New Syllabus Mathematics Workbook 1 1.

Factors and Multiples

Chapter 1: Factors and Multiples

Summary

1. A prime number is a number which has only two different factors, 1 and the number itself. Prime
numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, etc.

2. A composite number is a number which has more than two different factors. Composite numbers
are 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, etc.

3. The number 1 is neither a prime nor a composite number because it has only one factor.

4. A composite number can be expressed as the product of two or more prime numbers.

5. The process of expressing a composite number as the product of prime factors is called prime
factorization.

6. Index notation:

In general, ���������
𝑎𝑎 × 𝑎𝑎 × … × 𝑎𝑎 is written as an and is read as a to the power of n.
𝑛𝑛 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

7. The largest of the factors common to two or more numbers is called the Highest Common Factor
(HCF) of the numbers.

8. The smallest of the common multiples of two or more numbers is called the Least Common
Multiple (LCM) of the numbers.

9. If a number y can be expressed as y=x2, we say that y is the square of x and x is the square root
of y.

If x is a whole number, then y is a perfect square.

10. If a number y can be expressed as y=x3, we say that y is the cube of x and x is the cube root of y.

=================== ============= ==================

Practice Questions

1. Find the sum of all prime numbers less than 30.

2. Find the sum of all prime numbers between 80 and 100.

3. Find the sum of the first three prime numbers that end with a 9.

Page 1
New Syllabus Mathematics Workbook 1 1. Factors and Multiples

4. Find the difference between the two prime numbers between 20 and 30.

Express the following numbers in prime factors.

5. 315 7. 8008 9. 58 752

6. 3234 8. 61 200 10. 117 800

Find the H.C.F of the following.

11. 16 and 24 15. 1008 and 1960 19. 132, 156 and 180

12. 45 and 63 16. 1080 and 1584 20. 195, 270 and 345

13. 56 and 70 17. 42, 66 and 78 21. 147, 231 and 273

14. 90 and 126 18. 84, 98 and 112 22. 225, 495 and 810

Find the L.C.M of the following.

23. 30 and 24 28. 264 and 504 33. 324, 972 and 756

24. 72 and 48 29. 1176 and 1960 34. 16, 28, 44 and 68

25. 75 and 105 30. 435 and 261 35. 180, 90, 126 and 36

26. 243 and 405 31. 104, 56 and 72

27. 306 and 144 32. 450, 720 and 1170

Find the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of the following.

36. 189 and 84 39. 1008 and 1764 42. 792, 1188 and 330

37. 315 and 720 40. 560, 140 and 224 43. 525, 1400 and 315

38. 616 and 392 41. 378, 567 and 252

44. Find

(a) the difference between the first two perfect squares that end with a 9.

(b) the sum of the first three perfect squares that end with a 4.

(c) the first two perfect squares whose difference is 20.

(d) the product of the first two perfect cubes that end with 1.

(e) the difference between the first perfect squares and the first perfect cube that end with a 5.

45. Write down all the perfect squares and perfect cubes that are between 500 and 600.

Page 2
New Syllabus Mathematics Workbook 1 1. Factors and Multiples

Using prime factorization, find the square root of each of the following.

46. 2304 49. 3969 52. 8281

47. 7056 50. 9216

48. 2025 51. 3136

Using prime factorization, find the cube root of each of the following.

53. 5832 55. 17 576 57. 59 319

54. 9216 56. 39 304

Evaluate the following.

3 3
58. √64 000 000 61. �132 + √1728 − √441� ÷ 42 × 153
3
59. √160 000 62. 603 ÷ √625 − √2744
3
60. 92 × 23 − √289 + √1331

Estimate mentally the following.

63. 512 68. 3983 73.

3
113 + √7999

64. 692 69. √48 74. 192 × √10 004

65. 3022 70.

3
√65 75.
3
√99 − √28
66. 193 71.
3
√998
67. 623
72. √626

Use a calculator to evaluate the following.

3
76. 693 + 1262 − √71 289 × √912 673
3
77. √12 167 × 572 − 563 ÷ √153 664
3 3
78. �√576 + √961 − √12 167� ÷ √4096 × 373
3
79. �√292 682 − 73 � ÷ 32 + √1290 496 − √35 937 × √1089

Page 3
New Syllabus Mathematics Workbook 1 1. Factors and Multiples

3 3
80. 183 ÷ √5184 + �162 − √753 57� ÷ �223 − 1032 − √753 571�

81. Canteen A, canteen B and canteen C repeat their lunch menus every 12 days, 8 days and 10 days
respectively. All canteens are serving noodle soup today. In how many days later will all the three
canteens be serving noodle soup again?

82. Mrs. Lim has sponsored a total of 105 hot dogs and 126 cans of fruit juice for the refreshment of a
class picnic. Each pupil will receive the same amount of refreshment.

(a) What is the greatest number of pupils that the refreshment can cater to?

(b) How many hot dogs will each pupil receive?

(c) How many cans of fruit juice will each pupil receive?

83. A World Bank conference is being attended by 96 members from China, 72 from Japan and 48
from Korea.

(a) What is the greatest number of discussion groups that can be formed so that members from
each country are distributed equally among all the groups?

(b) How many members from China will there be in each group?

84. James was trying to sleep one night but there was too much noise around him. His clock ticked
every 20 seconds; a tap was dripping every 15 seconds and his pet dog snored every 27 seconds.

He noticed on his clock that all the three events happened together on the stroke of midnight.

(a) After how many minutes would all the three events happen together again?

(b) How many times would all the three events happen together again between midnight and one
o’clock?

=== End of the Chapter ===

Page 4
New Syllabus Mathematics Workbook 1 1. Factors and Multiples

ANSWERS

1. A 25. A 49. A

2. A 26. A 50. A

3. A 27. A 51. A

4. A 28. A 52. A

5. AA 29. A 53. A

6. A 30. A 54. A

7. A 31. A 55. A

8. F 32. A 56. A

9. A 33. A 57. A

10. A 34. A 58. A

11. A 35. A 59. A

12. A 36. A 60. A

13. A 37. A 61. A

14. A 38. A 62. A

15. A 39. A 63. A

16. A 40. A 64. A

17. A 41. A 65. A

18. A 42. A 66. A

19. A 43. A 67. A

20. A 44. A 68. A

21. A 45. A 69. A

22. A 46. A 70. A

23. A 47. A 71. A

24. A 48. A 72. A

Page 5
New Syllabus Mathematics Workbook 1 1. Factors and Multiples

73. A 75. A 77. A

74. A 76. A

78. A

79. A

80. A

81. A

82. A

83. A

84. a

Page 6