl kï rÊcqre flfkla oi rdc
O¾ufhka oeyefuka rdcH lrkakdy'
Tyqf.a fidf<dia oyila mqrx.kdjkag
m%Odk jQ iS,j;S kï w.fufyiqka
ìfida flfkla jQy' ¥ mq;a ore flfkla
ke;a;dy' tl, kqjr jeiafida yd
rdcH jdiSyq yd mqrfodrg /iaj rg
kiafka h úkiafka hhs uy;a fldg
flda,dy, l<dyq h' ta flda,dy, weiQ
rÊcqrefjda iSueÿre ljq¿j yrjd “ud
rdcH lrñka isáh § wkHdhla lrk
flfkla ke;a;dy' l=ula ksid
fudr.jqoe”hs úpd<y'
tl, Tjqka úiska “ienj" foajhka
jykai" wO¾uldÍ flfkla ke;' jxY
mßmd,kh lrkag ksis ore flfkla
ke;a;dy' wksla flfkla wm rdcHh
werf.k wO¾ufhka rdcHh ki;s' ta
ldrKfhka oeyefuka rdcHh lrkag
ksis mq;Kq flfkl=ka me;=j uekje”hs
lSy' ti| rÊcqrefjda o orejka m%d¾:kd
lrkakd jQ ud úiska l=ula lghq;=
oehs úpd<dyq h' “foajhka jykai" kqU
jykafiaf.a ;=ka jeoEreï jQ kdgl
i;S%kaf.ka m<uq fldg /lj,a we;s j
msg; bkakd jQ iq¿ k¿ uq¿ /lj,a yer
ia;S%ka is; fia weúokdj yer jod<
uekj' bÈka bka tla flfkla ore
flfkl=ka ,oaod kï uekj' ke;akï
blaì;s w.fufyiqka ìijqka jykafia
yer wjfYaI ia;%Ska y< uekj'
taldka;fhka fuf;la fokd w;=frka
l=i,a we;s flfkla ore flfkl=ka
,n;s”hs lSjdyq h' tl, rÊcqrefjda
Tjqkaf.a niska tf,i lrjd;a ore
flfkl=ka fkd ,Èka fkd i;=gq jQy'
kej; kqjr jeiafida /ia j flda,dy,
l<dy' ta wid rÊcqrefjda “f;dm yeu
lSfuka mqrx.kdjka /lj,a yrjd;a
tf;la fokdf.ka ore flfkl=;a ,;a
flfkl=;a ke;' oeka l=ula lrfuda
oehs úpdrd Tjqka úiska “foajhka
jykai" fï ish¨ ia;S%yq ÿrdpdÍ l=i,a
u| i;aj flfkl' fudjqkag ore mska
ke;ehs kqUjykafia ksre;aidy kqjqj
uekj' w.fufyiqka jQ iS,j;S foaùka
jykafia iS,dpdr iïmkak fial' Wka
jykafia /lj,ska y< uekj' ore
flfkla we;s fj;” lS i| rÊcqrefjda
tnia ms<sf.k kqjr jeishka /ia lrjd
iS,j;S foaùkajykafia i¾jdNrKfhka
irid ud,s.dfjka msg;a l<dyq h'
tflfKys ìijqkaf.a iS,dkqNdjfhka
Yl% foafõkaøhkaf.a mdKavqlïn,
ffY,dikh Wka fkd lue;s mßoafoka
yqKq úh' tflfKys óg ldrKd lsïfoda
fyda hs ;ukaf.a oyila kqjKeia fufyhd
n,d iS,j;S foaùka orejka m;k kshdj
oek “ud úiska Wkag ore flfkl=ka
Èh hq;=”h is;d ish¨ ;õ;sid Njkh
n,d f.k f.dia thska pq; j u;af;ys
ÈjH f,dalhg hkq leu;sj isáhd jQ
fndaêi;a;ajhka oel Yl%foafõkaøfhda
Tyqf.a úuka fodrg f.dia “in|
f;dm úiska ukqIHf,dalhg f.dia
Tlaldl rÊcqrejkaf.a w.fufyiqka
ìijqka l=i ms<sis| .; hq;= hhs lshd
.súiajd wka ÈjH mq;%fhl=;a tf,i u
.súiajd “ljqre;a ìijqkaf.a iS,fNaoh
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 15
 fkd flfr;aj”hs is;d ;=uQ uy¨ nuqKq
fjila ujd f.k rÊcqrejkaf.a ud<s.d
fodrg .shdyq h' ti| /ia jQ fndfyda
fok ta Yl% n%dyauKhd oel “l=ula ksid
f;da fu;kg wdfhys oe”hs hkd§ka
mßNj neK úpd<dy'
ta wid Yl%foafõkaøfhda o “l=ula ksid
ug kskaod lrjq o YÍrh crm%dma;
muKla úkd rd.h ;reK jkafka h'
bÈka iS,j;S foaùka ,Èka kï f.k
fhñ hs is;d wdñ” lshd ;ukaf.a
wdkqNdjfhka yeufokdg fmrgqj
isgf.k msg;a jQ ìijqka w; w,ajdf.k
ta ish¨ ckhd kskaod mßNj lrñka
isáh § kslauqKdyq h' ti| ìiõ o
fï uy¨ nuqKq ud f.k hkafka hhs
ms<sl=f,ka fm,S ,Êcdjg meñ‚fhda h'
rÊcqrefjda o nuqKq ud,a,d úiska f.k
hk ,o ìijqka oel fkd i;=gq jQ
h' blaì;s Yl%foafõkaøfhda ìijqka
werf.k kqjr jdi,ska msg;a j jdi,a
iómfhys mkjk ,o o`vqueis we;s yrkd
,o fodr me,,s we;s me,am;la ujd ta
me, iómhg .sfhda h' tl, ìiõ “fï
kqUf. f.or oe”hs úpdrd nuqKq úiska
“tfia h fid÷r m<uq uu Wol,dfhñ'
oeka wms fo fokfuda jQïy' tfyhska ud
id,a ud¿ wdÈh is`.d f.k tk f;la fï
ueiafia jefodje”hs lshd ìijqka weÕ
fudf,dl;ska msßueo Èjmyia m;=rejd
ksÈ .kajd Èjmyia ,en úix{j ksokag
jka i| ;ukaf.a wdkqNdjfhka ìijqka
;õ;sid Njkhg f.k f.dia iryk
,o ÈjH úudkfhlays w;=rk ,o Èj
hykays i;mamd Æy'
blaì;s ìiõ i;shlska msìo tys
ÈjH f,dalfhys iïm;a oel “fï
ud f.kdfha ñksfila fkd fjhs
Yl% foafõkaøfhda jke”hs is;d hykska
16 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
ke.S fkdfhla Èj k¿jka úiska
msßjrk ,ÿj mri;= rel uq, m~qq
weUq,ai, wiafkys b| Èj biqre ú¢kdjQ
ilafoõrcyq lrd f.dia je| tl;amiaj
isáfhda h'
tl, Yl% foafõkaøfhda “f;dmg
jrodkhla foñ" leu;s jrhla b,ajd
.ke”hs lSy' tnia wid i;=gq jQ ìiõ
“foajhka jykai mq;% jrhla ÿk
uekje”hs b,ajQ h' tl, Yl%foafõkaøfhda
“foaùks tla flfkl=ka ;nd orejka
fokafkl= foñ' n, bka tla flfkla
kqjKe;sj rE ke;s fj;s' tla flfkla
rE we;sj kqjK ke;s fj;s' Tjqka
fo fokdf.ka m<uqj ljqreka ,nkakd
oe”hs úpdrd “kqjKe;s ;eke;a;ka m<uq
j ,nkakd leue;af;ñ” lS i| tnia
Yl% foafõkaøfhda ms<sf.k tìijqkag
l=i ;K ñgla o Èj i¿jla o Èj i÷ka
yrhla o mri;= uodrd u,a o fldlko
kï ùKdjla o § ìijqka le|jd
f.k wjq;a rÊcqrejkaf.a Y%S hyka
.nvdjg jeo rÊcqrejka yd tla hyka
lrjd ;udf.a mh uymg we`.s,af,ka
ìijqkaf.a fmlksh msßueo iqrmqrg
u ke.S .shdy' tflfKys mqrk ,o
fndaêiïNdr we;s wm uy fndai;dfKda
;õ;sid Njkfhka pq;j wjq;a iS,j;S
foaùka nv ms<sis| .;ay'
ìijqka ;uka l=i ore .en msysá nj
o;ay' blaì;s rÊcqrefjda msìo ìijqka oel
“foaùks ljqreka úiska f.khk,o oe”hs
úpdrd Yl% foafõkaøhka úiskehs lSl,
“fï lsfula o uy¨ nuqfKl= f.k.sh
kshdj uu Èáñ' l=ula lshd ug j<yd
lshõ oe”hs lsjq h" “foajhka jykai"
woyd .; uekj" Yl% foafõkaøfhda ud
yer f.k ÈjHf,dalhg .shdyqh”hs fo
fjks ;=ka fjks j;a lshd .súiajd,sh
fkd yS Yl%foafõkaøhka úiska fok ,o
l=i ;K yd Èj i¿ wdÈh mE .súiajd
Æy' “jkakdg Yl% foafõkaøfhda f;dm
f.k .sfhda h' ore flfkl=ka ,ÿoe”hs
úpdrd “tfia h foajhka jykai" ore
flfkl=ka ,Èñ lsjq h'” tnia wid
i;=gq jQ rÊcqrefjda ìijqkag .n
fmryr ÿkay'
blaì;s ta ìijq o l%ufhka oi
tlvuila wejEfuka mq;Kq flfkl=ka
je¥y' ta l=udrhdyg l=i l=udrfhda
hhs kï ;=nQy' ta l=i l=udrhka mshjr
k.d weúÈkd ld,fhys wksla ÈjH
mq;%fhla foõ f,dúka wjq;a ìijqka
l=i Wmkay' ´yg chïm;S hhs kï
;=nQy' ta rdc l=udrjre fofok uy;a jQ
fmryßka fmrvui i| fia u jeäúh
meñ‚hdy' uyd fndaêi;a;ajfhda ;uka
kqjKe;s fyhska ish¨ Ys,amhka u
wdpdÍ flfkl=kaf.ka fkd bf.k
ish kqj‚ka u oek ksu jQy' blaì;s
uyd fndaêi;a;ajhka fidf<dia yeúßÈ
jhig meñ‚ l,ays msh rÊcqrefjda
l=udrhka rdcHfhys wNsfIal lrkq
leu;sj ìijqka le|jd “foaùks" f;dmf.a
mq;Kqjka wNsfIal lrjd kdgl ia;%Ska
yd ftYaj¾h mdjd § Ôj;a jkakd jQ wms
rdÊcfhys msysáhdyqf.a Y%S úN+;sh ol=ïy'
fï uq¿ oUÈj hï rclayqf.a ÿjl leu;s
fõ o Wka f.kajd w.fufyiqka lrïy"
ljr rÊcqreflfkl=kaf.a l=udßldjl
leue;af;da o Wkaf.a wNsm%dh oek
lshj”hs lSy' ìijqka hym;ehs .súi
l=udrhkag fumj;a lshd wNsm%dh úpdrd
f.k tjhs lshd lïñ;a;l hjQy' ta
ia;%S f.diska fndaêi;a;ajhkag tmj;a
lsjq h' ta wid uy fndai;dfKda “uu
rE ke;af;ñ' rEmY%Ska hqla; jQ rdc
l=udßldjla f.fkk ,o kï ud oel
hll= fuka úrEm jQ fudyq f.ka ug
lï lsï oehs m,d hkakS h' ta wmg
,Êcd lghq;= jkafka h' tfyhska ug
.Dy jdifhka m%fhdack ke;' udmsh
fo fokd Ôj;a jk f;la Wmia:dk
fldg .=re fo fokd wejEfuka f.dia
uyK fjï h is;d uyfndaêi;a;ajfhda
;ukaf.a fï woyi ta lïñ;a;shg
lsjq h' ´ f;dfuda f.dia tmj;a ìijqkag
lsj' ìijq tmj;a rÊcqrejkag lSy' ta
wid rÊcqrefjda fkd i;=gqj kej;
lSm ojilska tf,i u lshd hjq h'
fndaêi;ajfhda fkd lue;af;a hhs ;=ka
h,la j<ld i;r fjks jdrfhys fo
ujqmshka lSjd fkd fldg jrojd ms<sme§u
lghq;= fkd fjhs" Bg ksis Wmfoila
flfrñhs is;d uyd fndaêi;ajfhda
;rd,a fogqjl= le|jd fndfyda r;arka
§ tla ia;%SrEmhla fldg f.fkjhs lshd
Tyq kslaujd ;=uq r;arkska ia;S% rEmhla
lf<da h'
fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a wNsm%dh is;+
me;+ f,i u isoaO jk neúka ta rkarej
lshd ksuúh fkd yels rEmfYdaNd
we;af;a úh' tl, uy fndaêi;a;ajfhda
ta rkarej iqr;a flduq ms<shla w|jd
Y%S hyka .¾Nfhys isgjQy' blaì;s
fndaêi;a;ajfhda ;rd, weÿrd úiska
f.fkk ,o rkarejg kskaod fldg
“hj" wmf.a .¾Nfhys ;=nQ iaj¾K rEmh
f.fkjhs iaj¾Kldrhdyg ksfhda.
lf<a h' ti| ta f.dia Y%S hyka .¾Nhg
jeo ta rkarej oel l=udrhka jykafia yd
iu. l%Svd ms‚i wd ÈjHmairdjla jkehs
is;d w; Èlalrkag;a fkd fmdai;aj
fndaêi;a;ajhka lrd f.dia “foajhka
jykai ìijqka jykafia ;ksj jevisá
fihska jeoao fkd fyñhs lS h' kej;
fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska “weÿr" t
rkarej iel ke;sj yer f.k tjhs
lshd hjk ,ÿj f.dia f.kdfha h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 17
 blaì;s fndaêi;a;ajfhda nvd,d f.kd
r;%ka rej .fnys ,d ;uka l< rej
wdNrK wdÈka iryd r: hdkdfjlays
;nd “fun÷ rEmY%S we;s flfkl= ,Èka
kï mdjd .ksñ” lshd rkarej uE‚hka
iómhg hjQy' ta oel ìiõ i;=gq
j wud;Hhka /ia lrjd “i.fhks"
umq;Kqfjda kï uymske;a;dy' Yl%
foafõkaøhka úiska fok ,o flfkl'
tfyhska iqÿiq l=udßld flfkl=ka
,efn;s' f;ms yeu fï rkarej ms<sika
r: hdkdfjl ;nd f.k uq¿ oUÈj
weúÈñka hï rÊcqre flfkl=kaf.a
fun÷ rE we;s l=udßldjl ÿgq kï ta
rcyg fï rka rej § Tlaldl rÊcqrejka
jykafia kqUjykafia yd iu. újdy
iïnkaOhla lrkq leu;s fiale”hs lshd
ojiaa kshu fldg tjhs ksfhda. l<dyq
h'
ti| ta ksfhda. ,o weu;sfhda uy
fmryßka u ta rkarej yer f.k
weúÈkdyq hï kqjrlg meñfKoao tys
ijia fõf,ys fndfyda fokd /ia jk
f;kl ta rej jia;%dNrK l=iqud§ka
iryd rkaisúf.fhlays ;nd meka
f;dgg hk tk uxyi isgqjd ;=uQ bj;a j
hkq tkakka nia wikq ms‚i ieÕ ù
isákdy' tl, fndfyda fok ta rej
oel rkarejlehs fkd oek “ukqIHjQ;a
fuda f;dfuda ÈjHmairdj fuka b;d
fydnkS h' fuda f;dfuda fldhs isg
wjqoehs l=ula ksid fu;k isáhd o
wmf.a kqjr fun÷ rEmY%S we;s flfkla
ke;ehs hkd§ka m%Yxid flfrñka
hkakdy' tl, wud;Hfhda “bÈka
fukqjr fun÷ jQ l=udßld flfkla
we;akï wfida rÊcqrejkaf.a wfida
wud;Hhkaf.a Èh‚hka jeksfhda hhs
lsh;s' tf,i fkd lSfha taldka;fhka
fun÷ rE we;s flfkl=ka fukqjr
18 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
ke;s fyhske”hs ta rej yer f.k wksla
kqjrlg hkakdy' fï f,i l%ufhka
f.dia uÿrg id., kqjrg meñ‚hdyq h'
tkqjr uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a ÈjH ia;%Ska yd
iudkj W;=ï jQ rEmfYdaNd we;s ¥ wg
fofkla we;' Tjqka weufokdg jeäud¨
m%Ndj;Sf.a YÍrfhka yeu fõf,ys u
nd,d¾lrYañhg n÷ jQ meye úysÿfKa
h' >kdkaOldr jQ;a rd;%sfhys i;rßhka
f.fhlays m%§mdf,dalhla ke;sj
YÍrdf,dalfhka u tldf,dal jkafka h'
Wkag lsßujq jQ l=ÿ f;dfuda m%Ndj;Skag
kyk meka f.fkk ms‚i ia;%Ska wg
fofkl= ,jd rka l< wgla f.kajdf.k
ijia fõf,ys mekg hkakS" Tlaldl
rÊcqrejkaf.a rkarej f.kd mqreIhka
úiska uxyi isgqjk ,o rej oel
m%Ndj;S hhs hk is;ska <Õg f.dia “fï
fkd lSlre orefjda wm mekg tjd ;=uQ
fï fõf, m<uq fldg wjqÈka fu;k
isáfhda h' rcl=,hg mßNj Wmojkakd
jQ fl,a," bÈka rÊcqrejka jykafia
o;a fiala ù kï wm yeu kid mshk
fiale”hs lshd lsmS fldmq,f;ys myrla
.eiqj' tflfKys w;a, me,S hk l,la
mßoafoka fõokdjg meñK rka rejlehs
oek ,Êcdj iskdfiñka “n,. ud l<
fohl' uï uf.a Èh‚hlehs is;d myrla
.eiSñ' fuda f;du udf.a orejkaf.a
rejg l=ula w.S o udf.a w;g wdhdi jQ
muKle”hs ;ud yd tlaj .shjqkag lsj'
tnia wid rdc ¥;fhda “udf.a Èh‚fhda
óg;a jvd rE we;a;dyhs lshkakdyq f;ms
l=ula lshõoe”hs úpd<dyq h'
tl, Tjqkag fï rkarej uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a
Èh‚hka m%Ndj;Skaf.a rEmY%Ska
fidf<diajk l,dfjka l,djl=;a fkd
y`.fka hhs l=o lsj' Tyq tnia wid
i;=gqj rcf.hs jdi,g f.dia Tlaldl
rcacqrejkaf.ka wd ¥;fhda jdi,
isáhdyqh”hs uÿ rÊcqrejkag lshd hjqy'
tnia wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda Wkiafkka
ke.S isg “f.fkj f.fkj”hs jyd
f.kajd .k ÿgy' tl, ¥;fhda “foajhka
jykai" wmf.a rÊcqrejka jykafia
kqU jykafiaf.a iqjÿla úpd< fial'”
hkd§ka l:d fldg lrk ,o iïNdjkd
we;sj rÊcqrejka úiska “l=ula ms‚i
wjq oe”hs úpd< l,ays “wmf.a rÊcqrejka
jykafiaf.a isxy .¾ckdjg n÷ jQ
wNS; kdo we;s l=i kï l=udrfhla
we;' wmf.a rÊcqrejka jykafia Wka
jykafiag rdcHh fokq leu;s fiala"
kqU jykafia iómhg tjQ fial' kqU
jykafiaf.a m%Ndj;S kï l=udßldjka
jykafia fï rkarej úhoug wer f.k
fojd jod< uekeje”hs lsjq h'
ta wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda fun÷ jQ
uyrÊcqre flfkl=ka yd iu. újdy
iïnkaOfhla jkafka hhs i;=gq j
uekjehs .súiaidy' tl, ¥;fhda “wm
úiska l,a heúh fkd yelehs jyd f.dia
rdcl=udßld flfkla we;s kshdj
wmf.a rÊcqrejka jykafiag lshïy'
Wka jykafia u wjq;a le|jd f.k hk
fiale”hs lsjq h" ta rÊcqrefjda;a hym;ehs
ms<sf.k ¥;hkag m%ido § hjQy' Tyq
f.dia tmj;a rÊcqrejkag yd ìijqkag
lsjq h' tmj;a wid Tlaldl rÊcqrefjda
uy msßjßka l=idj;S kqjßka kslau
l%ufhka f.dia id., kqjrg meñ‚hy'
tnj wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda isjqr`. fik`.
msßjrd fmr .uka f.dia kqjrg le|jd
f.k f.dia uy;a i;aldr iïNdjkd
l<dyq h' lSmojilska Tlaldl
rÊcqrejkaf.a iS,j;S foaùf;dfuda
kqjKe;s neúka ljqre oksoaoehs is;d
rÊcqrejka jykafia fhfy<‚hka
olakd leue;a;ïyhs uÿ rÊcqrejkag
lsjq h' rÊcqrefjda;a uekjehs ms<sf.k
Èh‚hka le|jd hjq h' ti| m%Ndj;S
i¾jdNrKfhka ieriS lsßujqka
úiska msßjrk ,ÿj wjq;a kekao‚hka
oel,d isáhdy' iS,j;S foaú m%Ndj;Ska
oel fï l=udßld hym;a rE we;a;S h'
umq;Kqfjda úrEmhy' bÈka uQ Wka Ègqyq
kï tlojil=;a fkdr|d m,d hkakdy'
Bg ksis Wmdhla flfrñhs is;d blaì;s
ìij “uyrc" udf.a fhfy<‚fhda
umq;Kqjkag ksiaiy' t;l=ÿ Wj;a wmf.a
jxY mrïmrdfjka mej; tk pdß;%fhla
we;' bÈka uQ ta jQ f,i ms<smÈ;a kï
le|jdf.k hïyhs uÿ rÊcqrejkag
lsjq h' ta wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda “ljr
wdpdrfhla oe”hs úpd<y' wmf.a
jxifhys ore .¾Nhla msysgk f;la
ia;%Syq odj,a idñmq;%hd olskag fkd
,n;s' bÈka uQ tf,i mj;s;a kï
le|jd f.k hïy”hs lsjq h' ta wid
rÊcqrefjda “Èh‚fhks" tf,i mj;skag
ms<sjkaoe”hs úpd<y' m%Ndj;S ‘hym;e’hs
.súiaiy' blaì;s Tlaldl rÊcqrefjda uÿ
rÊcqrejkag fndfyda iïm;a § m%Ndj;Ska
le|jdf.k .shy' uÿ rÊcqrefjda;a
uyfmryßka Èh‚hka kslaujQy'
Tlaldl rÊcqrefjda f.dia l=idj;S kqjr
ÈjHmqrhla fuka irid nkaOk.;
ish¨ i;a;ajhka uqod yrjd mq;Kqjkag
m%Ndj;Ska w. fufyiqka fldg wNsfIal
lrjd l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a wd{dj hhs
wKfnr ,jd fiai;a kexjQy'
oUÈj ish¨ rcorefjda ;uka ;ukaf.a
orejka l=i rÊcqrejkag fiajh ms‚i
tjQy' tl, fndaêi;ajfhda k¿ kdgldÈ
uy;a msßjßka hqla;j wmuK jQ
ftYaj¾hfhka rdcH Y%S ú|skdy'
ti| l=i rÊcqrejka yd m%Ndj;S
foaú yd fofokd Èjd Nd.fhys
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 19
 Tjqfkdjqk a fkd oel rd;%sfhys
u olakdy' ta m%Ndj;Skaf.a YÍr
fYdaNdj uydfndêi;a;j a hka f;aciska
iQ¾hdf,dalfhys lfodame‚hka fuka o
Èjd pkaøhd mßoafoka o ksIam%Nd úh' l=i
rÊcqrefjda;a Y%S hyka .ìka myka jkakg
m<uq j msg;a jkakdy' fuf,iska l,la
.sh i| m%Ndj;Ska odj,a olakd leu;sj
uE‚hkag lsjq h' uE‚fhda;a Tyq nia
wid “mq;Kqfjks ore flfkl=ka ,nk
l,a bjiqj”hs kej;+y'
fndaêi;a;ajfhda kej; kej;;a
weúá,s fldg lsjq h' tl, uE‚fhda
“olakd leu; fyd;a we;ay,g f.dia
we;af.dõjka yd tlaj isgqj" uu t;kg
le|jd.k tñ" tl, weia mqrd oel mshj"
f;dm jQ kshdj fkd y`.j”hs lsjq h'
fndaêi;a;ajfhda;a hym;ehs ms<sf.k
we;ay,g .shdyq h' tl,ays iS,j;S foaú
m%Ndj;Ska we;ay,g le|jd f.k f.dia
fï wij,a we;d h fï wij,a kï
we;d hhs kï lsh lshd olaj olajd hk
i| l=i rÊcqrefjda m%Ndj;Skaf.a msg
we;a b,;a;shla .eiQy' tl, m%Ndj;S
“rÊcqrejka jykafiag lshd f;dmf.a w;
lmamd,ñ” hkd§ka lshd ìijqka ,jd;a
fldam lerjQ h" ti| ìijq m%Ndj;Skaf.a
msg w;ska msß ueo “fï we;ay,
fld,af,da kï b;d pm,fhda h' kqU
jykafiag WrKjkafkda h”hs hkd§ka
lshd wiajid rcf.g .shyq h'
;j o lf,lska fndaêi;a;ajfhda
m%Ndj;Ska olakd leu;sj fmr
mßoafoka u uE‚hkag lshd wiai,g
f.dia wiai,hlayq mßoafoka isg
m%Ndj;Ska oel t;k §;a wiafnÜgla
.eiQ h' toji o lsmshd jQ m%Ndj;Ska ìijq
ikays÷jQ h' blaì;s l,ahdfuka m%Ndj;Ss
fndaêi;a;ajhka olakd leu;s jkehs
20 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
kekao‚hkag lshd Wka úiska j<lk
,ÿj kej;;a hdÉ[d fldg ìijqka
úiska “tfia ù kï l=i rÊcqrefjda fig
kqjr meol=Kq flfr;s' f;ms tafj,djg
iSueÿre ljq¿fjka ol=j”hs lshd fojk
ojia kqjr iryjd rÊcqrejkaf.a
u,Kqjka chïm;s l=udrhka
rdcdNrKfhka iryd uÕ=,e;=msg
ys÷jd fndaêi;a;ajhka we;af.djq
fõYfhka mYaÑudikfhys b÷jd
kqjr meol=Kq lrjd m%Ndj;Ska le|jd.k
iSueÿre ljq¿fjka n,ñka “f;dmf.a
iajdñmq;%hdKkaf.a Y%S úN+;sh n,j”hs
lsjq h' tl, m%Ndj;S chïm;s l=udrhka
oel “ug iqÿiq j,a,NhdK flfkl=ka
,Èñ˜ i;=gq jQ h' tojia we;af.dõ
fjiska msámi Wka fndaêi;a;ajfhda
is;a jQ mßoafoka m%Ndj;Ska olsñka yia;
úldr uqLúldrfhka Wiq¿ úiq¿ mE
fl<shy'
tf,i we;a .sh miq “f;dmf.a
iajdñmq;%hdKka ÿgqoe”hs m%Ndj;Ska
úpdrd Wka úiska “iajdóks" Èáñ
msámiafia Wka we;af.djq b;d u pm,h"
ug Wiq¿ úiq¿ mEfha h" tn÷ jQ fkd
yslauqKq mskau| ;eke;a;jq l=ula ms‚i
rÊcqrejkag msámiafia b÷jq oe”hs lsjq h'
tnia wid ìijq “Èh‚fhks" rÊcqrejkag
wdrlaId ms‚i ie,iQ we;af.dõjdh”hs
j<yd lsjq h' ta wid m%Ndj;S “fï
we;af.dõjd b;d ks¾NS; h" rÊcqrejkag
rÊcqre flfklehs fkd is;hs' fï
lsfula o l=i rÊcqrefjda kï uQ u
jkehs taldka;fhka Wka rE ke;s
flfkl=ka úh hq;= h' ta ldrKfhka
ud fkd olaj;s” is;d l=o le|jd “hj
uE‚hks" l=i rÊcqrefjda we;=msg
bÈßfh Wka ;eke;af;da o fkdfyd;a
msámiafia Wka f;ke;af;da oehs kshu
oekf.k tj”hs lsjq h' tú.i “uu
flfia oek .ksïoe”hs úpd<y' l=og
“m<uqfhka we;=msg ng f;ke;af;da
rÊcqrefjda h' fuf,i i,l=fKka
kshu oek f.k tj”hs lsjq h' ta ksfhda.
,o l=o f.dia tla f;kl isg m<uq
fldg fndaêi;a;ajhka yd fofjksj
chïm;s l=udrhka ng kshdj ÿg' tl,
fndaêi;a;ajfhda wE; uE; n,d ÿr isg
l=o oel uE wdfha fï mÍlaId lrkakg
hhs oek <`.g le|jd “fï f;dr;=re
fkd lshj”hs lshd kslaujQy' ´ f.diska
“fmr wdikfha Wka f;ke;af;da u
m<uq fldg u ngqh”hs lshd .súiajd Æy'
kej; l,a hdulska fndaêi;a;ajfhda
m%Ndj;Ska olakd leu;sj uE‚hkag
lsjq h' ìfida kj;d .; fkdyS “tfia
ù kï wm%isoaO fõYfhka Whfka f.dia
isgqj”hs lsjq h'
tnia wid l=i rÊcqrefjda Whkg
f.diska uÕ==,a fmdl=fKa lrjgla
Èhg nei fk¨ï m;lska bi jid
f.k fk¨ï u,lska uQK jid f.k
isáhdyq h' ìijqka m%Ndj;Ska Whkg
le|jd f.k f.dia ijia fõf,ys
mqIamM,m,a,jfhka i[apkak jQ imq
ÿkqfla kd mkd iSksoao fnda,soao oEiuka
wdÈ .ia ,sh o .srd fndl,a wE mlaISka o
olajñka uÕ=,a Whka weúo f.k wef.a
is;a fmd,Uñka fmdl=Kq f;rg .sfhda h'
tflfKys m%Ndj;S f;dfuda miamshqfuka
.ejiS .;a fmdl=K oel kykq leu;sj
msßjr yd iu. fmdl=Kg nei fl<sñka
uyfndaêi;a;ajhka uQK jid f.k
isá mshqug w; Èla l<d h' tl,ays
rÊcqrefjda fk¨ïm; bj;a fldg “uu
l=i rch”hs m%Ndj;Ska w; we,aÆ h'
Tyqf.a uqLh oel “hlaIfhla ud w;
w,ajd .;e”hs uqr.dñka Nhska uQ¾Pdj
.shd h' ti| rÊcqrefjda w; wermSy'
blaì;s ìfida isys ,Èka is;kakdyq “ud
w; we,a¨fjda bÈka l=i rÊcqrefjda ù
kï we;a;, § b,;a;sfhkq;a wiai,
§ wiafnáfhkq;a uqka úiska u .ik
,Èñ' we;=f.a mYaÑudikfhys o ud
fjfyijQfjda;a uQ u h' fufia úrEm jQ
ÿ¾uqL jQ j,a,Nhdf.ka ug m%fhdack
lsï o" Ôj;aj Wksï kï ug j,a,Nhka
wreu fkd jkafka h”hs is;d ;uka yd
tlaj wd wud;Hhka hjd “hdk jdyk
iryj" wo ojfia u kslafuñ”hs lSy'
Tyq tmj;a rÊcqrejkag lSjdyq h' ta
wid rÊcqrefjda “uQ hkag wjir fkd
,oaÿ kï <h me<S ñh hkakdy' jkakdg
oekg fh;aj”hs kej; udf.a n,fhka
f.kajd .ksñ is;d .uka wkqo;ay'
tl,ays m%Ndj;S msßjr yd iu. msh
rÊcqrejkaf.a id., kqjrg u .sfhda h'
m%Ndj;S f;du l=i rÊcqrejkag cd;sfhys
l< m%d¾:kdfjka fkd leu;s jqj fndaê
i;a;ajfhda o mQ¾jfhys lrk ,o wl=i,
n,fhka úrEmj .shy'
ta flfiao h;a
hg.sh oji nrKeia kqjrg kqÿre .fulays
ùÓ foll flf<ô l=, foflla
we;af;a h' bka f.hl mq;a;= fokafkla
jQy' blaì;s fndaêi;a;ajfhda nd,
u,Kqfjday'
wksla flf<ô l=,fhys Èh‚ flfkla
jQy' ta l=udßldj fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a
nEKkag irK f.kajQ h' fndaêi;ajfhda
fjk f.hla fodrla ke;sj nEKkaf.a
f.hs jdih flfr;s' blaì;s tla ojfil
w;sri lejqï msi lsis lghq;a;la ksid
j, .sh fndaêi;a;ajhkag ;snd ;=uQ fo
fok wkqNj l<y'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 21
 tfõf,ys is`.d jeä mfia nqÿ flfkl=ka
jykafia oel fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a
neoE‚fhda Wkag lejqï miqj msi Èh
yelalehs is;d fndaêi;a;ajhkag ;snQ
fldgi ms<s.ekajQy' fndaêi;a;ajfhda
“f;dm ika;l fldgi ld mshd uf.a
fldgi oka fokag ldrKd lsï oe”hs lsmS
¨yqn|jd f.diska mfia nqÿkajykafiaf.a
md;%fha ;=nQ lejqï wr.;a;= h' tl,
ia;%S uE‚hkaf.a f.g f.dia imqu,a
fm;a;la fia >krkajka jQ w¨;a oejQ
.sf;,a f.k md;%fhys mqrd i;=gqj
“iajdóks" ud Wmkqmka cd;sfhys
udf.a YÍrfhka wdf,dal me;sf¾jhs
W;=ï jQ rE we;sfjïjhs wi;amqreIhd
yd tl;ek jdih fkd flfrïj”hs
lshd l< m%d¾:kd jYfhka m%Ndj;S
fndaêi;a;ajhka fkd leu;s jQ h'
fndaêi;a;ajfhda o mfia nqÿkajykafiaf.a
md;%hg lejqï fldgi ms<s.kajd
“iajdóks" bÈka fhdÿka ishhl Wkak;a
uqka udf.a n,fhka f.kajd f.k ug
mdomßpdßld lrkag iu¾: fjïj˜hs
m%d¾:kd lf<da h'
lsmS f.dia mfia nqÿkaf.a md;%fha ;=nQ
lejqï yer .;a fyhska uqLh úiq¿ j
.sfha h' fï f;u fudjqkaf.a mQ¾jl%shd
jkafka h' fndaêi;ajfhda m%Ndj;Ska .sh
kshdj wid fYdalhg meñ‚hy' wjfYAI
kdgl ia;S%yq fkdfhla m%ldrfhka is;a
k<jkakdyq fmd,Ud .; kqyqKqjy'
m%Ndj;Ska ke;s rcf.h l=i rÊcqrejkag
ysiajQjdla fuka jegfykafka h'
fuf,iska rd;%sfhys fndfyda ÿla ú|
w¨hu ke.S isg id., kqjrg f.dia
m%Ndj;S foaù le|jd f.k tñ lshd ud
tk f;la rdcHh mshdKkajykafiag
fõjdhs u,Kqjkag fõjhs mdjd § ,Sï kï
kej; wer.ekau wdhdi fõ oehs is;d
22 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
uE‚hka iS,j;S foaùka iómhg f.dia
“uE‚hka jykai Ok OdkHd§ka Nß;
jQ we;awe‚ wiawe‚ ßhn,hhs isõr`.
fik.ska hqla; jQ mxpll=ONdKavhka
we;s ish¨ WmfNda. mßfNda. jia;=fjka
iuDoaO jQ fï rdcHh m%Ndj;S le|jd
f.k tk f;la mdjd .; uekje”hs
uE‚hkag lshd wjir b,ajQy'
tnia wid ìfida ìhm;aj “mq;" ia;%Syq kï
fkdfhla jxpd oks;s” hkd§ka wjjdo
lshd u. § wkqNj lrk ms‚i wk.s
rifhka hqla; jQ rdcfNdackh rkauqvul
mqrd ÿkay' ti| uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda
uE‚hka ;=kah,la meol=Kq fldg
miÕ msysgqjd je| “Ôj;aj Wksï kï
iemfia wjq;a olsfkï fõoe”hs lshd
wjir b,ajd f.k Y%Shyka .nvdjg
jeo ÿkquq.=re lvq fldka; fidá hk
m[apdhqO ikakoaOj f.k n;a uqvu
yd iu. lyjkq oyil=;a mhsfhys ,d
f.k fldlko kï ùKdj w;ska f.k
kqjßka msg;aj u.g ms<smkaj uy;a
jQ n,ù¾h we;s uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda
tojia odj,a n;g mkia fhdÿka u.
f.jd f.k f.dia n; wkqNj fldg
miajre Nd.fhys ;=nQ mkia fhd;ak
f.jd f.dia ijia fõf,ys meka ikyd
id., kqjrg jkay' fndaêi;a;ajhka
tkqjrg jka flfKys u m%Ndj;S
Wkiafkys b| fkd yS hyfkka ìug
nei mqj' tl, kqjrg jeo úvdm;a j
hkakd jQ fndaêi;a;ajhka oel tla;rd
ia;s%hla ;udf.a f.g le|jd f.k
f.dia b¢kd wiqka § mh fidaOjd ie;mS
yqka l,ays n;aud¿ imhd wkqNj lrjQ
h' ti| i;=gq jQ uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda
rkauqvu yd iu. uiqodi ta ia;s%hg §
f.k .sh m[apdhqOh tu f.hs ;nd “ud
f.dia wd hq;= ;efkla wef;”hs lshd
ùKdj w;g wer f.k we;ay<g f.dia
“fï rd;%sfhys ie;fmk f;kla fojq
kï f;dmg ùKd .dhkd flfrñ” lshd
we;af.dõjka úiska wkqokakd ,ÿj tla
f;kl jeo fyj u|la ksod msìo .uka
úvd ikays÷jd f.k ùKdj ;;a iryd
ish¨ kqjrjdiS i;ajfhda fï wi;ajhs
is;d .S lshñka ùKd .dhkd lrkakdy'
tl,ays ìu jeo fyd;a m%Ndj;S o ta
Yíoh wid fï wksla flfkl=kaf.a
ùKd Yíofhla fkd fjhs taldka;fhka
l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia ud ksid fï
kqjrg wd fiala u hhs o;a;dyq h'
uÿ rÊcqrefjda o úKd Yíoh wid “b;d
ñysß fldg .dhkd lrkafka h' fig
Tyq le|jd .dhkd lrkag Wjuekje˜hs
is;=y' fndaêi;a;ajfhda fu;k úiSfuka
m%Ndj;Ska oelal fkd yelal" tfyhska
wia:dkhhs Wodikla fia u we;ay,ska
kslau iji n;a wkqNj l< f.ka u
fmr n;a wkqNj fldg ùKdj f.hs ;nd
uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a u.=,a l=U,df.a f.g
f.dia ´yg w;jeisj tl ojiska u
ueá f.k yer “wdpdÍks j<ka flfrï
oe˜hs úpdrd" “tfiah" l< uekje”hs
lS i| ueámsvla werf.k iflys ;nd
il lrlejQy' tflfKys tl úg
lrljk ,o ta il br uqÿkg tk
f;la u lrleúK' uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda
fkdfhla m%ldr we;s l=vd uy;a fndfyda
j<ka rE k.d fldg fï rE m%Ndj;Ska
úkd wksla ljqre;a fkd ols;ajhs
wêIAGdk l<dyq h'
fuf,iska j<ka Wld úh<d m,yd
l=U,ay, msrEy' ti| l=U,afogqjd
fkdfhla úis;=re w;alï olajd lrk
,o j<ka f.kajd f.k f.dia rÊcqrejka
oelaù h' tl, uÿ rÊcqrefjda kqÿgq
úrE u j<ka oel i;=gq j fï lf<da
ljqre oehs úpdrd l=U,d úiska “uu h"
iajdóks” lSl,ays “f;dmf.a l¾udka;h
uu fkd oksï o fkd j<yd lshj”hs
;rj úpd< i| “foajhka jykai udf.a
w;jeiaid úiska lrk ,oe”hs lS h'
“tU, ta ;g w;jeis lug ksis tflla
fkd fjhs weÿrelug ksiafida h' f;da
fu;eka mgka Wkaf.ka is,am W.kqj'
;j o tf;u fu;eka mgka udf.a
orejkag fl<sj<ka flf¾j˜hs
ksfhda. fldg —fï ´yg fojd,˜hs
fndaêi;ajhkag rka uiqoyila hjd fï
l=vd j<ka orejkag foj”hs hjQy'
l=U,d o ta j<ka werf.k wka;#mqrf.g
f.dia fl<sj<ka f.kdñ lshd
hjqfha h' tnia wid rdcl=udßldjre
t;kg /iajQ h' ta l=U,d úiska
j<ka fnok i| fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a
wdkqNdjfhka m%Ndj;Ska Wfoid rE k.d
lrk ,o j<ka u Wkag Èk' ti| m%Ndj;S
ta j<kaj, uydfndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a yd
;ukaf.a yd l=of.a rE oel “fï wksla
flfkl=ka úiska l< fohla fkd fjhs
l=i rÊcqrejka úiska u lrk,oe”hs
lsmS “fuhska ug m%fhdack ke; leu;s
flfkl=kag § mshj”hs lsjq h' ti|
Wkaf.a k.= lsms nj oek fï l=i
rcqcqrejka jykafia úiska l< fohlehs
is;jq o" l=U,d úiska l<d h" wer.kqj”hs
hkd§ka lsjq h' ta m%Ndj;S f;du l=i
rÊcqrejka t kqjr .sh nj o ta j<ka Wka
úiska l< nj o Tjqkag fkdlSj' blaì;s
l=U,d rÊcqrejkaf.ka hjk ,o uiqoyi
f.k f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkag § “in|"
rÊcqrejka jykafia f;dmg iudê jQ fial'
fu;eka mgka rdcl=udßldjrekag u
f;ms j<ka lrj" uu ta f.kf.dia
foñ” lSfhah' ta wid fndaêi;a;ajfhda
“m%Ndj;Ska fu;k jid;a oelal fkd
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 23
 yelale”hs is;d ta lyjkqoyi ´yg
u § t;kska f.dia rÊcqrejkag uÕ=,a
fufy lrk k<lrejd <`.g f.dia
´yg w;jeisj ;,a jegla fldg tys u
fiai;h" rdy,h" rd Tvu f.k isá
m%Ndj;Skaf.a rEmh hkd§ úis;=re jQ
w;alï oelajQ h' k<lrejd ta ;,ajeg
wd§ fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska lrk ,o
l¾udka; úfYaIh f.dia oelaù h'
rÊcqrefjda ta l¾udka; úfYAIh oel
“fu;,ajeg wdÈh ljqreka úiska lrk
,oafoa oe”hs hkd§ka fmr mßoafoka úpdrd
uiqoyila § fu;,ajeg wdÈh “udf.a
l=udßldjrekag foj”hs ksfhda. l<y'
ta l¾udka;hka fnod fok k<lrejd o
fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska m%Ndj;Ska Wfoid
lrk ,o ;,ajeg Wkag u ÿkafka h'
ti| m%Ndj;S ta úis;=re rEmhka oel
l=i rÊcqrejka úiska lrk ,o nj oek
leu;s flfkla wer.kqjhs ìug oeuQj"
ta oel b;sß l=udßldjreka fjfyik
,o' k<lrejd rÊcqrejka úiska fok ,o
uiqoyi f.k f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkag
ÿkafka h'
blaì;s fndaêi;a;ajfhda “fuhs;a ug
wia:dkh”hs is;d ta rka ´yg § t;kska
f.dia rÊcqrejkaf.a ud,dldrhdg
w;jeisj fkdfhla m%ldr we;s u,amá
f.d;d m%Ndj;Ska ms‚i fkdfhla reúka
úis;=re fldg u,aiqUq,la o l<dyq h'
u,alrejd;a ta ish,a, yer f.k f.dia
rÊcqrejkag ÿkafka h'
rÊcqrefjda;a úfYaI l¾udka;h oel
“fï f.;=fjda ljqre oe”hs úpdrd
“foajhka jykai" ud úiske”hs lSl,ays
“f;dmf.a u,a f.;Su wms fkd okqfuda o
fï f.;=jka lshj”hs ;rfha úpdrk
,oafoa “w;jeiaid úiska f.d;k ,oe˜hs
lSfha h' tnia wid rÊcqrefjda “tf;u
24 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
w;jeiafila fkd fjhs" f;dmg
weÿrelug ksis h' Tyq flfrka u,a
f.;Sï bf.k .kqj" Tyq ,jd u fu;eka
isg udf.a orejkag u,a f.d;d,j”hs
i;=gqj uiqoyila § “ fï u,alï
orejkag foj”hs hjQy'
ta u,alrejd o fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska
m%Ndj;Ska Wfoid rE k.d lrk ,o
u,aiqUq, Wkag u ÿkafka h' m%Ndj;S o ta u,a
iqUqf,ys l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a yd ;ukaf.a
yd fkdfhla rE oel l=i rÊcqrejkaa l<
nj oek lsmS ìug oeuQj' f;iq k.= fmr
mßoafoka u fjfyiQ h' u,alrejd o
uiqoyi f.k f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkag
§ tmj;a lSfha h' fndaêi;a;ajfhda
—fuhs;a ug wia:dkh”hs t rka ´yg
§ t;kska rÊcqrejkaf.a wrlaleñhd
lrd f.dia ´yg w;jeisj ojila
wrlaleñhd rÊcqrejkag fï jvd
f.k hñka ;uyg msik ms‚i
fndaêi;a;ajhkag weguqiq ovuila §,d
.sfha h' fndaêi;a;ajfhda o ta wegh
msi uq¿ kqjr iqj| me;sfrk fia ÿï
lrjQ y' ti| rÊcqrefjda iqj| wid
“lsfula o" uq¿;ekaf.hs wksla ud¿jl=;a
msi;aoe”hs úpdrd wrlaleñhd úiska
“foajhka jykai" wksla msik ud¿jla
ke;af;a h' t;l=ÿ j;a weguqiq uila
wm weug msik f,i w;jeiaidg È,d
wdñhs" tys iqj| úh hq;= h”hs lS i|
rÊcqrefjda ta f.kajd f.k bka iq`.la
wkqNj fldg neÆ h' tflfKys tys
ri i;aishhla muK ri kyrj,
me;sr isáfha h' rÊcqrefjda ta ri
;DIaKdfjys ne£ ´yg uiafika oyila
§ “fu;eka mgka f;dmf.a w;jeiaid
,jd ug;a udf.a orejkag;a n;a ud¿
msi ud orejkag Tyq úiska f.k
fokag lshj" f;da wmg f.fkj”hs
ksfhda. lf<a h' wrlaleñ f.dia
fndaêi;a;ajhkag lSfha h' tnia wid
fndaêi;a;ajfhda “oeka udf.a ufkdar:h
uia;lm%dma; j .sfhah”hs i;=gqj
“fu;eka mgka m%Ndj;Ska olsñ” is;d
´yg rkaoyi § fojk ojia n;aud¿
msi rÊcqrejkag § wrlaleñhd w; hjd
rdc l=udßldjrekag f.k hk jiqka
lo ;=uQ yer f.k f.dia m%Ndj;Skaf.a
ud<s.djg kex.yq h' ti| m%Ndj;Ska
jiqka lo f.fkk fndaêi;a;ajhka oel
uqka jykafia ;uka jykafiag kqiqÿiq jQ
jy,a l<ukd foh lrk fial' bÈka
uu ojia .Kkla neK fkd ke.S Wksï
kï uQ ud leue;af;da jkehs is;d wka
f;klg f.dia ud oel oel fuys jdih
lrk fial' tfia fkd fldg fuys
weis,a,l=;a fkd r|d hk ieáfha neK
fodvd kslaujñ is;d fodr wvj, fldg
f.kf.dia tla w;lska fodr w,ajd
f.k w`.=¿ lkqfõ je;sr isg “l=i
rÊcqrejka jykai" fun÷ jQ ldßhla
bÈka Ôú;h fia kuq;a fkd lrk fial'
t;l=ÿ jqj;a ud ksid Wodikh ijih
uOHu rd;%s h uOHdyakh hk úNd.hla
ke;sj Èh or iemhSï mssiSï leùï
fmùï wdÈ ySkl%shdfjka yd ÿ¾fNdack
ÿlaLfihHdfjka ojia hjñka fuys
isg ÿla fkd ú| kqU jykafiaf.a
l=idj;S kqjrg ke.S f.dia ud flfrys
is;sú,a,la fkd is;d kqU jykafia jeks
il=re mQjla fia odye,S .sh uqyqKq we;s
hlskakl w.fufyiqka fldg f.k
rdcHh l< uekj' bÈka úrEm jQ kqU
jykafia flf;la l,a ó b| ÿla
WK;a uu fkd leue;af;ñ" fkd r|d
jyd kslauqKq uekj”hs lsjq h' tl,ays
uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda m%Ndj;Skaf.ka
fuúpr l:d iïNdIKhla ,Èñhs i;=gqj
“uqjfmd,a,kag n÷ jQ weia we;s
fyaudNrK úN+Is; .d;%d we;s ukd jQ là
m%foaY we;s rkalñka úis;=re jQ jia;%fhka
fYdaNudk jQ foay we;s m%Ndj;Sks" f;dmf.a
rEm fi!kao¾hfhka meyer .kakd ,o
is;a we;s laf,aYdkaOldrfhka jik
,ÿj ÈlaúNd.fhys wiu¾: fyhska
l=idj;S kï rdcOdkshg hd fkdtñ'
ta rdcHY%Sfhka ug m%fhdack
ke;af;a h" furg u jdih lrñ” lSy'
fndaêi;a;ajhka úiska fuf,i
lS l,ays uQ úms,sirj ke.S fh;s" mßNj
fldg lshñka isáh § u ud flfrys
we,S u l:d flfr;s" bÈka uQ uu
l=irc hhs wjq;a ud w; w,ajd .;a;=
kï ljqre j<l;a oehss f.g jeo fodr
w.=¿ ,d .;a;= h'
fndaêi;a;ajfhda o jiak yer f.k
f.dia f;iq rdcl=udßldjreka n;a
lejQy' blaì;s m%Ndj;S “l=i rÊcqrejka
úiska imhk ,o wdydrh f.fkj˜hs
l=og úOdk fldg f.kajd f.k “fï
n;a wkqNj fkd flfrñ" f;dms ,;a
n;a mshd fï n;a f;dms ld mshj" l=i
rÊcqrejkajykafia fukqjrg wd nj
ldg;a fkd y`.jj˜hs lsjq h' t;eka
mgka l=o;a m%Ndj;Skaf.a n;a fldgi ;=uQ
wkqNj fldg ;ukaf.a n;a m%Ndj;Skag
fokakS h'
l=i rÊcqrefjda t;eka mgka m%Ndj;Ska
fkd olakdyq h' ud flfrys m%Ndj;Ska
iafkay we;s ke;s nj mÍlaId flfró
is;d tla ojila rdcl=udßldjreka
n;a ljd j<ka lo f.k hñka
m%Ndj;Skaf.a fodr iómfhys wä
wek j<ka w`vjd mels, jeá yS
fl¢ß .dñka T;a;dyq h' tl, m%Ndj;S
fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a fl¢ß .Eú,s wid
f.hs fodr wer n,d lo lr ;nd f.k
jeo fyd;a;jqka oel “uqkajykafia
uq¿ oUÈjg w.%rdchka fial' ud ksid
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 25
 ? odj,a ÿla ú¢ñka isõue,s neúka
jiqka lo nßka ueã jeà .sh fial'
bÈka wuq;af;la ù kï ug óg jvd
je/oafola ke;' m%dKh weoao keoaoehs
mÍlaId flfrñ˜hs is;d Nh f.k f.ka
msg;aj fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a Yajdih
mÍlaId lrkq ms‚i keUqrej uqyqK
ne¨j' ti| l=i rÊcqrefjda fl< lgla
mqrd f.k m%Ndj;Ska uqyqKg oeuQy'
tl, m%Ndj;S neK fodvd f.dia f.g
jeo fodr wvj¨ fldg “rÊcqrejka
jykai" hfula úrEmSj rE we;a;ka
m%d¾:kd flf¾ o fkd leu;shka leu;s
fõ o ´yg wjev jkafka h” hkd§ka
m%Ndj;Ska úiska fkd fhla f,i neK
fodvd mßNj l<;a fndaêi;a;ajfhda
Wka flf¾ fkd l,lsÍ “tïnd
m%Ndj;Sks" fï f,dalfhys hï mqreIfhla
f,daldiajdor;s jYfhka ;ud fkd
leu;s jQ o ia;s%hf.ka o¾Ykh iam¾Yh
iïNdIKh iïfNda.hhs hk fuhska
tla;rd ikaf;daI ldrKhla ,efí o
tfia ,nk ,o ,dNh ukd jQ ,dNhlehs
m%Yxid lrïy' ;ud fkd leu;sj;a
ia;s%h flfrka m%S;shla fkd ,eîu kmqre
jkafka h' tfyhska f;dmf.a o¾Yk
,dNd§ ftYaj¾h ú¢ñka fuys u jdih
flfró” lSy'
fndaêi;a;ajhka fuf,i lS l,ays;a
m%Ndj;S u|l=;a miq fkd nei
;o fldg u lshd fudyq m,jñ is;d
“u|l=;a iafkyr;s jYfhka fkd
leue;a;djQ;a ud flfrys ms<sn| is;ska
leu;sj jikakd jQ f;ms msmdidfjka
mSä;j fnd<|lñka lsysß W,la werf.k
.,afmd;a;la leK meka yer .kakd
leu;shlayq o >¾ufhka mSä;j oe,la
ne| iq<ka r|jkaklayq yd o iudk h”
hkd§ka ;omreI nia lshd fovqj'
26 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
tnia wid l=irÊcqrefjda “pdgq ufkda{
jQ wx.m%;Hx.d§ ia;%Sfi!Nd.Hfhka
hqla; jQ m%Ndj;Sks" wfkalfldaá yd
kdgl ia;%Ska yd wkka;iduka;pl%
fu!,sud,,d,s; mdo mSG we;s rdcHY%S o
yer fmr f;dm flfrys ne÷Kq is;ska fkd
rgg meñK ÿla ú¢ñka f;dm yd iu.
fm%Audkaú; jQ l:d iïNdIK ud;%hl=;a
fkd ,oaod jQ uu ydjNdj,S,dlgdlaI
ks Í la I Kuka o ia ñ ;uOq u Oq r NdIs ; d§
fi!Nd.Hfhka hqla; fldau,dx. we;s
f;dmf.a <h .,lska lrk ,oehs is;ñ'
;j o m%Ndj;Sks" f;ms hï muK l,la
fldamfhka neu ì| rEIagj n,kakS o
ta ;dla uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a fï Njkfhys
ÿla ú¢ñka wrlaleñj jdih flfrñ'
hï lf,lays iskd my< lr iaks.aO jQ
ksÍlaIKfhka i;=gqj n,kafkys o tl,
Ñ;a; ika;dmhka ÿre fldg rdcHY%Shg
meñ‚hdla fuka fjñ' tfyhska
fid÷r fu;eka mgka fun÷ jQ ;ouka
fkd lrj” hkd§ka hd{d lSjdyq h'
tnia wid m%Ndj;S f;du fuf;u j÷re
,dfjys ne÷Kq jdkrhlayq mßoafoka
ud flf¾ b;d Yla;j lshkafka h'
Wmfoilska fndrejla lshd fuhska
kslaujó is;d “uyrc" l=i rÊcqrejka
jykafia ug iajdñ jk fiala o fkd
jk fialaoehs ksñ;a; úpd< f;k
ta ksñ;a; mdGlfhda kqU jykafia
i;alvla fldg lemqj;a Wka jykafiag
w. fufyiqka jkafka ke;ehs ;rfha u
lsjq h' tfyhska fkdfhla ldrKfhka
fkd leu;s jQ ud ksid ÿla fkd ú| kqU
jykafiaf.a rgg u m,d .sh uekje”hs
lsjq h' ta wid l=i rÊcqrefjda;a Tjqkag
lS nia m%;Hq;a;rfhka u miqniajñka
“fid÷r" ud úiskq;a ksñ;a; úpd< ;ek
udf.a rg ksñ;a; mdGlfhda f;dm
úkd Wkag j,a,N flfkla ke;a;dyhs
;rfha u lsjq h' tlS ksñ;a;fhkq;a ud
ÿgq ldrKfhkq;a ud úkd f;dmg wksla
j,a,N flfkla ke;' ta ldrKfhka
f;dmf.a ;o uka yer mshj”hs lSy'
m%Ndj;S l=irÊcqrejkaf.a nia wid ljr
f,ilskq;a uqka ,Êcdjg muqKqjd.;
fkd yelafla h' fhajd fkd fhajd ug
kï lï lsï o is;d fodr w.=¿ ,d .;a;= h"
tl, fndaêi;ajfhda j<kalo lr ;nd
f.k m,d .shdyq h'
t;eka mgka oel=uq;a ke;sj wrlaleñlï
lrñka oUq uqiq iS,a n;a lñka n;a ksjk
Trej msg ihkh flfrñka or m<ñka
meka f.fkñka j<ka fidaoñka WoEik
le| wjq¿ odj, n;a ud¿ wjq¿ msif.k
f.dia ljñka fmdjñka uOqrdkakmdk
ihk jia;%dNrKdÈhla ke;=j
ldu;DIaKdkq rd.fhka ne`§ fndfyda ÿla
ú¢ñka tla ojila uq¿;ekaf.h ñÿf,ka
hkakdjq l=o oel" le|jd m%Ndj;S flfrys
Nhska fkd weiQlkaj hqyqj hk i|
jyd f.dia idñÿj fuka ;oj .shyq h'
fuf;la ojia uq¿,af,ys f;dm yeu
iómfhys jei iqj ÿla úpdÍï úprl=;a
fkd ,ÿïy' fiiq ,dNfhla le<u fõo"
t;l=ÿ jqj;a m%Ndj;Skaf.a ;o uka wrjd
olajd ,sh tõ oe”hs úpd<d' ta wid l=È;a
“hym;e”hs lsj' tl, fndaêi;a;ajfhda
i;=gq j “bÈka we;afid`vla fuka
l%fudakak;j ug is¨gq jQ W!re hq.,la
we;s m%Ndj;S f;du f;dmf.a iujdfhka
fm%AuoDIaáfhka neÆ kï fõjhs ud yd
ikaf;daIfhka hqla;j m%sh l:djla
l<d kï fõjhs fkdfhla iafkayfhka
ukaoiañ;shla mj;ajd ud fijdmq kï
fõjhs ;j o ud oel i;=gqj udyd
iskdfhka hqla;j neÆ kï fõjhs bÈka
;reKd¾lrYaóka m%úlis; irisrey
fidaor iquqÿ fldu,md‚m,a,jfhka
udf.a YÍrh iam¾Y l<d kï iem fia
udf.a l=idj;S kqjrg f.dia jka ojia u
fu ;sf.a l=o yer hk mßoafoka ydr
flahqr lkl lgl kQmqr rikd ;e,suqÿ
wdÈ i¾jdNrKfhka ;S iryd ,ñ' f;ms
m%Ndj;Skag ldrK lshd udf.a jYhg
muqKqjd ,j”hs lSy'
l=ÿ;a fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a nia wid
“foajhka jykai" kqU jykafia ielhla
fkd is;=j uekj" lSm ojilska Wka kqU
jykafia jYhg muqKqjd udf.a idu¾:Hh
olajd ,ñ˜hs fndaêi;a;ajhkag lshd
;ud .sh ld¾hh iuDoaO fldg f.k
m%Ndj;Ska lrd f.dia Wkaf.a f.h li<
wÈkakshl fuka hg;a msßfihska .id
,kag ksis leglaa úprl=;a f.hs fkd
;snd jyka mgka ish,a,u fodr .djd ,d
f.h yeuo li< oud fodrg msg ,d
t<sm;a mäh Wia mqgqjla ,d Bg ñáj
m%Ndj;Skag wiakla mkjd “Èh‚fhks"
fufia wj uekj' bi n,ïy˜hs m%Ndj;S
ñá mqgqfjl b÷jd f.k f;dfuda Wia
mqgqfjl ;udf.a oK folska Wkaf.a
bi jy, fldg f.k uola bi
ksh .d “wfka" uqkaf.a bi Wl=fKda
fndfydaj .sfhda hhs lshñka ;udf.a
biska Wl=Kka yerf.k m%Ndj;Skaf.a
w;af,ys ,d “f;dmf.a bi Wl=Kkaf.a
úpr n,j”hs hkd§ka fkdfhla l:d
fldg fndaêi;ajhkaf.a .=K lshñka
“fï m%Ndj;S f;dfuda l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a
kqjr jik iufhys t l=i rÊcqrejka
jykafia f.ka wkakmdk jia;%dNrK
.kaOud,d ;dïnq,d§ lsis i;aldrhl=;a
uqka fkd ,oehs is;ñ' ldrKd lsu
h;a ia;S%yq kï tl ojil=;a welfhys
je;sr T;a iajdñmq;%hdf.a is;a fkd
l,lsrej;s' fï l=i rÊcqrejka jkdys
wrlaleñj f;dm ksid rdcHY%Sh yer
wjq;a ne,fufy fldg ÿla ú¢ñka
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 27
 isáh§;a iqjÿla úpdÍul=;a fkd lrj
bÈka Wka jykafia flfrys iafkayh
ke;;a uq¿ oUÈjg w.%rdcka jQ fï
l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia ud ksid u ÿla
.kakd fialehs oek Wka jykafiag lsis
i;aldrhla lrkag Wjuekj”hs lsj'
tnia wid m%Ndj;S lsms i| l=o;a ke.Sisg
m%Ndj;Ska lráh w,ajd we;=¿f.g oud
f;dfuda msg;aj fodr jid fodr wÈkd
,kqj weo w,ajd f.k isáhd h' ti|
m%Ndj;S Wka w,ajd .; fkdyS fodruq,
jeoisg wEg fodvñka fun÷ jQ fkd
lsjukd nia lshkakdla jQ fkd lghq;=
okakd fufl,s ishqï uqjy;a we;s
Yia;%fhka ðõydÉfþokh ,nkakg
ksis tllZhs hkdÈ lsmqKd h' “blaì;s
l=o;a <x j ,kqj w,ajd f.k isg mskau|
fkd lSlre f;ke;a;sh" ;sf.a rej ldg
l=ula flf¾ o wms f;dmf.a rEmfhka
ld î /flk fofhla weoao” hkd§ka
fodvd fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a .=K j¾Kkd
flfrñka “f;, m%Ndj;sh" wdfrdy
mßKdyfhka hqla; jQ isoaOdx.kd m%;sNd. jQ
úYsIgA jQ rE we;af;ñhs ;sf.a rEm fi!kao¾h
yd ta rdcdêrdc jQ l=i rdfcda;a;uhka yd
iudk fldg fkdis;j' l=i rÊcqrejka
jykafia wmßñ; n,jdyk o uydkqNdj
o uqla;dud‚lHixLis,dm%jd,lkl
rc;dÈ uyd Ok we;s fial' ;suo .,s;
yia;srdchl= mßoafoka lsisjlayq úiska
je<lsh fkdyels ldhn, we;s fial'
wkakmdkjia;%dNrK .%dulafIa;%d§
ish¨ WmfNda. mßfNda. jia;=fjka
iuDoaO jQ ldYsfldai,d§ jQ fndfyda
rdcHhg wêm;s fial' il,cïnqoaùmfhys
wkka; rdcOdksj, ta ta rcorejkag
w.%rdcka fial' Y;%eck kue;s u;a;
yia;Ska uOHhg jka isxyrdcfhl=
mßoafoka wNS; isxykdo we;s fial'
l=rúflú,a,kag n÷ jQ ,Sf,dafm;
28 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
.S;iajr we;s fial' .ïNSfrdaodr
uOqrY%jŒh luŒh m%;HkSh uOqriajr
we;s fial' iajhïN+{dkfhka m%;sfõO
lrk ,o wlaIr,sÅ;.‚;.dkaO¾jd§
wIagdoY úoHdia:dkd§ wfkal Y;
m%fNao Nskak Ys,amhka we;s fial'
WNh l=, mßY=oaO wkkHidOdrK
iqN.=Ku‚.KdlS¾K blaIjdl=jxY
iïN+; jQ l=i rÊcqrejka jykafiaf.a
we;s .=K i,ld f;dmf.a rE we;af;ñ
hk ;ouka yer Wka jykafia
flfrys isksoi m;=rejd,”hs hkd§ka
fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a fkdfhla .=K lshd
wjjdo l<d h'
blaì;s tnia wid m%Ndj;S f;dfuda
fldamfhka È,syS “l=o f;da ;sf.a muK
fkd oek .¾ckd lrkafkys h' w;g
meñ‚hd ù kï iajdñorejka we;s
kshdj w÷kajd,ñ” hkd§ka lshd l=o
Nh .ekajqj" ti| l=ÿ;a “tïn, ;S
rlakd ksid fuf;la ojia uq¿,af,a l=i
rÊcqrejka fukqjrg wd kshdj f;dmf.a
mshdKka jykafiag fkd lSñ' jkakdg"
wo ojia rÊcqrejka jykafiag lshd
;sg ksy~ lshjkafkï fõoe”hs uy;a
fldg lshd Wka Nh .ekajqj' m%Ndj;S
ti| Nhska fjjq,d “uE‚fhks tfia
fkd lshj uekje”hs lshd l=o wiajeiqj'
uyfndaêi;a;ajfhda o m%Ndj;Sf.a oel=uq;a
fkd ,en ÿífNdack ÿlaLfihHd§ka
i;auila uq¿,af,ys ÿlaú|;a “uEf.a
oel=ï úprl=;a fkd ,nñ' b;d ;omreI
.;a ye`.s jQ uEf.ka ug m%fhdack lsï o
udf.a rgg f.dia ujqmsh fofok oel
jdih lrñ”hs is;+y'
ti| ukqIHf,dalh neÆ Yl%foafõkaøfhda
l=i rÊcqrejka i;auila uq¿,af,ys
ÿlaú|;a m%Ndj;Ska oelal fkdyS Wlg,S
kshdj oel wE ,efnkag lsis ldrKhla
flfrñ is;d uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.ka .sh
¥;hka n÷ fldg “m%Ndj;S f;du l=i
rÊcqrejka yer f.dia mshd m,d wjq
h" jyd wjq;a Wka le|jdf.k hjhs
i;arÊcqreflfkl=kag fjk fjk u
m;a wiqka we;sj ¥;hka hjQy' Tjqka
oel rÊcqrefjda i;=gqj fjk fjk u
ish fik. msßjrd id., kqjrg wjq;a
jg,d f.k Wkqka oel “f;dms l=ula
ksid wjqo f;dms l=ula ksid wjqoe”hs
Tjqfkdjqka úpdrd m%Ndj;ska ksid uÿ
rÊcqrejka úiska le|jd hjQ fyhska
wdïy˜hs hkq wid" “fïf;u ;udf.a tl
ÿj wm i;afokdg u foa," uqf.a fkd
lghq;a;la n,j" wm fjfyiqfha hhs
oKav d>d; úIf>dar i¾mhka mßoafoka
lsmS fjk fjk u wmg m%Ndj;Ska fyda
foj" hqoaO fyda lrj”hs m;a wiqka hjQy'
ta wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda n,j;a Nhm;aj
wud;Hhka le|jd l=ula lrfuda oehs
úpd<y' tl, wud;Hfhda “foajhka
jykai" fï rcorefjda i;a fok
m%Ndj;Ska ksid u wjq h' bÈka kqÿkfyd;a
mjqre mokï jdi,a ì|f.k kqjrg
jeof.k Ôú;laIhg muqKqjd rdcHh
yer.kqïyhs lshd fiakdj ikakoaO
fldg f.k hqoaOdNsuqLj isákdy'
jÈkdg m<uq fldg m%Ndj;Ska hjïy”hs
lSjdyqhs'
tnia wid rÊcqrefjda “tlaflfkl=kag
m%Ndj;S mjd Èkqfuda kï f;iafida hqoaO
lrkakdy' tfyhska tlaflfkl=kag
§ ikays|úh fkd yelal' uq¿ oUÈj
w.%rdckaj isá l=i rÊcqrejka yermshd
wd .ukg úmdl olajñ' uE i;a lvla
fldg lmd rc orejka i;a fokdg
§ mshd .e,fjïj˜hs lsjQ h' tf,i
rÊcqrejka lS nia rdcdx.Kh uq¿,af,ys
m%ldYj .sfha h' tmj;a weiQ mßjdr
ia;s%yq f.dia m%Ndj;Skag lSy' tnia wid
m%Ndj;S urK Nhska fmr<S y~ñka
Wkiafkka ke.S cdïfndako iaj¾Khg
n÷ jQ rkajka meye we;s rkalñka úis;=re
jia;%OdÍj kÕ=ka yd mßjdr ia;%Ska úiska
msßjrk ,ÿj uE‚hkaf.a f.g f.dia
kuialdr fldg w~ w~d isg “uE‚hka
jykai" udf.a i÷ka ;=jr,d lia;=ß
lmqre wdÈ iqj|iqkafkka W,d Tmak.k
,o m%shlre jQ ukd weia iÕ,la we;s
ks¾u, jQ lsis le,,la ke;s fmïnr
jQ o< lvñgq we;s levm;ska n, n,d
iryk ,o udf.a fï uqL ìïnh fï
i;a rÊcqrejka úiska ouk ,ÿj j,e
;sfnkafka fõ o ;j o uE‚hka jykai"
nur je,i,d fuka wlanUqre isks÷
fudf<dla Èla jQ i÷ka idkaÿ cndÿ wd§ jQ
iqj| .kajk ,o fï udf.a flia jeáh
wuqfidfydfkys ouk ,ÿj Wl=iafida
.scq,sys‚ wdÈ mlaISyq kshmiqfrka
nodf.k wdl=, jHdl=, fldg wE; uE;
wÈkafkda fõo ;j o uE‚hka jykai"
mn¨o¨ fuka r;a jQ ksh we;s idjqka
nv f,dï fia uDÿ fldu, ;=kqf,dñka
.ejiS.;a r;a i÷ka iqj| .,ajk ,o
ufkda{ jQ udf.a yia; hq.,h furcqka
úiska lmd ouk ,ÿj fldlakdjqka
úiska taldka;fhka veyef.k hkq
,nkafkda fõ o ;j o uE‚hka jykai
udf.a fï iaj¾K;d,M,hg n÷ jQ Wmud
we;s uqL moaufhys f,d,aj Wvn,d Wka
iaj¾K pl%jdl hq.,h fuka kqyqKqjd
jQ jgug jQ i÷ka fldl=u`.rd uq;=yßka
fydnkd jQ fï udf.a ;khq.,h lmd
j< ouk ,o l,ays uE‚hkaf.a ;kfha
t¨K nd, orejka mßoafoka lekys,a¨
tf,kakdyq fõ o
;j o uE‚hka jykai" fuudf.a
rkafmdarejla fuka m<,a jQ ;,d yUd
fj,d ufkda{ fldg leg lrk ,o
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 29
 rkariqoe,ska hqla; jQ fujq,aoñka
iY%Sl jQ làm%foaYh fï rcqka úiska lmd
j, ouk ,ÿj fldlakyjq veyef.k
leu;s f;klg f.k f.dia lkafka
fõ o
;j o uE‚hka jykai" n,af,da h"
fldlakyjq h" lekys,a¨ h hkd§ jQ
o< we;s i;a;aj flfkla we;akï ta
ish¨ i;a;ajfhda m%Ndj;Skaf.a YÍr
udxih kue;s ridhkh wkqNj fldg
taldka;fhka wcrdur fj;S is;ñ'
;jo uE‚hka jykai" fï tla jQ rc
orefjda iafkayfhka bÈka udf.a YÍr
udxYh ,shd f.k .shdyq kuq;a Tjqkag
hd{dj lshd;a weg yerf.k foux
w;=frlays oudmqj uekj'
;j o uE‚hka jykai" ta fidfydka
ìu u,aj;= lrjd tys W÷ ls‚ysß .ia
u we;s lrj' ysu ld,hdf.a fl<jr
ueÈka ui msmS jekS .ssh u,a f.kajd
f.k rkaiquqÕla mqrd Tr msg ;nd
f.k udf.a Èh‚hka m%Ndj;Skaf.a
Púj¾Kh fun÷ hhs n, n,d ud
isysl< uekje”hs hkd§ka n, mdñka
uE‚hkaf.a iómfha u ys| we~Q h'
ti| uÿ rÊcqrejkaf.a ksfhda.fhka
jOlhd ;udf.a fmdrj;a fld<Uqj;a
wer f.k rc f.g wdfha h' ta jOlhd
wd nj rdcdx.Kfhys m%ldY úh' ta wid
m%Ndj;Sf.a uE‚fhda rÊcqrejka lrd
w`v w~d f.dia fmdrj yd fld<Uqj
oel “foajhka jykai" ukdj yeiqKq
isyska is`.=j,Õ we;s udf.a Èh‚hka
fï fmdrfjka lmd fnod fï i;a
rÊcqrejkag fojk fiala oehs úpdf<da
h'
blaì;s rÊcqrefjda ìijqka .súiajñka
“foaùks" m%Ndj;Ska lmd fkd § wksla
30 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
l=ula lrjq o" f;dmf.a Èh‚fhda ish¨
oUÈjg w.% rÊcqrejka úrEm hhs yer
mshd .sh uy tu msh fkd ueflk f;la
urK k<, ;snd f.k wjq h' oeka
;udf.a rE ksid lrk ,o B¾IHdfjys
úmdl ,nkakS fõ oe”hs lSy'
tnia wid ìfida Èh‚hka <`.g f.dia
w`vñka j,mñka “Èh‚fhks f;dmg
wukdmhla is;skq;a fkd is;kakd jQ
udf.a nia fkd .súi f;dm oeka f,a
fmr fmrd i;alvla fldg lmd fï
rcorejkag fok ,ÿj humqrhg hkakS
fõ o
;j o fï f,dalfhys hï i;ajfhla
jefvys yeisfrk ysf;aISkaf.a lSu fkd
lrkafka o tf;u fun÷ jQ ÿlalïlgq¿
,ÿj fkdfhla wkh jHikhg o
meñfKkafka h' ;j o rkalñka Wÿ,
ud‚lH fïL,dodufhka úrdcudk jQ
m%Ndj;Sks" bÈka ;udf.a is;a miafia
fkd f.dia" WNhl=, mßY=oaO wiïNskak
iQ¾hjxYm%iQ; fY!rù¾húl%uiukaú;
l=i rÊcqrejka yd tlaj f;dm yd
iudk rEmY%Ska we;s oel=ï lghq;= jQ
l=udr flfkl=ka ,o fyd;a wm weu
we;=¿ jQ fndfyda {d;sj¾.hd úiska
i;aldr iïNdjkd lrk ,ÿj ish¨
ÿla ÿrefldg fndfyda ojila iem fia
jdih lrkakS fõ o
;j o udf.a fid÷re jQ Èh‚fhks" hï
l=ircyqf.a u‚lkl rc;d § jQ úÑ;%
jQ l¾udka;fhka hqla; rdcNjkfhys
i¾jdNrKfhka ieryqKd jQ
ÈjHdx.kd m%;sNd. mqrdx.kdjka úiska
jhk ,o mxpdx.sl ;+¾hkdo wkjr;fhka
mj;S o ukd jQ ,laIKdkaú; ux.,
yia;Ska m%Odk fldg we;s ffl,dil+g
m%;sNd. wfkalY;u;a;yia;Syq kdo
flfroao'
;j o m%Ndj;Sks" rdcdx.Kfhys Wodik
iji ukd jQ ,laIK we;s ux.,
wYajrdchd m%Odk jQ laISr id.rfhys
;rx. mrïmrdfjka úrdcudk jQ
fkdfhla oyia .Kka wYajfhda l=,au;ska
fyaIdrj mj;ajkakdyq o"
;j o hï l=idj;S rdcOdksfhlays ta
ta ia:dkfhys i¾jdNrK úN+Is; isoaO
úoHdOrhka jeks k¿ kdgl iuQyfhda
fkdfhla m%fNao we;s ;+¾hNdKavhka
f.k yeu fõf,ys u iqÅ;uqÈ;j fiajh
flfroao"
;j o m%Ndj;Sks l=irÊcqrejkaf.a hï
.DfydaoHdk úoHq,a,;d iY%Sl j úrdcudk
jQ iaj¾KuhQr rdchka úiska ñys`.= fnr
y`äka u;a j mj;ajk ,o flldkdofhda
o fldia,sys‚hka úiska mj;ajk ,o
wkqrd.fhka Nß; fõ o" tn÷ jQ Y%S
fi!Nd.Hh yd ftYaj¾h úfYAI we;s
ta l=idj;S rdcOdksfhys biqre yer Bg
jvd ljr iemfhla fldhs we;s fyhska
óg wjqo” hkd§ka m%Ndj;Skag wjjdo
jYfhka l=idj;sfhys úN+;sh j¾Kkd
fldg bÈka ta l=i rÊcqrefjda wo fu;k
ù kï fï i;arcorejka urd ¨yqn|jd
udf.a Èh‚hkag meñ‚ fï ÿla ÿrefldg
le|jd f.k hkafkda fõ o" lmqgq /
ila legla .id m,jd ,kakdla fuka
;ukaf.a jpk ud;%hlska u il, Y;%e
u¾okh lrkakd jQ bÈka is;=j fyd;a
tla ishla rdcOdkSkq;a yer .kag ksis jQ
iu¾: we;s úYsIag jQ m%{dkqNdj we;s ta
l=i rÊcqrefjda wo fukqjr jQ kï wm
yeug meñ‚ fï ÿlska .,jd .kakdyq
hhs hkd§ka l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a fndfyda
.=K l:kh l<dyq h'
tl,ays m%Ndj;S f;dfuda “l=i
rÊcqrejkaf.a .=K lshkakd jQ
udf.a uE‚hka jykafiaf.a uqL
fkd iEfykafka h' tfyhska Wka
jykafia wrlaleñ fldg fï .u
jik nj uE‚hka jykafiag lshñ˜hs
is;d “uE‚hka jykai" wkkH
idOdrK.=K.KdNrKúN+Is;
f.!rù¾hn,mrdl%um%;dmm%{d.=K we;s
fï i;=rka kid wm yeu rlskag ksis jQ
l=irÊcqrejka jykafia wmg wd<dßlj
fu;k u jdih lrk fial' Wka
jykafia le|jïoe”hs úpd<d h'
blaì;s “m%Ndj;Sks" urKNhska mSä; j
kkafodv jQ o" w{dkfhka uQV jQ m%,dm
fodvjQ o" fnd,|lñka lsj ukd
foh ;nd wkslla lshjQ o f;dm fï
lshkafka lsï o ta l=i rÊcqrefjda bÈka
fï kqjrg wjq kï wmg fkd oefkkag
ldrKd lsï o bÈka t;a kï wmg lshd
tjd ;ukaf.a fiakdjdykhka msßjrd
fka;a o" uEf.a l=uk kka foãfula o”
hkd§ka fovQ h'
ti| m%Ndj;S uE‚hka jykafia
l=ula lSj;a woyd fkd .kakd fial'
m%;HlaIfhka olajd,d lshó is;d
uE‚hkaf.a w; w,ajd f.k u;= ud,a;,hg
ke.S f.dia iSueÿre ljq¿j yer msg;
n,d j<ka fidaOñka isá fndaêi;a;ajhka
Èidjg w; È.= fldg “uE‚hka
jykai" f;f, l=udßldjrekaf.a
wka;#mqr wdikakfhys uq¿;ekaf.hs
ñÿf,ys ;rfha leimg .kajd wrlaleñ
fõYfhka keUqrej isg j<ka fidaOk
fiala l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia” hhs oeka
jQ h'
tl, fndaêi;a;ajfhda m%Ndj;Ska ksid
i;arÊcqre flfkla fu kqjr jg,d
.;a;dy hs hkq wid wo ojia udf.a
ufkdar:h uqÿka meñfKkafka hhs
udf.a fï .ug wd kshdj wo ojia
m%Ndj;S foujqmshkag lshkakS h" ta
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 31
 wid ud f.kajd f.k Wka ug mdjd
fo;s" tl, ud .;a ÿla id¾:l jkafka
hhs j<ka fidaOd ;ekam;a fldg ;nñ
is;d meka f.kjq;a j<ka fidaOkag
mgka.;ay" ti| j<ka fidaOñka isá
rÊcqrejka oel Èh‚hkag WrKj
“fl,a," f;da pKavd, tlla o" wjfYaI
ySk cd;sfhys tlla o fkdfyd;a fun÷
rdc jxYh kikag Wmka tlla o uÿ
rc l=,fhys Wmka f;da il, rdc
fu!,sud‚lHldka;Ska nn<k ,o
mdomSG we;s f;dmf.a j,a,N jQ l=i rcyq
,jd odi l%shd lrõ oe”hs mßNj ìKq h"
blaì;s m%Ndj;S f;du udf.a uE‚hka
jykafia ud ksid fï l=irÊcqrejka
jykafia wjq;a fukqjr jik nj fkd
okakd fiala jkehs is;d" “uE‚hka
jykai" uu pKavd, ia;s%hl;a fkd
fjñ" f;iq ySk cd;s tll;a fkd fjñ"
kqU jykafiaf.a rdcjxYh kik tll;a
fkd fjñ" fï blaIjdl= rdc jxYhg
k.k ,o fla;=jla jeks rÊcqrejka
jykafia hhs oksñ' bÈka kqU jykafia
odi flfkl= hehs fkd is;ñ” lshd
fndaêi;ajhkaf.a ftYaj¾h j¾Kkd
lrkakd jQ m%Ndj;S f;dfuda “uE‚hka
jykai" fï l=i rÊcqrejka jykafia
;%súOfõomdrm%dma; iodpdr ksr; jQ
úisoyila muK n%dyauKhka ud<s.dfhys
uOqrdkakmdKfhka ika;¾mKh lrjk
fiala o"
;j o rkai;a rkafmdfrdaÿ rka
ikakdyfhka iok ,o lkl.sß
isLr iqkaor jQ ;%suo.,s; jQ úisoyila
muK yia;Syq i;;fhka ieryS isáoao
hï rÊcqrejka jykafiaf.a m%pKav
udre;fhka fufyhk ,o Yr;a ld,fhys
fï>l+g kslr iqkaor jQ ufkda{
,laIKdkaú; rdcjdyk fhda.H jQ
fkdfhla wYajd,xldrfhka iryk ,o
32 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
úisoyila muK wYajfhda yeufõf,ys u
ikakoaO j isáoao"
;j o hï rÊcqrejkaf.a iqrf,daldj;S¾K
iqkaor úudkhla fuka fYdaNudk jQ
k.k ,o Oj,d; m;%fhka úrdcudk
jQ iryk ,o isxydikfhka iY%Sl jQ
iqriqkaoÍka iudk mqriqkaoÍka úiska
i,k ,o pdrepdurkslrdlS¾K jQ ish¨
r:d,xldrfhka úÑ;% fldg iryk
,o t,ajk,o uf,da,Uq u,aoï rkañ‚
lsls‚oe,ska fYdaNudk jQ úisoyila
muK r: ksrka;rfhka ie§ isà o"
;jo hï rdfcda ; a ; uhla y q f .a
OrŒ;,dj;S¾K ffklj¾K we;s
wN%l+g iyi%fhka fYdaNudk jQ
>k.¾ckdldr jDIN .¾ckd we;s
ksidk ;ïueg tleiafnr wdÈka iryk
,o msgq we;s úisoyila muK jDIN
rdcfhda u;a; yia;Ska fuka ;ma,d l=r
wek isá;a o"
;j o rla; kS, Yafõ; lDIAKd § jQ
wfkal j¾fKdÊj,s; wkjr;fhka
jEfykakd jQ laISr Odrd iyi%fhka
ikays÷jk ,o .%SIau ika;dmhka we;s
ila; jQ ;=x. ;rx. Nx.dldr we;s
úis oyila muK fokqka i;;fhka
rc; iaj¾Kuh Ndck mqrd laISr
fodaykh flfroao” hkd§ka m%Ndj;S
l=i rÊcqrejkaf.a hfYda úN+;sh
m%Yxid fldg “fun÷ jQ ftYaj¾h
we;s rdcdêrdchd kqU jykafia u
oiafldg is;k muK úkd uu tf,i
fkdis;ó” hkd§ka fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a
.=K l:kh l<dyq h'
tl, ìijq “f;dfuda u wiïNS;j
lshkakS h˜hs taldka;fhka woydf.k
uÿ rÊcqrejka lrd f.dia tmj;a lsjq
h' tnia wid rcacqrefjda hqyqj m%Ndj;Ska
lrd f.dia “Èh‚hks l=i rÊcqrejka
fukqjrg wdfha ienE oe”hs úpd<y'
ti| m%Ndj;Ska “tfia h" mshdKka
jykai Wka jykafia fukqjrg wjq;a
rdc l=udßldjrekag wrlaleñlï
lrkafka oeka i;a ufilehs lsjq h" ta
wid uÿ rÊcqrefjda Wkaf.a nia woyd
fkd f.k l=o le|jd úpdrd kshu
fldg oek “tU, fl,a," fjia j<d uqvq
fjiska meñK úIf>dar i¾mrdchl=
mßoafoka il, N=jk fYaLr jQ úYsIag
ldhn, [dKn, we;s ta l=i rÊcqrejka
fjiaj,d f;dm ksid óg wjq;a i;a
uila uq¿,af,ys ÿla .ksñka isáh §
wmg fkd lshd l< oE taldka;fhka
je/oafoa h” hkd§ka Èh‚hkag fodvd
fõ.fhka blaukaj fndaêi;a;ajhka
lrd f.dia iqjÿla úpdrd noaOd[ac,Sj
isg “uyrÊcqrejka jykai" i;a uila
uq¿,af,ys ÿla .ksñka isáh § kqU
jykafia fjia j<d wjq;a fu.u isá
nj fkd okqïy' ta wm fkd oek l<
wmrdOhla laIud lr jod< uekje”hs
hd{d l<y'
tnia wid uyd fndaêi;a;ajfhda “bÈka
uu ;o fldg lSï kï fudyqf.a <h
me<S hkafka h' tfyhsska wiajid lshñ”
is;d j<ka wiafiys isg “foajhka
jykai" fun÷ jQ uu iïm%dma; jQ
rdcHY%Sh yer m%Ndj;Ska flfrys
noaOdNs,dIfhka fjia j<d wjq;a
wrlaleñlï flfrñka ÿla jq‚ï o
ud l< ta wl¾;jHh u wêrdcHhkaj
isá ud n÷kag kqiqÿiq fyhska udf.a u
jerÈ úkd kqU jykafiaf.a je/oaola
ke;af;a h" tfyhska fï ud l< fohg
kqU jykafia u laIud fldg jod<
uekje”hs lSy'
ti| uÿ rÊcqrefjda uyd fndaêi;a;ajhka
úiska m%sh jpkfhka lshk ,o ms<si|r
l:d we;sj ikaf;daIm%dma;j m%didohg
f.dia m%Ndj;Ska le|jd “kqjK ke;s
;eke;a;sh" uydn, mrdl%u we;s l=i
rÊcqrejka lrd f.dia laIud lrjd
.kqj”hs lSy'
ti| m%Ndj;S msh rÊcqrejkaf.a nia
wid kÕ=ka yd mßjdr ia;S%ka úiska
msßjrd fndaêi;a;ajhka isá f;kg
.shd h' l=irÊcqrefjda o fufy lrñka
isg m%Ndj;Ska ;uka lrd tk kshdj
oek" “oeka uu uEf.a uka ì| udf.a
mdmsg ufvys u jeo fydjñ˜hs is;d
j<kaj, ;snQ meka ìu kud l,úgla
muK ;eka md.d fndr fldg fndr
uvfhys isáhdyq h' tl, m%Ndj;S
f.dia fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a m;af,ys bi
;nd uy mjkska uq,ska Wmqgd t,k
,o iaj¾K ;d,ialkaOhla mßoafoka
ufvys je;sr" ;udf.a iqrla;m,a,jdNs
rdu jQ uDÿfldau, md‚ hq.,fhka
fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a ;reKdreK lsrK
iïm¾lfhka m%úlis; jQ ikaOHdrd.
ks¾úfYaI m%Nd Ndiqr mdomoauhq.,h
w,ajd f.k urK Nhska mSä; j uy
y`äka y`v y`vd “foajhka jykai"
udf.ka fjkaj kqU jykafia úiska
rdcH Y%SúN+;sh yer wmuK ÿlaLfhka
hï muK l,la blaujk ,o o tmuK
ld,hla uq¿,af,ys ud úiskq;a ÿ¾fNdack
ÿlaLfihHd§ka yd iakdkmdk rys;
ùfuka kqU jykafia fia u ÿlska u
ojia hjk ,oafoa h' tfyhska ug fkd
lsmS laIud fldg jod< uekj'
;j o uy rÊcqrejka jykai" udf.a i;H
jpkhla weiqj uekj' uu fu;eka
mgka Èúysñfhka lhska jpiska ukiska
wukdmhla fkd is;ñ" fkd lrñ bÈka
ud fufia hd{d fjñka isáh § ug laIud
fkd fldg udf.a nia fkd ms<s.;a fiala
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 33
 ù kï oeka umshdKka jykafia fui;a
rcorejkag ud i;a lvla fldg lmd
fok fial' tfyhska ug laIud fldg
/lal uekjehs hd{d l<d h'
tl, l=i rÊcqrefjda m%Ndj;Skaf.a nia
wid “bÈka in|" f;ms u fõo okakd
ta ug wehs oehs lSï kï uqkaf.a <h
me,S hkafka h" tfyhska uqka wiajid
lshñhs is;d “m%Ndj;Sks" f;dm fï f,i
hd{d fjñka isáh § l=ula ksid f;dm
lSjd fkd flfrï o f;dm flfrys
udf.a u|l=;a fldamhla lkiai,af,la
ke;af;a h" ;j o f;dms lsis úgl;a fkd
nj" ;j o l,K .=Khka we;s rdcmq;%sh"
i;H jpkhla we;s lshñ' uu;a fu;eka
mgka lhska jpkska ukiska wm%shhla
fkd flfrñ' fï tl uÿ rc l=,h ;nd
fun÷ fkd fhla ish .Kka rdc l=,hka
u¾okh fldg ud leu;s mßoafoka
f;dm wer f.k hkag iu¾: jqj;a
uu f;dm ksid udf.a tn÷ rdcH Y%Sh
yer ySk l%shd flfrñka fuf;la ojia
uq¿,af,ys ÿla úkafoñ' tn÷ jQ ud fmkS
isáh § f;dmg lsis hï Nhl=;a ke;af;a
h”hs hkd§ka m%Ndj;Ska wiajid ish¨
rcmsßjßka msßjrk ,ÿj laI;%shudk
Wmojdf.k “ud Ôj;a j isáh § udf.a
Nd¾hdj wksfll= wer f.k fh;e”hs
flaYr isxyrdchl= fuka me,fUñka
“fï ish¨ id., kqjr jdiSyq ud fu;kg
wd nj oks;aj”hs wE; uE; mksñka
wNS;kdo mj;ajñka w;afmd,ika foñka
“oeka oeka ta fld,a,ka Ôj.%dyfhka
w,ajdf.k tñ'” ish¨ wka;#mqr jdiSka
wiajid “;j o u‚lkl rc;d§
úÑ;% Ñ;% l¾udka;fhka úrdcudk
jQ r: hdkdfjlays yslauqKd jQ lSlre
ish¨ wYajd,xldrfhka iryk ,o
wYajhka fhdoj' oeka oeka Y;%e
u:kh lrkakd jq udf.a n, mrdl%u
34 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
idu¾:Hh n,j'” hkd§ka wNS; kdo
mj;ajñka “Y;%eu:kh lsÍu ug Ndr
h" f;ms f;dmf.a ud<s.djg f.dia
biafidaOd kyd ieryS .k jeo ys÷jhs
m%Ndj;Ska t;kska kslaujQy' tl,
uÿ rÊcqrefjda o l=i rÊcqrejkag
msßia iryk ms‚i wud;Hhka hjQy'
ta ksfhda. ,o wud;Hfhda f.dia
uq¿;ekaf.hs ñÿf,ys jg;srhla ne|
t,jk ,o ta u.=,almqjd úiska lrk ,o
oe<s /jq¨ wkaoï ;sîï we;sj bia fidaOd
kyd ish¨ rdcdNrKfhka ieryS weu;s
u~q¨ wd§ oY fï ;eka msßjrd ud<s.djg
fhñka w;a fmd<ika foñka ish¨
wka;#mqr i;ajhka n, n,d i;=gqjk
mßoafoka wNS; kdo meje;ajQy'
tl, uÿrÊcqrefjda ukdj yslaujk
,o rkaie;a rka fmdfrdÿ rkaikakdy
l¾K pdurd§ ish¨ yia;Hd,xldrfhka
iryk ,oaod jQ k.k ,o Oj,d;m;% we;s
u.=,e;a iryd fndaêi;ajhka kef.k
ms‚i hejQy' tl, l=i rÊcqrefjda ta
we;= msg mek ke.S m%Ndj;Ska mYaÑu
wdikfha ys÷jd f.k p;=rx.s‚ fiakdj
úiska msßjrk ,ÿj kqjr kef.kysr
jdi,ska msg;a j lekys,a /ila uOHhg
jka flaYr isxyrdchl= mßoafoka
hqoaON+ñhg jeo “uï l=i rch" m%dKd¾:
flfkla näka ;,dfh;aj”hs lshd
wiksiïmd; ks¾f>daI f>dar fldg
;=kah,la isxykdo iajrfhka wNS; kdo
meje;a;+y'
ti| l=ikf¾kaøisxyhdf.a ta isxykdoh
wid Nhg m;aj bia Æ Æ w;
m,d f.dia m¾j; >k jk .ykdÈhg
jka uD.iQlrd§ka mßoafoka Y;%e
rcorejka msßjrd isá fkdfhla
ishoyia .Kka >k.¾ckdldr NSukdo
we;s NSufiakdkqldßfhdaOdNsrEV
;%suo.,s; ;reK lrjdrfKkaø fiakdj
o m%,hld, m%jD;af;daodr pKavudre;d
Ns>d; iskaOq;=x.;rx.Nx.dkqldß
rx.;=rx.dkqêIaÀ; jQ hqoaOu¾okdNs,dI
we;s oyia .Kka wirejka úiska Wm,laIs;
wYajfiakdjka o fõrïn jd;fhka
fm%aß;j f>darks¾f>daI mj;ajñka
È.dka;rdNsOdjkh lrk úoHq,a,;d
iyi%fhka iY%Sl jQ fï>l+gdkqldÍ
j r:d,xldrfhka iryk ,o úÑ;%
Oc m;dldNslS¾K .ïySrpl%èjks
we;s m%pKavfod¾oKavfldaoKav
ldKavdNs,laIs; m%n, fhdaOdêIaÀ;
r: fik. o kdkdfõY .%yK NSIK jQ
ÿ¾jdr.¾fjdaÈO; mjkd;smd;fõ. we;s
Lâ.uqoa.r f;daur l=ka;pdre pdmndKd§
úúOdhqO.%yKd;sNSIK wfkalfldaá
mdn< fiakdj oehs hkd§ fï fiakdj
urKNhska ;%ia;j isá msh isáh
fkd yS Nfhdakaudofhka uq¾Pdjg
meñK Tjqfkdjqka we¢k .; fkdyS
ish fikÕ u fldgd jgd Èj mek
úvdm;aj ta ta w; ÈjmQy'
ti| fïreidr jQ l=i rÊcqrefjda
ukaorm¾j;fhka w<,k ,o uydiuqøh
mßoafoka ksrdhdifhka ;ukaf.a
isxykdo ud;%fhka ta Y;%eid.rh u:kh
fldg m%Ndj;Skaf.a m%d‚.%yKh ms‚i
wd i;a rcqka Ôj.%dyfhka w,ajd chf.k
isá i| Yl%fofõkaøfhda ;ukaf.a
oyila kqjKeia fufyhd ukqIH
f,dalh n,d ta rKOr‚uOHfhys
Y;%ercorejka yd iu. úch Y%S
ldka;djf.a md‚.%yKh l< wmf.a
úiqoaO Y%S uydfndaêi;a;aj jQ l=irdcdê
rdfcda;a;uhd mrysxidjla fkd fldg
isxy kdo muKlska legla .eiQ lmqgq
/ila m,jk mßoafoka ksrdhdifhka
lrk ,o Y;%e fiakd u¾okh oel
i[acd; m%S;s m%fudaofhka m%uqÈ;j fï
W;a;u mqreIhdf.a úrEm;dj ÿre fldg
W;=ï rEm fi!kao¾hfhka irykag
Wj uekjhs is;d ;reKd¾l rYaóka
m%odkhla fuka §ma;su;aj úfrdapk
kï jQ wIagjxl ud‚lHr;akhla
;=Iaáodkfhka f.kyer Wria;,fhys
me<|jQy'
ti| uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda ti;a rcqka
w,ajd Tjqfkdjqkaf.a W;=re i¿fjka
msá;, whd ne| f.k ta rK N+ñfhka
fkdfhla chf>daId mj;ajd f.k
ud‚lH r;akfhys wdkqNdjfhka Èú
o<ka Tma k.d lrk ,o iaj¾K m%;sudjla
fuka úrdcudkj wkkH idOdrK Y%S
úN=;sfhka hqla;j iqrfika msßjrd
iqcd;djka yd ftrdjK jdykdrEV
j wiqr úch fldg wjq;a ffjchka;
m%idohg jokd Yl%foafõkaø ú,difhka
ud<s.djg jeo uÿ rÊcqrejka oel
“uhs,Kqjka jykai" kqU jykafiag
úreoaO j wjqÈka kqjr jg,d .;a Y;%e
fiakdj u:kh fldg rc orejka i;a
fokd Ôj.%dyfhka w,ajd f.k wdñ"
fudjqka ur;;a uerej uekj" yß;;a
y, uekj" jy,a fï .ks;;a .; uekj"
leue;a;la l< uekje”hs lSy'
tnia wid uÿrÊcqrefjda “uy rÊcqrejka
jykai wm weu fokdg u m%Odkj
isá fyhska fudyq kqU jykafiag u
i;=frda h" ur;;aa ;n;;a wß;;a kqU
jykafiag u leue;a;la l< uekje”hs
lSy'
uÿ rÊcqrejka úiska fuf,i lS
l,ays uyd fndaêi;a;ajfhda “fudjqka
urd ,nkafka lsï o" uqka yeu fï
kqjrg wd .uka jH¾: fkd fõjhs"
m%Ndj;Skaf.a k.=ka i;a fokd
rcorejka i;a fokdg fojd ,ñ” is;d
“foajhka jykai" ÈjHmairdjka iudk
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 35
 rEm fYdaNd we;s kqU jykafiaf.a ¥ka uymsßjßka fmr .uka fldg f.dia oel
i;a fokd furc orejkag mdjd § uqka i;=gqj fndaêi;a;ajhka le|jd f.k
yeu nEK fldg .; uekje“hs lsjQ h' kqjr meol=Kq fldg ud<s.djg jeo rdc
tnia wid uÿrÊcqrefjda uyd rÊcqre Y%Sfhys msysgjQy'
jykai" wmg;a Wkag;a kqU jykafia u t;eka mgka m%Ndj;Ska yd l=i rÊcqrejka
m%Odk fial' bÈka leu;s fiala ù kï yd fo fok tld;añl j iuÕ jdifhka
fojd jod< uekje“hs lsjQ h' Èú mu‚ka oi rc oyñka hqla; j rdcH
blaì;s l=i rÊcqrefjda tA laI;%sh Y%S wkqNj fldg fl<jr lï jQ mßoafoka
lkHdjka i;a fokd i¾jdNrKfhka ixidrhd;%dj l<dyq hhs ;sf,da.=re
iryd rcorejka i;afokdg uyu.=f,ka nqÿrcdKka jykafia O¾uiNduKavmhg
md‚.%yKh lrjd ÿkay' ti| rcorfjda /iajQ Ydikfhys Wlg,S jQ tA NslaIQka
i;afok ia;%Sr;ak m%;s,dNfhka jykafia m%Odk fldg we;s isjqjKla
w;sYfhka i;=gqj l=i rÊcqrejka je| m¾Iog fï w;S; l:dj f.kyer
wjir b,ajdf.k ;u ;ukaf.a rdcHhg olajd O¾u foaYkd fldg jodrd ÿlaL
u .shd y' i;Hh" iuqoh i;Hh" ksfrdaO i;Hh
blaì;s Wmdh fl!Y,H {dkh we;s ud¾. i;Hh hk p;=rd¾h i;Hhka
uydfndaêi;a;ajfhda lSmojila tys m%ldY fldg fï cd;l O¾u foaYkdj
jdih fldg uhs,a rÊcqrejkaf.ka mQ¾jdmrikaê .<md ksujd jod< fial'
wjir b,ajd f.k m%Ndj;Ska le|jd p;=iai;H O¾ufoaYkdjf.a fl<jr
f.k p;=rx.s‚ fiakdj msßjrd uy;a jQ Wlg,S jQ NslaIQka jykafia oyila khska
rdcdkqNdjfhka id., kqjßka kslau fyìhd jQ fidajdka m,fhys msysgd ksjka
ukd j iryd ms<sfh, lrk ,oaod jQ ÿgq fial'
k.k ,o Oj,d; m;% we;s úú;% Ñ;% tl, ujqmsh fofok iqfOdaok rÊcqrejka
l¾fudaÊj,s; jQ r:hdkdjlska f.dia yd uydudhd foaù jQy' chïm;s l=udrfhda
ud‚lHr;ak ldka;Ska m%Ndj;Ska yd kï O¾uNdKavd.dßl jQ wdkkao
úYsIag jQ rEm fi!kao¾h fYdaNdfjka ia:úrfhda jQy' tiufhysl=ÿ;a oeka
úrdcudkj úudkia:j .uka .;a isoaO LqÊcq;a;rd kï NslaIQŒ jQy' m%Ndj;S
hq.,hla mßoafoka l=idj;S rdcOdksfhys f;dfuda rdyq, ia:úrhkag ujq ìïndfoaú
ish¨ i;a;ajhkag fkf;%da;aij jQh" tiufhys rc msßia oeka nqÿ msßia
flfrñka kqjrg jkay' úh' m%Ndj;S ksid i;auila ÿlaf.k i;a
ti| fndaêi;a;ajhkaf.a uE‚fhda rcqka ukauev fifuys ;nd m%Ndj;Ska
iS,j;S foaú “l=i rÊcqrejka m%Ndj;Ska f.kjq;a rdcHh l< l=i rÊcqrefjda
lekaodf.k kqjrg wdy”hs hkq wid kï ;sf,da.=re nqÿ jQ uï u fõoehs ;uka
lEï îï wdÈ fndfyda WmlrK werf.k jykafia olajd jod< fial'

36 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu

oin,OdÍ - Yla;s úfYaI oyhla orkakd jQ

iqrdiqrjrpl% - W;=ï jQ iqr wiqr iuQyhdf.a
pdrepQvdu‚ - ufkda{ jQ is¿ñ‚j,
uÍÑi[ph - rYañ iuQyh

mßpqïì; - ism .kakd ,o

prK hq., we;s - md hqj,la we;s
isjq mkia fl<la - mkia y;r fldaáhla
pxl%uK uKavm ud,ld§ka - ilauka lsÍu i|yd ms<sfh, l< uKavm u¿ wdÈfhka
úrdcudk jQ - nenf<kakd jQ
moafuda;am, - fk¨ï" udfk,a
l=j,h l=uqÿ l,aydr - ks,a udfk,a" l=uqÿ yd fy,aue,s hk
l=iqfudamfYdaNs; - u,aj,ska w,xldrj;a jQ
mqIalrŒka ruH jQ - fmdl=Kqj,ska w,xldrj;a jQ
N+ñ m%foaY we;s - ìï fmfoila we;s
B¾hdm: úyrKfhka - bßhjq fjkia fldg jdih lrñka
iiafkys Wlg,S jQ - nqÿ iiqk ms<sn|j l,lsreKd jQ
i¾jdNrK úN+Is; - ish¨ wdNrKj,ska ieriqKq
ud;=.duhl= - ldka;djl
iqN ksñ;a; .%yKfhka - iqN ksñ;s .ekSfuka
laf,aY jYÕj - flf,iaj,ska hgm;a ù
kyrnyka - kyr je,a
ms<sis,a ls¨gq ùu h - jia;% keue;s is,a ls,sgq ùu
ler jeyeï - oe,s rejq¿ lemSu
vd jeySu h - vyÈh .e,Su
mxp mQ¾j ksñ;a;fhda - uq,ska u my< jk ksñ;s my
fkdfhla jHikhg - fkdfhl=;a úm;aj,g
mrÿlaL ÿlaÅ; jQ - wkqkaf.a ÿflys § ÿlg m;a jQ
lreKd ksOdk jQ - lreKdjg ksOdkhla jQ
lv;=rdjla my fldg - frÈ lvla bj;a fldg$;srhla uE;a fldg
Njfhka m%;sÉðkak jQ - Njfhka ^iir .ukska& jeiS .shd jQ
bl=;a j;a - w;S; l:d jia;=j
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 37
 lD; hq. uyd fï>hla - lD; hq.fha § we;s jk úYd, jeys j,djla ^lD; hq. hkq
f,dj b;d iuDoaOj mj;sk j¾I 17"28000la jQ l,amfhys
m%:u Nd.h hs'&
oi rdc O¾ufhka - rdcH md,kfha § ;sìh hq;= .=K O¾u oyfhka
^odkh" YS,h" mß;Hd.h" Rcq nj" uDÿ nj" ;mi"
wfl%dOh" wúysxidj" bjiSu" wúfrdaO;dj hk rdc O¾u
oyh&
mqrx.kdjkag - wka;#mqrfha ia;S%kag
úkiafka h - úkdY jkafka h
mqr fodrg - k.rfha m%Odk fodrgqj <Õg
iS ueÿre ljq¿j yrjd - isxy rEmdldr cfka,h wrjd
wkHdhla - jerÈ iy.; ls%hdjla
fudr .jq oehs - lE .ikakdyq oehs
wO¾uldÍ - wOd¾ñl jQjla lrk
iq¿ k¿ uq¿ /lj,a yer - l=vd kdgH lKavdhïj, wdrlaIdj bj;a fldg
weúÈkdj - weúÈkq ms‚i
ÿrdpdÍ - jerÈ lghq;=j, fhÿKq
iS,dpdr - iS,fhys yeisfrk
mdKavqlïn, ffY,dikh - mdKavqlïn, kï .,a wdikh
cr m%dma; - crd ;;a;ajhg m;a jQ
ms<sl=f,ka fm<S - ms<sl=,a iy.; yeÕSfuka mSvdjg m;a ù
o`vq ueis we;s - ,S ueiaila iys;
yrkd ,o fodr me,,s we;s - újD;j ;nk ,o fodr me,e,a,la iys;
Wol,dfhñ - ;ksj jdih lrñ
jefodjehs - ^jeo¬Tje hs& ksod .kake hs
Èj myia ,en - ÈjH iam¾Yh ,eî
úix{ je - isys uQ¾ÉPd ù
jrodkhla - fYa%IaG jQ §ukdjla$W;=ï §ula$leu;s hula §ula
oi tlv uila - tlla wv oi uila ^udi kuh yudrla&
ftYap¾h mdjd § - iïm;a ,nd §
YS% úN+;sh - iïm;a rdYsh
lïñ;a;l - odishl
lï lsï oehs - m%fhdackh l=ula oehs
.Dy jdifhka - .sys f.or jdih lsÍfuka

38 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

;rd,a fogqjl= - rkalre kdhlfhl=
iqr;a flduq ms<shla - flduq kQf,ka úhk ,o r;a meye;s jia;%hla
YS% hyka .¾Nfhys - ksod .kakd ldurfhys
nvd,d f.kd - rkalrejd f.k wd
hk tk ux yi - hk tkakd jQ ud¾.h wi,
nd,d¾l rYañhg - <má iQ¾hhdf.a rYañhg
m%§mdf,dalhla - myka t<shla
taldf,dal jkafka h' - wf,dalfhka msfrkafka h'
^tl u t<shla jkafka h&
kyk meka - kEu ms‚i jQ c,h
mßNj - kskaod
fldmq,f;ys - lïuqf,ys$lïuq,g
n,. - n,kq uekú
lrk ,o iïNdjkd we;sj - lrk ,o f.!rj lsÍï we;sj
wNS; kdo we;s - ìfhka f;dr y`vla we;s
we;s kshdj - isák wdldrh$isák nj
fhfy<‚hka - f,a<sh
Ègqyq kï - ÿgqjdyq kï
ksiaiy - iqÿiq h
lfodame‚hka - lKdueÈßhka
ksIam%N - wf,dalhla ke;s
we;a b,;a;shla - we;a jiqre ms`vla
wiajid - ikijd
yia; úldr - w;ska lrk Wiq¿ úiq¿
uqL úldrfhka - uqyqfKka lrk úldr lghq;=
j<yd lsjQ h - we;a; iÕjd lsjqjd h$jxpd fldg$rjgd lsjqjd h
m<uq fldg u ngq h - uq,ska u neiafia h
mqIamM, m,a,jfhka - u,a"f.ä iy o¨j,ska
i[aPkak jQ - .ejiqKd jQ
mkd - fldia

fndl,a - ie<,sys‚
mia mshqfuka - ´¨" l=uqÿ" udfk,a" r;= fk¨ï iy iqÿ fk¨ï
ÿ¾uqL jQ j,a,Nhdf.ka - úrEmS iajdñhdf.ka

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 39

 jkakdg - úh hq;a;la fõjd
.uka wkqo;ay - hEu wkqu; l<y
neoE‚fhda - jeä uy¨ fidfydhqrdf.a ìß|
mdo mßpdßld - ìß|
mQ¾j ls%hd - fmr lrk ,o lghq;=
wjfYaI kdgl ia;S%yq - b;sß ks<sfhda
Ok OdkHd§ka Nß; jQ - Ok OdkHfhka msÍ .shd jQ
we;a we‚ - we;a yuqodj
mxp ll=O NdKavhka - rc flfkl= nj wÕjk NdKav my
^k<,a mg" uÕ=,a lvqj" rkañßjeä iÕ,"
o< mq`vq fiai;" j,a úÿkdj&
WmfNda. mßfNda. jia;=fjka - je,| f.k m%fhdackhg .kakd wdNrK jeks jia;= yd
mßyrKh lrk fjk;a jia;=j,ska
rka uqvul - rka n÷kl
miÕ msysgqjd - fooK" foje,ñg iy k<, fmd<fõ jÈk f,i isg
m[apdhqO - ÿkq" uq.=re" wvhá" m;a fldfyd,a iy mdrd j<¨
fidá - fy,a,

mhsfhys - u,af,ys$l+fvys
fldlko - tkï ùKdj
ms<smkaj - nei
wkqokakd ,ÿj - wkqu; lrkq ,enQ miq
;;a iryd - ùKdfõ ;;a ilia fldg f.k
wia:dk hehs - kqiqÿiq ;ek hhs
fmr n;a - Wfoa wdydrh
w;ejeisj - iómfhys jdih lrk ;eke;af;l= ù
j<ka Wld - j<ka idod
m,yd - mq¨iaid
fkd j<yd - fkd iÕjd
Wkaf.a k.= - wehf.a ke.‚hka
f;du - f;dfuda
iudê jQ fial - tlÕ jQ fial$wkqu; l< fial
k<lrejd - k<d msôkakd
;,a jegla - ;,a ,Shla
40 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
Tvu - n÷k
u,aiqUq,la - u,a je,la$u,a orKqjla$ud,d pqïnglhla
f;iqk.== - wksl=;a fidfydhqßfhda
ÿï lrjQy - f;ïmrdÿ lrjQy$iqj|j;a lrjQy
iqÕla - álla
ufkdar:h - isf;a mej;s wfmalaIdj
uia;lm%dma;j - uqÿka m;aj
jiqka lo - wdydr lo
ÿ¾fNdack - lgql wdydr
ySk ls%hdfjka - ;udg fkd .e<fmk lghq;=j,ska
ÿlaL fihHdfjka - ÿlanr ;ekaj, ksod .ekSfuka
il=re mQjla - me‚ lejqula
od ye,S .sh - ms,siaiqKq
ó b| - fuys ys|$fuys kej; isg

uqj fmd,a,kag - uqj megjqkag

fyaudNrK - rkska iE¥ wdNrK ^fyau¬wdNrK&
úN+Is; - irik ,o
là m%foaY - Wl=¿ fmfoia
laf,aYdkaOldrfhka - flf,ia keue;s w÷frka ^laf,aY¬wkaOldr&
Èla úNd.fhys - tla tla ÈYdj fjka fldg y÷kd .ekSfuys
úms,sirj - miq;eú,af,ka
jiak - wdydr f.k wd Ndckh
mels, - mg,eù$.eà
j<ka w`vjd - j<xj,ska Yío kxjd
yS - ìu jeà
f,daldiajdor;s - f,dalhd úiska ñysß hehs ms<s.;a oehg we;s we,au$
iïfNda. iqLh
o¾Yk ,dNdÈ ftYap¾h - oelSug ,eîu wdÈ iïm;a
iafkayr;s - wdorfhka lrk ,o we,au
ms<sn| is;ska - neÿKd jQ is;ska$m%;snoaO jQ is;ska
fnd<|lñka - fkd okakdlu ksid
leK - ydrd

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 41

 >¾ufhka mSä;j - oeä WKqiqfuka mSvdjg m;aj
;o mreI nia - is; ßfok oeä jpk
pdgq - /já,sldr
ufkda{ - is;g .e<fmk
wx. m%;Hx.dÈ - wÕ miÕ wdÈ fldg we;s ^wx.¬m%;s¬wx.¬wdÈ&
wfkal fldaá pdgq kdgl ia;S%ka - wm%udK jxpdldr ks<shka
wkka; iduka; pl% - wm%udK jQ m%dfoaYsl rcjreka iuQyhdf.a
fu!,sud,d,d,s; - Tgqkqj, rYañ iuQyfhka ke<jqKq
mdo mSG - md mqgq$md ;nd .kakd mqgqj
fma%udkaú; - fma%ufhka hqla; ^fma%u¬wkaú;&
ydj Ndj ,S,d - YÍr ,laIK wdÈfhka iajdNdúlj weÕfjk iy ufkdaNdj
jYfhka m%lg lrjk rd.dÈ iajrEm
lgdlaI ksÍlaIK - weia fldka ne,au ^lg¬wlaI&
ukaoiañ; - u| isky
uOq uOqr NdIs; - ó me‚ fuka ñysß jpk
fi!Nd.Hfhka hqla; - ms%h Wmojk iajNdjfhka hqla;
fldau,dx. - isks÷ wÕmiÕ we;s
rEIagj - oeä fldamhlska hqla;j
iaks.aO - isks÷$iaafkayfhka hqla;
j÷re ,dfjys - j÷rka we,a,Sug fh¥ ,dgqj,
Yla;j - we,S ^ila;j - we,S&
m%;Hq;a;rfhka - kej; ,nd ÿka W;a;rfhka$ms<s;=frka
^m%;s¬W;a;r&
;o uka - oeä udkh
ovq uqiq iS,a n;a - oxl=v ñY% yS,an;a
uOqrdkakmdk - ñysß wdydr mdk
ldu ;DIaKdkqrd.fhka - ldu ;Kaydfjka ne£
fkd weiq lkaj - fkd weiqKq lka we;sj$kEiqKdla fuka
le,u fõ o - taldka;fhka u ,efí o
l%fudakak;j - l%ufhka by<g uy;a ù .sh

W!re hq.,la - l,jd hqj,la

iujdfhka - tlg ne£ mj;akd

fm%au oDIaáfhka - fma%u iy.; ne,afuka

42 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

fijdmQ kï - iekiqfõ kï
;reKd¾l rYaóka - ;reK iQ¾h rYañfhka
m%úlis; - ukd f,i msìÿKq
irisrey fidaor - fk¨ïu,la fia we,aula we;s lrjk
fldu, md‚ m,a,jfhka - ishque,s w;a keue;s ,d o¨j,ska
flahQr - YÍr wdNrKhla
lkl lgl - rka j<¨
kQmqr - mfha m,¢k wdNrK úfYaIhla
rikd - fujq,aou
;e,s uqÿ - ;e,a, iy uqÿ
jyka mgka - jyka iÕf,a mgka
fodrg msg ,d - fodrg msg me;af;ka
t<sm;a mäh - t<shg nisk ;ek ;sfnk mäfhys
wj uekj - tkq uekj
úpr - m%udKh
welfhys je;sr T;a - Wl=f<ys je;sÍ ksod.;a
lráh w,a,d - fn,af,ka w,a,d
fufl,s - fï fl,a,
ðõydÉfþokh - Èj lmd oeóu
wfrdaymßKdyfhka hqla; jQ - Wig .e<fmk uy;ska hqla;$lvjiï
isoaOdx.kd m%;sNd. - fnfy;a n,fhka ydialï olajk ldka;djka fuka
wmßñ; - iSud rys;
uqla;dud‚lH - uq;=ue‚la
ixL - ylaf.ä
is,d - rka Tínd ilia l< uqx meye;s ue‚la .,a úfYaIhla
m%jd, - mn¿
lkl rc; - rka ߧ

;s%uo .,s; - ;=ka ;eklska uo c,h je.=reKq ^fo lïuq, yd ryiÕ&

l=rúflú,a,kag - fldals, mlaIs úfYaIj,g
,Sf,dafma; - iajNdjfhka hqla; ^,S,d¬Wfma;$,S,dfjka hqla;&
.ïNSfrdaodr - .eUqreWodr
uOqr Y%jŒh - weiSug ñysß

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 43

 luŒh - is;a w,jk
m%;HkSh - kej; weiSug ms%h Wmojk ^wY=oaO mdGhla&
iajhïN+{dkfhka - wfkHdamfoaY rys;j ;udu u my< jQ i¾j{;d {dkh
m%;sfõO lrk ,o - wjfndaO lr .kakd ,o
wlaIr ,sÅ; .‚; .dkaO¾jdÈ - wl=re ,sùu" .‚;h" ix.S;h wdÈ jQ
wIagdoY úoHdia:dkdÈ - bf.k.; hq;= oy wgla úoHd wdÈ jQ
wfkalY; m%fNao - fkdfhla ish .Kka fldgiaj,ska
Nskak Ys,amhka - ì£ .sh Ys,am
wkkHidOdrK - fjk;a lsisjl= yd iudk ke;s
iqN.=Ku‚.=KdlS¾K - hym;a .=K keue;s ue‚la iuQyfhka .ejiqK
blaIajdl=jxY iïN+; - blaIajdl= ^Tlaldl& keue;s jxYfhys Wmka
isksoi - fifkyi
oKavd>d; - ,Shlska myr lE
úIf>dar i¾mhka - oeä úI iys; i¾mhka
hqoaOdNsuqLj - hqoaOhg iQodkï ù$uqyqK ,d
f;iafida - fiiq wx.$b;sß wh
cdïfndako iaj¾Khg n÷ jQ - cïnq kÈfhys Wmka r;arkaj,g iudk jQ
rkalñka úis;=re - r;arka fh§fuka úÑ;% jQ
;=jr,d - tkï iqj| øjHh
iqj| iqkafkka W,d - iqj| iqkq ;jrd
Tma k.k ,o - Tm oeuQ$oel=ï l¨ l<
o< lv ñgq - we;a o< lene,a,la iú l< ñgla we;s
uqL ìïnh - uqyqfKa ms<sìUqj
ouk ,ÿj - w;ayer oeuQ miq
j,e - le,fhys
wla nUqre - fmdl=gq$w.ska lrlejqKq
idkaÿ cndÿ wdÈ jQ - tkïj,ska ye¢kafjk iqj| øjH
wdl=, jHdl=, fldg - wjq,a úhjq,a fldg
;=kq f,dñka - YÍrfha f,dauj,ska
fldlakdjqka úiska - .scq ,sys‚hka$jDlhka úiska
iaj¾Kd;d, M,hg n÷ jQ - rkska l< ;,a f.ähla jeks jQ
iaj¾K pl%jdl hq.,h fuka - rka ilajd,sys‚ hqj,la fuka
kqyqKqjd jQ - bjid .; fkd yels jQ

44 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

jgug jQ - rjqï jQ o Tm uÜgï jQo
fldl=uÕrd - l=xl=u keue;s iqj| øjHfhka
uq;=yßka - uq;=je,ska
;,d y`vd fj,d - ;e,Su we`ãu iy fj<Sfuka
leg lrk ,o - leá l<
rka riq oe,a - rkska l< l=vd f.Êð je,a$rkska iE¥ ryqf.ä je,a
ridhkh - rihla ,nd fok jia;=$bkaøsh mskjk jia;=
hd{dj lshd;a - whdpkd l<;a
foux w;=frlays - ud¾. folla we;s ia:dkhla w;r
ysu ld,hdf.a - ysu jefgk ld,fha
rkaiquqÕla mqrd - rkska l< lr`vqjla mqrd
Trmsg - Wl=f<ys
fld<Uqjla - jdä ùu i|yd ,Sfhka iE¥ WmlrKhla$,S fldghla
yeiqKq - ukd f,i msreKq$ yev.eiqKq
isÕ=j,Õ - bÕ m%foaYh
tu msh fkd ueflk f;la- ta md igyka uelS hkakg;a fmr
humqrhg - huhdf.a mqrhg
wkh jHikhg - wl%uj;a úm;aj,g
Wÿ, - nen¿Kq
fïL,dodufhka - fujq,aofuka$ldka;djka bfKa m,|k wdNrKhla
úrdcudk - nn<k

wiïNskak - fkd levqKq$fkdì÷Kq

iQ¾hjxY m%iQ; - iQ¾h jxYfhys Wmka

f.!rù¾h úl%u iukaú; - Y+r" ùr" úl%u hk .=Kdx.j,ska hqla;

iïNdjkd - .re lsÍï
u‚lkl - ue‚la iy r;arka

m%;sNd. - jeks jQ

mxpdx.sl - wx. mylska hqla;

wkjr;fhka - ks;r
wfkalY;u;a;yia;Syq - fkdfhla ish .Kka u;a jQ we;a;=
úN+Is; - iryk ,o

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 45

 isoaO úoHdOrhka - fnfy;a n,fhka o úoHd;aul jYfhka o ydialï lrkakdjqka
wkkH idOdrK - ^k¬wkH> wkkH& fjk;a lsisfjl= iómfhys olakg fkd
,efnk
.=K.KNrK úN+Is; - Wiia .=K iuQyh keue;s wdNrKj,ska ieriqK
fY!rù¾h - Y+r iy ùr
n,mrdl%u - Yla;sh iy mrdl%uh ^ùr;ajh&
m%;dm m%{d.=K we;s - wkqka ;jk iq¨ .=Kh iy kqjK hk .=Kj,ska hqla;
wd<dßlj - ;ukaf.a Yla;s úfYaIh m%o¾Ykh fkd fldg
w{dkfhka uQV jQ - fkd oekqj;alñka uq<d jQ
il,rdc - ish¨ rcjrekaf.a
fu!,sud‚lHldka;Ska - Tgqkqj, ue‚la t<sj,ska
mßNj ìKQ h - wmydid;aul jpk lSjd h
;s%úO fõomdrm%dma; - ;s%fõofhys mrf;rg meñ‚
iodpdr ksr; - hym;a yeisÍfuys kshqla;
uOqrdkakmdkfhka - ñysß wdydr mdkj,ska
ika;¾mKh lrjk - i;=gg m;a lrjk
iqÅ; uqÈ; - iqjhg iy i;=gg m;a jQ
.DfydaoHdk - f. Whka
úµq,a,;d iYS%l - úÿ,sh t<sfhka msÍ .sh
ñysÕ= fnr y`äka - uDox. kñka oelafjk fnr úfYaIfhys kdofhka
flldkdofhda - flaldrdj" fudkr y`v
wkqrd.fhka Nß; fõ o - rd.S yeÕSïj,ska nr fõ o
YS% fi!Nd.Hh yd ftYap¾h úfYaI- iqkaor Ndjh iy iïm;a rdYsh
il, Y;%e u¾okh lrkakd jQ - ish¨ i;=rka uev mj;ajkakd jQ
rkai;a - rkska l< l=v$P;%
rka fmdfrdaÿ - we;a n| ueo n|kd rka fhd;a
rka ikakdyh - rkska l< hqo we÷u
lkl .sß isLr iqkaor jQ - r;arka m¾j; uqÿka fuka oel=ïl¨ jQ
i;;fhka - ks;r
m%pKav udre;fhka - ie`v iq<Õska
fï>l+g kslr - jeis j,d iuQyfhka
rdc jdyk fhda.H jQ - rc flfkl=g .uka lsÍug iqÿiq jQ
iqrf,daldj;S¾K jQ - foõ f,djg nei wd
Oj,d;m;%fhka - wõ rYañhg Tijk iqÿ l=vfhka

46 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

pdrepdurkslrdlS¾K - ^pdre¬pdur¬kslr¬wdlS¾K&
ufkda{" j,aúÿkd iuQyfhka .ejiqKq
uf,da,Uq u,aoï - ^u,a¬´,Uq& u,a t,a,k ,o ud,dodu
rka ñ‚ lsls‚ oe,ska - rka" ue‚la iy lsxls‚ oe,aj,ska
OrŒ;,dj;S¾K - fmd<jg nei .;a
wN%l+g iyi%fhka - jeis j,d oyia .Kkska
>k.¾ckdldr - jeis j,djl f.rjqï y`vg iudk y`vla we;s
ksidk - fnr úfYaIhla
;ma,d - ;mamq,d
rla; kS, Yafõ; lDIaKdÈ jQ - r;=" ks,a" iqÿ" l¿ wdÈ jQ
j¾fKdaÊj,s; - j¾Kj,ska §ma;su;a jQ
.S%Iau ika;dmhka - wõ rYañh ksid we;s jk mSvk
ila; jQ - we¨Kq
;=x. ;rx. Nx.dldr - Wia jQ uqyqÿ r< ìf|k iajrEm we;s
laISr fodaykh - lsß foùu
hfYdaúN+;sh - lS¾;s loïnh$ls;a /i
oia fldg - odi ;;a;ajhg m;a fldg
wiïNS;j - ìfhka f;drj
il, N=jk fYaLr jQ - uq¿ fmdf<da ;,hgu uqÿka u,a lvla jQ
fjia j<d - fjia udre fldg f.k
óg wjq;a - fï ia:dkhg meñK
noaOd[ac,Sj - neoe¢,s we;sj$je|$kuialdr fldg
iïm%dma; jQ rdcHYS%h - ,enqKq rc iem;
noaOdNs,dIfhka - n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka hqla;j
wl¾;jHh - fkd l< hq;= foa
ms<si|r l:d - iqj ÿla úuiSï jYfhka flfrk l:d
ikaf;daI m%dma;j - i;=gg m;aj
udf.a mdmsg - udf.a md u;
ufvys u jeo fydjñ - uv f.dfvys oud ksÈ lrjñ
l,úgla - lu;la
m;af,ys bi ;nd - m;=,a u; ysi ;nd
iaj¾K ;d,ialkaOhla - rka ;,a l|la
uDÿ fldau, md‚ hq.,fhka - uDÿ jQ o ishqï jQ o w;a folska
;reKdreK lsrK iïm¾lfhka - ;reK jQ wreKdf,dalh iu. .eàfuka
m%úlis; jQ - ukdj msìÿKq
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 47
 ikaOHdrd. ks¾úfYaI - ikaOHd ldka;shg jvd fjkia fkd jQ
m%Nd Ndiqr - ldka;sfhka §ma;su;a jQ
mdomoau hq.,h - md mshqï hqj,
iakdk mdk rys; ùfuka - kEu iy îu fkd ue;s ùfuka
i;H jpkhla we;s lshñ - we;a; jQ hula m%ldY lrk nj lshñ
laI;s%hudk - laI;s%h l=,fhys Wmka ksid we;s jk .¾jh
me,fUñka - Woaoduhg m;a fjñka
Y;%e u:kh - i;=rka u¾okh lsÍu$hg;a lsÍu

oe<s /jq¨ wkaoï ;sîï - wkaoï ;nd oe<s /jq,a lemSu

oY fï ;eka msßjrd - ;k;=re ,enQ oi msßila msßjrd

m%dKd¾: flfkla - Ôj;a ùug wfmalaId lrkafkla
näka ;,d fh;ajhs - nv .d f.k fh;ajd
wiks iïmd; ks¾f>daI f>dar fldg - wl=Kq y`v ;j;a oeä fldg
m¾j; >k jk .ykdÈhg jka - m¾j; iys; úYd, le,Ejlg we;=¿ jQ
>k .¾ckdldr NSu kdo we;s - fï> .¾ckdjl we;s ìhlre y`vla ;sfnk
NSu fiakdkqldÍ - NSu keue;s mdKavjhdf.a fiakdj wkqlrKh lrkakd jQ
fhdaOdNsrEV - fhdaOhka ke. isák
lrjdrfKkaø fiakdj - kdhl we;a fiakdj
m%,hld, - l,amdka;fhys uqyqfoa le,öu we;s jk ld,fhys
m%jD;af;daodr pKav udre;dNs>d; - mej;=Kq w;s úYd, oreKq iq<Õ .eàfuka
isxOq;=x. ;rx. Nx.dkqldÍ rx. - uqyqfoys Wia jQ ;rx. iuQyh ì|f.k hk iajrEm we;s
;=rx.dkqêIaÁ; - wYajhka msg ke.=Kq
hqoaOu¾okdNs,dI we;s - hqoaOh u¾okh lsÍfï wfmalaIdjla we;s
wiarejka úiska Wm,laIs; - wYajdfrdaylhkaf.ka ieÿï ,;a
fõrïn jd;fhka fma%ß;j - fõrïn keue;s iq<Õska fufyhjk ,ÿj
f>dar ks¾f>daI mj;ajñka - oreKq jQ rdj m%;srdj kxjñka
È.dka;rdNsOdjkh lrk - ÈYd fl<jrg u ÿjkakd jQ
úoHq,a,;d iyi%fhka iYS%l jQ - úÿ,sh oyia .Kkska fmdaIKh jQ
fï>l+gdkqldÍ - jeys j,dl=¿ wkqlrKh lrkakd jQ
Ocm;dldNslS¾K - f,dl= l=vd fldäj,ska .ejiqKq
.ïNSr pl% èjks - frdaoj,ska kef.k .eUqre y`v we;s
m%pKav fodaroKav fldaoKav ldKavdNs,laIs; - foda¾oKav fldaoKav wdÈ ÿkq yS;, .;a b;d oreKq

48 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

fhdaOdêIaÀ; - fhdaOhka ke. isák
kdkd fõY .%yK NSIK jQ - úúO jQ fjia .ekSfuka ìysiqKq jQ
ÿ¾jdr .¾fjdaoaO; - fkd je<elaúh yels wyxldrlfuka WvÕ= jQ
mjkd;smd;fõ. - iq<fÕa fõ.h blaujd iy fõ.hla we;s
nâ. uqoa.r f;daur l=ka; pdrepdm ndKdÈ - lvq" uq.=re" f;daur" l=ka;" oel=ïl¨ ÿkq" B;, wdÈ
úúOdhqO.%yKd;sNSIK - úúO jQ wdhqO .ekSfuka w;s ìysiqKq jQ

Nfhdakaudofhka uQ¾cdjg meñK - ìh ksid we;s jk Wu;= núka isys uq<djg m;a j

jgd Èj mek - jfÜg ÿjñka bj;g mek f.dia

fïreidr - uyd fïre m¾j;h fuka idrj;a jQ
ukaor m¾j;fhka w<,k ,o - ukaor m¾j;fhka l,Uk ,o
md‚.%yKh - w; .ekSu
rKOrŒ uOHfhys - hqo ìfï ueo
úch YS% ldka;djf.a - ch.%yKh keue;s YS% ldka;djf.a
úiqoaO - w;smdßY=oaO$b;d msßisÿ
i[acd; mS%;s m%fudaofhka m%uqÈ;j - yg.;a m%fudaoh iy mS%;s hk folska Woï ù
;reKd¾l rYaóka - ;reK iQ¾hhdf.a rYañfhka
m%odkhla fuka - úfYaI §ukdjla fuka
;=Iaá odkfhka - i;=áka fok §ula jYfhka
Èú o<ka - Èúhkaf.a o;a
ftrdjK jdydkdrEV - ftrdjK kï we;d msg ke.
jy,a fï - jy,a fufyh$jy,a lghq;=
jH¾: - ksIaM,
ia;S%r;ak m%;s,dNfhka - ldka;d r;akhka ,eîfuka
Wmdh fl!Y,H{dkh - m%fhda.fhys l=Y,;d{dkh$Wmdh fh§fuys we;s olaI;dj
iïnkaO kqjK
Ñ;% l¾fudaÊj,s; - is;=jïj,ska nen¿Kq
úudkia:j - úudkfha ys|
isoaO hq.,hla mßoafoka - fnfy;a n,fhka ydialï lrk hqj,la f,i
fkf;%da;aij - ^fka;%¬W;aij& weig ms%h Wmojk o¾Yk
tald;añlj - tl u wd;auhla we;a;ka fuka
Èú muKka - Ôú;h mj;sk ;dla
ixidr hd;%dj - iif¾ .uka lsÍu
isjqjKla - j¾. i;rlg wh;a
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 49
 m¾Iog - msßig
oyila khska fyìhd jQ - l%u oyilska hqla; jQ
uka uev - udkh ÿre fldg
fifuys ;nd - iduh we;s fldg

i¾j{;d {dk - ish,a, okakd kqjK$nqoaO;ajhg m;a jk wjia:dfõ

§ ,enqKq úfYaI {dkh
,;a Ok if;la - ,nd .;a wd¾h Ok y;la

wm ,d ,d wd rlj,a ke;s fyhska - wm úiska ;nd wd jia;=jlg fhdok ,o wdrlaIdjla ke;s

ksid
;=nqjd ke; - ;=nQ fohla ke;$/l .;a fohla ke;
ug u;= - ug muKla
wkq fkdo;a - wkqu; fkd l<
ì;; - ì;a;sfhys
Wlg,Sj - WodiSk ù
ysifla ys‚ fkd .kakd f;la - ysiflia úhf<kakg$f;; isf|kakg
tla jka - tl úg
hym;a;= o - fhda.H hehs ^iqÿiq oehs& ;SrKh flf¾ o
flf,iqka - is; ¥IKh lrk lreKq$O¾u
flf,iqka f.jd .kag kqjqj fyd;a - laf,aYhka úkdY lsÍug fkd yels jQfjd;a
kshdjg - wdldrhg
nUir - n%yau p¾hdfjys$fYa%IaG yeisÍfuys
yeoys,s - úYajdih$ms<s.ekSu
ixluq;a - meúÈlu;a$uyKlu;a
f.h lUqrkakd fia - f.h ;=< u ÿla ú¢ñka jev lghq;= lrkakd fia
fmr<s ykag ;=nQ fohla - fjkia ù hEug ;=nQ jia;=jla$fmr<S hkakg ;=nQ fohla
fkd fyk f,i - fkd jefgk f,i$fkd fmrf<k f,i
;kd ;nd .kakd fia - ilia fldg ;nd .kakd fuka
fmr<d - kej;
i;r iSjgka - i;r i;smÜGdkh
urd - myr §
Nfjda;am;a;s ke;s ùug - ;j;a Njhl W;am;a;sh ,eîu ke;s ùug
.ïNSrdrKH - úYd, jkdka;r
.,a mdjq¿ - l÷ nEjqï

50 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

wnji - bv we;s ;ek$ksoyia ;ek
yqKq - jegqKq
tla úis wkafõIK - fidhd ne,Sï úis tlla$,dN Wmhk ud¾. ^WK
.ia §u" nq,;a §u wdÈ& úis tllaa

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' l=i cd;lh mdGl" Y%djl is;a ;=< ydiH rih ckkh lrk l;d jia;=jls'
ksoiqka ;=klaj;a fhdod.ksñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
2' cd;l l;dlrejd ñksiqkaf.a .+V is;=ú,s oek ye¢k tajd mdGlhd yuqfõ
bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrh l=i rcqf.a pß;h weiqfrka úuiqug ,la lrkak'
3' ienE f,dalfha ldka;djlf.a Ñ;a; iajNdjh mndj;shf.a pß;fhka ksrEmKh
fjhs' ksoiqka ;=klaj;a foñka idlÉPd lrkak'
4' l=i cd;lfhka ksrEmKh jkafka ird.S is;=ï ñi msú;=re fifkyi fkdfõ'
l;d mqj; weiqfrka úuikak'
5' l=i cd;l l;dfõ m%n, ixl,am rEm uefjk wjia:d ;=kla úuiqug n÷ka
lrkak'
6' cd;l l;dlrejd l=i cd;lh rij;a j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd NdIdj yiqrejd
we;s wdldrh ms<sn| úuisSula lrkak'
7' cd;l l;dlre mndj;sh flf¾ mdGl is;a ;=< Wmydih ckkh l< wdldrh
úia;r lrkak'
8' l=i cd;lh lshjk úg § fyda wid isák úg § wmQ¾j jd.aÑ;% ueùu tu l;d
mqjf;a úfYaI;ajhls' tjka wjia:d ;=kla ms<sn| úia;r lrkak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 51

 3 iqNdIs;h

iS;djl wjêh
isxy, WmfoaY ldjHhla m<uq jrg rpkd jkafka fldaÜfÜ idys;H
iufha h' ta ùod.u udysñhkaf.a f,dajev iÕrdj hs' fo jekak iS;djl
iufha w,.shjkak uqlfjá;=udf.a iqNdIs;h hs' ^ls%(j( 1611&
l=i,fhys w.h" iqok ÿok .=K" fndre fkd lSfï w.h" WvÕ= fkd
ùu" W.;=kaf.a iajNdjh wdÈh tajdfhka meyeÈ,s flf¾' fïjd tÈfkod
iudcfha Ôj;a jk úg wjYH jk idrO¾u h' iqNdIs;fha mµ"
Wmudj,ska w,xldr lr ;sîu úfYaI;ajhls' bÈßm;a flfrk WmfoaY
fmdÿ ckhdg myiqfjka jgyd .; yels jk mßÈ tÈfkod Ôú;h yd
nef|k fjk;a isoaê iu. iïnkaO lrñka rpkd lr we;'
ke Ke ;s okkayg u| .=Khla l< o
m j ;s ., flgQ wl=rla fuka ksn|
ú u ;s okkayg l< lsis .=K fkdu|
t ke ;s fõ h Èh msg we¢ brla f,o

iqNdIs;h ,sùfï wruqKq lD;sfha u i|yka fõ' md,s" ixialD; fkd

okakd whg kS;s Ydia;%h bf.k .ekSug Wmldr lsÍu tu wruqK hs'
ta nj my; lúfhka meyeÈ,s fõ'
my< fmdrK bisjr uqfjys uk k|
fou< il= u.o fkd yi< i;g oo
mqj< kS;s il .; mo wre;a f,o
isy< niska ieflúka lshñ mo ne|

iqNdIs; l;=jrhd ysf;damfoaYh" mxp;ka;%h" l=j,hdkkao wdÈ ixialD;
fmd;aj, weiqr ,nd f.k we;¦ Oïu moh jeks md,s fmd;mf;a WmfoaY
o Rcqj u Wmqgd f.k we;¦ w÷ffr" kd,aj,s wdÈ øúv fmd;aj, i|yka
WmfoaY o wdY%h lr f.k we;'
fuys tk mµ ishh u iuqøf>daI úßf;ka ,shd ;sfí' ñksia ÿ¾j,;d
foi Wmydifhka n,d mdGl uqj.g iskdjla kef.k whqßka WmfoaY
bÈßm;a lsÍu tu lúhdg ms%h jQ Wml%uhls' iqNdIs;h rpkd lsÍfï §
fjk;a fmd;aj,ska woyia ,nd .;a; o tajd bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrfhka
lúhdf.a iajdëk ldjH m%;sNdj o m%;Shudk fõ'
52 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
 mqoa., .=Koyï msßyS hk ´kEu iudchla Wfoid Wmfoia §ug fuu
mµ .=re fldg .; yels h' tu.ska mqoa., Wkak;sh;a iudc hym;;a
j¾Okh jk nj i|yka l< yels h' .eUqre Ôjk o¾Ykhla ir,j myod
§u;a ld,hlg foaYhlg muKla iSud fkd ùu;a WmfoaY ldjHj, lemSs
fmfkk ,laIKhls' iqNdIs;h ta ish,a,g fyd| u ksoiqkls'

1' ke f`. ; ;a wjr .sr.ska Èklr u`v,

ie f, ; ;a iqfkr mjkska fifo;;a wk,
ms fm ; ;a .sß uq÷k fy,a ue,s mshquqZmq,
fndre ke;a f; u h uy;=ka mejiQ f;mq,
Èklr - ysre iqfkr - uyfur
fifo;;a - isis,a jqj;a fy,a ue,s - l=uqÿ u,a
f;mq, - jpkh wk, - .skak
woyi(
iQ¾hhd wmr m¾j;fhka Wod jqj;a" uyd fïre m¾j;h iq<`.ska fi,fj;;a" .skak
isis,a jqj;a m¾j; uq÷fkys l=uqÿ" fk¨ï" udfk,a u,a msfm;;a uyd;auhka lS
jpkfhys kï fndrejla ke;af;a u h'

2' fld f; la fjfyi ,ÿj;a iqofkda mjr

W o la f,dj i;=ka is; ÿla flfr;s ÿr
m i la rdyq uqj m;a fjñks ìh lr
w ks la miska f,dj fy<s flfrh ysulr
mjr - W;=ï Wola - taldka;fhka u
ysulr - i| rdyq uqj m;a - rdyqf.a uqLhg we;=¿ jQ
woyi(
fld;rï fjfyig m;a jqj;a W;=ï i;amqreIfhda f,dal i;a;ajhdf.a isf;ys mj;sk
ÿl taldka;fhka u bj;a lr;s' pkaøhd ;udf.a me;a;la Nhxlr jQ rdyqf.a lgg
wiq j ;sìh§;a wfkla me;af;ka f,dalhg t<sh ,nd fohs'

3' ms ka u | mq;=ka ishhla ,ÿj;a ksire

.= K ke K fnf,ka hq;= mq;= u h b;d .re
t l mq ka i¢ka ÿre fjhs f,dj .k w÷re
fk l ; re /iska t f,ig fkd u fõ h ÿre
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 53
 mska u| - mska wvq ksire - ksiaidr$ire ke;s
woyi(
mska wvq m%fhdackhla ke;s mq;=ka ishhla ,enqK;a m,la ke;' b;d W;=ï jkafka
.=Kfhka o kqj‚ka o n,fhka o hq;a mq;%hd u h' f,dalfhys .k w÷r tl mqka
i|la ksid ÿre fõ' fkdfhla ;drld rdYshl t<sfhka ta wdldrhg w÷r my fkd fõ'

4' ú mq, .=Ke;s uy;=ka yg m;a úm;

ksi, ke‚ka hq;= W;=fuda u ÿr ,;
l,, .s¨Kq u; jr‚÷ f.dv .kq;
;=uq, n,e;s .sð|l= ñi wka flj;

úmq, - uy;a ksi, ke‚ka - ;ekam;a kqj‚ka

l,, - uv u; jr‚÷ - u| lsmqK we;a rcq
;=uq, n,e;s - úYd, Yla;shla we;s .sð|d - we;d

woyi(
uy;a .=Kfhka hq;a uyd;auhkg meñ‚ úm;a;sh ;ekam;a kqj‚ka hqla; jQ
W;a;ufhda u ÿre lr;s' ufvys treKd jQ u;a we;arcq f.dv .ekSug uy;a n, we;s
^;j;a& we;arcl= ñi fjk ljfrla iu;a fõ o@

5' l=¨Kq .=‚ka hq;= W;=uka is; uyre

ÿok niska fkd fhfohs lrkg kmqre
kj rejkska msß uy iuqÿr .eUqre
;K iq<lska WKq l< yels fj;s ljqre

uyre - udyeÕs ^b;d jákd&

ÿok - ÿ¾ckhkaf.a ^wi;a mqreIhkaf.a&
niska - jpkfhka
woyi(
lreKd .=Kfhka hqla; jQ W;=ukaaf.a b;d jákd is; whym;a mqreIhkaf.a jpkj,ska
kmqre ;;a;ajhlg m;a lsÍu kqiqÿiq h h' kjr;akfhka msreKd jQ .eUqre uyd jQ
id.rh ;K fld< yq<lska WKq lsÍug ljr kï flfkla fmdfydi;a fj;a o@

54 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

6' Èhfk; Wod j; ish lsr‚ka uyre
fuÈh; Èjd ìys ÿre fjhs .k w÷re
isßu; rc ;=ul= ÿgq mu‚ka fid÷re
we;=<; msg; Èj ? yefrh ÿlZ÷re

Èhfk; - iQ¾hhd uyre lsr‚ka - udyeÕs rYañfhka

Wod j; - Wod jk l,ays fuÈh; - fï f,dalfhys
ÿlZ÷re - ÿl ^kue;s& wkaOldrh
woyi(
iQ¾hhd ;u udye`.s rYañfhka hqla; j Wod jk l,ays fï f,dalfha odj,a ld,fha
msg;ska mj;sk .k w÷r ÿre fjhs' Y%Su;a jQ;a hym;a jQ;a rc;=ul= ÿgq mu‚ka u
ojdf,ys;a rd;%sfhys;a we;=<; yd msg; mj;sk ÿl kue;s w÷r my ù hhs'

7' re ÿ re .sks l|la .;a if|ys jkZ;=re

ñ ;= re fõ h È.;ska yuk u| ure
ñ ;= re keiSug t u fjhs miñ;=re
ñ ;= re kE flfkla ksj;=ka yg ljqre
jk;=re - jkdka;rfha È.;ska - ÈYd fl<jßka
u| ure - fyñka tk iq<Õ miñ;=re - i;=re
ksj;=ka - ÿmam;=ka
ñ;=re kE flfkla - hy¿fjla fyda kEoefhla
woyi(
jkdka;rfhys fr!ø jQ .sks l|la yg .;a úg ÈYd fl<jßka yukakd jQ u| iq<`.
ta .skak iu`. ñ;% fõ' ^tkï" me;sÍug Wojq fõ'& ta iq<`. u myk ksùfuka ^Bg&
i;=re fjhs' ÿmam;=kg ñ;% jkakd jQ" fyda {d;s jkakd jQ fyda wh ljryq o@

8' k mq re l,g i; yg meñfK; fjfyi

t ÿ re fkd fjhs l< mõ m, fojd ñi
; Uq re jkh uql=,s; jk nj iji
l jq re úiska je<lsh yels fu Èh l=i

kmqre l,g - krl ld,hg ;Uqre jkh - fk¨ï ú,

uql=,s; - mrùu fu Èh l=i - fï f,dalh ;=<

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 55

 woyi(
krl ld,hg i;a;ajhdg ÿla lror meñfKk úg" lrk ,o mõj,g úmdl ,nd
§ ñi ta ^ÿla lror& ÿre fkdfõ' fk¨ï jkh ijia ld,fhys yels<S hEu fï
f,dalfhys ljrl= úiska kï je<elaúh yels o@

9' l= ß re f.dr imqkaf.a o<Zf.ys úih

u ÿ re ueis le,kaf.a ;=`vZf.ys úih
re ÿ re kqyqiqjkaf.a j,Zf.ys úih
k mq re ÿokkaf. ish,Zf`.ys u úih

;=~Zf.ys - ;=v fl<jr kqyqiqjka - f.dakqiaika

j,Zf.ys - j,s.h w. ish,ZfÕys u - ish¨ YÍrfha u
woyi(
l%Er jQ f>dar i¾mhka f.a o< fl<jr úI we;' ueis uÿre iuQyhdf.a ;=v fl<jr
úI we;¦ fr!ø jQ f.dakqiaikaf.a j,s.h w. úI we;¦ kmqre ÿ¾ckhkaf.a YÍrh
uq¿,af,a u úI we;'

10' m r is ÷ mnq okka fiú mu‚ka uyre

fnf,ks÷ u| jqj;a fkd flfr;s remqka ire
n r ‚ ÷ f., jik kd ro fjñka .re
.= re <s ÷ w;ska weis lsu hy¿ f;dr;=re

uyre - msÈh hq;= jQ

mnq okka - m%N+ ckhd
fiú mu‚ka - weiqre l< mu‚ka
remqka ire - i;=rka jeä lr .ekSu ^i;=rka yg ie,lSu&
nr‚÷ f., - BYajrhdf.a fn,af,a
.re fjñka - wdvïnr fjñka
.=re<s÷ w;ska - .=re<df.ka" .=re¿ rdchdf.ka

woyi(
m%isoaO jQ;a msÈh hq;= jQ;a m%N+ ckhd weiqre l< ;rñka ^ÿn,fhda& n,fhka wvq jqj;a
i;=rkg fkd i,l;s' BYajrhdf.a fn,af,ys jik kd. rdchd wyxldr fjñka
.=re¿ rdchdf.ka zñ;%h" ÿl iem flfia oeZhs weiQ mßoafoks'

56 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

11' keKe ;s okka yg u| .=Khla l< o
m j ;s ., flgQ wl=rla fuka ksn|
ú u ;s okka yg l< lsis .=K fkdu|
t ke ;s fõh Èh msg we¢ brla f,o

úu;s okka - wkqjK ñksiqka

woyi(
kqjKe;s ckhdg hï;ï hym;la l<;a th .f,ys flgQ wl=rla fuka fkd lvjd
mj;S' w{dk ckhdg úYd, hym;la l<;a" th Èh msg wekaod jQ brla fuka ke;s
ù hhs'

12' wñ; .=K kqjK hq;= W;=fuda mn|

wk; fjfyi ,ÿj;a fkd u fj;s ÿyo
È.; m;< iqj|e;s fid| i÷ka l|
is¢; uç; tl f,i me;sfrhs iqj|

wñ; - wm%udK
mn| W;=fuda - m%isoaO mqoa.,fhda
wk; - wkka; jQ$ fl<jrla ke;s
ÿyo fkdu fj;s - ÿIag yoj;a we;s lr fkd.ks;s
woyi(
wm%udK jQ .=Kfhka yd kqj‚ka hq;a iqm%lg W;a;ufhda fl<jrla ke;s ysßyerj,g
md;% jqj;a" ÿIag is;la we;s fldg fkd.ks;s' oi ÈYdfjys me;=reKd jQ iqj¢ka hq;a
hym;a i÷ka oKav lmk úg;a" l=vq lrk úg;a" tla úÈhg u iqj| me;sß hhs'

13' fldf;la .=K l<;a ÿokka yg wiqn

wlla muK j;a fkdu flfr;s ms<s,n
t Wla rfiys ieÿj;a ksU ìcq lsrU
Wola ;s;a;uh miÕ u ;=frys ksU

wlla muK j;a - u|la j;a$ wla f.ähla muK j;a

ms<s,n - m%;s,dNhla
lsrU - lsß yd c,fhka
ksU ìcq - fldfydU weg
ksU ;=frys - fldfydU .fiys
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 57
 woyi(
whym;a wi;amqreIhka yg fld;rï hym;la l<;a ^Tjqyq& wla f.ähla muKj;a
wdmiq §ula fkd lr;s' Wla me‚j, nyd lsß yd c,h j;a fldg fldfydU weghla
me< l<;a fldfydU .fiys ^kï& mxpdx.h u ;ks lr ;s;a; u h'

14' i ÷ ka lmqre iu`.ska msks Èh fkdu|

fid¢ka l,,a lrñka iqj| uqj uo
ks;ska ysuZU bi bi ¨yqkq jeõj o
;uka .=Kh fkd yßk jeks ÿok yo

¨yqkq jeõj o - Ækq jeõj;a ysuZU - ysu c,h

woyi(
i÷ka yd lmqre o iqj|e;s lia;=ß o hk fïjd msksÈh fndfyda m%udKhla iu.
l,;d ^th;a iu`.& ysu c,h bisñka Ækq jeõj;a Ækqj, .=Kh w;a fkd yef¾'
wi;amqreIhdf.a yoj;;a t n÷ h'

15' ñ ks ia yg fid÷re .=K iy kq.=K we;

ks fod ia flkl= fuÈh; Wmofka ke;
fj fi ia isks÷ uqjr| nr iyia m;
fld frd ia k<ska hq;= fjhs lgq fm<sks hq;
fuÈh; - fï f,dalfha fjfiia - úYsIag jQ
uqjr| nr - u,a me‚fhka nr iyiam; - fk¨ï u,
fldfrdia k<ska - fldrieä oKavlska

woyi(
ñksid ;=< hym;a .=K fuka u whym;a .=K o we;af;a h' fodia ke;s mqoa.,hl=
fuf,dj WmÈkafka ke;' úfYaIfhka u fudf<dla jQ u,a me‚fhka nr jQ fk¨ï
u," lgq iys; fldrieä oKavlska hqla; fjhs'

16' f,dúka tflla tl fohlg fjhs iu;

fjkska wfklaa fohlg wfkflla iu;
fkdñka iq<Õ ,ÿj;a ;o .sï iem;
f.däka kej Èfhka r;h o fkdhkq we;

iu; - olaI fkdñka - wm%udK f,i

;o .sï iem; - oeä .S%Iau iïm;a;sh
58 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
woyi(
f,dalfhys tla ;eke;af;la tl fohlg olaI fjhs' wfkla ;eke;af;la fjk;a
fohlg olaI fjhs' fndfyda fihska iq<x yeuqj;a b;d ;o .S%Iauhla we;s jqj;a kej
f.dvìfuka j;a r:h c,fhkaj;a fkd hhs'

17' fkd ys ï iqj| úysfok lia;=ß ksu,

W ;= ï uqj kefnys ;eì nU keK úl,
ú k ï fu ug uy nUq moú hï l,
; n ï fndre lshk ÿokkaf. Èj uq,

fkdysï - iSudjla fkdue;s uqj kefnys - uqjdf.a kdNsfhys

woyi(
iSudjla ke;s iqj|la úysÿjk msßisÿ lia;=ß" uyd n%yauhd úiska W;=ï jQ uqjkaf.a
kdNsfhys ;ekam;a fldg we;af;a úmÍ; jQ nqoaêfhks' hï lf,l ug uyd n%yau
moúh ,enqfKd;a ^tu lia;=ß& fndre nia lshk wi;amqreIhkaf.a Èj uqf,ys ;nñ'

18' ;srir .=fKka hq;= W;=ul= yg mjr

iuqÿr ish,a ls|f,l ;=Ufil iqfkr
mqj;r fu oUÈj u¿fjl ish f.fodr
Tyqlr fkd jk iemf;la t neúka ljr

ls|f,l - l=vd Èh jf<ls
iqfkr - uydfïre m¾j;h
u¿fjl - ñÿf,l
Tyq lr fkd jk - Tyqf.a w;g m;a fkd jk
woyi(
W;=ï jQ iaÒridr .=Kfhka hqla; jQ W;=ul=g uq¿ uy;a id.rh l=vd Èh lä;a;ls'
uyd fïrej ;=Uils' iqm%isoaO cïnq oaùmh ;udf.a f.or ñÿ, h' t neúka Tyq w;g
m;a fkd jk iem;la ke;'

19' tk l, i;=kayg isß iem; uk l,

li m, ;=f<ys Èh f,d| fuka fjhs úmq,
hk l, tisß iïm;a jekiS ish,
.c ., we;=< uo iqka Èjq, m, ;=,

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 59

 ukl, - is;a i;=gq lrjk
li m, ;=f<ys - l=reïnd f.äh ;=<
Èh f,d| fuka - c,h yd f,d| fuka
.c ., - we;d úiska .s,sk ,o
we;=< uo iqka - we;=f<ys uo ke;s
Èjq,a m, ;=, - Èjq,a f.äh jeks h

woyi(
i;a;ajhka yg is;a i;=gq lrjk iem iïm;a we;s jk úg l=reïnd f.äh ;=< c,h
yd f,d| fuka h ^m%udKfhka& uy;a fõ' ta" ish¨ hi biqre úkdY ù hk úg we;d
úiska .s,sk ,o f.äfha uoh ke;sjkakdla fuka ke;sj hhs'

20' fkd ñ ka f,dj ish¨ foa olakd weig

; u ka ieá u|la j;a fkdfmfkk f,ig
w kq ka fodi ols;s wkqjK ok lmg
t fu ka ish kq.=K fkd ols;s kshu fldg

lmg - lmá wkqjK oK - fudav ckhd

kq.=K - fkdfyd| kshu fldg - kshu ieáfhka

woyi(
wm%udK f,i f,dalfhys we;s ish¨ foa olskakd jQ weig ;ukaf.a u iajNdjh u|la
j;a fkd fmfka' lmá fudav ckhd wkqkaf.a jerÈ okakd kuq;a ta wdldrfhka
;ukaf.a w.=K kshu wkaoñka fkd ols;s'

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' w,.shjkak uqlfjá;=ud iudc idrO¾u újrKh lsÍu i|yd iajdNdúl

mßirh;a tys isoaëkq;a fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh úuiqug ,la lrkak'
2' úúO ñksia ÿ¾j,;d ydiHh" Wmydih èjks; jk f,i bÈßm;a lr we;s
wdldrh iqNdIs;fha kshñ; lú ;=klaj;a fhdod .ksñka myokak'
3' iqNdIs; l;=jrhd idrO¾u iq/lSu i|yd ord we;s W;aidyh kshñ; mµ lsysmh
weiqfrka idlÉcd lrkak'
4' w,.shjkak uqlfjá;=ud WmfoaY meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd i;a;aj pß; yd tajdfha
ls%hdldrlï fhdodf.k we;s whqre kshñ; lú ;=klaj;a foñka úia;r lrkak'

60 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

4 fjila myk
Ô'î' fiakdkdhl ^1913-1985&

.=K;s,l nKavdr fiakdkdhl

1913 cQ,s ui uq,af,aßhdfõ § Wm;
,enqfõ" msßñ orejka isjf
q ofkl=f.ka
hq;= mjq,l nd,hd f,i h'
Tyq fld<U .%Ekaâmdiays Ydka;
fcdaima úoHd,fhka uQ,sl
wOHdmkh ,nd" oaú;Sh wOHdmkh
i|yd fld<U wdkkao úoHd,hg
we;=<;a lrkq ,eî h' tfy;a
wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d fya;= fldg f.k"
ody;rjeks úfha § Tyqg mdi,a
wOHdmkh w; yer oukag isÿ úh'
bkslaì;sj" Tyq wOHdmkh ,enqfõ
iafjda;aidyfhks' jhi wjqreÿ
oywgla muK jk úg" fld<U
uyck mqia;ld,h weiqre lrkakg fuu ;reKhdf.a f,aLk
mqreÿ jQ Ô'î' fiakdkdhl" tys § l=i,;dj uekúka jgyd .;a
oyia .Kkla jQ bx.sßis iy isxy, úl%uisxy" Tyqg f,alayjqisfhys
fmd;m; lshjkag jQfha h' ;udf.a mqj;am;a l,dfõÈhl= yeáhg
úYajúoHd,h th úKehs Tyq miq /lshdjla ,nd ÿkafka h' l,la
lf,l lshd isáfha h' ÈkñK mqj;amf;a Wml;=jrhl= f,i
jhi wjqreÿ oykufha § lghq;= l< Ô'î' fiakdkdhl isxy,
mqj;am;aj,g flál;d ,sùu wrUk fn!oaOhd mqj;amf;ys o jev lf<a h'
,o jqj o" Tyqf.a tl ÿ l;djlaj;a wújdylhl= jQ t;=ud f,alayjqish
lsisÿ mqj;am;l m< fkd ù h' Tyqf.a w; yer f.dia iajlSh Ôú; ld,h
flál;djla f;dard f.k uq,ska u u idys;H lghq;= Wfoid fhoù h'
mqj;am;l m< lrk ,oafoa" tjlg Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a uq,a u idys;H
ÈkñK m;ays m%Odk l;=jrhdj isá lD;sh jQfha" 1945 § m< lrk ,o
ud¾áka úl%uisxy úisks' ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh hs'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 61

 B<`. jif¾ § Tyqf.a fojeks
flál;d fmd; jk m<s.ekSu ksl=;a
úh' tu lD;sfhys tla úfYAI;ajhla
jQfha" flál;d w;r m< lrk ,o
ksoyia fyj;a ksi|eia moH h' isxy,
moH idys;Hfha ksi|eia hq.h wdrïN
jQfha tu moHhkaf.ka neõ" wújdÈ;j
ms<s.efka' wvishhla muK jQ Tyqf.a
lD;Ska w;r fïOd" pdreuqL" jro;a;"
wjr.sr jeks kjl;d o oe,a ljq¿j"
ú¢ñ wdÈ fldg.;a ldjH lD;Ska o
ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh" m<s.ekSu"
ñ;=ßh jeks flál;d ix.%y o"
úksú¢ñ w÷r kï iajhx,sÅ; wd;au
l;dj o úfYAI fldg oelaúh yels h'
l%ufhka weia fmkSu ÿ¾j, j f.dia
wjidkfha § mQ¾K wkaONdjhg m;a
jqj o" Ô' î' fiakdkdhl iajlSh
f,aLk lghq;= w;ayf<a ke;' Tyqf.a
fmd;m; w;ßka úiaila muK jQ
idys;H lD;Ska ,shk ,oafoa" tlS
wkaONdjh ;=< § h' Tyqf.a wjidk
f,aLkh fia ie,flk zrd;%shZ hk
ysiska jQ lõ fm< ,shd we;af;a"
urKhg meh mylg l,sks'
Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.ka isÿ jQ idys;H
fufyjr jvd;a biau;= jkafka
flál;dj yd moHh hk lafIa;%
;=< h' isxy, flál;dj jvd;a
iq.u iqLkuH ud¾.hlg m;a lsÍug
fm%da;aidyS jQ f,aLlhka w;r Tyqg
ysñ jkafka woaú;Sh ;ekls' Ô'î'
fiakdkdhl ngysr idys;Hfha
fndfyda fmd;m; weiqre l< w;r
Tyqf.a flál;d flfrys jvd;a u
n,md we;af;a" .S o fudamidx kue;s
m%xY f,aLlhdf.a lD;Ska neõ
úpdrlfhda fmkajd fo;s' tfia u"
j¾;udk isxy, moHfha kj ksoyia
62 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
Í;sfha mqfrda.dñhd yeáhg o
ms<s.efkkqfha Ô' î' fiakdkdhl h'
´ud¾ Lhshdï kue;s m¾ishdkq
f,aLlhdf.a iqm%lg renhshdÜ
ldjHh o Tyq úiska isxy,g k`.k
,oafoa" hglS ksi|eia fyj;a ksoyia
meÈ Í;sfhks' Tyq úiska ,shk
,o kjl;d ixLHdj w;r fïOd"
pdreuqL iy jro;a; hk lD;Ska
;=k mdGl úpdrl fomd¾Yjfha u
fkdu| wjOdkhg iy m%Yxidjg
n÷ka úh' fuu kjl;d ;%s;ajh u
i¾jld,Sk jQ f;audjka u; mokï jQ
iqúfYaI idys;H lD;Ska fia i,lkq
,efí'
isxy, idys;H úIhhg Tyq úiska
lrk ,o iïm%odkhka w;r" idys;H
fiai;a" idys;H ú.%yh iy idys;H
O¾u;dj hk lD;Ska o" idys;H
o¾Yk is;=ú,s hk ysiska wkaONdjhg
meñŒfuka miq j ,shk ,o lD;sh o
úfYaI iïNdjkdjg md;% fjhs'
f,aLk l,dfjys úúO l=i,;d f.k
yer mE Ô' î' fiakdkdhlf.a lD;Ska
w;r u,a l=udß" yd,aueiaid" r;ay÷ka
rEmh" ySkh" wUl;dj" uyf,daNhd
hk iqrx.kd l;d o we;s neõ wu;l
lrkq fkdfhfohs'
tfia u" uf.a is;=ï me;=ï" uu
tod iy wo" hk pß;dmodk
lD;Ska o" kjl;d l,dj" ngysr
fY%aIaG kjl;d" úpdr m%fõYh hk
Ydia;%Sh lD;Skao" r< ì÷u" u,mq~qj"
lelEß,a," uqÿmd‚" flf,ia ihqr"
tlg tl" hk kjl;d o wE; ne¨u"
.uk" kegqu hk flál;d o" Ô'î'
fiakdkdhlf.a wjfYaI ks¾udKfhda
fj;s'
 fuys § “fjila myk” hk ysiska tk
flál;dj Wmqgd .kakd ,oafoa 1945
jif¾ § m< jQ Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a
ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh kue;s flál;d
ix.%yfhks'
fuys lshfjkafka" fjila mykla
ms<sn| mqj;ls' l;dj lshk nd,
fidfydhqrd" ish whshd úiska idokq
,nk fjila l+vqj foi n,d isákafka
buy;a Wkkaÿfjks' fofokdf.a u nd,
ke.‚h ;=< we;s Wkkaÿj yd l=;+y,h
Bg o jeä h' l;dj wjika jkafka"
úYd, wg mÜgï l+vqjla iE§fï woyi
m<uqfjka we;s jQfha whshdf.a isf;ys h'
tjeks fjila mykla iE§ug wïud
wkqn, kqÿka kuq;a kx.S;a uu;a whshd
Bg fufyhjQfjuq'
whshd WK lene,a,la f.kjq;a myfkys
ueo l+vqj idokakg jQfha h' Tyq f.hs
lEu lk id,fha fïih wi, ìu
lvodishla t,d ys|f.k WK lene,a,
m,d isyska m;=rej,g brkag úh' tl,
whshd jhiska wjqreÿ oyy;rla muK o
kx.S yhla muK o uu y;la muK o
ùuq' WK len,s tla fldg wg mÜgï
l+vqjla idok ieá kx.S fyda uu fyda
fkd oek isáfhñ' tfyhska whshd WK
lene,a, m;=rej,g brk ieá wm n,d
isáfha Tyq úiauh Wmojk fohla lrkq
n,d isákakdla fuks'
Tyq myk idok ieá n,d isák kx.S;a
ud;a w;r fkdfhla úg l,y we;s úh'
whshd iei uÜgï fldg milska ;nk
WK m;=re Tyq <Õska ys| isá uu ud
wi,ska ;nd .;sñ' Tyq lmk WK m;=re
ud <Õska ;nd .ekSu kx.Sg reÑ fkd ù
h' whshd iei mil ;enQ WK m;=rla ud
olskakg fmr kx.S ;u foll=, hgg
l:lhd jk nd, fidfydhqrd
w;ska fjila myk .sks .ekSu;a"
ta fya;= fldg f.k u" whshdf.a w;
ms<siaiSu;a ms<sn| isoaêhlsks' l;=jrhd
tlS isoaê fm< ukdj .<mñka
orejkaf.a f,dalh is;a;ï lrk
wdldrh o" fï orejka tlsfkld
w;r jk wdor lreKdj ;shqKq
wdldrfhka újrKh fldg oelaùu
ksid u fï flál;dj mdGlhd ;=<
pu;aldrh okjk wmQ¾j ks¾udKhla
njg m;a ù we;'
fldg iÕjd .;a;dh' ud wi, ìu
ys| isá wE ud m;=re ols;shs ielfhka
;ud ye| isá .jqfuka foll=,a jid
.ekSug th ìu úoykakg úh' weh ;u
foll=,a jid .ekSug ;e;a lrk ieá
uf.a ielhg fya;= úh' wE WK m;=rla
iÕjd .kakg we;ehs ug is;s‚' m;=rl
fldkla wehf.a fooK w;ßka uE;a
ù ;sfnkq ud ÿgqfõ túg h' uu th
weo od wi,ska ;nd .;sñ' ke.‚hf.a
r;a meye;s isÕs;s uqfjys há f;d,
fldamfhka Èla úh' wehf.a fk;a hqj<g
l÷¿ msfrkakd ug fmksK'
is; o wei o tl fia fhdod isá whshd
kx.S WK m;=r iÕjd .;a ieá fyda
ud th Wÿrd .;a ieá fyda kqÿgqfõ h'
kx.Sf.a fofk;g msreKq lÿ¿ l%ufhka
fldmq,a Tiafia my;g niskakg úh'
fofk;ska l÷¿ je.sÍu fidfydhqßhf.a
fldamh jeä ùug fya;= úh' wE ;ud
ys| isá ;ekska ke.sg ud msámig wjq;a
uf.a ysig oeä fia myrla .id f.g
Èj .shd h' wïud ug neK weh ikikq
ug weisK'
whshd WK m;=re tla fldg úYd, iu
i;/ia rduq ihla idod tAjd tla fldg
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 63
 ne£fuka wg mÜgï l+vqjla iEÿfõ h'
th úYd, l+vqjls' th idok ,oafoa l=vd
l+vq úiaila we;s úYd, mykl ueo l+vqj
jYfhks' th id,fha msysá lEu lk
fïih muK Wia úh' whshd th fïih
wi,ska f.k f.dia lEu lk id,h o
f.hs ueo id,h o wi, msysá fndalal=j
hg ;enqfõ h' l+vqj tys ;enQ Tyq
È.yeÍ t,af,k ;u lñifha w;lska
k<f,ys vy¢h ì÷ msi ouñka h<s;a
fïih lrd wjq;a l+vqj foi ne¨fõ h'
k<,g jegqKq Èla jQ flia frdolska o"
tlsfklg ;o jQ fof;d,ska o fofk;
fjfyi ùfuka foda /<s fldg .;a
foneñka o hq;=j Tyq l+vqj foi ne¨fõ
fndfyda l,la fjfyi f.k fk<d
ksu l< m%;sudjla foi n,k m%;sud
Ys,amshl= fukehs ug isf;a'
kx.S uq¿;eka f.g Èj f.dia wïud
le|jdf.k wdjd h'
whshd fjila l+vqj idod ksu lrk
f;la kx.S;a ud;a n,d isáfha fkd
bjis,af,ks' Tyq YdLd l=vq i|yd m;=re
n¢k ieá o tAjd iei uÜgï lrk
ieá o n,d isá ug Tyq iEfyk muK
blauka fkdfõ hehs is;sK'
ueo l+vqj jfÜ t,a,Sug l=vd l+vq
y;rla o tA l+vq jfÜ t,a,Sug Bg;a l=vd
l+vq oyhla o idok ,È'
fmd,a w;=j,ska fyjqKq úYd, uvqjla
wfma f.hs j;af;a ù h' th idok ,oafoa
m%Odk jYfhka u wm mdGYd,djg f.k
hk nlals lr;a;h ;eîu i|yd h'
tfy;a nlals lr;a;h yefrkag" levqKq
ydkais mqgqjla yd fidamdjla o ,S o~q
f.dvla tys úh'
ueo l+vqjg w;= iú l< úg th f.hska
t<shg .; fkd yels jk ;rï úYd,
64 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
jk fyhska whshd w;= ne£ug th j;af;a
msysá uvqjg f.k .sfhah' Tyq uvqfjys
meÿrla t<d l+vqj tys ;ndf.k Bg w;=
n¢kag úh'
l+vqjg w;= ne£u i|yd whshd we;eï
úg th ;=<g neiafiah' Tyq Wiska ug
wÕ,a oyhlg jvd we;s fkd jqj o Tyqg
we;=<g nei isáh yels jk ;rï l+vqj
úYd, ùu wfma m%S;shg fya;= úh'
l+vqj, lvÞis we,ùfuka miq tys
we,ùug îlal= iE§u wdrïN lrk
,§' îlal= idokq ,nkafka i;/ia
fldg lemQ l=vd lvodis len,sj,
fldka folla kjd tla l< ;ekq l=vd
irejms;a;, lene,a, we,ùfuks' fuh
wmg myiqfjka u l< yels ldßhla jQ
fyhska îlal= iE§u wm fofokdg Ndr
lrk ,§'
wms meh lSmhla iyfhda.fhka jev
lf<uq' kx.S ikaOHdfjys uqyqK fidaod
tys mshre ;jrdf.k jfÜ /,s we,aÆ
w¨;a .jqula ye| îlal= iE§ug ud
wi,ska ys| .;a;d h' wef.a w¨;a .jqu
oel ud ;=< Wmka B¾IHdjla ksid foda
weh fldam lrùug ug is;sK'
uu w,jñka isá lvodis lene,a,
milska ;nd kyh /,s .iajd “yß
.|hs” lSfjñ' mshre ;jrd ;snqKq uqyqK
ud foig yrjd kx.S úuiqï iys;j
ne¨jd h'
“mshre oeïug uqyqfKa .| hkjdoe@”
hs uu lSfjñ' ke.‚hf.a isÕs;s uqyqK
fldamfhka weo úh'
“lfÜ yeá lsß wmamqf. fydUq lg
jf.hs” uu lSñ'
wE ;ud ys| .;a ;ekska mek wjq;a ug
myrla .eiqjd h' uu o wehg myrla
.eiqfjñ' wE uf.a fojqfrys t,a,S
uf.a uqyqK m;=re .ykakg jQfhka wms
fofokd ìu fmrf,ñka fmdr w,a,kag
ùuq' idod mil f.dv .id ;snqKq îlal=
iE§ug lmd ;snqKq lvodis yd irej
ms;a;, fld< o fmdr w,a,k wmg hg
ù fmdä úh' wm fmdr w,a,k Yíoh
wid whshd o Èj wdfõ h' wïud lE
.idf.k tk y~ wid wms fofok
fmdrh kj;ajd uvqfjka msg;g Èùuq'
wïudf.ka ;e¨ï ld y~kag jQ wms
wd,skaofha uq¨ follg ùuq' uq,a,g ù
mehla muK lÿ¿ msisñka isá kx.S
fiñka ud <Õg wjq;a “whsfha l+vqj
n,kag huq” hs lSjd h'
uu lsisjla fkd lshd ys| isá ;ekska
ke.sg wïud weoaoehs jgmsg n,d kx.S
iuÕ ñ÷,g neiafiñ' whshd wm t<jd
.ks;s hs wms uvqjg hdug ìh ùuq' b;d
l=vd f.ä uq;a m%fhdackhg .; yels
f.ä yg fkd .kakd Wiaj jevqKq foys
.ila uvqj wi, we;' y~ kef.;s hs
fiñka fiñka md ;nñka foys .i hgg
.sh wms whshd úYd, l+vqj bÈßfhys
ys|f.k tys îlal= w,jk ieá n,d
isáfhuq'
uvqfjys ,ka;Ereula t,a,df.k tÈk
rd;%sfhys o whshd myk iE¥ kuq;a wmg
u~qjg hdug bv fkd fok ,§' wm
kskaog hk úg o whshd uvqfjys myk
iE§fuys fh§ isáfha h'
kx.S;a ud;a tl u we|l ksÈ lrùu
wïudf.a isß; úh' “wfma l+vqj ;rï
,iaik l+vqjla fjk fldfya j;a kE
fka o whsfha@” hs w÷f¾ hyfkys ud
wi, je;sr isá kx.S weiqjd h'
“Tõ" kx.S wfma l+vqj ;rï ,iaik
l+vqjla keye”hs ksod .ekSug weia mshd
.ksñka uu ms<s;=re ÿkafkñ'
miq Èk fjila fmdfyda Èkh úh' tÈk
wïud fjkodg jvd WoEikska wm wjÈ
l<dh' wïud wm wjÈ lr;a u .fï
mkaif,ys jhk fnr y~ wmg weisK'
fjila myka t,a,Sfuka o fldä je,a yd
f.dla /yeka we§fuka o .u uq¿,a,u
irid we;ehs ug is;=fKa h' wm fofok
wef|ka ke.sá ieáfha u myk ne,Sug
uvqjg ÈjQ kuq;a úYd, l+vqj o l=vd
l+vq o tla;eka fldg fkd ;sìK'
fjila myk t,a,Sug uyd
ud¾.hg f.k tk ,§' wfma f.or
fufylrefjla jQ lsrd Wi ;reKfhls'
úYd, l+vqj uvqfjka f.k tk ,oafoa
Tyq úisks' l=vd l+vq lsrd;a whshd;a lSm
.uklska ud¾.hg f.k wdy' úYd,
l+vqfjys w;= i;frys l=vd l+vq i;r o
tAjdfha w;=j, Bg;a l=vd l+vq o t,a,k
,§' myk ne,Sug wd fld,a,kag o
fl,a,kag o Bg w; ;eîug bv fkd §u
kx.Sf.a;a uf.a;a úfYaI ldßh úh'
fmr Èk rd;%sfhys lsrd úiska ud¾.h
whsfka Wi WK .ila isgjd ;snqfKa h'
ud¾.fhys úYd, fldgila jidf.k
;snqKq l+vq iuQyhlska hq;a fjila
myk WK .fiys fl<jr ojgk ,o
,Kqjlska Wvg weo t,a,k ,§'
È,sfik irej ms;a;, len,s j,ska o iq<x
je§ ir ir hk y~ k.ñka Tjqfkdjqka
je<| .kakd iqÿ lvodis máj,ska o hq;a
úYd, myk megjqka úiska jg lrk ,o
úYd, iqÿ mlaIs fèkqjl jekakehs ug
is;sK' fjila mykaj, w;=j, t,af,k
l=vd mykaj,g megjqke hs lSu idudkH
isß; fyhska l+vq iuQyh mlaIs iuQyhla
jekak hk woyi uf.a isf;ys we¢K'
oji uq¿,af,a u kx.S;a uu;a úáka úg
ud¾.hg Èj wjq;a wyfiys t,af,k
myfkys fi!kao¾hh n,d m%S;s ùuq'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 65
 fjila mykl iqkaor;ajh mßiudma;shg
meñfKkafka tys bámkaoï
oe,ajQ úg h' myfkys bámkaoï oe,aúh
yels jk fia w÷re jefgk f;la kx.S o
ud o n,d isáfha uy;a fkd bjis,af,ks'
rd;%S wkaOldrh me;sfrkakg úh' u,a f;,a
f.k mkai,g hkakjqkaf.ka ud¾.h
.ejiqfKa h' whshd lsrd o le|jdf.k
myfkys bámkaoï oe,aùug ieriqfKa
h' kx.S;a uu;a wd,skaofhys ;snqKq
bámkaoï ud¾.hg f.k wdfjuq' lsrd
myk my;g nEfõ h' m<uq fldg
l+vqj, bámkaoï oe,aùu wdrïN lrk
,oafoah'
whshd úYd, l+vqfjys bámkaoï o,ajd
w;=j, l+vqj, o bámkaoï o,ajkag úh'
oe,ajQ bámkaoula wf;ys we;sj isá
ug l=vd u l+vqjl bámkaoï oe,aùug
is;=fKa h' uu whshdg fkd okajd
l+vqjl bámkaoula oe,ajQfjñ' ud ;j;a
l+vqjl bámkaoula oe,aùug ;e;a lrk
úg tys lvodis máhlg .s‚ weú,s‚'
láka msU th ksùug ud l< W;aidyh
id¾:l fkd ù h' lvodis máfhka
l+vqjg .sks weú¨fKa h' uu ìhm;a
ù lE.ikag ùñ' ug uola wE;ska isg
lsrd .sks.;a l+vqj ksùug Èj wd
kuq;a Tyqg th jyd l< fkd yels
úh' tA l+vqfjka ;j;a l+vqjlg .sks
weú¨fKa h'
túg whshd Èj wjq;a .sks .;a l+vq
fiiq l+vq w;ßka fjka lsÍug W;aiy
lf<a h' whshd keUqre ù l+vqjla uy
l+vqfõ w;a;lska bj;a lsÍug ;e;a
lrk úg Tyq we|isá nekshfuys w;g
.sks weú¨fKa h' Tyq l+vq w;ßka uE;a j
wksla w;ska .iñka nekshï w; ksùug
;e;a l< kuq;a Tyqg th ksjd .kakg
fkd yels úh' whshdf.a nekshug .sks
66 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
weúf,kq oel wm lE .ik Yíoh
wid wïud;a ;d;a;d;a f.hs isg Èj wdy'
;d;a;d whshdf.a nekshu brd bj;a
lf<a h' wm whshdf.a nekshï w; ksùug
;e;a lrk w;r .sks.;a l+vqjlska .skak
me;sÍfuka úYd, l+vqj o .sks .;af;a h'
Bg miq l+vq ksùug lsisfjla fjfyi
fkd ù h'
whshdf.a nekshug .sks weú¨Kq úg
kx.S;a ud;a wdrïN l< we~qu wms fkd
keje;aùuq' whshdf.a w; ms<siaiS ;snqKq
fyhska Tyq fodia;r f.org f.k hd
hq;= hehs ;d;a;d lSfõ h' w; ms<siaiSu
ksid whshd ñh hd yelehs ud ;=< ìhla
o fYdalhla o we;s úh' mykg .sks
weú¨fKa ud w;ska nj isysùu uf.a
fYdalh ;j;a jeä ùug fya;= úh' lsrd
wfma nlals lr;a;h ñÿ,g f.kdfõ h'
;d;a;d whshd lr;a;fha kxjd fodia;r
f.org f.k .sfha h'
mykg .sks weú¨fKa ud w;ska nj
wïud o;a kuq;a wE ug nekSug fkd
is;=jd h' wE tfia fkd lf<a ìhm;a ù
isá ud ;j;a ìh .ekaùu kqiqÿiq hehs
is;+ fykehs yÕsñ' y~ñka isá kx.S
ksYaYíoj isá wïudg ;=re¨ ù ksod
.;a;d h' fodia;r f.or hhs .ï jeishka
lshk wefmda;slßf.a f.or msysáfha wm
f.oßka ie;emau follg muK wE;sks'
tys f.dia tAu idudkHfhka mehlg
jvd fkdh;;a whshd wdmiq tk f;la
wd,skaofha lKqjlg fya;a;= ù isá ug
meh .Kkla .;jQjdla fuka oeksK'
mkaif,a jhk fnr y~ uy;a lrorhla
úh' fnr y~ kej;=Kq úg ud¾.fhka
tk y~ j,g lka ;shqKq fldg fhduq
lf<ñ'
lr;a;h mud jkafka whshd fodia;r
f.or§ u< fyhskehs ug is;sK' fï
woyi we;s j;a u úh<S ;snqKq uf.a weia
j,g h<s;a l÷¿ ke.sK' ud¾.hg lka
fhduq fldg isá uu wd,skaofha ydkais
mqgqfõ ys| isá wïud foi ne,Sñ' wE
kslgg w; ;nd f.k ksi,j isáhd h'
f.dkl=f.a lr ne¢ f.Êð y~la
wefikakdla fuka ug oeksK' uu
jvd;a jqjukdlñka ud¾.hg lka
fhduq lf<ñ' th f.Êð y~ls' Èjk
f.dfkl=f.a l=r ìu .efgk y~ o
lr;a;hl frdao mdf¾ .,a Wäka Èj
hk y~ o ug wefikakg úh' “Ñx
f.dkd” hs lsrd r¿ yçka y~ .d
f.dkdg flúfgka myrla .ik Yíoh
blaì;sj weisK' whshd ñh hkag we;
hk ìh lr;a;h <x fj;a u ud ;=<
ÈhqKq úh' whshdf.a u< l| lr;a;fhys
f.k tkq ,efn;ehs o ug is;sK'
wïud whshd lr;a;fhka niajdf.k
f.hs we;=¿ ldurhlg f.k .shdh'
whshdf.a wf;ys je,ñfgka my;
fldgi mq¿ka ;nd frÈ mglska fj,d
;sìK' uu f.g fkd f.dia wd,skaofha
ydkais mqgqfõ ksod isá ke.‚h wi,
fndfyda fj,djla ys| isáfhñ' whshd
ñh hd yel hk ìh ug is;ska my
fldg .; fkd yels úh'
uu ydkais mqgqfjka ke.sg whshd isá
ldurhg .sfhñ' ldurfhys úYd,
fidamdfjys whshd je;sr isáfha h'
wïud o fidamdfjys ys| Tyqf.a fj,d
;snqKq w; ;u welfhys ;nd f.k
isáhdh'
“äx.sßf.ka n;a b,a,df.k ld,d
ksod.kak” hs ud ldurhg we;=,a jkq
ÿgq wïud my;a iajrhlska lSjd h'
wE lSjd fkdweiqKdla fuka uu fiñka
fiñka f.dia wehf.a fomh <Õ ìu ys|
.;af;ñ' whshd úáka úg fl¢ß.dk
Yíoh Tyq ñh hd yel hk ìh ud ;=<
;j;a jeä lf<a h' uu wïudf.a ll=,a
fol je<|f.k uf.a uqyqK wef.a
fooK wiafia r|jdf.k y~kakg ùñ'
whshd fj,d ;snqKq ;u w; wïudf.a
welfhka f.k uf.a ysi msßuÈkakg
ùh'
“u,a,S”hs ysi msßuÈñka Tyq ud
weu;=fõ h'“u,a,S l+vqj ms,siaiqkdg
w~kakg tmd' wms tk wjqreoafoa Thsg;a
f,dl= l+vqjla youq'”
Tyq ñh hd yele hs ud ;=< jQ ìh o
fYdalh o whshd ;u wf;ys fõokdjla
.ek fyda ;ud ñh hk njla fyda
fkdlshd fjila myk .ek l:d lsÍu
ksid foda my úh'
ñÿf,a fo,a .fiys n¢k ,o f.dkd
;u lfrys ne¢ f.Êð fid,jd ysi
i,kq ug weisK' “álla ysgqhs” lsrd
f.dkdg weu;=fõ h' tA ydu fnf,la
mksÜgqjla lsisjl yemS fmr¿fkah' uyd
ud¾.fhys n,af,la nqrdf.k Èjqfõ h'
oeù hdfuka miq b;sß jQ l+vqfõ l¿ jQ
WK lefn,s lsis úYd, i;l=f.a weg
iels,a,la fuka uyd ud¾.fhys mil
;sfnk ieá uf.a is;g ke.sK'
o,ajkakg fmr fjila myk ms<siaiS
.sfha hhs ud ;=< fYdalhla we;s úh'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 67
 ,sÅ; wNHdi

1' fjila myk id¾:l flál;djls' flá l;d ,laIK weiqfrka úuikak'
2' fjila myk flál;dfjys pß; ksrEmKh ms<sn|j Tfí woyia olajkak'
3' ‘<ud is;sú,s yd <ud uki l%shdlrk wkaou fjila myk flál;dfõ ukdj
ksrEmKh flf¾’ úuikak'
4' fjila myk flál;dfõ wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh ms<sn| we.hSula lrkak'
5' rij;a flál;djla ks¾udKh lsÍug tla iq¿ isÿùula m%udKj;a fõ' fjila
myk flál;dj weiqfrka fï lshuk meyeÈ,s lrkak'

68 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 15
isxy, kjl;d jxYh ;=< uy.u
fialrf.a ;=xux yxÈh iy
ufkdaukaÈr wmQ¾j ks¾udKoajhhla
yeáhg ie,fla' ks¾ÈIagj we;s ;=xux
yxÈh wOHhkfha § iy riúkaokfha
§ ie,lsh hq;= úfYaI ldrKd
lsyms hla u we;af;a h'
;=xux yxÈh" miq.sh ishjfia uq,a
Nd.fha Y%S ,xldfõ .ul Ôj;a
jQjkaf.a ;;= wjHdc ú,difhka
fy<s lrk kjl;djls' tu lD;sh
jvd;a u jeo.;a jkqfha" f,aLlhdf.a
Ôú; w;aoelSï ueÈ fldg .;a
wd;aul:k iajrEmfha kjl;djla
jk ksid h' fuu l;dfõ l:lhd
jk rK;=x. wdrÉÑf.a isßfiak"
l;=jrhd jk uy.u fialr u neõ
y÷kd .ekSu wmyiq ke;'
isßfiak;a" Tyqf.a foudmshkq;a"
Tyqf.a udu,d fofokd iy mqxÑ
wïud;a fuu lD;sfhys biau;=j
oelafjk m%Odk pß; fõ' Bg wu;rj"
lsishï m%udKhlg ksrEmKh
jk wjfYAI pß; o /ils' tfy;a
jeo.;a u ldrKh kï" ta ish¨fokd u
w;ßka" l:lhdf.a f,dl= udud jk
wì,sx is[af[daf.a pß;h jvd;a u
biau;= fldg fmfkkag ie,eiaùu h'
ta fya;= fldg f.k u" fï m%nkaOh
u.ska isßfiakf.a pß;h muKg u
wì,sxf.a o pß;h o újrKh jk nj
mdGlhdg meyeÈ,s jkq we;
kjl;dj y÷kd .ekSfï §" pß;
ms<sn| tu ldrKh .ek ie,ls,su;a
ùu uekú' wfkla úfYaI;ajh jkqfha"
fï l;dj f.dv k`.k ni h'
;=xux yxÈh
uy.u fialr ^1929 - 1976&
l:k isxy,h muKg u" f,aLk
isxy,h o l;=jrhd úiska Ndú; lr
f.k we;' l;dj bÈßhg .,df.k
hkafka isßfiak ;ukaf.a l;dj
lshk wdldrfhka jqj o" l;=jrhd
fhdod .kakd úfYaI Wml%u ksid"
th msgia;rhl=f.a oEig fmfkk
ú,dihla o .kS' th fï kjl;dfõ
olakg ,efnk úfYaI ,laIKhls'
wfkla úfYaI;ajh jkqfha" l;=jrhd
fhdod .kakd w;sYh iÔù wdLHdk
Í;sh fyj;a l;dj f.dv ke`.Sfï
ms<sfj< hs' tys § iÔú wdldrfhka l:k
ni fhdod .kakd wmQ¾j ú,dih oelal
yels h' Ndú; iÔú NdId ú,dih o"
ixjdo o úuid ne,Sfuka" l;=jrhdf.a
l;d l,dj uekúka y÷kd.; yels h'
;=xux yxÈh kjl;dj wjika jkafka"
isßfiakf.a f,dl=ududf.a urKfhks'
tu wjia:dj jk úg" isßfiak fld<U
urodfka ld¾ñl úoHd,fha W.ksñka
isà' isßfiakf.a Ôú;fha B<`. wjêh
úldYkh flfrkafka" ufkdaukaÈr
kï fojeks lD;sfhks' ieneúka u"
th ;=xux yxÈfha fojeks fldgi h'
isßfiakf.a ;reK Ôú;h ks¾jHdc
wdldrfhka újrKh flfrk
ufkdaukaÈr wjika jkafka" Tyqf.a
fmdä udud jk fia;ka is[af[da
uqo,d,s Wu;=njg meñK blaì;sj Tyq
ishÈú kid.kakd isoaêhlsks'
tu kjl;dj o lshjd ne,Su" ;=xux
yxÈfha ksrEms; isßfiakf.a pß;h
jvd;a fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr.ekSug
fya;= jkq fkd wkqudk h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 69
 ,sÅ; wNHdi

1' kjl;djl uQ,sl wx. ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dj ;=< fldf;la ÿrg olakg ,efíoehs
kso¾Yk weiqfrka úuikak'
2' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ f,dl= ududf.a pß;h ms<sn| újrKhla lrkak'
3' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ NdId Ndú;h ms<sn|j ksoiqka iys; j w.hkak'
4' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ id¾:l;ajhg tys ukd isoaê .e<mSu bjy,a ù we;'
úuikak'
5' ;=xux yxÈh kjl;dfõ Ndú; oDIaá fldaKh tys id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a ù we;s
oehs úuikak'

70 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

6 isxy, ck lúh
l=uk NdIdjlg wh;a idys;Hhla
jqj o th ‘úo.aO idys;Hh’ yd ‘ck
idys;Hh’ jYfhka m%fNao oajhhlska
hqla; h' W.;=ka úiska ks¾udKh
lrkq ,efnk idys;H lD;s úo.aO
idys;Hhg;a" idudkH ckhd úiska
lrkq ,efnk idys;H ks¾udK ck
idys;Hhg;a wh;a fldg ie,fla'
ta l=uk idys;Hhl jqj o" ldjHhg
ysñ jkafka woaú;Sh ia:dkhls'
tla tla wjêj, § W.;=ka úiska
y÷kajd fokq ,en we;s ldjH rpkh
ms<sn| úúO Ys,am l%u" kS;sÍ;s"
yd iïu; iïm%odh wkqj W.;=ka
úiska iïmdokh flfrk úo.aO
ldjH ks¾udK yereKq úg úêu;a
wOHdmkhla fkd ,enQ idudkH
ckhd úiska ;u ksi. yelshdj u;
flfrk ck ldjH ks¾udK o ldjH
idys;Hfhys olakg ,efí'
ckhd w;f¾ u ks¾udKh ù
ckhd w;f¾ u wdrlaId fjñka
uqLmrïmrd.;j mejf;k ldjH
idudkHfhka ye¢kafjkafka ‘ck
lú’ kñks' úo.aO idys;Hhla ke;s
ck fldgila w;r o ck lú my<
ù ;sîu fuka u úh;=ka lú ,sùug
fmr isg u ck lú my< ù ;sîu ck
lúfhys oelsh yels m%Odk ,laIK
folls'
isxy, ck lúhg we;af;a b;d È.=
b;sydihls' isxy, W.;=ka ldjH
.%ka: rpkd lsÍug fmr ld,fha
mgka ck lúh ckhd w;r mej;s
njg idOl nqoaOf>daI ysñhkaf.a
md<s wgqjdj,ska yuq fõ' f.dhï
rlakd <`ÿkaa msßila úiska .dhkd
lrk ,o cd;s" crd" urK hk oyï
lreKq we;=<;a fy< .Shla wid
NslaIQkajykafia,d ieg kula ry;a
M,hg m;a jQ mqj; tla kso¾Ykhls'
ú,l fk¨ï u,a fk<ñka isá oeßhl
úiska .hk ,o wks;Hh isysm;a
flfrk .Shla wid ;siai kï f;reka
jykafia flfkl= ry;a M,hg
m;a jQ mqj; o ;j;a kso¾Ykhls'
ldjH ks¾udK l=i,;dj w;S; isxy,
ckhdg ksi.fhka u Wreu jQjla nj
fmfka' “iEu isxy,fhl= u ;rul
mdfya lúfhls' hg;a msßfihska
Tjqkg lú hehs lshk ,o foh
rpkd l< yels h” hkqfjka fcdaka
fâú i|yka lr we;af;a tneúks'
j¾;udkfha ck lú olakg
,efnkafka f,aLk.;j jqj;a
w;S;fha tajd mej;sfha ckhdf.a
u;lfhys h¦ tajd jHdma; jQfha
uqLmrïmrd.;j h' tla mqoa.,hl=
úiska rpkd fldg lshk ,o
lúhla wik ;j;a mqoa.,fhl=
fyda mqoa.,hka iuQyhla fyda úiska
th Ndú;hg .efkkafka ;ukag
wefik wdldrfhks' ta wkqj ta lúh
N+f.da,Sh yd iudÔh iSud udhsï
miq lrf.k uq¿ uy;a iudch mqrd
u jHdma; fõ' tys § ta lúfha uq,a
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 71
 iajrEmh hï hï fjkialïj,g
Ndckh ùu iajdNdúl ixisoaêhls'
fndfyda úg m%dfoaYsl jHjydr ñY%
ùfuka tl u lúh úúO iajrEmfhka
olakg ,efnk wjia:d fndfyda h'
Bg kso¾Ykhla f,i my; oelafjk
lúfhys l¿ wl=ßka oelafjk
‘tkav’" ‘tkak’" ‘tkag’ hk jpk
m%dfoaYSh jHjydr wkqj fjkia ù
jHjydr jk wdldrh olajd we;¦
“br mdhd br uqÿkg tkav tmd
i| mdhd i| uqÿkg tkav tmd”
“br mdhd br uqÿkg tkak tmd
i| mdhd i| uqÿkg tkak tmd”
“br mdhd br uqÿkg tkag tmd
i| mdhd i| uqÿkg tkag tmd”
tfia u fï lúfhys ‘uqÿkg’ hk
jpkh fjkqjg ‘wjrg’ hk jpkh
jHjydr jk wjia:d o ;sfí¦
“br mdhd br wjrg tkak tmd
i|mdhd i| wjrg tkak tmd”
ck lúh mQ¾j ksYaÑ; jia;= úIhhka
f;aud fldg .;a ks¾udKhla fkd
fõ' ck Èú fmfj; yd ne¢ ´kE
u ldrKhla ck lúhg jia;=
úIh fõ' Ôú;fha úúO wjia:d"
/lSrlaId" mqoa., ufkdaNdj"
úfkdaoh yd YDx.drh" fl<sfi,a,ï"
WmyerK" weoys,súYajdi" f;arú,s
wdÈ fkdfhl=;a lreKq ck lúhg
f;aud ù we;'
isxy, ck iudch lDIsld¾ñl
w¾: l%uh yd nqÿoyu mokï fldg
.;a ir, Ôjk rgdjlg wkq.;j
ilia jQjls' m%Odk Ôjfkdamdh
72 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
jQ f.dú;ek wdY%s; lreKq ck
lúhg fnfyúka jia;= fldg f.k
we;' iS iEu" jemsÍu" me< fk<Su"
wiajkq fk<Su" jk i;=kaf.ka j.d
wdrlaId lr.ekSu i|yd me,a /lSu
wdÈ f.dú;ek wdY%s; ld¾hhka ck
lúhg f;aud ù ;sîu fuka u tjeks
ld¾hhkays § fjfyi ksjd .ekSfï
yd úfkdaoh iemhSfï m%Odk udOHh
jYfhka ck lúh Ndú; lsÍu o
úfYaI ,laIKhls' ta wkqj ‘lu;a
lú’" ‘fk¨ï lú’" ‘me,a lú’ wd§
jYfhka tla tla f.dú;eka ld¾hhg
wod< jQ ck lú ìys ù we;'
tfia u" ckhd kshe<s fiiq ish¨
jD;a;Ska yd l¾udka; iu. o ck
lúh oeä fia noaO ù mej;s‚' ta wkqj
.e,alrejka" Tremdre mojkakka"
lïu,alrejka" l=U,alrejka"
m;,alrejka" mka l¾udka;lrejka
wdÈ iEu jD;a;shlg u wh;a
ck fldgia w;r ck lúh Ndú;
úh' “lúh Wmfhda.S lr fkd.;a
lsis u jevla isxy,hdg ke;'
fjf,a § luf;a §" mef,a §" .ef,a
§" m;f,a §" fyafka §" hlv ;e,Sfï
§ isxy,hdg lúhla fkd lshd u
neßh' fïjd jeäyßhla msßñka l<
ld¾hhka ksid" lúh mqreI mlaIhg
muKla iSud lsÍug fkd yels h'
ia;%sh o or leãu" ù flàu" orejka
ke<ùu" mka fk<Su" meÿre úùu wd§
ld¾hhkays ksr; ùfï § lúh Ndú;
l<d h” hkqfjka noafoa.u úu,jxY
ysñ i|yka lr we;af;a tfyhsks' ta
wkqj tla tla jD;a;shg úfYaI jQ ck
lú ìys ù we;' Bg ksoiqka jYfhka
‘m;,a lú’" ‘lr;a; lú’" ‘mdre lú’"
‘mka lú’ wdÈh oelaúh yels h'
mqoa., ufkdaNdjhka m%ldYkhg o
ck lúh w.kd udOHhla úh' wdorh"
YDx.drh jeks ufkdaNdj Rcqj
fuka u jHx.fhka bÈßm;a flfrk
ck lú nyq,j oelsh yels h'
úfYaIfhka ;reK mrmqr w;r
fnfyúka m%p,s;j mej;s tjeks ck
lúj, jHx.Hd¾:j;a fm%audrdOkd yd
YDx.drd;aul m%ldYk we;=<;a fõ'
ujqmsh"jeäysáhka wd§kaf.a .=K"
l=i.skak" oßø;dj" orejka yd {d;Ska
úiska fkd i,ld yßkq ,enQjkaf.a
ÿla wf|dakd" wfmalaId Nx.;ajh"
wjudk ú£ï" wkfmalaIs; jHik"
wUqieñ wdrdjq,a jeks lreKq o f;aud
jQ ck lú iq,n h'
bisUqjla ,o ie‚ka lú lshd" kgd
úfkdao ùu .eñ ckhdf.a isß; úh'
ta wkqj úúO ck l%Svdj, § Ndú;
lú o ck lú w;r úfYaI ;ekla
.kS' ,S fl<sh" T<s| fl<sh" wx
fl<sh" l<f.ä kegqu" TkaÑ,s me§u
jeks ck l%Svd iïnkaOj ìys ù we;s
ck lú /ils' zl<f.ä ud,hZ yd
zTkaÑ,s jdrïZ hk ck lú rpkd Bg
ksoiqka h'
isxy, ixialD;sh f.dv keÕSfuys,d
mokï jQ nqÿoyñka ck iudcfha
hymeje;au flfrys bjy,a jk
wdOHd;añl ixj¾Okh i|yd w.kd
WmfoaY iemhs‚' ta i|yd o ck lúh
;rï m%n, udOHhla ;j;a fkd ù h'
iudch hyu. heùfï wruqK fuka
u jerÈ" wvq ¨yq~qlï we;s ;eka
úfõpkh lsÍug yd tajd u;= fldg
fmkaùug ck lúh Wmfhda.S lr
f.k ;sfí'
iajdNdúl fya;= ksid we;s jk kshÕh"
jix.;" f.dú;eka md¿ùï wdÈh
ksjdrKh i|yd isÿ flfrk n,s-
f;dú,a" fi;a-Ydka;s wdÈfha § fuka
u f.dú;efkka M,odj ,nd .;a miq
j foúhka i;=gq lsÍu i|yd mqomQcd
meje;aùfï § o ckhd Ndú; flf<a
ck lúh hs' we;eï foúfoaj;djka uq,a
lrf.k meje;afjk Ydka;sl¾uj, §
.dhkd flfrk cklú úfYaI o fõ'
fofjd,auvq yd .ïuvq wd§ mQcdjkays
.efhk zflda,auqr lúZ Bg ksoiqkls'
f;arú,s lú o ck lú w;r lemS
fmfkk lú úfYaIhls' f;arú,s
isõmo jYfhka o ye¢kafjk fï
lúj, úfYaI;ajh kï tla lúhlska
.eg¨jla bÈßm;a lsÍu;a" ta .eg¨jg
úi÷u ;j;a lúhlska bÈßm;a
lsÍu;a h'
Ôú;fha úúO ixl%dka;s wjia:d jk
Wm;" rkalsß lg.Eu" wl=re lshùu"
jeäúh meñŒu" újdyh" urKh
jeks iEu wjia:djla u yd iïnkaO
weoys,súYajdi" isß;aúß;a" j;ams<sfj;a
uq,a lr.;a ck lú o ;sfí' fï wkqj
ck lúfha jia;= úIh" ckhdf.a
wjYH;d u; ck Ôú;h yd ine¢
ish¨ wxYhka iam¾Y lrk mq¿,a
mrdihl mj;sk wdldrh ye¢k .;
yels h'
fndfyda úg úo.aO ldjHhl § rplhd
ksYaÑ;j y÷kd .ekSfï yelshdj
we;;a ck lúhl rplhd ksYaÑ; j
y÷kd.ekSug yelshdjla ke;' we;eï
úg wkaof¾ jeks m%lg lùka lshd
we;s lú ckhd w;r ck lú f,i
m%p,s; ù we;s úfYaI wjia:d we;;a
ck lúfha idudkH ,laIKh kï
tys whs;sh iuia; ck iudch u i;=
ùu h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 73
 ck lúh yqfola kQ.;a ckhdf.a
wjHla; rpkd f,i fndfyda
úpdrlhka úiska i,lkq ,enQj;a
idys;Hhsl w.h iys; w¾:mQ¾K
yd rimQ¾K rpkd isxy, ck lú
w;r mj;sk nj i|yka l< hq;= h'
úfYaIfhka u ck lúfha úfYaI
.=Kdx.hla kï tajdfha mj;sk
wjHdc;ajhhs' wjHdc;ajh mej;s
mu‚ka lúh id¾:l fkd jk
kuq;a rij;a nj Wfoid wjHdc;ajh
b;d jeo.;a fõ'
ixlS¾K w;aoelSï yd ufkdaNdjhka
b;d ir," iq.u nilska bÈßm;a
lsÍu o ck lúfha úfYaI .=Kdx.
hls' Ôú;hg yels ;dla ióm jk
fia WmudÈ w,xldr Ndú;h iy
.eUqre Ôjk w¾: èjks; lrñka
ir, j ks¾udKh lsÍu u.ska ck
lúfha idys;Hhsl w.h ;yjqre
flfrhs' Ñrka;k lúiuhg jy,a
fjñka" .;dkq.;sl Wmud o w,xldr
Ndú; lsÍu úh;a lùkaf.a iïm%odh
úh' tfy;a ck lúj, we;af;a
ckhd úiska ;ud Ôj;a jk mßirh
wdY%fhka .%yKh lr .kq ,enQ
ruŒh ixl,am rEm nj isxy, ck
lú úuik úg fmkS hhs'
´kEu idys;Hlrejl= ;u
ks¾udKfhka W;aidy lrkqfha
mdGlhdg fyda Y%djlhdg yeÕSï
±kfjk mßÈ ;u w;aoelSu
m%ldY lsÍug h' tfy;a mßK;"
ks¾udKd;aul nqoaêhlska fyì lúhd
ish yeÕSï bÈßm;a lrkafka ixh;
iajrhlsks' fï ,laIKh fndfyda
ck lúj, o olakg ,efí'
fndfyda ck lúj, fhfok
jpkud,dj NdjmQ¾K" w¾: rifhka
74 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
fuka u Yío rifhka o wkQk jQjls'
tfuka u èjks;d¾:j;a jk nj o
oelsh yels h' ta ta wjia:djg yd
Ndjhkag WÑ; mßÈ úúO jD;a;
ksrdhdislj u Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug
ck lùyq iu;a jQy' ore ke<ú,s"
TxÑ,s jdrï" l<f.ä kegqï" f.dhï
lú hkdÈh mÍlaId lsÍfï § fuh
uekúka y÷kd.; yels h' tjeks
lú yd iïnkaO jk wjia:djkag
.e<fmk ßoauhka ta lúj, .eí ù
;sfnkafka tfyhsks'
ck lú NdIdfõ úfYaI ,laIKhla
kï l:d jHjydrhg ióm jpk
Ndú; lsÍu hs' f,aLk NdIdj yev
.efikafka W.;a f,aLl msßilf.ks'
fmdÿckhdg f,aLk NdId m%fhda.
f.dapr fkdjqK o ffoksl Ôú;fha
§ wkHhka yd ikaksfõok wjYH;d
imqrd .kakd l:d jHjydrh ck lú
ks¾udKh i|yd WÑ; mßÈ .<md
.ekSug o ukd yelshdjla ;sì‚'
l:d jHjydr NdIdj Ndú;h isÿj
we;af;a WÉpdrKfha yd m%ldYkfha
myiqj uq,a lrf.k nj fmfka' ta
wkqj ck lúfha mo rgd" Yío rgd
fuka u jdlH rgd ish,a, u mdfya
l:d jHjydrhg fnfyúka ióm fõ'
tu.ska lúhg f;aud jk w;aoelSï
yd yeÕSï oekSï wdÈh jvd;a uekúka
m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug yels ù we;'
fndfyda úg l:d jHjydr NdIdj
jHdlrK Í;sj,g wkql+, fkdjk
kuq;a thska lsisÿ wdldrhlska ri
úkaaokhg ndOdjla we;s fkd fõ'
fï wkqj ck lúh úo.aO
ldjHfhka fjkia jQ Bg u
iqúfYaIS jQ wkkH ,laIK iys; jQ
fmdÿck idys;Hdx.hla nj meyeÈ,s
fjhs'
 ck lúh ms<sn| wOHhkh lsÍu jYfhka fuka u udkj úoHd;aul
jeo.;a jkafka th ck Ôú;h ms<sn| yd iudc úoHd;aul uQ,dY%hla o jk
jeo.;a lreKq wkdjrKh lr.; fyhsks'
yels úfYaI idys;Hhsl uQ,dY%hla

ßÈfhka ;k,d r;arka Tn,d

ler,s flgQjhs oEle;af;a
iqr;g rkajka /,s kxjd ,d
lÈug È,sfihs oEle;af;a
wäfhka wähg ;d, lshkakg
infhka wjir ,en.;af;a
i;rjrï foúhkaf.a n,fhka
f.dhï lmuq wms oEle;af;a

brg brla ke; fufyu brla ke; bßod mdhk br jdf.a

i|g i|la ke; fufyu i|la ke; i÷od mdhk i| jdf.a
Èhg Èhla ke; fufyu Èhla ke; le,‚ .fÕa Èhjr jdf.a
fl;g fl;la ke; fufyu fl;la ke; f.dhï fk<k fï fl; jdf.a

,iaik ysujf;a ud ù mefikafka

ÿla fok w,s we;=ka mkakd yßkafka
/lafuka foúhfka fj, n;a nqÈkafka
ÿmam;alu ksihs uu me,a rlskafka

fndaUq bo, o¨ ,d foda fkd ,d foda

flláh uf,a jl hd foda fkd hd foda
le,‚ .fÕa Tre hd foda fkd hd foda
l¿f. k.d fuys tA foda fkd tA foda

lkao Wäka tk lsls<sh f.daußfha

k<,a jáka tk odäh uq;= leáfha
w; mduqÿ mh mduqÿ jhsfrdäfha
ug msgqmd f.g hkjo iqr;,sfha

w,a,d f.k fkßh w;lska lsï o kf.da

jidf.k fo;k w;lska lsï o kf.da
ysñfhla ke;s .uka ;ks uÕ lsï o kf.da
wïn,fï b|,d wms hï o kf.da

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 75

 nv.sks fj,d uu .sh l, mq;=f. f.g
uek,d ù folla ÿkakhs u,a,lg
.kafoda fkd.kafoda lsh,d is;=‚ ug
uek, o mqf;a lsß ÿkafka ux kqUg

fodvï lmd,d weUq,a ;kd,d
kdkav hk yeá n,ka lÆ
fiaf,a we|,d fkßh ;shd,d
ñÿf,a ilauka lrhs lÆ
oyila §,d j<¨ ;kd,d
oEf;a w;,d n,hs lÆ
ÿkqfla u, fia W¿ f.hs we| msg
T<s| fl<sk ieá n,ka lÆ

,;a muKg ueá bÈ lrjd f.k
m;a ne|,d l<f.ä ;kjd f.k
w;a kEr u l<f.ä f;dard f.k
is;a if;diska l< msôkag fjk fjk

hiiska jeä m;a;sks l| f;Èfka

kqjrg <Õ mia ksß÷f. Whfka
jg fldg oi oyila msßjßfka
wl,g wUhla m, .;s Whfka

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ck lúfhys fmdÿ ck Ôú;h uekúka ksrEmKh ù we;' mdvfï oelafjk

lú weiqfrka úuikak'
2' Ôjk jD;a;Ska yd ne÷Kq w;aoelSï ck lúhdg jia;= úIh ù ;sfí' ksoiqka
iys;j úuikak'
3' ck lúh wjHdc ,laIK fmkajk idys;Hdx.hls' mdvfï we;=<;a lú
weiqfrka ú.%y lrkak'
4' ck lú nfiys úfYaI;d mdvfï we;=<;a ck lú weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

76 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

7 hq;=lu
weia' uyskao ysñ ^1901-1951&

kQ;k hq.fha uq,a jljdkqjg

wh;a lùka w;r cd;Hd,h yd
cd;sldNsudkh Tma kexùfuys ,d
uy;a fufyjrla bgq l<d jQ lúhl=
f,i ie,flk weia' uyskao ysñfhda
cd;sl wd.ñl mqk¾Ôjk jHdmdrfhys
mqfrda.dó pß;hla jQy'
<ud mrmqr flakaø lr .ksñka ksoyia
yd ksjy,a Ñka;khla <ud ukiays
cks; lrjñka cd;Hd,h j¾Okfhys
,d ;u lú Yla;sh fufyhjQ uyskao
ysñfhda lõñ‚" lõuq;=" <ud lõ
l<U jeks fmd;a o ore ke,ú,a,
fyj;a cd;sl f;dá,a," ksoyia
uka;%h" ksoyia oeyek" ,xld ud;d
jeks .%ka: o rpkd l<y' moHj,ska ms<sìUq jkqfha NdId
Ndú;fha wmQ¾j;ajh o m%lg lrñks'
ld,Sk wjYH;d Wfoid lúh cd;Hd,h jvjkq jia úYd, iudc
fufyh jQ fld<U hq.fha uq,a j.lSula ;uka fj; mjrd .ksñka
mrmqf¾ fndfyda lùka fuka u ldjHlrKfhys fhÿKq Wka jykafia
Woafõ.lr jQ Rcq njla yd wdfõ. ;uka úiQ hq.h ;u lúj, ksrEmKh
YS,S;ajhla uyskao ysñhkaf.a ks¾udK lrñka ldjHlrKfhys ksu.ak jQjl=
fj;ska o m%lg jqj o b;d iQlaIau f,i ie,lsh yels h'
jQ ksi. lù;ajhla" <ud mrmqr
Wfoid t ysñhka ks¾udKh l< we;eï

W m ka fk;a uefrkafk;a ;kshu hs f,dfõ

t hs ka msg;a;r fjk úÈhlska fkdfõ
t hs ka tfyu kï ;u hq;=lu yuqfõ
ì fh ka ;e;s .ekqu wmyg ;rï fkdfõ

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 77

 kï nqj leu;s wh we;s kï fkd ù uq<d
. ï uqka iefjdu .ïuqkag u tl;= fj,d
f,d ï isÿrl ;rï j;a w`v onr fkd,d
ms ï ula mksuq .ïuqkaf.a ch u n,d
W m ka .fï n, Wreuh /l .kag
i g ka flreu i;=gla kï jeis hkag
ìfh ka fkdf.dia wyq uq`Mj, ßx .kag
b ;s ka huõ .ïuqkagu tla fjkag
j ¢ ka fka ke;sj f,dl= ks,Odßka g
; u ka f.a n,h Wreuh /l .ka g
ys ;s ka j;a leu;s kï th lr .ka g
b ;s ka w`v .iõ ;u ys; ñ;=rka g
wef;d;a .ug wdorhla is;ska ismd
w ; ;a mh;a T¨j;a fjk fjk u lmd
l ; ;a lula keye ìhiq¨ .;sh mmd
w hq ;a ;lg w;a fol Tijkag tmd
w fma rg wfma cd;sh wfma .u
w fma wi,ajeishd hk ish,a ,u
w fma w;g wjk; lr f.k jyu
w fma kug i,l; Èú fouq fufyu
uq, nei ;sfnk .ïuqkaf.a iu`.s iemd
fidf,djd urd j<,kakg fhdod Wmd
l=, u, W.=,a wgjk fndre nKla mmd
ks,Odßkag úiajdih fokag tmd

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' hq;=lu mµ mka;sfha NdId Ndú;h ms<sn`o we.hSula lrkak'

2' ‘hq;=lu’ meÈfm< weia'uyskao ysñ úiQ hq.fha iudc wjYH;djla l=¿ .ekafjk
mßÈ ,sheù we;' úuikak'
3' w§k ñksil= f,i iudcfha Ôj;a ùfï § flfkl= úiska ish is;=ï me;=ï
yev.id .; hq;= wdldrh hq;=lu mµ mx;sfhka bÈßm;a flf¾' meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
4' isjqmo wdlD;sh id¾:lj fhdod.;a ks¾udKhla f,i hq;=lu meÈ fm< ie,lsh
yelsh' fï m%ldYh ksoiqka weiqfrka úuikak'

78 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 8 W;=frka
id.r m,kaiQßh ^1910-1961&

kQ;k hq.fha uq,a mrmqrg wh;a jk

ckm%sh lùka lsysmfokd w;r m%uqLhl=
jQ id.r m,kaiQßh lúhd ‘flahia’ hk
wkaj¾: kdufhka mqj;am;a yd iÕrd
i|yd ks¾udK bÈßm;a lf<a h' m%ùK
f,aLlhl=" lúhl=" foaYlhl= muKla
fkdj md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrhl= o jQ
fyf;u .=rejrhl= f,i o fiajh
lf<a h'
fgksika keue;s bx.%Sis lúhdf.a
^Bfkdla wd¾vka& kue;s ldjHh
wdY%fhka rpkd lrk ,o ‘iqfodaiqÿ’
fudyqf.a m%lg u lD;sh jk w;r
u,aydñ" ld,lKa‚hd" lkafoa f.or"
úisjqKq ;re" le,‚ ú;a;s" ms<srej
yd wfma we;a;kaf. ú;a;s wdÈ lD;s o mj;akd iudc l%uh ms<sn| ishqï
t;=uf.a ks¾udK fõ' úfrdaOdl,amuh u;jdohla l=¿.ekafjk
ldjH ks¾udK i|yd úfoaY ldjH fudyqf.a lúh flfrys uOHia: úpdrl
fkdu| j weiqre l<d jQ hq.hl we;eï wjOdkhla fkd ùu lrK fldg fiiq
lùka fuka Ôú;fha YDx.drd;aul yd fndfyda lùkag fuka u idOdrK
fma%uŒh mlaIh ksrEmKh lsÍug jvd wjOdkhla iy we.hSula isÿ fkdù h'
flahia fhduq jQfha udkj ohdj yd
fma%uh l=¿.ekaùu flfrys h'

ol=fKa fuka u W;=fr;a ysre k`.shs Wfoa

rka ;re ߧ ;re ijig fm<g wefoa
y| we;s odg rinr /ia oyr yfoa
fmd,a .ia uqÿfk fuka ;,a .ia uqÿfk jefoa

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 79

 f.k ths ñysß .S u|k, yuk úg
jegfyhs fkd jegyqKq ie`.jqKq lreKq ug
ks,a meyehla ke;;a fï je,s fmdf<dj msg
Wohg fmfka fnd,a msks ì÷ mn¨ weg
;ks nj oefka tys ljq;=l rih we;
ud msg f.hl nj i,lkq mqreÿ ke;
yeu fudfyd;l u we;s WKqiqï .;sh u;
W.;sñ lsu o ñksid i;= fo fk; f;;
vyÈh fy<k wh ysßyer w;r jeà
ol=fKa fuka u W;=fr;a yeu ;eku isà
úuid n,ñ Tjqkf. yojf;ys yeà
l¿.,a hlv fkd j WKq ù yef<k bà
ne| we;s ú,x.=j md ñ‚ i,U fldg
i,ld jefgk th nekaoyq bÈß msg
ñksiqka ol=fK fuka W;=fr;a fmfkk úg
isysfhka ;=rka fjhs fyg hk oji ug
ñksyd fj;ska ñksyd fjka lrk ßiska
ne| we;s mjqre mokï lsis flkl= úiska
tajd lvd ì|f.k tys msreKq miska
md,u nef|kq we; ojil W;=re foiska
mehl È tlg yuq jk ÿr we; fo;ek
fuh fjka lrkq yels lsisjl= fj o fld;ek
iqreÜgqjg tla ù W;=f¾ T;k
fíoh ms<siaiS yuq fõjd ol=K

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘W;=frka’ ldjH ks¾udKhg mdol ù we;s f;audj ú.%y lrkak'

2' W;=frka meÈ fm< ld,Sk jákdlulska hqla; ks¾udKhls' Tfí woyia
olajkak'
3' ish ks¾udKh i|yd id.r m,kaiQßh fhdod f.k we;s ldfjHdala;s tys
id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a ù we;s wdldrh úuikak'

80 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

9 wd.ka;=l i;aldrh
úu,r;ak l=udr.u ^1919-1962&

kQ;k hq.hg wh;a §ma;su;a lúhl=

jQ úu,r;ak l=udr.u ,smslrejl=
f,i jD;a;Sh Ôú;h wdrïN lr
miq j m%dfoaYSh wdodhï md,l
OQrhg m;a úh' fudyq ìï;ekak"
fldf<dkak" jkaks y;am;a;=j jeks
b;d fkdÈhqKq yd ÿIalr m%foaYj,
fiajh lsÍfuka ,;a ks¾jHdc Ôjk
w;aoelSï ohdkqlïmdfjka hq;=j
m%;sks¾udKh lsÍug W;aidy .;a
lúfhls' .;dkq.;sl wdl,amj,ska
wE;aj ixhuYS,Sj yd uOHia:
uqyqKqjrlska w;aoelSï m%;sks¾udKh
lsÍug fm,UqKq lúhl= f,i Tyq
we.hqug md;% fjhs' ie,lsh yels h' udkj Ôú;fhys
ixfõ. fõokd ^1946&" ks,a iSkh yd iajdNdúl mßirfha
^1941&" Trej ^1942&" ymqu,S ^1946&" wfkHdakH ne£u ks¾jHdc f,i
iqr;,a¨ ^1961& hk moH lD;s ishqï ksÍlaIKdlaIshlska hq;=j
l=udr.uf.a ldjH ix.%y w;r fõ' m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu lrK fldg
l,la w.kqjr ;reK lú iudcfha iuld,Sk fiiq lùka w;=ßka fudyq
ixialdrljrhd f,i o Tyq lghq;= iqúfYaI fldg ye¢kafõ' rdcH
lr ;sfí' wkjYH Ndjd;aul fiajfhys ms<s.;a jD;a;slhl= f,i
núka ñÿKq b;d ixfõ§ ixhuYS,S fudyq úiska f.dv k`.d .kakd
nj o uqyql=rd .sh lú Yla;sh ,o iudc N+ñldj tA i|yd fudyqg
o WÑ;dkqÑ; Ndjfhka mßmQ¾K ufydamldÍ úh'
NdId yd w,xldr Ndú;h fudyqf.a
lúfhys olakg ,efnk .=K f,i

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 81

 .ka;=k ;=,dfka w,shd jegqKq je fõ
iqkaor ydñ t;rï fmdfydif;la fkd fõ
;=ka,dylu ìu jevlr Èfhka je fõ
rka jka lr,a nrù oeka ìug ke fõ
Tyqf.a .ug ud .sh ta m<uq jr
;ju;a isf;a we; wu;l fkd jk hqr
fyakg f.diska f.ka yQjla ;ru ÿr
tkjd Èáñ ñá ne| f.k úh,s or
orál ;nd fijKe;s m¨ .il hg
msi ou oud odäh tk k<, msg
ud tk ;=reu isg fmkajQ isky lg
;ju;a fmfka ÿla fodïkia w;r ug
fmr oel fkdue;s uq;a iqkaor ydñ úiska
uf. f;dr;=re weiQ yeá ys;j;l= f,iska
f.ähla lvdf.k f.ñÿ, ;eô,s .iska
ms<s.ekaùh ug fidïki msreKq weiska
fmd,a foys fodvï .ia ;=k y;rls j;af;a
ÿmam;a luhs yeu ;ek ,l=Kqj we;af;a
flf,io lshd l< .=K ie,lsh hq;af;a
ÿka i; mKyj;a Tyq ke; ms<s .;af;a
wd.ka;=lj tk flfkl=g mqreÿ ke;s
ys;j;a lñka ie,l+ hq;=luh is;S
Tyq fj; uqo,lska ud l< yeáh ;=;S
isysù uf.a lïuq, r;= meyeh .;S

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘wd.ka;=l i;aldrh meÈ fm< id¾:l ks¾udKhls'’ woyia olajkak'

2' úu,r;ak l=udr.uf.a lú m%;sNdj ‘wd.ka;=l i;aldrh’ mµ mx;sh weiqfrka
úuikak'
3' fï meÈ fm<g jia;= úIh ù we;s w;aoelSu fláfhka újrKh lrkak'

82 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

10 we;a .df,a ore fmu
YS% pkaør;ak udkjisxy ^1913-1964&

f,aLlhl=" mqj;am;a l,dfõÈhl="

lúhl= yd .S; rplhl= f,i
lS¾;shla w;am;a lr .;a Y%S pkaør;ak
udkjisxy kQ;k hq.hg wh;a jk
m%lg lúfhla fjhs' mqj;am;a udOH
Tiafia lúh ckm%sh wx.hla njg
m;a l< msßi w;r m%uqLhl= ùug
fudyq ,xld§m mqj;amf;a ixialdrl
uKav,fhys fiajfhys kshqla; ùu o
msájy,a jQ nj fmfka'
iudc jgmsgdj ishqï f,i
Wmydid;aul j úfõpkhg ,la
lrñka ilik ,o mdGl m%cdj w;r
fnfyúka ckm%sh;ajhg m;a ‘j.;=.’
;Sre ,sms ix.%yh udkjisxyf.a
fu;=ud w;ska ,shejqKq ó lsß" fjila
bÈßm;a lsÍuls' t;=ud 1955 § m%:u
ñysr" .=re f.org hk w;ru." we;a
isxy, .S; kdglh jQ ‘ufkdaydÍ’
.df,a ore fmu" uf.a rg" uyfnda
rpkd l< w;r 1957 § ‘fldau,
jkaku jeks rpkd ir, yd iq.u
f¾Ld’ kñka .S; ix.%yhla o m<
Ôjk fi!kao¾hfhka wkQk ks¾udK
lf<a h' fuu .S; ix.%yfhys lú
f,i ie,lsh yels h' ksre;aidyl
mka;s lsysmhla we;=<;a jQ kuq;a
yDohx.u jQ mo .e<mqu" yoj;g
flaj, ldjH ix.%yhla uqøKh fkd
f.dapr jQ ir, nia jyrla Ndú; lsÍu"
ù h' ‘f.d¿ oeßh’ ^1962& kñka
ks¾jHdc Ôjk fi!kao¾hh ms<sìUq
l=vd flál;d ix.%yhla o m< úh'
lsÍu Tyqf.a ks¾udKlrKfhys
fudyqf.a wNdjfhka l,lg miq
wkkH ,laIK jk w;r iuld,Sk
‘idys;H rih’ kñka ,sms tl;=jla
fiiq lùka w;r udkjisxyf.a
o" ‘yoj;a ke;af;da’ kñka flál;d
iqúfYaI;ajh biau;= lr oelafjk
ix.%yhla o" ‘bysreKq lsßn;’
uQ,sldx. o f,i ie,lsh yels h'
kñka <ud .S fmd;la o ‘udkjisxy
idys;Hh’ kñka .oH moH rpkd
iuqÉphla o t<s oelaú‚'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 83
 fudlgo wïfï nv.sks tkjd
wïug .eyqfõ ksÈu; tkjd
udu, fokafkl= fldfyduo wïfï
jglr,d ud bkafka
weÕ m; ;e<s,d wfka mqf;a ug
ßfokj we;sfka lkak fndkak kE
fldÉpr .eyqjo tA yskaÞ kE
ne| ou,d lsß trefKa
fomd i;df.a whskl b|,d
<Õ ld î f.k ÿjk wïu,d-
isáhu .;s.=K f.ka lsß îmka
fjkia fj,d fmdä mq;=fka
udu, Tfyduhs orejka ke;s wïu-
Wkaf.a nygu ,g;a lsß kï
yerkj kElu ;sfhkj yßhg
w;a yer,d nqre¨ mqrd
wïu, lk fldg tAjd wïu,
j;=r kdk fldg fnÞ .kakjo
;smamf, ksÈhk wmg fndkak
fldg jeá,d yeuúgu Wrd
lef,a udu,d tl orefjla we;s
bv § whskg jqfKd;a /f<a wfm
fj,d bkakjd ldg;a lsß tß
fkdje /l,d ,d tkjd
ñksyhs lshkd
fomd i;df.a fjkia lula kE
<Õska .sh;a we;s tl fifkyiuhs
fmdä mq;=fka ldf.;a orefjdhs
ie,flkjd
f<ys mmq lï kE
yß .;s .=K kE oelalo wïfï
tA nj ljqre;a yß fmdrhla fka
okakjfka wfm kdhlhg
mg,ejqfKa
wïug lsß kE
fjk wïu, wr f,dl= ;=ka fofkl=g
tfy fufy ÿjkj ysá wäfhu isg
neÈ f.dkafka Bfha .y,hs
j,a jeÿfKa

84 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

kdhlhd wfm fomd i;=ka Th
mek,d hkafk kE wdrlaIdjg
jeg ne|,d ñi rka flkafoka
wm yer,d ´jd n¢;S
Wkaoe;a tlal, wks;a u,a,s,d
.y.kakg nE kx.s, ÿjkj
Tlafldu ysg,;a mqxÑ ll=,a ßfokj
wr f.d,a,d we;sfka
wïfu wïfu wr lsß W.=rla î
n,kakflda yeá .kak nerej wr
fomd i;=ka mek oÕ,k yeá ÿgq
f.k tkjd -jo ÿlsfka
wkak wkak wfm fndai;a uq;a;,
kdhlhd wo biair ysáh¨
f,a Þf.k ìu wfma l=f,;a fyd|
fmrf<kjd ku ÿkafka
nqoaoka irKhs o< oka ÿkak¨
fohshka irKhs nqÿ nj ,enqj¨
;j ;j .ia .ia tA .ekj;a keye
j, irKhs i,lkafka
.yf.k neß jqKq wïfu wïfu wr
;ek ñksiqka yg fomd i;=ka fyu
Öæ Öæ .sks .=Ka- Th f;dr;=re ke;=-
vqfj irKhs -jo okafka

kdhlhd wfm fndai;a uq;a;,-

u<d fkao ±ka f.a kdfug j;a
fomd i;=ka <x lsß W.=rla keye
ù isá;s fkdje fokafka
ÿgqjo wïfï ñksiqka w;f¾
fmdr ld f.k weo iu.sh ke;s ù
j,sf.a f,dï .,- nqÿ yduqÿrefjd
-jd .ks;S tod wfka
nqÿ irfK;a uÈ mdfrf,hsh jk-
foú irfK;a uÈ hg jeä Þ wfm
uhs,a .fya ir- uq;a; flfkls
-fK;a m;;S Wmldr jqfKa

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 85

 o¨ ,k ldf,a
.ia je,a fyjfKa
.x.dj, iqÿ
je,s f.d,af,a
weúo weúo wm
wdfh;a ljoo
rxpqfj hkafka
tl t,af,a
l=re,a,kaf. .S
iq<fÕ hkj we;s
l÷ /<s fyñysg
nei hoa§

ú,aj, u,a yeu

mqnq Èkjd we;s
wms fuys iqiqfuka
miqfjoa§

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘we;a .df,a ore fmu’ ore fifkyi ms<sn| wmQre Ñka;djla ujk meÈ fm<ls'
úuikak'
2' ñksidf.a we;eï ls%hdldrlï i;a;aj ixy;sfha meje;aug o ;¾ckhla ù we;s
wdldrh fuu meÈ fmf<a úia;r flfrhs' meyeÈ,s lrkak'

86 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

11 jeys j,d l=<
l=udr;=x. uqksodi ^1887-1944&
isxy, NdId yd idys;H lafIa;%fha
úma,ùh fjkila isÿ l< wurŒh
pß;hla f,i l=udr;=x. uqksodihka
ie,lsh yels h' fudyq f,aLlhl="
NdId m%ùKhl=" úpdrlhl=" mqj;am;a
l;=jrhl= fuka u lúhl= f,i
m%lg oaúNdIl W.;l= jQ w;r
mdGYd,dpd¾hjrhl= f,i ish
jD;a;Sh Ôú;h werö h' 1917 §
idudkH oekSu ms<sn| m%Yak uefhka
.%ka:hla m< lrñka .%ka:lrKhg
wj;S¾K jQ l=udr;=x. lõis¿ñK"
ksldh ix.%yh wdÈ iïNdjH .oH"
moH .%ka: .Kkdjla ixialrKh
lrñka o ldjH .S; yd m%nkaOlrKh
Wfoid Wmfoia imhñka lú YslaIdj"
úß;a jelsh" fy< ñheish yd
m%nkafOdamfoaYh" m%nkaO ix.%yh m<
lrñka o iajlSh m%{d uysuh m%lg
1931 § ‘,lañ‚ myk’ mqj;amf;a;a
lf<a h'
ixialdrl OQrh bis,S h' fudyqf.a
isxy, NdIdfõ jHdlrKh flfrys ks¾udKd;aul m%;sNdj jvd;a úYo
úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< jkafka ldjH ks¾udK weiqßks'
fudyq" NdIdj Y=oaO jia;=jla f,i ySkaierh" y;amK" u.=,a lEu" l=udr
i,lñka ñY% isxy,h neyer lrñka .S hk lD;s <ud mrmqr w;r fnfyúka
iïNdjH hq.fha .%ka: weiqßka ckm%sh <ud .%ka: jk w;r ‘mshiur’
isxy, jHdlrKfha ieÕù mej;s Í;s fudyqf.a lù;ajfha w.% M,h f,i
iïm%odhka wkdjrKh lrñka Bg ie,lsh yels fõ' <uhska i|yd fuka
wkqrEmj j;auka NdId Ndú;h ilia u jeäysáhka i|yd l< fudyqf.a
úh hq;= h hk ±ä u;fhys t,an ldjH ks¾udKj, jQ wmQ¾j;ajh yd
.ksñka isxy, NdId mqk¾Ôjkfhys idrj;a nj mdGlhd flfrys tf,iska
kshe¨fKa h' ‘fy<yjq,’ kï jQ NdId u ikaksfõokh fkd ùu flfrys
fm%aókaf.a tluq;=j f.dv k.d .;a fy< yjqf,a ±ä;r NdId u;jdo m%n,
l=udr;=x. 1939 § ‘iqni’ iÕrdfõ;a" mjqrla úh'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 87
 1' jeys j,d l=<" mE l`M he hs Tfí
fkd fydì;s hs lsis f,ia fkd if;dia fkd jka
isrere mEfhkqz.;a iqofkda f,dfõ
fkd y÷k;a W;=uka .=Kfhka úkd'
2' meke - keÕS wyfia me;sÍ f.diska"
මy .suka is÷jd ස; is;a f;diska"
ක=Uqre - jeõ - fmdl=Kq;a mqrjd Èfhka"

‍ ෙ,djg fokakd Tn hs wyr;a mekq;a'
3' ko wid Tn f.a meyeh;a n,d"
‍ ෙudkre ms,a úoyd rÕ fo;a koska'
අuq;=fhka mKj;a nj ,;a fihska"
;=re ,sh;a ,sh-,hs iekeiS Èfhka'
4' iqÿ j,d l=`M fnda ue wyia l=fia
ඉy< fhhs; Tn hEu my;a je ue hs
t mqÿfula o@ Wiia keKj;a ofkda
.=K nßka keuqfKzõ mj;s;a නිතින්
5' lgg .ekau o fnda ue wudre jQ
කr Èh;a Tn .;a l,e id.frka
ñysß fjhs W;=uka iy jdifhka
ksjgfhda o Wiia fj;s fnda fihska'
6' .=K n,d Tn f.a f,d ind oyï
zTnez/ wka lsisfjla ksis kEZ lshd
úÿ,sh;a meye m;a rk oï fihska
m<|jkafk Tfí f.f, ue hs n,ka'

lshjk kqjK
,sÅ; wNHdi

1' jeys j,d l=< weiqfrka l=udr;=x. lúhd Wiia udkj .=K O¾u ksrEmKh
lrhs' tajd myokak'
2' “l¿ meyeh ms<sn|j iudcfha mj;sk wdl,amh ksfIaOkh lsÍug jeys
j,d l=< ks¾udKh iu;a fjhs” úuikak'
3' jeys j,d l=< meÈ fm< id¾:l ks¾udKhls' Tnf.a woyia olajkak'
4' mßirfha úúO wjia:d iajlSh ks¾udKfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd fhdod .ekSug
lúhd olajd we;s m%;sNdj ‘jeys j,d l=<Z weiqfrka úuikak'

88 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

12
Ô'î fiakdkdhl uy;d ‘ÈkñK’
mqj;amf;ys ixialdrljrhl=
f,i l,la lghq;= l< w;r
iafjda;aidyfhka oekqu .fõIKh
l< wfhls' 1945 § uq,a u lD;sh
f,i ÿmam;=ka ke;s f,dalh keu;s
flál;d ix.%yh fudyq úiska m<
lrk ,È' 1946 § m<s.ekSu keu;s
flál;d ix.%yhg .oH yd moH w;r
jk rpkd úfYAIhla f,i y÷kajñka
we;=<;a l< ‘ksoyia’ wdlD;shg wh;a
ldjH rpkd lsysmh ksi|eia ldjH
iïm%odfha wdrïNh f,i ie,fla'
wk;=rej ,shd m< l< lD;s w;r
oe,a ljq¿j" ú¢ñ" fijKe,s hk lú
fmd;a o fïOd" pdreuqL" jro;a;"
wjr.sr" r<ì÷u" lelEß,a," u,
mqvqj" c, .e,au" ne÷u" rej" Wr.,"
uOqmdŒ" flf,ia ihqr" tlg tl hk
kjl;d fmd;a o ñ;=ßh" .uk" wE;
ne¨u" kegqu hk flál;d fmd;a o
u,a l=urd" r;ay÷ka rEmh" uyf,daNhd"
yd,aueiaid" ySkh yd wUl;dj hk
<ud fmd;a o fõ' renhshdÜ kï
moH .%ka:h m%:u jrg isxy,hg
mßj¾;kh l< fiakdkdhl kjl;d
l,dj" úpdr m%fõYh ^1945&" ngysr
fYa%IaG kjl;d ^1955&" idys;H
fiai;a ^1957&" idys;H ú.%yh ^1961&"
w¨; f.kd ukd,sh
Ô'î fiakdkdhl ^1913-1985&
idys;H O¾u;dj ^1963&" idys;H
o¾Yk is;=ú,s ^1982& wdÈ idys;H
úpdr .%ka: /ila o rpkd lr we;'
isxy, idys;Hhg wk,am fiajhla
lr we;s fudyqg YS% chj¾Okmqr
úYajúoHd,h u.ska ‘idys;H iQÍ’
iïudkh msßkeñ‚'
tf;la isxy, lúh ;=< jQ idïm%odhsl
wdlD;sh" jia;= úIh" NdIdj yd
w,xldr Ndú;h uq¿ukska u fjkia
u.lg m%fõY l< fudyq w¾:h mokï
lr .;a LKavkhlg wkqj ksoyia
wdlD;shla Tiafia iajlSh lú rpkd
lf<a h' tf;la mej;shd jQ iSudiys;
ldjH jia;= úIh m:h wìnjñka mq¿,a
yd ishqï jQ mqoa., ffp;isl újrKhla
lsÍfuys ,d m%:u jrg fm,UqKq lúhd
f,i Ô' î' fiakdkhl ie,lsh
yels fjhs' ngysr iudÔh iNH;ajh
lrK fldg isxy, iudcfha isÿ jQ
ixlS¾K;ajh jgyd.ksñka ngysr
‘Free verse’ hk ldjH iïm%odfha
fkdu| wdNdih;a mer‚ idys;Hfhka
,o Ôú; mß{dkh;a iïñY%Kh
lrñka lúhg fjkia uqyqKqjrla
,nd ÿka fiakdkdhl kQ;k isxy,
lúh fjkia u.lg m%fõY l<d jQ
wdrïNlhd f,i ie,lsh yels h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 89
 ysi kud .;s wE
isyska r;eÕs,s mg,jd .;s"
i;shlg fmr f.kd jr
ú<snrh uf. rkajka ukd,sh'
oe,a ;sr wiafika
fmfkhs wE
Tn hkq fudn tkq
mg ms<S f.k wnrK fmÜá f.k'
wefihs fkdfmfkk úg;a
id,fhka ldurhg
ldurfhka id,hg
hk md y~
ud fj; t;;a wE
jqjukdjla lsis;a ke;sjo
fkd /f|hs" m,d fhhs'
.E ú,jqfkys"
ke;" rkajka ifuys
fy<k iqiafuys iqj|h ta
wE n| iqj|
oefkkafk ug ú;r o@
fmfkhs wE
wefihs
oefkhs
ug f.a yeu ;ek

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' Ñ;a; rEm ueùug Ô'î' fiakdkdhl lúhd i;= jQ olaI;dj ‘w¨; f.kd
ukd,sh’ meÈ fm< weiqfrka úuikak'
2' isõ mo wdlD;shg keUqrej ;snQ isxy, lúfha wdlD;sh kj u.lg fhduq lsÍug
Ô'î' fiakdkdhlf.a odhl;ajh" w¨; f.kd ukd,sh ks¾udKh weiqfrka
w.h lrkak'
3' by; i|yka ldjH ks¾udKfha jia;= úIh ir,j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

90 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

13 kkao uy f;reka jykafiaf.a jia;=j
oUfo‚ idys;H iuh iïNdjH
isxy, idys;Hfha m%dudKsl
j¾Okhla we;s l< hq.hls' md,s"
ixialD; úhrK ikH fmd;a /ilaa
u ful, ,shù ;sîfuka th ;yjqre
fõ' wkjuo¾Ys ix>rdc udysñ úiska
ffoj{ ldufèkqj" mfrdamldrh
jeks ixialD; fmd;a o ix>rlaIs;
ysñ úiska iqfndaOd,xldrh o" fõfoay
uy ia:úrhka úiska rijdysksh
jeks md,s fmd;a o uhqrmdo
msßfjkam;s nqoaOmq;% ysñ mQcdj,sh
o" m;srdc msßfjkam;s ysñ iso;a
iÕrdj o" fojk merl=ïndjka
lõis¿ñK o rpkd lr we;af;a
fï oUfo‚ iufha § h' O¾ufiak
ysñhkaf.a ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh ful,
rpkd lrkq ,enQ iqúfYaI lD;shls'
ioaOuuÜÀ;s ñÉPkaf;d - Ouufiak msref<ka w,xldr fldg bÈßm;a
h;siaifrd
wdldis mjrx t;x - ioaOuur;akdj,sx
.%ka:djidkfha i|yka fï .d:d
mdGfhka l;=jrhd O¾ufiak ysñ nj
;yjqre lr ;sfí' fï udyeÕs lD;sh
rpkd lsÍug fya;=j .%ka:drïNfha
i|yka fõ¦ wu;rj w¨f;ka tla l< fldgia h'
O¾ufiak ysñ ^oUfoKs wjêh&
“tfia fyhska hï flfkla kqjK
u|j;a l=i,ÉPkaoh we;s j
O¾udNsfhda.hg Wmfoia ,Èka nK
oek mskalï yeisr ksjka iod.ks;a
kï" tfia jQ i;a mqreIhkag jev
i|yd ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh kï jQ
m%nkaOh lrïy”
ioaO¾uh keue;s ue‚la wuqKk
,o ud,h hk wre;ska lD;sh
ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh hkqfjka kï
lr we;' md,s Oïumofha .d:dj,g
nqoaOf>daI ysñ md,sfhka ix.%y l<
l;d jia;=" foaYSh .eñ Ôjk w;aoelSï
yd uqiq lrñka lshùfuka fuka u
Y%jKfhkq;a tl f,i ri ú¢h
yels wdldrhg ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfhys
bÈßm;a fõ' md,s OïumoÜG l:dfõ
we;eï fldgia w;ayßñka o w¨;a
l;d tla lrñka o Wmudfjka yd
lsÍug l;=jrhd iu;a j we;'
ñ,skao rcqf.a l;d mqjf;a tk
kd.fiak l;dj o iq;a; ksmd;
wgqjdj weiqfrka ,shq ldIaGjdyk
l;dj o id;d.sr fyauj; l;dj"
iQúis újrK l;d yd nqÿ isß; o
OïumoÜG l:dfõ i|yka l:dj,g
OïumoÜG l;dfõ tk mo.; úia;r
wdÈh fuys we;=<;a fldg fkd ue;'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 91
 O¾fudamfoaY odkh mrud¾:
lrf.k md,sfhka ;snQ l;d isxy,
ckhdg .e<fmk mßÈ rpkd lrk
,o fï nK l;d fmd; iajdëk
uÕla .;a;ls'
O¾ufiak ysñhkaf.a NdId mßphla"
wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh;a
pß; újrKh;a" Wmud Ndú;h;a
.%ka:fha úfYaI;ajhg fya;= fõ'
l;= ysñhkaf.a nyqY%e; Ndjh;a
.eñ mßirfhka Wlyd.;a udkj
ohdj;a lD;sfhys wka;¾.; iEu
l;djlska u jdf.a ms<sìUq flf¾'
msgq .Kkdjlska úia;r l< hq;=
we;eï lreKq tla Wmudjlska
bÈßm;a lr ;sîu o iqúfYaI fõ'
l;d jia;= 308la yd ux., iQ;% wd§
iQúis újrK l;d we;=¿ l;dkaor
;sia;=kl=;a óg we;=<;aj we;'
;j o wkqYdikd ke;s ùfuka
YdikdNsr;s ke;sj ms<sfj; mud ùfuka
ksjka idOd .; fkd fykakjqkag
Ydikdysr;shg Wmfoia ksid kkao uy
f;reka jykafiaf.a jia;=j lshuq'
fya fl fia o h;a
nqÿyq nqÿj,d ìïir uy rcqf.a whofuka
rc.yd kqjr jev fj¿jk fjfyr jik
fiala msh rÊcqrejkaf.a wdrdOkdfjka
lsUq,aj;a kqjrg jev ksf.%dO kï
wru ie;mS,d fojk ojia isÕd we;=¿
lsUq,aj;a kqjrg jeä fiala ke;la ojiska
ÿgq msh rÊcqrejkag Wmkakla fokakdla
fuka .d:d mufKlska fidajdka lrjd
ñksia f,dj WmÈf;d;a i;a jfrlska
jvd;a fkdfyd;a fo;=ka jfrlska jvd;a
92 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
.eUqre oyï fldgia ri nr
l;dkaorj, ojgd l;d rih o
oyï rih o tl úg ú|.; yels
jk wdldrhg bÈßm;a lr ;sîu
jeo.;a h' tajd lshùfuka o lshjk
úg wid isàfuka o tl f,i ri
ú¢h yels h'
ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha tk ‘kkao’ uy
f;reka jykafiaf.a l;d jia;=fõ
wruqKq ù we;af;a wkqYdikd ke;s
ùfuka Ydikhg wdYd fkdue;s j
ms<sfj;a mudj ksjka ,nd.; fkd
yelaljqkag Ydikh flfrys we,aula
we;s lr.ekSug uÕ fmkajd §u h'
úfgl uqj.g iskdjla kxjk ydiH
rihlska o ;j;a úfgl nqoaêf.dapr
mKaä;udkS njlska o hq;= kkao
jia;=j ljr mqoa.,fhl=g jqj o
hym;a Èúhla i|yd .=re fldg .;
yels l;d jia;=jls'
ke;' tl jfrlska jvd;a kQmokd f,i
fldg ,d wksla .d:dfjlska uyd m%cdm;S
f.da;ó kï l=vd uE‚hkaoEf.ka mQ
;k lsfrys lsß ñ, f.jd,kakdla fuka
WkaoE fidajdka lrjd" mshrÊcqrejka
;k;=frka jvd,kakd fia fio.eñ
lrjd" tu ojia j<|d wka;fhys ìïnd
ìfidjqkaf.a .=Kfhys ;ru ufy!IO
mKaä; wjia:dfjys;a úuid ;=nQ fyhska
jodrkq ksid pkaolsKaKr cd;lh
jodrd" Bg fojk ojia kkao l=urekag
fjdgqkq uÕ=,;a f.jokd uÕ=,;a újdy
uÕ=,;a ;=k tl wjêhg meñ‚ l,ays"
fï uÕ=,a ;=kg jvd ksjka uÕ=, W;=ï
neúka tA Wkag muqKjd ,ó kqjrg isÕd
jev isÕd wka;fhys ksjka w;a m;a jk
f,iska md;% Od;+ka jykafia w;g §,d
wdÈfhka hk .ukg bIag iQpl fldg
ÿka md;%h fyhska md;%h w;g yer fkd
.;a fial'
kkao l=ure o nqÿka jykafia flfrys
f.!rjfhka ‘md;%h yer .; uekj’hs
fkd lshd rc f.ka jvkd .uk
fyhska ys‚ ysi flfrys § yer.kakd
fiale hs is;+y' nqÿyq t;k §;a md;%h
yer fkd.;a fiala ys‚ md uq, § yer
.kakd fiala jke hs is;d hk l,g
t;k §;a yer fkd .kakd r|kq leue;s
j;a wNsm%dhlska u fkdj nqÿka flfrys
f.!rjfhka md;%h yer .; uekj hs
lshd .; fkdyS fu;k§ yer .kakd
fial' fu;k § yer .kakd fiala jke
hs is;d u fkd is;ska .sh;a is;ska u iir
.ukska kj;akd fyhska fh;a u h'
tA fõf,ys kkao l=urejkaf.a okjq
l,K kï jQ l=udrhkag irK ks, jQ
uq,a kE lu ljf¾ jqj;a rc lï fyhska
neoE‚hka <Õg ñksiaiq f.diska nqÿyq
msh rÊcqrejkaf.a ud<s.djg jeä .ufka
uqUoEf.ka fjka fldg kkao l=ureka
jykafia le|jd f.k jvkd fiale hs
lsjq h' t nia wiñka ´ o ysi fidaOñka
isá ;eke;af;da fidaOd fkd ksñ ysi
fla fkd ne|" jyd wjq;a ‘.sh;a iq¿
f.hs" jyd tj’ hs lsjq h' Wka lshd ¨
ni kkao l=ureka is; Èjq,a ,dgq uqiq
jhs;s ;rj jeo .kakd fia ;rfha u
jeo .;' nqÿkq;a md;%h w;ska fkdf.k
fjfyrg f.k f.diska kkao l=ureks"
uyK jjq oeZhs jod< fial'
nqÿka jod< ni uÕ=f,ka fy<d Æ lm
W.=¿jkag neßhd fia W.=¿jd ,kag neß
fyhska ‘uyK fkd fjñ’hs fkd lshd
‘hym; uyK fjñ’ lshd .súiaidy'
tneúka ;=¨ka uyK lrjZhs jykaoEg
Ndr fldg lsUq,aj;a kqjrg jeä ;=ka
jeks ojia kkao l=ureka uyK fldg
i;a jk ojia ìïnd ìfidjqka úis oyila
ry;=ka msßjrd kqjrg isÕd jeä ;uka
jykafia mE ,d ‘fyïnd mq;" ;=¨ka ÿgq o
;=¨ka isÕd weúÈkd muKla uq;a .jq
fo.jq i;r.jq muK uqjúg m<, we;s
fmdf<dj fnd< ú;r Wi we;s ksOdk
ie< i;frla we;' uqka uyK jkag .sh
;eka mgka fkd ol=ïy' f;dm ilaú;s
jk kshdj fo;siauy msßïkS ,l=Kq
keue;s ksñ;a; okakd fo;sia fokl=
lshd isgq;a jia;=;a jqjukd fõ o@ f;ms
;=¨ka lrd f.diska ksOdk mdjd .kqjZhs
ry,a l=ureka iryd hjQ l,ays
l=udrfhda;a odhdo b,ajñka miq miafiys
.uka .;ay' nqÿyq;a fkd kej;+ fial'
leá j hkafkda;a .uka .;ay' nqÿyq;a
fkdkej;+ fial' leá j hkafkda;a
nqÿka yd leá j hk .uk kj;kag
hqla;s ke;s jkakd fkd kej;+y' ry,a
l=ureyq o i| yd leá j kslauqKq kl;a
;rejla fuka kslau fjfyrg .shy'
nqÿyq ‘fï f;fï ika;l jia;=jg ;ud
wdfõ‚lj ysñ fyhska b,ajhs' tA iïm;a
;rug;a tA uq,a jk wd§kj uy;' ud
i¾j{;d {dk kue;s tl Okh § ,d
,;a Ok if;la we;' uQg;a tA Ok i;
u foñZhs is;d jÞrd ießhq;a uyf;reka
jykafia le|jd,d ‘fyïnd Ydßmq;%fhks"
f;, ry,a l=ure wm w;ska jia;= b,aj;s'
uyK jkag tk .ufka wm ,d ,d wd
rlj,a ke;s fyhska uqka b,ajk iïm;a
;=nqjd ke;' yeu;a Okfhla u fõ o@
wmg tA we;s j ;=nQ Ok i; u fok
kshdfhka ;=¨ka uyK lrj’hs úOdk
fldg uyK lerjQ fial' uyK ùfuka
isjqfrkq;a tla jeks jQ fial'
ry,a l=ureka uyK jkakd u iqfodjqka
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 93
 uyrÊcqrejkag fYdal n,j;a úh'
rÊcqrefjda fYdal bjid .; fkdyS
nqÿkag okajkafkda ‘uqU jykafia uyK
jkag kslauqKq ojia we;s fYdalh kkao
l=ur-ry,a l=ur fokakdf.a uqyqKq
olakd fyhska ksúK' kkao l=ureka
uyK jQ fYdalh ;ks ry,a l=ureka
uqyqK olakd fyhska ikayqK' Wka
uyK jQ fYdalh wksla ikays÷jkafkda
ljqre o@ orefmï uqKqnqrefmï we;af;a
ug u;= fkd jkafka fõ o ldg;a iß h'
fï lghq;a; ud ms<sn| fyhska flf<a u
h' Bg lsï o@ fujla mgka uyK jkag
foujqmshka wkqfkdo;a orejka uyK
fkd lrkag úOdkhla we; uekeje’hs
oeka jQ h' nqÿyq;a hym;e hs .súis fial'
tla ojila ;sf,da.=re nqÿka iqfodjqka
rÊcqrejkaf.a rc f.g jev j<|kag
jev yqka fõ,djg iqfodjqka rÊcqrefjda
“iajdñkS" uqU jykafia nqÿ nj idOd
.kag ÿla .kakd iufha .kakd ÿla
n,j;a fyhska tla foj;dfjla ud <Õg
wjq;a uqU jykafia u<e hs hkakla lS h'
uï tA wid ‘umq;Kqfjda l,g msfmk u,a
msmS uq;a fkd kj;akd fia nqÿ jqfjd;a
uq;a fkd ñfh;s’hs lshd foaj;djdf.a
nia ud yoyd .;af;a ke;e”hs lsjq h'
‘uy rc" oeka f;ms nqÿ jk flfkl=kag
uq;a my< fkdjk fo;sia uymsßïkS
,l=Kq oel isá ;eke;af;da" kej;
Wmka ojia my< jQ fo;sila ú;r
fm<yr;a oel flfia yoyjq o@ hg
.sh oji uy oïm,a l=ure j Wmka
l,ays u< kshdj idOkag t¿jkaf.a
weg f.kjq;a mE,d lSj;a ‘wmf.a
l=,fhys Wmkakjqkaf.ka mrudhq f.jd
ñhkakjqka uq;a w;=frl ñhk flfkla
ke;e’hs fkd .súiaid u h’ hs t;ekays
uyoïm,a od jodrd rÊcqrejka wke.eñ
94 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
lrjd" ry;a ùu w;=frl fkd j ñhk
ojia Y%S% hyfkys ie;mS fyj ry;a jk
f,i jQ l,ays nqÿyq uyK .Kd msßjrd
kej; l<ukd nqoaO lD;Hh fkdksñ
fyhska wvqj imhkq ksid" rc.y kqjr
jev wfkams~q uy isgqyq úiska foõrï
fjfyr lrjd ksujd jvkg wdrdOkd
fldg hejQ l,ays iy msßjßka ieje;a
kqjrg jev foõru jik fial'
fufia nqÿka foõrïys jik l,g
wdhqIau;a jQ kkao f;reka jykafia
neoEjka ìfidjqka lshd Æ nia kue;s
jhs;s fmï kue;s Èjq¿ ,d uqiq fldg"
is;a kue;s ì;; we|Æ fyhska" tA n,d
Ydikfhys Wlg,Sj" ‘ud Ydikfhys
we¨ï ke;' isjqre yßñ’hs ys;ñ;%
jykaoEg lS fial' nqÿyq tA mj;a wid
kkao uyf;reka jykafia le|jd,d
‘ienE o kkaofhks" NslaIQkag funkaola
lsjqoeZhs úpdrd jodrd ‘ienj iajdókS’ hs
Wka jykafia lS l,ays ‘kkaofhks" isjqre
yrfKa l=ula ksid oe’hs úpdrd jod<
fial' tfia úpdrd jod< nqÿkag ‘iajdókS"
ud uyKjkag is;ska fkdis;ska tk
.ufka okjql,K ìijq fidaOdmQ ysifla
ys‚ fkd .kakd f;la wjq;a ‘jyd wj
uekeje’hs hk nila lsjQ h' uu ta ni
tla jka i|yka lrkafkï funkaola
is;ñ’hs lS fial'
tl, nqÿyq ;sî n,j;a jk f,vla
fnfyola § ikays÷jk l,la fuka
Tnf.a tn÷ wkqNdjhla ke;;a ;uka
jykafiaf.a wkqNdjfhka w; w,ajd
f.k ;õ;sid foõf,djg jvkd fiala
w;=reu`. kjoe,s fiakla ujd,d tA
fiafka od .sh lKqfjl od jl .eiS
.sh je¢ßuE,a,l ujd,d ;jq;sid
foõ f,djg jev ilafoú÷yqf.a mka
ishhla muK fojÕkka mE,d ‘l=ula o
kkaofhks" reúka jQ l,S fï fojÕfkda
hym;a;= o fkdfyd;a okjq l,K ìijq
hym;a;= oe’hs úpd< fial'
‘iajdókS" l=ula jodrk fiala o fï
fojÕkka ÿgq l,g tA okjql,K ìijq
kï w;=reuÕ kjoe,s fiafka wm ÿgq od
jl .eiS .sh je¢ßuE,a,;a já;a oe’hs
lS fial' tA wid nqÿyq ‘tfia ù kï
kkaofhks" YdikdNsr;sh we;s j is,a
rlaId flf<a kï flf,iqka f.jd .kag
kqjQfjd;a foõf,dj bmo fojÕkka
,nk kshdjg uu wemfhñ’hs jod< fial'
ta wid kkao f;reka jykafia ‘tfia ù
kï fojÕkka ,nk kshdjg fu ;rï
wem;a we;s neúka nUir yeisfrñZ hs lS
fial' fuf,iska iiafkys we¨ï we;s
lrjd yeoys,s ke;s flfkl=ka m%isoaO
ia:dkhg f.k f.dia ;rh lrjd reÑ
foh lrjd .kakd fia is,a rlaId lsÍug
foõf,dj f.k f.diska ;rh lrjd
f.k kkao f;reka jykafia yer f.k
foõf,dj jev Wka jykafiag wem jQ
kshdj fkd yÕjkakg lrkakdla fuka
foõf,dj § w;=reokaj
“fndOfkhHx ckx Èiajd - i;iyiafiys
fhdcfk
LfKk Wm.ka;jdk - fndfO;s ;x
uyduqks”
hkq fyhska weis,a,lska foõru my<
jQ fial' jykaoE fu mj;a wid ‘kkao
f;reka jykafia kï nqÿkaf.a l=vd
uE‚hkaoEf.a mq;a fial' uyKj
lrk ixluq;a f.h lUqrkakd fia
fojÕkka ksid,' ths;a wemhlg fkd
ksis nqÿkaf.ka wem we;sj ,eZhs kkao
f;reka jykafia <Õg f.diska fu yeu
lshd fjfyik fial'
kkao f;reka jykafia o jykaoEf.a
l;dfjka ;rfha u ,Êcd we;sj
fojÕkka flfrys l< wd,h yeÍ"
fmr<s ykag ;=nQ fohla fkd fyk f,i
;kd ;nd .kakd fia fmr<d uyK oug
u is;ai;ka fhduq fldg,d rc isß yer
wjq;a ksjka isß fkd jrokd ksid fkd
mudj jik fial' hï fia f,afkla ;ud
;rï flfkl=ka ;udg i;=rej wd l,
;udf.a kÕ=g l=mamjd,d thska .id,d
my flf¾ o" tfuka <x jQ flf,ia
i;=re flfkla we;a kï i;r iSjgka
kue;s uq.=frka urd m,jñka hï fia
Èú fofkla flf;la jqj;a tl jfrl
jok megjqka uq;a fojk uqrfha fkd jÞ
o" tl uqrfhka u j| fõ o" tmßoafoka
Wmka cd;s úkd Nfjda;am;a;s ke;s ùug
woyia we;sj hï fia Èúfhla ;K le<E
wdÈh hg jeo,d ys| f.dÿre w,ajd .kS o"
tfia u w¾y;a M, kue;s f.dÿre ksid
.ïNSrdrKH rela uq,a" .,amdjq¿" l÷/,s"
.,a.=yd fidfydk wnji hkdÈhg
t<U" hï fia Èúhd f.dÿre w,ajd .;a
l,g jue<efhka yqKq f.dÿre fkd
ld o t mßoafoka tla úis wkafõIK
jYfhka fõjhs’ jd.a ú{ma;s jYfhka
fõjhs" Wmka fohla we;akï úI ñY%hla
mßoafoka yer úoiqka jvd ry;a M,
kue;s fjdgqkq me<£fuka yer wd
rdcdNsfIalhg rdcHdNsfIalhla ,Èka
yer mshd wd f.uÕ=,g ksjka f.uÕ=,a
fldg yer wd újduÕ=,g m,iuj;a
újduÕ=,a fldg" nqÿka ika;l ksjka rg
;uka jykafiag;a ysñ l< fial'
tla foaj;dfjla rd;%s fõf,ys foõru
jik nqÿka lrd f.diska je|,d ‘iajdókS"
uqU jykafiaf.a u,a jQ kkao uyf;reka
jykafiaa ry;a jQ fiale’hs lsjQ h' Tyq
fkdlshk f;la u nqÿyq;a foõf,dj .sh
.ukska u iir .uka ksujd ry;a jQ
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 95
 kshdj úui úuid ys¢kd fiala tfia u
o;a fial' kkao uy f;reka jykafia o
rd;%sh mdka jQ l,ays nqÿka lrd f.diska
je|,d ‘iajdókS" uqU jykafia foõ f,dj
jeä .ufka fojÕkka mka ishhla ud
,nk kshdjg jQ wemfhla we;af;a fõ o"
fu jla mgka fojÕkka ;nd lsisjl;a
udf.a we,aula ke;s fyhska tA wem
ke;e’hs lS fial' nqÿyq tA wid jodrd
‘kkaofhks" f;dm ry;a jQ kshdj wms;a
o;=ïy' foaj;djl=;a wjq;a wmg lsj' t
fia fyhska f;dm lSj;a fkd lSj;a wms
tA wemfhka ñÿKqïy’ hs jodrd ry;aj
fYdaNdj;a jQ uqyqK Bu ;nd fYdaNdu;a
lrjQ fial' jykaoE o f.diska ry;a
kshdj fkdoek ‘l=ula o@ fmr
is;kafka isjqre yrkg fõ o oeka l=ula
oehs úpdrd ‘ud .sysùfuys wd,fhla
ke;e’hs lS l,ays uq .sys ùfuys wd,hla
ke;s kshdj lsh;s' uqka fndre lshk
kshd fõ oe hs nqÿkag t mj;a oeka jQ
fial'
nqÿyq tA wid ‘uyfKks" hï fia fiú,s
fkd oekafuka kmqre fldg fidhdÆ
f.h jeis ke;s úfgl uq;a jeiai
jg úg u f;fï o" t mßoafoka iu:
Ndjkd" úo¾Ykd Ndjkd keue;s
fiú,a, fkd okakd fyhska ;ox.
úuqla;s keue;s tla ;rï fiú,a,lska
fidhdÆ is;a keue;s f.hla flf,ia
keue;s tla ;rï jeiaila jg;a f;ó
uq;a fkd yrfKa h' hï fia fiú,a,
okakjqka hym;a fldg fidhdÆ f.h
tla;rd jeiailska ;nd uy;a jeiailskq;a
fkd f;fï o t mßoafoka oaúm%ldr
Ndjkd keue;s ;r fiú,af,ka fidhd
Æ is;a keue;s f.h iir uy uqyqÿ mqrk
;rï jQ flf,ia u. jeis jg;a fkd
f;fu’hs jod< fial'
96 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
tA wid kkao f;reka jykafiaf.a kq.=K
lshkag .sh jykaoE fidajdka M,dÈhg
meñŒfuka f,djq;=rd .=Kh ,;a fial'
i;H wi;H fkdo;a jykaoE p;=iai;Hh
o;a fial' O¾u iNdfhys o l:dfjla
Wmofka' nqÿjreka jykafia kï b;d
wdYap¾h fial' ckmo l,HdŒka ksid
ksjka iïm;ska msßfykag isá u,Kqjka
jykafiag tla ;rï fohl weúá
we;a;jqkag jeähqre fohla mE,d weúá
l< tla ;rï fofhys weúá yrjkakd
fia okjql,K ìfidjqka flfrys l<
weúáh foõf,djg f.k f.diska
fojÕkka mE,d wrjdÆ fial' fï wksla
ldg ms<sjka oe’hs hk l:dj h'
nqÿyq;a jykaoE lrk lrk l;dj
Èjlkska wid jodrd" ‘NslaIQyq kkaohka
Ydikfhys we¨ï lrjd .;a kshdj
wrNhd l;dj flfr;s' uu t f;kg
.sfhï kï ‘fyïnd uyfKks" tA oeka
u;= fkdjkafka fõ o hg.sh oji;a
f;, f,i u Wkag we;s jQ weúáhla
yerùñ lshd,d tA yÕjkag cd;l
l;djla f.k yer olajñ' udf.a fï
cd;l foaYkdj miajd oyi uq¿,af,ys
fndfyda fokdg fndfyda m%fhdack idOd
fokafka h’hs is;d jodrd O¾u iNdjg
jev iqúkS;j iqYslaIs;j jevyqka m¾Io
n,dmshd ‘rka kejla uOH fldg msmS
jekS .sh r;a fk¨ï jkhla fia fï
NslaIq m¾Io b;d fydì;s' uu m<uq
fldg l;djg wdrïNhla flf<ï kï
ñka fmrd;= fldg nila neK kef.k
flfkla ke;' uï u m<uq fldg l:dj
Wmojñ hs is;d ‘uyfKks" ud tkakdg
fmrd;= fldg flfia jQ l:djla fldg
fldg yqKq oe’hs úpdrd jodrd fï l;dj
kshdj oekajQ l,ays ‘uyfKks" tA oeka
u;= fkdfj’hs jodrd NslaIQka jykafia
úiska wdrdê; jQ ;sf,da.=re nqÿrcdKka
jykafia Niau m%ÉPkak cd; fõohla
fia Njfhka ieÕù ;=nQ bl=;a j;a l:dj
olajk fiala
“uyfKks" hg.sh oji nrKeia kqjr
nUo;a kï rcl= rc lrk l,ays tu
nrKeia kqjr lmamg kï fj<|dK
flfkla jQy' Wkaf.a tla fldg¿fjla
oiduqKla ú;r nr Wiq,hs' ojilg
tf;la nr Wiq,df.k wgúis .õjla
ú;r fhhs' tla iufhl tA fj<|dfKda
fldg¿jka Wiq,kakdjQ .e,aj,ska nvq
f.kajdf.k ;lai,d kqjr f.diska
f.k .sh nvq úlm;a jk f;la
fldg¿jdKka ;K m;a lkag y<jq h'
blaì;af;ka tA fldg¿jdfKda o w.<
msg ld weúÈkd f;ke;af;da tla fldg¿
fokl oel wE <Õg .shy' Ths;a Wka
yd idoidóÑ l:d lrkakS zfldhs isg
wjqoe’hs úpdrd nrKeia kqjr isg hhs lS
l,ays zl=ula ksid fuf;la l;r wjqoe’
hs úpd<Sh'
‘fj<|dï msg wdñ’ lS l,ays ‘Wiq,kafka
flf;la nr oe’hs úpd<Sh' ‘oiuqKla
ú;r nr Wiq,ñ’ lS l,ays ‘fuf;la
nr Wiq,df.k oji flf;la ;eka
hjq oe’hs úpd<Sh' ‘wg úis .õjla ú;r
fhñ’ lS l,ays ‘tA jkakd fuf;la ;eka
ksluq;a fkdj nr Wiq,df.k hj' .sh
;ek .uka weúÈk mh ñßlk flfkla
weoao" keoaoe’ hs Bg msg,d wksla ú;drk
fohla úpd<Sh' ‘ke;e’hs lS l,ays
;sßika jqj;a ia;%S l,g ia;%S udhfuys
wvqjla ke;s fyhska ;ud flfrys we¨ï
lrjd .kakd ms‚i ;sßikqkag md
ueéu ke;e;a ‘t ú;rl=;a ke;akï
ÿla kshd fõ oe’hs ;ud Wkag iïN
jqfjd;a bka uqÜgqjla ke;s f,ig
Wkag yÕjd lS h' fldg¿jdfKda ienE
nilehs is;d t nfiys u t,S .;ay'
fj<|dfKda o f.kd nvq úlm;a fldg
f.k fldg¿jd <Õg wjq;a ‘f.kd nvq
úlm;a fldg .;=ïy’ hs lsjQ h' zuqU oeka
.sh uekj' uu r|ñ’hs fldg¿jdfKda
lsjQh' kej; kej; fm/;a; lSj;a
fldg¿jdfKda hkag ue<s jQ u h' tA
wkslla ksid fkd fjhs' fldg¿ fokf.a
nia kue;s uf,ys ne£ h' fj<|dfKda o
f;dm ue<s u neúka (-
‘mf;dokaf;lßiaidñ - fid<ix.=,lKaglx
i[aý‡siaidñ f; ldhx - tjx cdkdys .øy’
hkq fyhska ‘leúá yq, u fid<iÕ=,la
muK jQ leúgla lrjd,d lejqgqjï
fldg;a f.k fhó’ lS l,ays ‘tfia
lf<d;a fmr md fol ;rfha ìu Tnd
f.k" miaid mhska wf`vka .id o;a
j.=rejd mshóZ lSy' fj<|dfKda tA wid
zuqka fuf;la lf,l fufia jQ nila
lS úrE ke;' ldrKd lsï foda fydaZ hs
wE; uE; n,d fldg¿ fok oel zuE
ksidh fu f,ig lrjd .;af;a hZhs
is;d wg ;eklska jlaj ;=nQ ue‚flys
,Kqj wjqKd ,kag ksis kqjK we;s jk
uyd mqreIhdK flkl=ka fyhska zf;ms
r|kag fkdis;j' Tn .sh l,"
zp;=mamÈx ixLuqÅx - kdßx iínx.fidNsksx"
Nßhx f; wdkhsiaidñ - tjx cdkdys .øy"
hkq fyhska zilla yd iudk fid|
uqyqKla we;s ;udf.a cd;shg b;d
rEm;a jQ fldg¿ fokl f.kjq;a mdjd
foñZhs lSy' t nia wid n,j;a fia
i;=gq j f.diska n, n,d isá fldg¿
fok flfrys wd,h ke;s j" niska weiQ
fldg¿ fok flfrys wd,h n,j;aj
ztfia ù kï mgjdÆ nr;a yer f.k
fuf;la l,a hk wgúis .õjg wfkla
wgúis .õjl=;a msg,d ,d i mKia
.õjla fhóZ lsjQ h'
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 97
 fj<|dfKda o hym;eZ hs .súi le|jd iqmamdrl cd;lfhys lrkjEñhdg od
f.k ish ;ekg f.diska lSm ojilska rÊcqrejka ljr ;rï oialula oel;a wg
fldg¿jdKka fldg¿ fokf.a iajrEm uiaila u fokakd fia f;dm flf;la
i|yka lrjQ l,ays zwdÈ tfia lshd ,d fokd jqj;a f;dm muKlg foñZhs lsjQh'
fkdf.fkkafka ke;' f.kjq;a mdjd tA wid fldg¿jdfKda fldg¿ fokqkag
foñ' n, tflla we;' Wka we;;a jegqma l< wd,h jegqmg fldf<da h' nqÿyq fï
úhoï f;dm muKlg foñ' Wka ug lrk cd;l foaYkdj ksujQ fial'
fufyhla ke;s fyhsk' tfia ÿka foh
f;dm fokakdg we;s fjhs" u| fjhs' uu t fyhska kqjKe;a;jqka úiska flf,iaa
tA fkd oksñ' W! miqj f;dmg fndfyda úiska mj;akd wl=i,ska ÿrej Ndjkd
orejkq;a jo;s' orejka jqj;a wUqjka jqj;a l=i,a msysgd ;ox.d§ jYfhka is;a i;ka
Wka fndfyda jqjhs wmf.ka /flkakka msßisÿ lghq;='
fndfyda fyhska jegqma fndfyda fkd
flfrñ' iEfya kuq;a u| fõ kuq;a
wre;a meyeÈ,s lsÍu
YdikdNsr;s - nqÿ iiqk ms<sn| we,au
ms<sfj; mud ùfuka - m%;sm;a;s msÍug m%udo ùu ksid
nqÿ j ,d - nqoaO;ajhg meñK
whofuka - wdhdpkd lsÍfuka
ke;la ojiska - fndfyda ojilska
Wmkakla fokakdla fuka - ;ukag ,enqKq hula fokakdla fuka
i;ajfrlska jvd;a - Wmßu jYfhka jdr y;la
fo;=ka jfrlska jvd;a ke; - jdr fol ;=klg jvd ke;
jvd ,kakd fia - Wiia lrkakdla fuka
fio .eñ lrjd - ilDod.dó ;;a;ajhg m;a fldg
wdÈfhka hk .ukg - uq,ska u hk wjia:djg
bIag iQpl fldg - hym;a fohla wÕjd
ys‚ ysi - mäfm< uqÿfkys
r|kq leu;s j;a - kej;Sug leu;s jQj;a
wNsm%dhlska - n,dfmdfrd;a;=jlska
is;ska u iir .ukska kj;akd - is; lrK fldg f.k iir .uk kj;sk
fyhska neúka
irK ks, jQ - újdyhg kshñ; jQ
neoE‚hka - {d;s ifydaoßh$újdy ùug kshñ; ldka;dj
uqU oEf.ka - Tn;=ñhf.ka

98 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

iq¿f.hs - {d;s ifydaorhd$újdy ùug kshñ; mqoa.,hd
jhs;s - Ñ;%hla we| th È.=l,a meje;au i|yd u;= msáka
;jrk wdf,amh
uyK jjq oehs - meúÈ jkafkys oehs
uÕ=f,ka fy<d Æ lm - ux., kel;lska isgq jk ,o lKqj
;=¨ka - fï ;eke;a;d
mE,d - fmkajd
uqj úg m<, - lsishï jgl=re Ndckhl uqÿfka úIalïNh
fmdf<dj fnd< ú;r Wi we;s - fmdf<dfõ >k;ajfha ;rug Wi ;sfnk
ie< i;frla - ye<s y;rla
fo;sia uy msßïkS ,l=Kq - uyd mqreIhl=g wh;a jk mqreI ,laIK ;sia fol
fo;sia uyd msßïkS ,l=Kq keue;s - fo;sia uyd mqreI ,laIK hkqfjka ksñ;s ;sia
ksñ;a; okakd fo;sia fofkl= folla lshd we;;a jia;=jla jqjukd fõ o@
lshd isgq;a jia;+;a jqjukd fõo
wdfõ‚lj ysñ fyhska - mrïmrd.;j whs;s ksid
jd.a ú{ma;s - jpkj,ska lrk ,o b,a,Sula
úoiqka jvd - úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ÈhqKq fldg
yer wd rdcdNsfIalhg - w;a yer oud meñ‚ rclu fjkqjg
rdcHdNsfIalhla ,Èka - rdcH .Kkdjlg u rc moúhla ,eîu ksid
f.uÕ=,g - .Dy ux.,Hh$f.g f.j§u fjkqjg
ksjka f.uÕ=,a - ks¾jdKh keue;s .Dyhg we;=¿ ùfï ux.,
W;aijh
újd uÕ=,g - újdy ux.,Hh fjkqjg
m, iuj;a újd uÕ=,a - M, iudm;a;sh keue;s újdy ux.,Hh
Bu ;nd - tys u ;nd
isjqre yrkg - isjqre yer hEug
fiú,s fkd oekafuka - w;= fiú,s fkd lsÍu ksid
kmqre fldg - jerÈ f,i
fidhd Æ f.h - w;= fiú,s l< ksji
jg úg u - jeis jegqKq wjia:dfjys u
fiú,a, - fiú,s lsÍu$jid oeóu
;ox. úuqla;s - ta wjia:djg muKla flf,iaj,ska w;añ§u
tla ;rï fiú,a,lska - tla wdldrhl fiú,s lsÍulska
fidhd Æ - w;= fiú,s l<
tla ;rï jeiaila jg;a - tla wdldrhl jeiaila jegqK;a
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 99
 f;ó jq;a fkd yrfka h - f;ó ñi w;a yeÍula fkd fõ
^taldka;fhka u f;fuhs hk woyihs&
oaúm%ldr - fohdldr
;r fiú,af,ka fidhd Æ - ksjerÈ f,i w;= fiú,s l<
tla ;rï fohl weúá we;a;jqkag - tla fohla ,nd .ekSug leue;a; m< l< whg
jeä hqre fohla mE,d - Bg jvd jeä m%;sM,hla ,efnk fohla fmkajd
weúá l< tla ;rï fofhys - leue;a; oelajQ jia;=j ms<sn|
weúá - leue;a;$wdYdj
yrjkakd fia - bj;a lrkakdla fuka
mia jd oyil - wjqreÿ mka oyila
iqYslaIs; - ukd f,i yslaujk ,o
m¾Io - msßi
Niau m%ÉPkak cd;fõohla - w¿j,ska jeiS .sh .sks mqmqrla
úlm;a - úlsŒ wjika
fuf;la l;r - ldka;drfha fuf;la ÿr
ta jkakd - th tfia fõjdæ
ú;drk fohla - úuik hula
uqÜgqjla - wvqmdvqjla$jrola
uf,ys - u,mq`vqfjys$W.=f,ys
leúá yqq, - fldagq rdYsh
fidf<diÕ=,la - wÕ,a oyihla
leúgla - yrl=ka olald f.k hEu i|yd fhdod .efkk
flúgla
lejqgqjï - flúfgka wekSu
illa - yla f.ähla
wdÈ - uq, §$uq,ska
;ox.dÈ jYfhka - ta wjia:djg muKla hgm;a ùï jYfhka
uiaila - rka l,|la nr ldishla

100 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 ,sÅ; wNHdi

1' —hï fia fiú,a, okakjqka hym;a fldg fidhd ¨ f.h tla;rd jeiailska ;nd
uy;a jeiailskq;a fkd f;fï˜ hkak kkao ysñf.a pß;h weiqfrka úuikak'
2' zlmamgZ fjf<kaodf.a Wmdh {dkh ms<sn| úuiSula lrkak'
3' ioaO¾ur;akdj,sfha iqúfYaI ,ËKh jQfha rij;a l;dkaorhl .eUqre oyï
wka;¾.; lr ;sîu hs' kkao jia;=j weiqfrka úuikak'
4' m%ia;=;hg WÑ; f,i Wmud Ndú;hg O¾ufiak ysñ oelajQ l=i,;dj Wmud
myla weiqfrka úuikak'
5' O¾ufiak ysñ l;d mqj; rij;aj bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd wjia:d ksrEmKhka
flf;la ÿrg id¾:l j fhdodf.k we;s o hkak kkao jia;=fõ wjia:d ;=kla
fhdod .ksñka myokak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 101

 14 je,mSu
weka;ka mjqf,dúÉ fpflda*a ^1860-1904&
weka;ka mjqf,dúÉ fpflda*a" 1860
ckjdrs 17 jeksod ol=Kq reishdfõ
;ka.afrda.ays Wmkafka h' Tyqf.a mshd
l=vd fj<|i,a ysñfhla úh' mqxÑ
weka;kag Ôj;a jkakg isÿ jQfha" oeä
úkhlg hg;aj h' Èkm;d hd{d .S;
lshjkakg;a" m,a,s hkakg;a Tyqg
isÿ úh' jhi wjqreÿ mfya § Tyq ;u
mshdf.ka o~qjï ,eî h' Tyqf.a <ud
úh lsisfia;a u iqkaor jQfha ke;'
;udg <ud ld,hla fkd;snqfKa hehs
fï uyd f,aLlhd miq lf,l lshd
isáfha" ta ksid úh yels h'
fpflda*af.a jhi wjqreÿ myf<dj
muK jk úg" mshd nxfldf,d;aj kdgH rpkd l<d muKla fkd fõ'
isáfha h' Tjqyq fudialõ kqjrg ta kdgH fõÈldj i|yd ksIamdokh
meñK ÿIalr Ôú;hla wdrïN l<y' o lf<a h' fpßj;a;" ifydaoßhka
fudialõ úYajúoHd,hg we;=¿ jQ ;sfokd" jkahd udud" uqyqÿ ,sys‚hd
weka;ka fpflda*a" ffjoH úoHdj hk kdgH y;r fpflda*af.a mßK;
yodrkakg jkafka h' Ôjfkdamdh idys;H ks¾udK w;r fjhs'
i|yd fyf;u fudialõ kqjr
m;a;rj,g ydiHckl l;d ,shkakg reishdkq isrlrejka .ek jd¾;djla
mgka.;af;a h' weka;ka fpflda*af.a ,shkq i|yd Tyq wE; fmrÈ. iL,ska
f,aLk l,dj wdrïN jQfha ta ¥m;g meñ‚fha h' th b;d ÿIalr
wdldrhg h' pdßldjla jQ w;r" f,aLlhdf.a Ôjk
oDIaáh flfrys o uy;a fia n,mE
f,dal idys;Hfha uyd flál;dlre w;aoelSula o úh'
jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels fpflda*a
;=ka wjqreoao" yfha jdÜgqj jeks fuu úiauh t,jk ;SrKhg fya;=
flá kjl;d o ,shqfõ h' tfy;a ljf¾oehs myoñka" fpflda*a ish
Tyqf.a §¾> ks¾udK w;r" jvd;a ñ;%hl=g fufia ,shd heù h'
m%Yia; jkafka kdgH rpkd h' Tyq “ffjoHjrhl= jk uf.a kS;Hkql+,
ìß| ffjoH úoHdjhs' weh w;yer uu

102 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

idys;Hh kue;s wkshï ìß|g fmï
nekafoñ' idys;Hh iuÕ Ôj;a jQ ug"
ud w;yer oud meñ‚ ffjoH úoHdj
kue;s ìß|g f.jk jkaÈhla yeáhg"
iL,ska ¥m;g f.dia úoHd;aul
ksnkaOhla ,shkakg uu ;SrKh
lf<ñ'”
1890 wfma%,a udifha § iL,ska ¥m;g
f.dia wdmiq hoa§ Tyq ,xldjg o
meñ‚fha h' ta" 1890 fkdjeïn¾ 12
jeksod h' ‘Ydka; mSg¾ian¾.a’ kue;s
fk!ldj fld<U jrdfha kex.=rï
,d ;snqK ld,h w;r;=r § Tyq
mer‚ Ô'´'tÉ' fydag,fha fyj;a
j¾;udk ‘;efm%dfíka’ fydag,fha
,e.=ï.;a nj oeka b;sydi.; h'
fï .ufka § f,aLlhd uykqjrg o
.sfha h' Tyq foysj, i;a;=j;af;a §
uq.áhka fofokl= ñ,g .;af;a h'
iL,ska isg wdmiq hoa§ ,xldjg meñKs
fï .uk .ek i|yka lrñka miq
lf,l § weka;ka fpflda*a fufia
,shd ;eî h'
“uu wmdh;a" ÈjH f,dalh;a fol u
oelald'”
fpflda*af.a .=fima kue;s úYsIag
flál;dj ,shjqfKa fï ixpdrfhka
miqjh' tys wdfõYh jQfha" u< isrere
folla kefõ isg uqyqog úis lsÍu h'
Tyqf.a Ôú;fha wjidk Nd.h
f.jqfKa" fg,sfldaõ m<df;a msysá
wlalr 775la úYd, jQ j;af;a h'
l=pqlafldahs kue;s mqxÑ .ïudkfha
msysá ta j;af;a f.dú;eka lrñka o"
f,vqkag m%;sldr lrñka o" Tyq .;
flf<a b;d ikaiqka Èúhls'
tl,ays tys meñ‚ ulaisï f.da¾ls"
fpflda*a .ek wmQre iau¾K igykla
,shd ;eî h' fofokd w;r isÿ jqKq
l;dnfya § fpflda*af.a jeä wjOdkh
fhduq jqfKa tiufhys lgql Ôú;hla
.; l< reishdkq .=re mrmqr flfrys
h' Tyq f.da¾lsg mejiQ jokaj,ska
ì|la fufia h'
“ug we;s ;rï i,a,s ;sfhkj kï"
uu .ïno Ôj;ajk frda.S .=rejrekag
fi!LH ksfla;khla yo, fokj'
Tõ" f,dl= f.dvke.s,a,la - we;s moï
wdf,dalh ;sfhk - Tn okakjfka -
f,dl= cfk,a ;sh," iS,su Wig .y,"
f,dl= ukaÈrhla yokj' uu tafl
w,xldr mqia;ld,hla yokj' yeu
j¾.fh u ix.S; NdKav f.akj' t<j¿
j;a;l=hs" m,;=re Whkl=hs yokj'
ta jdf. u óueis fmÜá;a f.ke,a,
;shkj' fï ukaÈrfh lDIs úoHdj"
ld,.=K úoHdj jdf. foaj,a .ek
foaYk mj;ajkav i,iajkj' .=rejre
yeufohla u oekf.k bkav ´kE'
Tõ" f,dl= Wkakeye" yeu fohla u'''”
“reishdfj .ïno m<d;aj,g fyd|
olaI W.;a .=rejre fudk ;rï
wjYH o lsh, Tn okakj o@ fï
reishdfj" .=rejreka i|yd wms b;d
fyd| ;;a;ajhla f.dvk., fokav
´kE' tal blaukg u lrkav ´kE'
ck;djg" yeu me;af;ka u msreKq
i¾j iïmQ¾K wOHdmkhla ,enqfK
ke;akï tfyu" rdcHh ì| jefgkj'
yßhg" oUq .,aj,ska yodmq f.hla ì|
jefgkj jdf.'''”
weka;ka fpflda*a T,a.d kSm¾ kue;s
ks<sh yd újdy jk úg" Tyqf.a jhi
wjqreÿ y;<syla úh' laIh frda.fhka
fm¿Kq fï f,aLlhdf.a uyd idys;H
Ôú;h wjqreÿ 44la ;rï flá l,l §
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 103
 fl<jr ùu f,dal idys;H
b;sydifha b;d u ÿlaÅ; isoaêhla
úh'
1904 cQ,s 02 jeksod Tyq wjika yqiau
fy<S h'
weka;ka fpflda*a úiska ,shk ,o
flál;d ixLHdj o wk,am h' Tyqf.a
uq,ald,Sk flál;dj,g ksñ;s ù
we;af;a ydfiHda;amdol ir, isoaëka
h' tjka ir, ieye,a¨ flál;d
ud,djla Tyq úiska ,shk ,oafoa" toji
reishdfõ m< jQ mqj;am;a iy jdr
m%ldYk Wfoid h'
tfy;a Tyqf.a miqld,Sk flál;d
jvd;a .eUqre udkqIsl f;audjka
úIh fldgf.k we;s neõ" wújdÈ;
lreKls' ks¾ÈIag j we;s “je,mSu”
kue;s flál;dj o tjka .eUqre
f;audjla úIhh lr.;a ks¾udKhls'
fuu wmQre flál;dj" bx.%Sis
mßj¾;kh wdY%fhka isxy,g k`.k
,oafoa" iqm%lg isxy, f,aLlhl=
jk wurodi ùrisxy uy;d úisks'
Tyq úiska isxy,g k`.k ,ÿj"
“ld;Hd” hk mkays| kdufhka" tlS
we¢ß hduhhs' fkdfnda fõ,djlg
fmr ùÈfha oe,ajqKq myka isidrd >k
ysuleg jefgñka f.j,aj, mshis;a"
wYajhskaf.a msgj¨;a" ñksiqkaf.a Wrysia
yd ysiajeiquq;a jidf.k ;=kS ;Ügqjlaj
mj;shs' ;ks iqÿ meyeh f.k isá bfhdakd
fmdgfmd*a kï ßhlre wj;drhla
fuka fmfkhs' Tyq isrer yels<Sug
mq¿jka ;rï folg keó wdikfha
ksYap, j b|f.k isáhs' Tyq bkafka
ysu lkaola ;ud fj; lvd jegqK;a bka
.e,ùug Wjukdjla ke;a;l= f,isks'
tfia u ;ks iqÿ meye;s Tyqf.a wYajhd o
104 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
flál;dj uq,ska u m< jkafka 1954
cQ,s - iema;eïn¾ ixialD;s ff;%udisl
l,dmfhys h'
weka;ka fpflda*a ish ks¾udKh
i|yd úIhh lr.kafka" toji
reishdfõ Ôj;a jQ bfhdakd fmdgfmd*a
kue;s wirK wYaj lr;a;ldrfhls'
Ôúldj i|yd wia ßh mojkag isÿ ù
we;s kuqÿ" fuu l;dj lshk wjia:dj
jk úg" bfhdakdf.a mq;d ikaksmd;
WfKka ñh f.disks' ;udf.a wia ßhg
f.dv jk yeu u.shl=g u" ta i;sfha §
;u mq;= u< mqj; lshkag Tyq W;aidy
l< o" lsisjl=;a Tyqg ijka fokafka
ke;' wka;sfï § wiaßhlreg l=Iaud
bfhdaksÉ kue;s ish mq;= u< mqj;
lshkag isÿ jkafka ;udf.a u wYajhdg
h'
b;d iSrefjka f;dard.kakd ,o isoaëka
lsysmhla u.ska wkjYH úia;rj,ska o
f;dr j weka;ka fpfldaõ" bfhdakd
kue;s wirK wiaßhlref.a pß;h
ksu jk whqre úuid ne,Sfuka"
fyd| flál;djl ,laIK
ljf¾oe hs y÷kd.ekSug mdGlhdg
wjia:dj ie,fikq we;'
fkdfi,afjhs' Wf.a ksfid,auka .;sh;a"
flÜgq isrer;a" o<o~q Èla ll=¨;a ksid
W! ;Uhlg jvd jákdlula ke;s
mdkamsá wYajhl=f.a wdldrh Wiq,hs' W!
nr is;sú,a,lska miqjk njg ielhla
ke;' md¿ fmfoil msysá l=Uqrl iS iEu
Wfoid k.=,l fhdojd isá tll= bka
uqod" l,n,fhka tA fï w; yeisfrk
ñksiqkaf.ka yd f;drf;dakaÑhla ke;sj
kefÕk Yíofhka hq;a fï ìh Wmojk
t<sh iys; ysu j.=rg oelal=fjd;a W!g
fuf,i is;sú,a,lg fkd jeà isàu
ÿIalr fjhs'
bfhdakd;a Tyqf.a l=vd wYajhd;a fndfyda
fj,djlska t;kska fi,jqfKa ke;'
Tjqka ßh kej;=ï fmd<ska msg;ajQfha
iekaoEfõ h' tf;la fuf;la Tjqkag
tl u l=,shl=ÿ fkd ,eìK' ieoE óÿu
k.rh fj; .,d hñka nenf<ñka
mej;s myka t<sh iqÿue,s lrhs' ùÈfha
f>daIdj o wêl fjhs' “úfnda¾.a mdrg
hkakg lr;a;hla”"hs bfhdakdg
yÈiaisfhka wefihs' “´hs lr;af;a”
bfhdakd ;s.eiafihs' f,dl= lndhla
weÕ ,df.k" ysia jeiaula me<| isá
hqoaO ks,Odßhl= Tyqg ysfuka jeiqKq
weys msydgq w;ßka fmfkhs' “úfnda¾.a
mdrg"” hs ks,Odßhd kej;;a lshhs'
“tAhs" WU ksÈ o@ úfnda¾.a mdrg huka”
bfhdakd leue;a; yeÕùug ysi
fid,jd" f;dakamg w;g .;af;ka
wYajhdf.a fn,af,ka yd msfgka ysu
;Ügq .e,ù jefgkag fjhs' ks,Odßhd
ysu lr;a;fhys b|.kshs¦ ßheÿrd “c#”
lshd fldll= fuka f., Èla fldg"
o<o~q ll=,a kjd" wúksYaÑ;j .uka
lrkakg fuka ierfihs'
.uk msg;a jQjd;a iu. u" “fldfya o
hflda hkafka@ hkqfjka w÷frka keÕ=Kq
lE .eiSula bfhdakdg wefihs'
“fldfyao hflda hkafka@ o-l=-K-g
WU olalkak okafk kE' ol=fKka
m,hka"˜ hs ks,Odßhd fldamfhka lE
.ihs' jdykhla ;=<ska ßhlrefjla
Tyqg Ydm lrhs' mdr yryd .uka l<
u.sfhla" ;udf.a Wrysi wYajhdf.a
kdifhys yemqfKka wYajhd fj; úhre
ne,aula fy,d lñi wf;ys jQ ysu
msioud .kshs' bfhdakd lä lEjdla fuka
wdikfhys ta fï w; weUfrhs' ;j o
Tyq wdikfhka fkd jeà isákakg ;e;a
lrkakdla fuka je,ñg fid,jhs' ;ud
tys l=ula ksid isákafka oehs f;areï
.ekSug fkdyels jQjl= fuka o wkaÿka
l=kaÿka ù yqiau ysr jQjl= fuka o Tyq
uqj whdf.k n,d isáhs'
“Wka Tlafldau keyeÈÉp ;laläæ” hs
ks,Odßhd úys¿ lrhs' —ug fmakafka
Wka l;dfj,d Wfò lr;af;a
yefmkjd" ke;akï wYajhd bÈßfha ìu
fmrf<kakg yokjd jf.hs'”
bfhdakd ks,Odßhd foig yeÍ f;d,a
u;=rhs' Tyqg lsisjla lSug Wjukd nj
meyeÈ,s lreKls' tfy;a Tyqg msg l<
yels jQfha iqiqula mu‚'
“fudkjd@”hs ks,Odßhd wihs'
bfhdakd úß;a;ñka iskdiS" wudrefjka
r¿ y~lska l;d lrhs' “uf.a mq;d fï
iqudfka uereKd”
“yaïæ fudkjd fj,d o uerefKa@”
bfhdakd ks,Odßhd foig uq¿ukska u
yeÍ l:d lrhs'
“wfka ljqo okafka iuyre lshkafka
ikaksmd; WfKhs lsh,d ojia ;=kla
biamsß;df,a ysáhd''' tA;a uereKd' wfma
lrefu ;uhs'”
“n,df.k m,hka hflda"” hs w÷frka
y~ kef.hs'“WU ueß, o fnd,"
kdlsfhda@ mdr n,df.k m,hka'”
“huq huq”" hs ks,Odßhd lshhs' “fufyu
.sfhd;a wmg fygj;a hkak fjkafka
keye' álla blauka lrmka'”
ßhlre kej;;a f., Èla fldg" fl<ska
ù b|.ksñka" fkdleue;af;ka fuka
li f,,jhs' Tyq lSmjrla u ks,Odßhd
foi yeÍ n,hs' tfy;a weia mshdf.k
isá ks,Odßhd ;=< l:djg weyqïlka
§ug leue;a;la fkd ;sìK' úfnda¾.
ays § ks,Odßhd ßfhka niajd" ;enEreu
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 105
 wi, ßh kj;ajd" Tyq ;udf.a wdikfha
WKaä ù" kej;;a fkd fi,aù isáhs'
mehla''' folla''' .; fjhs' wämdr
Tiafia ;reKhka ;sfofkla rKavq
fjñka ysu im;a;= “l%Sia” hkqfjka
woaodf.k t;s' Tjqkaf.ka fofofkla
Wihs" ySkaoEßhs" wfkld ñáhs" l=ÿhs'
“tAhs" lr;af;a" fmd,sia md,ugæ” hs
f.dfrdaiq y~lska l=od lE .ihs'
“wms ;=kafokdg u .%sfjksla folla
fokakïæ” bfhdakd f;dakamg f.k ;¨
urhs' .%sfjksla fol .ukg fkdiEfya'
tfy;a rEn,hla jqj;a fldfmla myla
jqj;a Tyqg kï fjkila ke;' Tyqf.a
ßfhka lsisjl= hkag leu;s kï
±ka Tyqg fldal;a tlhs' ;reKfhda
yremnia lshñka" tlsfkldf.a wefÕa
yefmñka ysu lr;a;h fj; f.dia
;sfokd u tla jr wdikfha b|.kag
;e;a lr;s' wk;=rej" ljrl= b|.; hq;=
o" ljrl= keÕsg isáh hq;= oehs újdohla
mek k.S' Tjqka tlsfkld fndfyda
fõ,djla wvonr lr .ekSfuka yd nek
.ekSfuka miq wka;sfï § l=Þ ñá neúka
ke.sg isáh hq;= nj;a wfkla fofokd
b|.; hq;= nj;a ;SrKh fjhs'
“oeka b;ska blauka lrmka"” hs l=od
ßhlre wi, isg .ksñka Tyqf.a fn,a,
foig iqiqï fy<d" kyfhka fld÷rhs'
“kdls rd<" Wfò f;dmamsfha yeá uq`M
mSg¾ian¾.a kqjr u kE TÉpr ln,a
f;dmamshla fydhd .kak''æ
“bys'''bys'''bys'''˜hs bfhdakd úß;a;hs'
fufyu'''”
“Wfò ‘fufyu’ l;dj kj;a;,d
blauka lrmka' WU .uk tfyumsáka u
hkafka fï úÈhg o@ wE ñksfyda @'''''WUg
fudl=;a ´kE fj,d o@”
“uf.a T¿j mef,kag yokjdæ” ySkaoEß
106 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
;reKhkaf.ka tflla lshhs' “Bfha
? fvdkala fudfid*ama,hs f.or §"
jiald;a ud;a í/kaä fnda;,a y;rla u
ysia l<d'”
“ug f;afrkafka kE WU fï ;rï
fudkjg ìkak .ykj o lsh,d'” hs
wfkla ySkaoEß tld ;rfyka lshhs'
“WU ;sßifkla jdf.a fndre lshkjd'”
“foúhka m,a,d" uu lshkafka we;a;'”
“tAl hi we;a;' bífnla mshEUqjd
jf.hs”
“bys" bys"˜ hs bfhdakd úß;a;hs' “fufyu
fi,a,laldr uy;a;=re'”
“Yma"lg jyf.k bkak neß o@” l=Þæ
flaka;sfhka wihs'
“lrÉpf,a" blaukg hkj o keoao@
Tfydu o ñksfyd olalkafk @ Th
lih álla mdúÉÑ lrmka' huka hflda"
huka" ´lg fyd| yeá §mka'”
msámiska isá l=od weUfrk ieá;a"
l:d lrk úg lg fjõ,k ieá;a"
bfhdakdg oefkhs' Tyq ;ud fj; t,a,
lrk ,o wmydij,g weyqïlka fohs'
ñksiqka olshs' álska ál Tyqf.a yqol,d
.;sh my ù hhs' l=od fkdkj;ajd u l<
wj,doh kej;=fKa È. Ydmhla lrkag
f.dia th mg,jd .ekSfuka fydA lyskag
f.dia yqiau ysrùfuka fyda mu‚'
ySkaoEß ;reKhska fofokd lsishï
kfÊvd fmfg%dõkd kï ;re‚hl
.ek l:d lrkag fj;s' bfhdakd Tjqka
foi lSm úgla u yeÍ n,hs' Tyq Tjqka
fudfyd;lg ksy~ jk ;=re n,d isg"
kej;;a wdmiq yeÍ fldÿrhs'
“uf.a mq;d''' uf<a''' fï iqudfk'”
“wms ljqre;a uefrkjd"” hs l=Þ
leiailska fmf<kag ù f;d<lg
msi oud" iqiqï fy<hs' “b;ska blauka
lrmkaæ uy;a;=reks" ug kï ;j;a fï
úÈhg bkak nE' fï ñksyd wms fldhs
fj,djl tlal hdú o@˜
“tfyu kï ñksyf. fn,a,g fmdâvla
l=;a;= lrkjdæ”
“tAhs jOlhd" WUg weyqK o" Wfò
fn,a, lvkjd WUg ´kjg jeäh
i,lkak .sfhd;a wmsg mhska hkakhs
fjkafk”
bfhdakd fj; t,a, lrk ,o fï
myrj,a Tyqf.a is;g jvd lhg ±fkhs'
“bys" bys"”hs Tyq iskdfihs' “uqkakeye,d
fi,a,laldr ;reK uy;a;=re
Wkakeye,dg fohshkaf.a msysghs'”
“wE ñksfyd WU lido ne|, o@˜ hs
ySkaoEß tflla wihs'
“uu@ bys" bys" fi,a,laldr uy;a;=refka
ug oeka we;af;a uf.a .Eks;a f;;
fmd<j;a ú;rhs''' bys" bys"'' tA lshkafk
uf.a fydaïm<hs' uf.a mq;d uereKd'
uu ;du mK msáka''' tfyu mqÿu fohla
urejg mdr jeÿKd' ud <Õg tkjd
fjkqjg W! mq;d <Õg .shd'''”
bfhdakd ;u mq;d uereK yeá lSug
msgqmig yereK kuq;a fï fj,dfõ § o
l=Þ iqiqula fy<d" “fohshkaf.a msysfgka"
hï;ï wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;ekg
wdfõ” hs okajhs' w÷f¾ w;=reoykaj hk
Tjqka foi bfhdakd n,d isáhs' kej;
jrla ksixi, Ndjh yqol,d jQ bfhdakd
.s, .kshs' fudfyd;lg hgm;a ù mej;s
Tyqf.a fYdalh kej;;a mek kÕS'
Tyqf.a yoj; oeä fõ.fhka myrjhs'
Tyq W;aiql uqyqKlska jyd jgmsg n,d
ùÈfha tyd fuyd hk ckhd w;r ;udg
weyqïlka §ug leu;s tl ;eke;a;l=
j;a isà oehs fidhhs' tfy;a ckhd
Tyq .ekj;a Tyqf.a ÿl .ekj;a lsisÿ
;elSula ke;sj blauka fldg h;s' tfia
jqj;a th wkka; wm%udK ÿlls' Tyqf.a
yoj; ì£" fYdalh .,d .sfhd;a" th
f,dalh mqrd me;sÍ hkakg ;rï jk nj
Tyqg oefkhs' tfy;a th lsisfjla fkd
oks;s' fkd jeo.;a l=vd ismams lgqjla
;=< ieÕù isákakg iu;a jQ neúka th
lsisjl=g oj,a ld,fha myka t<shlskqÿ
fkd fmfkhs'
bfhdakd yK frÈ j.hla fmdrjdf.k
isá f.j,a uqrlrejl= oel" Tyq iuÕ
l;d nyg ierfihs'
“hd¿jd oeka fj,dj lShg weoao@” hs Tyq
wihs'
“kuh myqfj,d WU fudlo kej;s,d
bkafk' m,hka hkak'”
bfhdakd wä lSmhla bÈßhg f.dia"
WKaä ù" fYdalhg ;ud .s, .kakg
bv yßhs' ñksiqkaf.ka Wmldr
n,dfmdfrd;a;= ùfuka m,la ke;s nj
Tyq olshs' ñks;a;= myla .; ùug fmr
fl<ska jQ Tyq ysfia lelal=ula we;s
jQjdla fuka ysi Tijd .kshs' wk;=rej
Tyq f;dakamg .iajd wÈhs' Tyqg th
;j;a bjish fkdyels h' “bia;d,h”" hs
Tyq is;hs' l=vd wYajhd Tyqf.a is;=ú,a,
f;areï .;a;dla fuka fyñka bÈßhg
.uka lrhs'
meh tlyudrlg muK miq" bfhdakd
úYd," wmsßisÿ .sks Wÿkla wi, jeo
fydúhs' .sks Wÿk wi, ìu;a" nxl=
Wv;a ñksiaiq f.drjñka isá;s' tA
wjg >k" WKqiqï" wmsßisÿ jd;h ksid
yqiau .ekSu mjd wmyiqhs' bfhdakd
ksokakjqka foi n,d" weÕ lid .kshs'
fumuK fõ,dikska wdmiq fu;ekg
meñŒu .ek Tyq lK.dgq fjhs'
“ug ;du lv, ñ,j;a fydhd .kak
neß jqKd"” hs Tyq is;hs' “tAl ;uhs ug
fj,d ;sfhkafk' ñksfyl=g ;ukaf.
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 107
 riaidj fyd|g lrkak mq¿jka kï
ksoyfia ksokag mq¿jks'”
uq,a,l je;sÍ isá ;reK ßhlrefjla"
uola keÕsg ksÈuf;a ldrñka j;=r
mksÜgqj foig wefohs'
“WUg j;=r fndkak ´kE o@” hs bfhdakd
´kElñka wihs'
“ke;akï”
“yqï" fyd| iS;, j;=r fkao@ fï
u,a,S" WU okakjd o@ uf.a mq;d ueß,
oeka''' WUg weyqK o@ fï iqudfk'
biamsß;df,''' wd" tAl È. l;djla'”
bfhdakd ;ud mejiQ jpkj,ska l=uk
m%;sM,hla we;s jQfha oehs oek .ekSug
;reKhd foi n,hs' tfy;a bka lsis u
m,la ke;s nj Tyq olshs' ;reKhd
uQK jid f.k" kej;;a ;o kskafoka
miqfjhs' uy,a,d iqiqï fy<d ysi
lihs' ;reKhd j;=r îu i|yd hï
n÷ msmdihlska fm¿fKa o" uy,a,d
l;d lsÍu i|yd tn÷ u msmdihlska
fmf<hs' Tyqf.a mq;d ueÍ iqudkhla
msfrkag;a hhs' tfy;a tA .ek lsisfjl=
iuÕ ksùyefka l:d lrkag Tyqg
wjia:djla fkd ,eìK' Tyqf.a mq;d
frda.S jQ yeá;a" Tyq ÿla úkao yeá;a"
Tyq uefrkag fmr lS foa;a" Tyq
uereK yeá;a úia;r iys;j ySkaief¾"
idjOdkj lsj hq;= h' N+uodkh ms<sn|
ish¨ úia;r;a" .sh .uk;a olajd ,sh
hq;= h' Tyqf.a wekSIshd kï ÿj‚h
.fï kej;=Kq yeá" wE .ek;a l:d
l< hq;= h' Tyqg lshkag fudl=;a u
keoao@ hs ksielfhka u ;udf.a l:dj
wid isákakd fYdalfhka uqj whdf.k
isákag;a" iqiුï fy<kag;a" wkqlïmdj
m< lrkag;a fõú' .Ekqka iuÕ tA
.ek l:d lf<d;a jvd;a fyd|hs' Wka
fudavhka jqK;a jpk fol lshk úg
lÿ¿ fy,dú'
108 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
“.syska uf.a wYajhd n,kag ´kE"” hs
bfhdakd is;hs' “ksod .ekSug ´kE ;rï
fj,d ;sfhkjd' tA .ek nhfjkak
fohla kE'”
Tyq lndh ,df.k" wYajhd isák
bia;d,hg hhs' Tyq lv," msÿre yd
ld,.=Kh .ek is;hs' Tyq ;ks jQ úg
mq;d .ek is;Sug ;rï Yla;shla Tyq
;=< fkd fjhs' Tyq .ek ´kE u flkl=
iuÕ Tyqg l:d lrkag mq¿jks' tfy;a
Tyq .ek is;d Tyqf.a rEmh isf;ys
ujd .ekSu kï Tyqg oeßh fkd yels
fõokdjls'
“wE fnd," WU nv mqrjd .kakjd oe@”
hs bfhdakd Tyqf.a wYajhdf.a §ma;su;a
fk;a hqj, foi n,d wihs' “lula kE"
nv mqrjd .kska' lv, .ekSug ;rï
uqo,la fydhd .kag neß jqK;a wmg
´kE ;rï msÿre ;sfhkj fkao@ yenEg"
uu ±ka lr;a; olalkak kdls jeähs'
uf.a mq;dg kï mq¿jka' ug nE" thd
kï lshdmq lr;a;ldrhd' wd thd Ôj;a
j ysáhd kï”
bfhdakd fudfyd;la ksy~j isg
kej;;a lshhs'
“tfyu ;uhs" ´jd fjkafk" fkao fnd,"
±ka b;ska l=Iaud bfhdaksÉ bjrhs' thd
wmg Ôj;a fjkag bvyer,d .shd' thd
kï ‘fvdla’ .d,d lïuq;= WKd' ys;mka'
Tkak WUg fmdä meáfhla ysáhd" tA
meáhdf.a wïud WUhs' W! ysá yeáfh
WUj ;ks lr,d WUj w;Er,d .shd' tAl
ÿlhs" fkdfjo fnd,@”
l=vd wYajhd msÿre ymhs' weyqïlka fohs'
ydïmq;d foig yqiau fy<hs'''
bfhdakd ;=< we;af;a Wiq,d .; fkd
yels fYdalhls' Tyq l=vd wYajhdg uq¿
l;dj u lshhs'
 ,sÅ; wNHdi

1' je,mSu flá l;dj ms<sn|j flál;d ,laIK weiqfrka úuiSul fhfokak'
2' wjia:d yd isoaê ukdj ksrEmKh lsÍu je,mSu flál;dfõ id¾:l Ndjhg
fya;= úh' úuikak'
3' je,mSu flál;dfõ we;=<;a mßir j¾Kkd tu ks¾udKfha id¾:l;ajhg
bjy,a ù we;s wdldrh úuikak'
4' w¾: rih yd Ndjd;aul yeÕSï u;=jk mßÈ iÔù wdldrfhka fonia ks¾udKh
lr ;sîu je,mSu flá l;dfõ id¾:l Ndjhg fya;= ù we;' meyeÈ,s lrkak'
5' bfhdakd fYdal fõokd ord .ksñka Ôú;fha h:d¾:hg uqyqK fokakg fjr
ork pß;hls' je,mSu flál;dj weiqfrka újrKh lrkak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 109

 15 Woh
isß .=kisxy ^1925-2017&

ksi|eia ldjH iïm%odh m%p,s;

lrñka kQ;k isxy, moHfha .uka
uf.ys úma,ùh fjkila we;s l<
isrs .=kisxy uy;d uia f,a ke;s
weg" wìkslauk" r;= lel=, yd
wd,lukaodj hkqfjka ldjH ix.%y
y;rla rpkd lf<a h' fld<U hq.fha
uq,a mrmqf¾ lùka yd Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK
fudyq b;d Rcq f,i úfõpkh lrhs'
fjkia jk f,dalh ;=< udkj yd
iudc ;;a;aj ksrEmKh Wfoid kjH
ldjH wdlD;shl" NdIdjl" w,xldr
Ndú;hl yd mq¿,a jia;= úIhhl
wjYH;dj È.ska È.g u f.kyer
olajhs' ngysr lúfha wdNdih ,nñka
udkj Ôú;fha ksiaidr;ajh flfrys
wjOdkh olajñka lúh úma,ùh fudyq lúh jkdys udkj yd iudc
fjkilg ,la lf<a h' lúfhys w¾: Ôú;j, .eUqre m%ldYkhla njg
rih jvd Wiia .Kfhys ,d ie,l+ m;a lrñka th kQ;kh olajd m%fõY
fyf;u" Ndjuh ixlS¾K;d lúhg lrùfï mqfrda.dó pß;hla njg m;a
wdfoaY lr .ksñka udkj Ôú;fha úh'
yd iudc foayfha tf;la lùkag wei lúhl= muKla fkdj"kjl;dlrejl="
fkd .eiqKq f;audjka kj udkhlska Ñ;%l,d úpdrlhl=" Ñ;%mg
lúhg ke.Sug fm<UqfKa h' Ôú;fha wOHlaIjrhl= o jQ .=kisxy kQ;k
fi!kao¾hd;aul mlaIh muKla isxy, ldjH iïm%odfha úma,ùh
j¾Kkfhys ,d fhÿKqq mQ¾j hq.fha pß;hla f,i ms<s.efka'
lùka ks¾oh úfõpkhg ,la l<

110 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 fmrÈ. f.dryeç rl=fida"
uf.a OHdkh wehs lvkafka
ksod .kak fmdfrdjd.;a;
l¨ frÈ fmdg
fudlgo fï
;Srej,g brd oukafk'
l=re,a,kag .,a .y,d
Wka fyd`ogu ìh lr,d
u,a fmdfydÜgq ;s.eiais,d
l֬ fy,kjd'
weia fol uu wßkafk kE
;=re¨ lrka Ndjkdj
kej;;a hkakg hkjd
uu
uf.a oeyek f,dalhgu

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘Woh’ moH mka;sfhka bosrsm;a flfrk woyi úpdrd;aulj úuikak'

2' ks¾udKh i`oyd lúhd Wmfhda.S lr f.k we;s ldfjHdala;s ms<sn| we.hSula
lrkak'
3' wmQ¾j;ajh ks¾udKd;aul idys;H lD;shl id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a jk wdldrh
‘Woh’ lúfm< weiqfrka úuikak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 111

 16 jeiai
.=Kodi wurfialr ^1929&

jD;a;sfhka oka; ffjoHjrhl= jk

.=Kodi wurfialr lúhl= f,i
muKla fkdj flál;dlrejl="
kjl;dlrejl=" idys;H yd iudc
úpdrlhl= f,i o m%lg h' Ndj
.S;" Whkl ys| ,shQ lú" wdj¾ckd"
wu,aìfida" .=re¿j; yd wilaodlj
fudyq úiska rÑ; moH .%ka: w;r fõ'
idïm%odhsl lú u. úfõpkh lrñka
ìys jQ ksi|eia lúh o Bg mQ¾j hq.fha
lúh o oeä úfõpkhg n÷ka l< fudyq"
iïm%odh u; msysgñka mer‚ lúfhys
fkdu| wdNdih;a ck lúfhys ßoau
,laIK yd ks¾jHdc;ajh;a yDoh.%dyS wurfialr iajlSh ks¾udK ms<sn|
NdId yd w,xldr Ndú;h;a weiqßka jqj o b;d kuHYS,S wdl,amhl miq
ixlS¾K iudc yd udkj O¾u;d jqKq lúfhls' mD:q, Ôjk oDIaáhla
újrKh lrkq jia lúh fufyhúh m%ldY l< yels udOHhla jk ksi|eia
hq;= nj oeä fia ms<s.;a lúfhls' lúh foaYSh rduqjla ;=< ia:dmkh
lúfhys NdIdj" ßoauh yd wdlD;sh lrñka kQ;k moH ldjH lafIA;%hg
iïm%odfhka Wlyd .;a idrfhka fudyq odhdo l< kj m%jK;d"
fmdaIKh lsÍu fudyqf.a wkkH;dj j¾;udk lùkag wNskj iïm%odhka
fõ' zmia u;a úß;Z kQ;k lúhg ms<sn| w;a yod ne,Sï isÿ lsÍug m%n,
m%fõY jkafka wurfialrf.a Ndú;h odhl;ajhla iemhqfõ h'
Tiafia h'

112 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 ÑÑß Ñß ÑÑß Ñß Wfoa isg weo yef,k
fmdo fkd leã f;; nßj ysßlsf;ka ls,sfmd,k
mdr f;dg" .y fld, o" jidf.k yeu w;sk
jysk jeys jysk jeys fkd mdhk uq¿ oji
f.dfydre uv we`.s,s lre w;r Ñß Ñß .dk
uv lä;s yeu ;ek u uv mdg Èh /÷k
w¿;a mia oeuQ mdr oksy f;la uv tfrk
nekshu o weÕg we,s Wfoa isg f;; nßj
f;uqk frÈ weÕ we¨K ynqre fld, u,smsá o
fodar f.dia yeu ;ek u jlal,ka we,s yeÿk
yeÜg w;a l| l,j f;; froao weÕ t;=j
jysk jeys ;o yq<Õ fkd mdhk uq¿ oji
T¿j flia f;; nßj msg Èf.a jelaflfrk
ld¾ frdafoka Ñßia weÕ mqrd uv bfyk
wdhsu;a ysá .uka ;o lrka tk ie‚k
jysk jeys jysk jeys fkd mdhk uq¿ oji
f.or f.dia we|mq foa fudfyd;lska bjr fldg
;=jdfhka weÕ m; o msy oud ysi flia o
w¨;a irula we|ka WKg WKq f;a j;=r
wef|ys b| WKqyqug fndkafk fldhs fudfydf;oehs
jeys fmdfoys fmÕ=K is; ys; ys;d ,; fõ h

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' .=Kodi wurfialrhkaf.a zjeiaiZ mµ mka;sh ir, wkqN=;shla mdol lr .;a;

o .eUqre oDIaáhla újrKh lrkakls' fï ms<sn`o Tfí woyia úpdrd;aulj
olajkak'
2' .=Kodi wurfialrhkaf.a by; oelajqKq mµ mka;sh id¾:l mµ mka;shla
f,i w.h l< yels h' úuikak'
3' f;audjg WÑ; NdId Ndú;h fï lú fmf<a úfYaI;ajhls; ksoiqka iys;j
myokak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 113

 17 mq;= bmÿKq fï forfKa
uy.u fialr ^1929-1976&

m%;sNdmQ¾K lúhl= muKla fkdj .S;

rplhl=" kjl;dlrejl=" Ñ;% Ys,amshl=
yd Ñ;%mg wOHlaIjrhl= o jQ uy.u
fialr úiska rpkd lrk ,o ldjH
ix.%y w;r ilajd ,sys‚" fyg brla
mdhhs" ula ksid o h;a" rdc;s,l ,hk,a
yd m%shka;" fndaäu" fkdñfhñ" m%nqoaO
wd§ ldjH ks¾udK rpkd lr we;'
iïm%odh yd kùk;ajh iïnkaO
uOHia: wdl,amhl miq jQ fudyq"
fld<U lúfhys tkï i|eia lúfhys
yd ksi|eia lúfhys idOkSh yd
ksfYaOkSh ,laIK ukdj wjfndaO lr
.ksñka Ñrka;k ldjH iïm%odfhys ms<sn| w;ayod ne,Sfuys ksr; úh'
idrh;a ngysr ldjH iïm%odfhys zm%nqoaOZ fudyqf.a ldjH ks¾udK
.eUqre Ñka;kh;a cklúfhys w;=ßka w.%M,h f,i ie,flk w;r
ks¾jHdc" ir," iqLkuH Ndjh;a j¾;udk ;;ajh olajd lúh m%fõY
iajlSh lúfhys fkdu|j Ndú; lrùfï yerjqï ,laIHh f,i uy.u
lrñka kjH;u ldjH m%fõYhla fialr lúhd ye¢kaúh yels h'

mq;= bmÿKq fï fmdf<dfõ

Wreuh mq;=ghs
ta fmdf<dfõ To f;o .=K
mq;=yg msysghs

114 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 úydr uy uE‚jreka
bmÿKq fmdf<djhs
uoaÿu nKavdr mq;=ka
bmÿKq fmdf<djhs
rdisy uyfika foú÷ka
bmÿKq fmdf<djhs
ñka u;=jg ta fmdf<dfõ
Wreuh mq;=ghs
uy iE rka fld; uqÿfka
.k rka lsrKhs
isßud fnda uev fijfka
isys,e,a mjkhs
o<od ysñ /¢ úufka
nqÿ/ia oyrhs
yeuod yeu ÿla ÿr,d
mq;= is; ikihs

i;r w;ska uqyqo keÕS

mjqre iod,hs
fjr< È.ska uq;= u;=ù
hii Wod fjhs
fmdf<dj m,d ñ‚ rejkska
biqre .,d ths
fmdf<dj tjka mq;= Wrefuka
,enqj ksodkhs

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' zmq;= bmÿKq fï forfKaZ foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk ks¾udKhls' fï woyi

;yjqre lrkak'

2' lúhd Ndú; lr we;s ßoauh fï lú fmf<a id¾:l;ajhg bjy,a ù we;s

wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 115

 18 Èidm;s lduf¾ § h
fudksld rejkam;srK ^1946-2004&

fudksld rejkam;srK hkq 70 oYlfha

lùka w;r jQ m%lg u lsú¢h hs' 1971 §
wms fokakd iy ;j;a lsysm fofkla
kï ldjH ix.%yh ksl=;a lrñka
ldjH lafIa;%hg m%úIag jQ fudksld
rejkam;srK ;ykï foaYhlska
^1972&" Tfí fhfy<sh weh .eyeksh
^1975&" wx.=,sud,f.a isysk ^1979&" úis
jil fYAI m;%h ^1992&" wika m;a;sks
foaj;dù ^1999&" ysfmdl%áia iy
frda.sksh ^2003& iy w¨;a u isyskh
^2003& hk ldjH .%ka: Tiafia iajlSh
ldjH m%;sNdj m%lg l<d h' flál;d
rÑldjl fuka u" idys;H úpdßldjl
o jQ weh ia;%sh fjkqfjka y`vla ke`.+
lsú`oshls' ldjH wka;¾.;fhys jk i¾jld,Sk
w.h" fmdÿ nj" Rcq iudc n,mEu
mj;akd iudc l%uh ;=< l,, fya;=fjka wef.a lúh jvd;a m%n,
wjia:dfõ isg úhm;aj ñhefok ;=re f,i iyDo yo ii, lrhs' .cuka
ia;%shlg w;a ú£ug isÿ jk wfkalúO fkdakdf.ka miq ìys jQ m%Yia;u
widOdrKlï ms<sn| y`v k.ñka lsú¢h fudksld rejkam;srK h hkak
ia;%shf.a brKu m%Yak lsÍu Wfoid fndfyda úpdrlhkaf.a u;hhs'
weh iajlSh lúh fufyh jQjd h'

116 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 tla hq.hl Ôjkfha ir;i ksjq ud iqñ;=r
ÿr ys¢kd Tn olskak wdfhñ È.= l,lg miq

nuk úÿ,s mxldfjka jd .en le<fUk y~ ñi

t i| Tfí uqjz. ke.=Kq ido f;mq,a kEfia ug

fïih u; ,sms f.dkq /i iq<fÕ fkdhd § rlsñka

ta u; ys¢kd ., fia ud wìhi ksy~h Tn

ì;a;sfh we;s fiahd rE tlsfkl tì tî n,hs

ke;sfhka Tfn j; yi/,s ufoi n,d iskd k.hs

ndf,a wms .ï fodr fl<s u~q¨ ueÈka wd .ufka

uyfoa we¢ Tfn is;=ju fldys ieÕú‚ oehs fkdoefka

tl hq.hl Ôjkfha ir;i ksjq ud iqñ;=r

Tn wi,ska neyerg hñ l=ug o Tnf.a wjir@

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘Èidm;s ldurfha § h’ ks¾udKhg mdol ù we;s w;a±lSu meyeÈ,s lrkak'

2' Ñ;a; rEm uefjk NdIdjla fhdod .ksñka ;u woyi .uH lsÍug lsú`Èh oerE
W;aidyh ‘Èidm;s ldurfha § h’ mµ mka;sh weiqfrka úuikak'

3' “ ‘Èidm;s ldurfha §’ id¾:l mµ mka;shls'” úuikak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 117

 19 u`.
r;ak YS% úfÊisxy ^1953&

uy.ufialrf.ka miq lúh yd .S;h

wrnhd mq¿,a ks¾udK odhl;ajhla
iemhQ 70" oYlfha ldjH ks¾udK
lafIa;%hg wj;S¾K j 80 oYlfha
§ biau;= jQ m%n, lúfhl= f,i
r;ak YS% úfÊisxy ie,lsh yels h' lúh
yqÿ ufkdaNdj ksrEmKfhka Tíng
.uka .;a" iuld,Sk iudc h:d¾:h
ksrEmKh lsÍfuys fuj,ula njg
m;alr.;a r;ak YS%" ,dxflah iudc
foayh mßK; oDIaáhlska ksrEmKh
lrk lúfhls' kj lúfhys oDYHuh
wjldYh mq¿,a lsÍu" kjH wdlD;s"
m%ia;+;hg WÑ; NdId Ndú;h yd
jvd mD:q, jQ wka;¾.;hla lúhg
y÷kajd§u r;ak YS% úfÊisxyf.a
lúfha úfYaI;d fjhs'
wd;;sh yd ;r.ldß;ajh u; Èú
1979 § zìh fkdjka whshKaäZ kï f.jk udkj Ôú;j, fN!;sl yd
ldjH ix.%yh Tiafia ldjH lafIa;%hg wdOHd;añl h:d¾:h;a udkj fma%uh
m%úIag jQ fudyq jiaidfka ^1985& iqn m%uqL il,úO mqoa., in|;d;a Tyqf.a
WoEik ^1988& i,a .y hg ^1996& ;re ;shqKq úuiqug ,la fjhs' m%pdrljd§
,l=K ^1997& uOHu hduh ^2005& m%jK;d wka;¾.; l,dfjys ksu.ak
ikaOHd ;S¾:h ^2010& yd kslsKs jeiai fkdjQj o iudc idOdrK;ajh ms<sn|
^2012& hk ldjH ix.%y m%ldYhg m;a .eUqre yd mD:q, oDIaáhla fudyqf.a
fldg ;sfí' ks¾udK fj;ska m%lg fjhs' iïNdjH
80 oYlfha mqfrda.dó lúhl= jQ fudyq idys;Hh ;=<ska ,;a YslaIKh;a ck
isxy, ldjH lafIa;%hg fuka u isxy, idys;Hfhka Wlyd.;a yDoh.%dyS nj;a
.S; lafIa;%hg jvd m%n, ks¾udK tla;eka jQ ixhuYS,S m%n, lúhl=
odhl;ajhla iemhQ .S mo rplfhls' f,i fudyq iyDohdg ióm fjhs'
mßfNdackjd§ wd¾Ólh wìuqj

118 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 uÕla kï
mshjr u;ska
mshjr ;nd
;ekQ uÕla u hs
w;r uÕ <; fkdù
uqj fÞr fidhd hk
.Õla u hs
ish oyia
flda fõ yuqjkd
ux ikaê miqjk
w;jkd
oyila fokd
tl mshjßka
oyila fhdÿka ÿr
wrUkd
uÕlg fÞila fkdlshka
ke; Bg ksis ldrKd
wïn,ï
úis;=re i,amsf,ka
jgrjqï
mÈld u,a jefgka
fijK¨ iok
;=re,sh fm<ska
ieÈ fomi ukrï - fidankd
fudfyd;l bisUq
,nkd úkd
ke; w;ru.
k;rjk jdikd
uÕla kï
tA uÕla u hs
fkduÕla fkdfjhs
uÕ kj;skd

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' ‘u`.’ lú fmf<ka biau;= flfrk Ôjk oDIaáh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lrkak'
2' ldjHd,xldr Ndú;fha § lúhd olajd we;s olaI;dj ‘u`.’ mµ mka;sh
weiqfrka úuikak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 119

 20 ldka;dr .ul Wm;
kkaok ùrisxy - 1954

80 oYlfha ldjH lafIa;%hg msúi 90

oYlfha § m%lg lúhl= jQ kkaok
ùrisxy j¾;udkh olajd wLKavj
ldjHlrKfhys ksr; jkafkls'
.sx.fÕa ú,dmh ^1984& kï ldjH
ix.%yh m%ldYhg m;a lrñka ldjH
lafIa;%hg msúis fudyq lsßiqj|e;s
rd;s%hla ^1990& i;Hldu kï fjñ
^1994& .sr. ^1997& uy;a i| msks
ìf|l ^2009& iyia /ia hg ^2011&
hk iaj;ka;% ldjH lD;s fuka u Èis
wÈis ^2013& kñka weußld jld ldjH
mßj¾;khla o isÿ lr ;sfnhs'
OfkaYajr l%uh;a iu. iudc"
wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl yd ixialD;sl
m%mxphkays isÿ jQ fjkialï b;d
ishqïj .%yKh lr .ksñka .eUqre
Ôjk oDIaáhlska hq;=j udkj yd iudc ixlaIsma;;dj lúhg wdfrdamKh
Ôú; újrKfhys ksu.ak jk kkaok lrñka kjH ldjH wdlD;s ms<sn|
ùrisxyf.a mµ ishqï foaYmd,ksl w;ayod ne,Sïys ksr; jk fudyq"
oDIaáhlska hqla; ùu úfYaI;ajhls' ngysr ixCIsma; lúfhka o wdNdih
,enQ lúhl= f,i y`ÿkd.; yels h'

120 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

 f.dfâ lkafo uQl,dk lïmd lrñkafka
rEiaifhls ? md`Mj ì|f.k weo jegqfKa
wv kskafo u mka meÿrg WKq l÷<la ye¨fKa
uQl,dk mia jeáhla ù ySfkka fmkqfKa
hi orejka f.k welfhka lemqj;a fkdief,kafka
ÿla lror fldaáhla u .s,f.k yskefykafka
ish;ska ur úm; lák ñksiqka olsñkafka
uyd mqreIhl= jdf.a lkao ke.S bkafka
msreKq f,dßh .ï fÞrlv mshux lr hkjd
mdr jqK;a ysßyerhla kE Tfy ksÈhkjd
mef,a jy, weo ye<s,d udihla u fjkjd
mrd, ;=klg whshd ysf¾ yqyqx ,kjd
fmdfrdj" lsh; l¨jf¾ u mK wdjd f,isfka
uf. weÕ Wv mÜg,a ne| lmkq brkq jekafka
fohshkaf.a u,a,s,dg foúfhd u /jfgkafka
ldka;dr .u udhsï ;j;a mq`M,a fjkafka

,sÅ; wNHdi

1' wd¾Ól jdis wfmalaIdfjka ñksiqka lrk l%shdldrlï ksid iajNdj O¾uhg
jk ydksh wmQ¾j;ajfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug kkaok ùrisxy lúhdf.a ‘ldka;dr
.ul Wm;’ mµ mka;sh iu;a ù we;' úuikak'

2' kkaok ùrisxy lúhdf.a m%;sNdj ‘ldka;dr .ul Wm;’ mµ mka;sh weiqfrka
úuikak'

3' ‘ldka;dr .ul Wm;’ ks¾udKfha § lúhd Ndú; lr we;s wdlD;sh yd NdId
ú,dih ms<sn`o we.hSula lrkak'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 121

122 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'