Module 1 Activity:

Name: Jonathan Jr. R. Restor

For Submission Section: A8A56

Activating Prior Knowledge

Reflect on the learning outcomes. Complete the table below.
Learning Outcomes What do you know already? Any questions/clarifications in
relation to learning outcomes
1. Explain the (1A)
importance of As I had an upbringing from a family of
farmers and agricultural engineers, botany
Botany as a
has a direct effect on my family’s livelihood.
science and Through studying and applying crop cycles,
enumerate its appropriate maintenance and using crop-
subdivisions friendly pesticides (which was also
None for 1A
recommended by the Department of
Agriculture) our family was able to
maximize the rate of harvest from our
farmlands. Undeniably, botany also holds
the answers to many of the pressing issues of
our time – from producing more effective
medicine, energy production, construction,
and hopefully reversing the effects of climate
change.
Learning Outcomes What do you know already? Any questions/clarifications in
relation to learning outcomes

1.Explain the (1B) As far as I could remember, botany can

be subdivided as follows: • As technology continuously
importance of a. Morphology – deals with the holistic form
Botany as a science and structure of the plant evolves, is it possible that
and enumerate its b. Anatomy – concerned with the internal new subdivisions of botany
structures of the plant could emerge? What could
subdivisions c. Physiology – studies the functions of the it be?
plant structures as well as its vital activities
such as photosynthesis
d. Histology – deals with the more detailed • How harmful are
understanding of plant cells and tissues genetically modified
e. Taxonomy – The naming, classification organisms to humankind?
and hierarchical organization of plants falls What could be the most
under this field.
f. Ecology – concerned with the relationship effective technology to
of plants to its environment apply in producing highly
g. Genetics – study of plant heredity and valuable crops without
variations. Mendelian Genetics was born compromising public
by studying pea plants.
health?
h. Plant breeding – aims to produce more
economically valuable produce through
reproduction techniques (some are aided • How could plants
with technology). communicate?
i. Plant Pathology – study of plant diseases
and how to treat them.
j. Paleobotany – deals with identifying and
understanding the plants that lived on
Earth across geologic times.
Learning What do you know already?
Outcomes
2. Trace The most traceable birth of
Botany. Theophrastus,
the history the “Father of Botany”,
wrote studies concerned
and with the existence of plants,
1600s
advances two of which survived to
this day.
of Botany.
Johannes van Helmont
measured the uptake of 1600s
water in a tree.
Anton van
Leeuwenhoek saw a live
cell under a microscope.
In his work De Sexu
Plantarum Epistola,
Rudolf Camerarius
established plant
sexuality. 1700s
The father of taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
introduced the science of
naming and classification
of organisms, including
plants
Breakthroughs in
paleobotany were made.
1800s
Potato blight in Ireland
led to advancements in
plant pathology
Gregor Johann
Mendel laid the
foundation of genetics by
studying pea plants
Any
questions/clarifica-
tions in relation to
learning outcomes
Pre- Dioscorides wrote a
1. How did Theophrastus
book inspired by plants
formed his philosophy on
that became the
guidebook for medicine plants when in any field of
for 1500 years knowledge at that time, it
didn’t even exist?
Invention of the
microscope by Robert 2. How was non-
Hooke, leading to the Mendelian genetics in
discovery of cells
plants discovered?
Historia Plantarum, a
breakthrough in modern
taxonomy, was published
by John Ray.
Plant physiology was
effectively established as
a science by Stephen
Hales.
Joseph Priestley
established the basics of
plant metabolism
The chlorophyll was
discovered by Pierre-
Joseph Pelletier and
Joseph Caventou.
The process of
photosynthesis was
discovered by Jan
Ingenhousz
Learning What do you know already? Any
Outcomes questions/clarifica-
tions in relation to
learning outcomes
2. Trace
Discovery of the two
the history types of chlorophyll
1900s
and The process of nitrogen
advances fixation, nitrification,
The three-dimensional
and ammonification
3. Is it possible to
nature of cells was
of Botany. further studied. was discovered. study botany on
In 1982, the first extra-terrestrial
genetically modified
plant was synthesized, environments?
an antibiotic-resistant What differences in
tobacco plant
plant morphology,
Present
Intricacies of anatomy or
photosynthesis have More researches on the physiology among
been studied on the
enzyme level.
effectiveness of herbal species planted in
plants as remedies to
ailments have been different
Polymers, like silicone,
have been crafted to
produced. environments could
protect plants.
Plant genetics have
be possibly
been manipulated to observed first?
maximize crop
“Wet leaves”, or leaves
production.
containing a peak
amount of dew, have
been discovered to be
beneficial to plants. Plants actually have a
sense of cognition.
Learning Outcome 3. Differentiate prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell.

What do you know already?

The compare-and-contrast analysis of prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cells could
be best presented through a checklist.
Characteristic Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell
Presence of nucleus  ✓
Presence of membrane-bound organelles  ✓

Presence of endoplasmic reticulum  ✓

Presence of mitochondria  ✓
Chromosome count 1 (not a true >1
chromosome, but
plastids)
Cellular count in an organism 1 (Unicellular) 1 (for protozoa)
>1 (for plants,
animals, fungi)
Ribosome size Larger Smaller

Examples bacteria, archaea protozoa, plants,

animals, fungi,
*Both contain DNA, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

Any questions/clarifications in relation to learning outcomes?

• If prokaryotes do not have a true chromosome, how can they transfer genetic
information during reproduction?
• Why are ribosome sizes larger in prokaryotes, and smaller in eukaryotes?
Learning What do you know already? Any
Outcomes questions/clarification
in relation to learning
outcomes
4. Identify Amyloplast – a plant organelle that stores starch, • Plants are
the basic its source of energy
Cell wall- provides protection and structure to the
known to have a
parts of the cell, and also prevents bursting due to osmosis. tough cell wall.
plant cell Cell membrane- regulates what substances are How could the
and its allowed to and from the plant cell.
Chloroplast- houses green pigments called
plant cells
functions.
chlorophyll that capture a certain wavelength of surrounding the
visible light from the sun. This is used for stomata expand
photosynthesis.
Cytoplasm- contains the organelles of the plant cell.
and contract
Most of the chemical processes occur here. when the leaf
Cytoskeleton- maintains the cell’s internal seeks for carbon
organization
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – processes the
dioxide?
synthesis and storage of lipids. • What organelle
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- houses most of the in any type of
cell’s ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus- carries out the modification,
cell could be
sorting and packaging of proteins. labelled as
Mitochondria – the most famous organelle. It is the “vestigial”, if
“powerhouse” of the cell, generating chemical
energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical
there is?
reactions.
Nucleus – controls the plant cell’s activity and
houses the cell’s DNA
Nucleolus- manufactures the cell’s ribosomes
Ribosome- the cell’s manufacturer of proteins.
Vacuole- stores volumes of water for the plant cell.