Final Design

1.
DESIGN DATA AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES
With reference to EBCS 1 and EBCS 2-1995

1.1 CONCRETE
Class 1 workmanship
Concrete grade C-25
fck=25N/mm2
0.85 * 0.8 * 25
fcd= 1.5
=11.33 N/mm2
fctk 1.75
fctd= c = 1.5 =1.17N/mm2
1.2 Reinforcement STEEL

Steel grade S-300
fyk=300N/mm2
γs=1.15(ordinary loading)
fyk 300
fyd= s = 1.15 =260.87N/mm2
Steel grade S-400, fyk=400N/mm2 , 347.83N/mm2
Steel grade S-460, fyk=460N/mm2 , 400N/mm2
Es=200*103N/mm2
1.3 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

 Concrete
-
Reinforced, 2% reinforcement = 25KN/m3
-
Light weight concrete =20KN/m3
 Flooring and finishing;
- Marble chips =27 KN/m3
-Ceramic tile flooring = 16 KN/m3
-Cement screed =23 KN/m3
-Plastered and painted surface =23 KN/m3
1.4 DESIGN METHOD

Ultimate Limit States & Serviceability Limit States Design
Methods;
EBCS 1, EBCS 2 -1995
1.5 Design Load with partial safety factors
Pd=1.3DL + 1.6LL
2. WIND LOAD
1
According to EBCS 1: ART 3.52 the external wind pressure
We=qref *ce(ze)*cpe
And the internal wind pressure,wi
Wi=qref*ci(ze)*cpe
Where qref=1/2**vref2
For Ethiopia ,Vref=22m/s
For Addis Ababa =0.94kg/m3 (According to EBCS 1,1995 table 3.1)
Qreq=0.94*222/2=227.48N/m2
The exposure coefficient ,ce(ze)
Ce(ze)=cr2*(zo)*ct2(z)*(1+7kT/(cr(zo)*ct(z)))
According to EBCS 1,1995 table 3.2 terrain categories and related

parameters
 Terrain category IV
KT=0.24 , Zo(m)= 1m , Zmin=16m
 The roughness coefficient at height z defined by
Cr(z)=kT*ln(z/zo) , for zmin≤ 200
Cr (z)=cr(zmin) ,for z <zmin
Z=24.65 , Zmin=16m , Zo=1m
Cr(z)=0.7692
 Topographic coefficient
ct =1 for flat surface <0.05
 The exposure coefficient becomes
Ce (ze)=0.7692*12(1+7*0.24/(0.769*1))
Ce (ze)= 1.88
hp= height of parapet
h= height of roof above ground
Ze= reference height
e=b or 2h which ever is smaller
b:- crossing dimensions
e=b or 2h
e=15
e
 1 .5
10
e
 7.5
2
e
 3.75
4
2
Area AF=1.5*3.75=5.625
AG=7.5*1.5=11.2
AH=15*6=90
AI=2.5*15=37.5
From table A-2 external pressure for flat roofs
Hp/h=0.58/24.65=0.025
Zone
F G H I
Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1
Hp/h=0.024 -1.6 -2.2 -1.1 -1.8 -0.7 -1.2 0.2 0.2
2
Area(m ) 5.63 11.25 90 37.5
Cpe -1.75 -1.1 -1.1 (+/-)1.1
Procedure from EBCS -1 Appendix A

Cpe=cpe,1-------A≤1m2
Cpe =cpe,1+(cpe,10-cpe,1)log 4----------- 1m2<A<10m2
3
Cpe =cpe,10------------A>10m2
Areas AF=2.5*0.56=1.4
AG=5*0.56=2.8
AH=4.44*10=44.4
AI=10*10=100
Zone
F G H I
Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1 Cpe10 Cpe1
Hp/h=0.024 -1.6 -2.2 -1.1 -1.8 -0.7 -1.2 0.2 0.2
Area(m2) 1.4 2.8 44.4 100
Cpe -2.11 -0.79 0.7 (+/-)0.2
For Region F, cpe =cpe,1+(cpe,10-cpe,1)*log A

Cpe= -2.2+(-1.6+2.2)*log1.4=-2.11
Region G Cpe=cpe,1+(cpe,10-cpe,1)*log A
Cpe=-1.8+(-1.1+1.8)*log2.8=-0.7
 Maximum positive Cpe=+0.2

 Maximum negative Cpe=-1.75
 External pressure
We=qref*ce(ze)*cpe
We=0.228*1.88*(0.2)=0.086kpa positive 
We=0.228*1.88*(-1.75)=0.75kpa negative
 Internal pressure from EBCS 1, 1995 A-2.9
For closed buildings with internal partition & opening windows
The extreme values are
Cpi=0.8 or Cpi=-0.5
Wi=qref*ce(zi)*cpi
Wi=0.228*1.88*0.8=0.343
Wi=0.228*1.88*-0.5=-0.214
 Net positive = 0.086+0.214=0.3kpa
 Net negative = 0.75+0.343=-1.09kpa
Add wind pressure =+0.3
 Maximum positive Cpe=+0.2
 Maximum negative Cpe =-2.11
External pressure
4
We= qref*ce(ze)*cpe
We=0.228*1.88*(+0.2)=0.086 positive 
We=0.228*1.88*(-2.11)= 0.908 negative 
Wi=0.228*1.88*0.8=+0.343kpa positive 
Wi=0.228*1.88*-0.5=-0.214kpa negative 
Net positive =0.086+0.214=0.3kpa

Net negative =0.908+0.343=-1.25kp
There fore the wind load act on the slab =0.3KN/m2
Since it is small and the slab is RC, windload can be ignored.
5
3. Design of slabs
3.1 ROOF SLAB
Depth from serviceability;

 fyk  Le
d=  0.4  0.6 400  a , fyk=300Mpa,  10mm bar
 
Panel Lx(m) Ly(m) Ly/Lx a d(mm) D(mm) D prov.(mm)
P1 3.6 5 1.39 36 85 106 150
P2 5 5 1 40 107 128 150
P3 5 5 1 40 107 128 150
P4 5 5 1 40 107 128 150
Dead Load
*For the roof slabs with 150mm thickness
Material Thickness Unit weight Dead Load
(mm) (KN/m3) (KN/m2)
Light weight concrete 30 20 0.6
R.C. slab 150 25 3.75
Plastering (ceiling) 20 23 0.46
Total 4.81
6
P1
 It is categorized as H, which is not accessible except for normal
maintenance, repair, painting and minor repair on EBCS 1,
1995. Live load for category H is 0.5 KN/ m2.
LX=3.6m
LY=5m
Live load=0.5 KN/ m2
Load from the slab=4.81KN/ m2
 The design load is
Pd= 1.3* 4.81+ 1.6*.5= 7.05 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.39
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.075 Mxs = 6.85 KNm
αxf = 0.055 Mxf = 5.03 KNm
αys= 0.047 Mys = 4.29 KNm
αyf = 0.036 Myf =3.29 KNm
7
P2
LX=5m
LY=5m
Pd= 1.3* 4.81+ 1.6*.5= 7.05 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
=1
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.047 Mxs = 8.28 KNm
αxf = 0.036 Mxf = 6.35 KNm
αys= 0.047 Mys = 8.28 KNm
αyf = 0.036 Myf = 6.35 KNm
P3
8
LX=5m
LY=5m
Pd= 1.3* 4.81+ 1.6*.5= 7.05 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
=1
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.039 Mxs = 6.87 KNm
αxf = 0.03 Mxf = 5.29 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 6.87 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 5.29 KNm
P4
LX=5m
LY=5m
Live load=0.5KN/m2
Load from the slab=4.81KN/m2
Pd= 1.3*4.81 + 1.6*0.5 =7.05 KN/m2
Ly
Lx
= 1
Case1:- when the left support is discontinuous

a) When the right support is discontinuous
9
αxs= 0 αxf=0.044
αys =0.058 αyf = 0.044
1 .4
*Proportioned α by factor of = (1.4  3.6) =0.28
*The new α
αxs= 0 αxf=0.012
αys =0.016 αyf =0.012
b) When the right support is continuous
αxs= 0.047 αxf=0.036
αys =0.047 αyf =0.036
1 .4
*Proportioning α by factor of = (1.4  3.6) =0.72
*The new α coefficient is
αxs= 0.034 αxf=0.026
αys =0.034 αyf =0.026
**Sum of the new coefficients in steps a&b is
αxs= 0.034 αxf=0.038
αys =0.05 αyf =0.038
Case2:- when the left support is continuous

a) When the right support is discontinuous
αxs= 0.047 αxf=0.036
αys =0.047 αyf =0.036
1 .4
*The new α
αxs=0.013 αxf=0.01
αys =0.013 αyf =0.01
b) When the right support is continuous

αxs= 0.039 αxf=0.029
αys =0.039 αyf =0.029
3 .6
*Proportion α by factor of = (1.4  3.6) =0.72
αxs= 0.028 αxf=0.021
αys =0.021 αyf =0.021
**Sum of the new coefficients in steps a&b is
αxs=0.041 αxf=0.031
αys =0.041 αyf =0.031
Finally multiply α coefficient of case1& case2 by ratio of
1.4
1) (1.4  3.6) =0.28
3.6
2) (1.4  3.6) =0.72 respectively and summing up
10
αxs=0.28*0.034+0.72*0.041=0.039
αxf = 0.28*0.038+0.72*0.031=0.033
αys = 0.28*0.05+0.72*0.041=0.043
αyf =0.28*0.038+0.72*0.031=0.033
M=α*Pd*Lx2
Mxs =6.87 KNm
Mxf =5.82 KNm
Mys =7.58 KNm
Myf =5.82 KNm
Md 7.6 *106
Check depth d= .2952df cd
= =47+15+6=68<150----ok!
.2952 *1000 *11 .33
The slab is singly reinforced.
1.25  2M U  0.5
ρ= 1  1  2  , ρmin = f yk
m  bd f cd 
ρmin= 0.00167
Asmin= 216.667
use Φ8= 232.154
provide Φ8 C/C 230 `
panel moment(KNm) d(mm)  As(mm2) spacing req.(mm) spacing pro. As,pro(mm2)
P1 Mxf 5.03 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
11
Myf 3.29 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 7.57 130 0.00175 227.821Ø8C/C 220.79 220 228.64
Mys 5.94 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
P2 Mxf 6.81 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 6.81 120 0.00185 222.288Ø8C/C 226.28 220 228.64
Mxs 7.6 130 0.00176 228.743Ø8C/C 219.90 210 239.52
Mys 7.57 120 0.00206 247.713Ø8C/C 203.06 200 251.50
P3 Mxf 5.29 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 5.29 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 7.6 130 0.00176 228.743Ø8C/C 219.90 210 239.52
Mys 6.87 120 0.00187 224.291Ø8C/C 224.26 220 228.64
P4 Mxf 7.57 130 0.00175 227.821Ø8C/C 220.79 220 228.64
Myf 5.94 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 5.94 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Mys 6.87 120 0.00187 224.291Ø8C/C 224.26 220 228.64
3.2 GROUND FLOOR

 fyk  Le
d=  0.4  0.6 400  a , fyk=300Mpa,  12mm bar
 
Panel Lx (m) Ly (m) Ly/Lx a d(mm) D(mm) D prov.(mm)
P7 3.6 4 1.11 39 78.5 99 150
P8 4 5 1.25 42.5 80.0 101 150
P9 3 5 1.67 33.3 76.6 98 150
P10 2.76 5 1.81 31.9 73.5 95 150
P11 2.5 5 2.00 30 70.8 92 150
P12 2.25 4 1.78 32.2 59.4 80 150
12
P13 3.5 3.6 1.03 40 74.4 95 150
P14 3.5 5 1.43 35.7 83.3 104 150
P15 3.6 5 1.39 36 85.0 106 150
P16 5 5 1.00 45 94.4 115 150
P17 5 5 1.00 40 106.3 127 150
C1 1.3 110.5 132 150
P7
 Shopping area belongs to category D on EBCS 1, 1995. Live
load for category D is 5KN/ m 2 and partition wall of 1KN/m 2 as
Live load.
LX=3.6m
LY=4m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Partition wall = 1KN/m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.14
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.052 Mxs = 11.44 KNm
αxf = 0.038 Mxf = 8.36 KNm
13
αys= 0.039 Mys = 8.58 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 6.7 KNm
P8
Live load.
LX=4m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.25
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.044 Mxs = 11.95 KNm
αxf = 0.034 Mxf = 9.23 KNm
αys= 0.032 Mys = 8.69 KNm
αyf = 0.024 Myf = 6.5 KNm
P9
Live load.
14
LX=3m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.67
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.079 Mxs = 12.07 KNm
αxf = 0.059 Mxf = 9.01KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 5.96 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 4.58 KNm
P10
Live load.
LX=2.76m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
15
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.81
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.084 Mxs = 10.86 KNm
αxf = 0.063 Mxf = 8.14KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 5.04 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 3.88 KNm
P11
Live load.
LX=2.5m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
=2
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.089 Mxs = 9.44 KNm
αxf = 0.067 Mxf = 7.1 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 4.14 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 3.18 KNm
P12
Live load.
16
LX=2.25m
LY=4m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.78
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.083 Mxs = 7.13 KNm
αxf = 0.063 Mxf = 5.41 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 3.35 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 2.58 KNm
P13
Live load.
LX=3.5m
LY=3.6m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
17
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.03
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.039 Mxs = 8.1 KNm
αxf = 0.029 Mxf = 6.03 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 8.1 KNm
αyf = 0.029 Myf = 6.03 KNm
P14
Live load.
LX=3.5m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.43
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.051 Mxs = 10.6 KNm
αxf = 0.038 Mxf = 8 KNm
αys= 0.032 Mys = 6.65 KNm
αyf = 0.024 Myf = 5 KNm
18
P15
Live load.
LX=3.6m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.39
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.067 Mxs = 14.74 KNm
αxf = 0.051 Mxf = 11.22 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 8.58 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 6.6 KNm
P16
Live load.
19
LX=5m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
=1
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.032 Mxs = 13.58 KNm
αxf = 0.024 Mxf = 10.18 KNm
αys= 0.032 Mys = 13.58 KNm
αyf = 0.024 Myf = 10.18 KNm
P17
Live load.
LX=5m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
20
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
=1
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.039 Mxs = 16.55 KNm
αxf = 0.03 Mxf = 12.73 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 16.55 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 12.73 KNm
The irregular slab is approximated by rectangle
LX=2.1m
LY=3.2m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
=1
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.0645 Mxs = 4.83 KNm
αxf = 0.062 Mxf = 4.64 KNm
αys= 0.047 Mys = 3.52 KNm
αyf = 0.036 Myf = 2.69 KNm
The cantilever part

The cantilever part is loaded with 16.97KN/m per meter width.
21
Adjusted span and support moment
Md 7.6 *106
= =66.8+15+6=87.6<150--ok!
.2952 *1000 *11 .33
1.25  2M U  0.5
ρ= 1  1  2  , ρ min= f
m  bd f cd  yk
Design of two way slab

ρmin= 0.00167
Asmin= 216.667
use Φ8= 232.154
22
`
provide Φ8 C/C 230
P7 Mxf 8.38 130 0.00194 252.768Ø8C/C 199.00 190 264.74
Myf 6.7 120 0.00182 218.619Ø8C/C 230.08 230 218.70
Mxs 9.98 130 0.00233 302.388Ø8C/C 166.34 160 314.38
Mys(L) 8.58 120 0.00235 281.704Ø10C/C 178.56 170 295.88
MyS(R) 10.18 120 0.0028 336.04Ø10C/C 233.61 230 341.30
P8 Mxf 9.52 130 0.00222 288.08Ø8C/C 174.61 170 295.88
Myf 6.79 120 0.00185 221.62Ø8C/C 226.96 220 228.64
Mxs(L) 12.77 130 0.003 390.03Ø10C/C 201.26 200 392.50
Mxs(R) 13.23 130 0.00311 404.62Ø10C/C 194.01 190 413.16
Mys(T) 9.98 120 0.00274 329.21Ø10C/C 238.45 230 341.30
Mys(B) 8.13 120 0.00222 266.53Ø8C/C 188.72 180 279.44
P9 Mxf 9.14 130 0.00213 276.28Ø8C/C 182.06 180 279.44
Myf 4.61 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 14.83 130 0.00351 455.70Ø10C/C 172.26 170 461.76
Mys(L) 5.96 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
MyS(R) 5.5 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
P10 Mxf 8.25 130 0.00191 248.76Ø8C/C 202.21 200 251.50
Myf 3.91 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 14.52 130 0.00343 445.76Ø10C/C 176.10 170 461.76
Mys(L) 5.5 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
MyS(R) 4.59 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
P11 Mxf 7.19 130 0.00167 217.10Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 3.2 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 11.51 130 0.00269 350.27Ø10C/C 224.11 220 356.82
Mys(L) 4.59 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
MyS(R) 3.74 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
P12 Mxf 5.41 130 0.00167 217.10Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 2.58 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 8.13 130 0.00189 245.06Ø8C/C 205.26 200 251.50
Mys(L) 3.74 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
MyS(R) 6.56 120 0.00178 213.95Ø8C/C 235.10 230 218.70
P13 Mxf 6.3 130 0.00167 217.10Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 6.23 120 0.00169 202.97Ø8C/C 247.82 230 218.70
Mxs(L) 10.55 130 0.00246 320.18Ø10C/C 245.18 240 327.08
Mxs(R) 8.34 130 0.00193 251.53Ø8C/C 199.97 190 264.74
Mys 7.38 120 0.00201 241.34Ø8C/C 208.42 200 251.50
P14 Mxf 8 130 0.00185 241.05Ø8C/C 208.67 200 251.50
23
218.70
Myf 5 120 0.00167 200.40Ø8C/C 251.00 230
Mxs(L) 12.33 130 0.00289 376.11Ø10C/C 208.71 200 392.50
Mxs(R) 12.09 130 0.00283 368.54Ø10C/C 213.00 210 373.81
Mys(T) 7.38 120 0.00201 241.34Ø8C/C 208.42 200 251.50
Mys(B) 6.65 120 0.00181 216.95Ø8C/C 231.85 230 218.70
P15 Mxf 11.22 130 0.00262 341.16Ø10C/C 230.10 230 341.30
Myf 6.6 120 0.00179 215.29Ø8C/C 233.64 230 218.70
Mys(L) 8.58 120 0.00235 281.70Ø8C/C 178.56 170 295.88
MyS(R) 8.58 120 0.00235 281.70Ø8C/C 178.56 170 295.88
Mxs 14.16 130 0.00334 434.25Ø10C/C 180.77 180 436.11
P16(L) Mxf 10.5 130 0.00245 318.61Ø8C/C 157.87 150 335.33
Myf 10.47 120 0.00288 345.95Ø10C/C 226.91 220 356.82
Mxs(L) 12.09 130 0.00283 368.54Ø10C/C 213.00 210 373.81
Mxs(R) 14.94 130 0.00353 459.23Ø10C/C 170.94 170 461.76
Mys(T) 14.16 120 0.00395 473.89Ø10C/C 165.65 160 490.63
Mys(B) 14.83 120 0.00415 497.49Ø10C/C 157.79 150 523.33
P16(R) Mxf 10.7 130 0.0025 324.87Ø8C/C 154.83 150 335.33
Myf 10.56 120 0.00291 349.03Ø10C/C 224.91 220 356.82
Mxs(L) 14.94 130 0.00353 459.23Ø10C/C 170.94 170 461.76
Mxs(R) 12.77 130 0.003 390.03Ø10C/C 201.26 200 392.50
Mys(T) 14.16 120 0.00395 473.89Ø10C/C 165.65 160 490.63
Mys(B) 11.51 120 0.00318 381.67Ø10C/C 205.68 200 392.50
P17 Mxf 11.63 130 0.00272 354.05Ø10C/C 221.72 220 356.82
Myf 11.63 120 0.00322 385.80Ø10C/C 203.47 200 392.50
Mxs(L) 14.97 130 0.00354 460.19Ø10C/C 170.58 170 461.76
Mxs(R) 14.97 130 0.00354 460.19Ø10C/C 170.58 170 461.76
Mys 14.52 120 0.00405 486.56Ø10C/C 161.34 160 490.63
C1 Msd(1) 10.18 130 0.00237 308.62Ø8C/C 162.98 160 314.38

Msd(2) 13.23 130 0.00311 404.62Ø10C/C 194.01 190 413.16
Msd(3) 6.56 130 0.00167 217.10Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
C2 Msd(1) 10.55 130 0.00246 320.18Ø8C/C 157.10 150 335.33

Msd(2) 12.33 130 0.00289 376.11Ø10C/C 208.71 200 392.50
3.3 MEZZANINE FLOOR
24
 fyk  Le
d=  0.4  0.6 400  a , fyk=300Mpa,  12mm bar
 
Panel Lx (m) Ly (m) Ly/Lx a d(mm) D(mm) D prov.(mm)
P7 3.6 4 1.11 39 78.5 99 150
P18 3.6 5 1.39 36 85.0 106 150
P19 3.6 5 1.39 36 85.0 106 150
P20 1.75 2.08 1.19 38.1 39.0 60 150
P21 2.08 4 1.92 30.8 57.4 78 150
P18
Live load.
LX=3.6m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.39
25
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0 Mxs = 0 KNm
αxf = 0.077 Mxf = 16.93 KNm
αys= 0.058 Mys = 12.76 KNm
αyf = 0.044 Myf = 9.68 KNm
P19
Live load.
LX=3.6m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.39
Case 1:- When the bottom support is discontinuous
αxs= 0 αxf=0.071
αys =0.045 αyf = 0.034
3.25
*The new α
αxs= 0 αxf=0.046
αys =0.029 αyf =0.022
26
Case 2 :- When the bottom support is continuous
αxs= 0.067 αxf=0.051
αys =0.039 αyf =0.03
1.75
*Proportioning α by factor of = (3.25  1.75) =0.35
αxs= 0.023 αxf=0.018
αys =0.014 αyf =0.01
**Sum of the new coefficients in steps 1&2 is
αxs= 0.023 αxf=0.064
αys =0.043 αyf =0.032
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.023 Mxs = 5.06 KNm
αxf = 0.064 Mxf = 14.08 KNm
αys= 0.043 Mys = 9.46 KNm
αyf = 0.032 Myf = 7.04KNm
P20
Live load.
LX=1.75m
LY=2.08m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.19
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.062 Mxs = 3.22KNm
27
αxf = 0.047 Mxf = 2.44 KNm
αys= 0.047 Mys = 2.44 KNm
αyf = 0.036 Myf = 1.87 KNm
P21
Live load.
LX=2.08m
LY=4m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.92
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.087 Mxs = 6.39KNm
αxf = 0.065 Mxf = 4.77 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 2.86 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 2.2 KNm
The cantilever part

The cantilever part is loaded with 16.97KN/m per meter width.
28
Md 7.6 *106
= =77.1+15+6=98.1<150---
.2952 *1000 *11 .33
ok!
1.25  2M U  0.5
ρ= 1  1  2 , ρmin= f yk
m  bd f cd 
Design of two way slab

ρmin= 0.00167
Asmin= 216.667
use Φ8= 232.154
P1 Mxf 5.03 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 3.29 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 7.57 130 0.00175 227.821Ø8C/C 220.79 220 228.64
29
Mys 5.94 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
P2 Mxf 6.81 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 6.81 120 0.00185 222.288Ø8C/C 226.28 220 228.64
Mxs 7.6 130 0.00176 228.743Ø8C/C 219.90 210 239.52
Mys 7.57 120 0.00206 247.713Ø8C/C 203.06 200 251.50
P3 Mxf 5.29 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 5.29 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 7.6 130 0.00176 228.743Ø8C/C 219.90 210 239.52
Mys 6.87 120 0.00187 224.291Ø8C/C 224.26 220 228.64
P4 Mxf 7.57 130 0.00175 227.821Ø8C/C 220.79 220 228.64
Myf 5.94 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 5.94 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Mys 6.87 120 0.00187 224.291Ø8C/C 224.26 220 228.64
P7 Mxf 9.41 130 0.00219 284.658Ø8C/C 176.70 170 295.88
Myf 7.8 120 0.00213 255.433Ø8C/C 196.92 190 264.74
Mxs 8.24 130 0.00191 248.448Ø8C/C 202.46 200 251.50
Mys(L) 9.02 120 0.00247 296.586Ø8C/C 169.60 160 314.38
Mys(R) 14.91 120 0.00417 500.32Ø10C/C 156.90 150 523.33
P18 Mxf 16.93 130 0.00403 523.501Ø10C/C 149.95 140 560.71
Myf 9.68 120 0.00266 318.993Ø8C/C 157.68 150 335.33
Mys 12.76 120 0.00354 424.947Ø10C/C 184.73 180 436.11
P19 Mxf 14.92 130 0.00353 458.584Ø10C/C 171.18 170 461.76
Myf 7.74 120 0.00211 253.418Ø8C/C 198.49 190 264.74
Mxs 3.4 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Mys(L) 9.46 120 0.0026 311.513Ø8C/C 161.47 160 314.38
Mys(R) 9.02 120 0.00247 296.586Ø8C/C 169.60 160 314.38
P20 Mxf 2.5 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 1.94 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 3.04 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Mys 3.4 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
P21 Mxf 4.8 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 2.2 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 8.24 130 0.00191 248.448Ø8C/C 202.46 200 251.50
Mys(L) 3.04 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(R) 13.5 120 0.00376 450.754Ø10C/C 174.15 170 461.76
C1 Msd(1) 14.91 130 0.00353 458.264Ø10C/C 171.30 170 461.76

Msd(2) 13.5 130 0.00318 413.208Ø10C/C 189.98 180 436.11
3.4 RIBBED SLAB (1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th floor)

30
Slab layout
Three typical sections are taken on the ribbed slab section layout.
Ribbed slab cross section
Depth determination according EBCS 2

HCB used
31
1/10 of clear spacing = 1/10(300mm) =30mm
Topping thickness =
40mm
Take bf=40mm
Rib spacing = 400mm<1000mm--------ok!

Rib width = 100mm>70mm------ok!
Section 1-1
 fyk  Le
d>  0.4  0.6 400  a from EBCS 2 part 1
 
End span
Le=3600mm & Ba=24
 300  3600
d=  0.4  0.6 * 400  =127.5
  24
Interior span
Le=5000mm & Ba=28
 300  5000
d=  0.4  0.6 * 400  =152
  28
Section 2-2
End span
Le=3000mm & Ba=24
 300  3000
d=  0.4  0.6 *  =156
 400  24
Section 3-3
End span
Le=5000mm & Ba=24
 300  5000
d=  0.4  0.6 *  =177
 400  24
Take d=177
D= d + cover + Φ/2
D= 177+15+12/2=198
Take D=250mm
At support rectangular section
32
At span T-section is considered
Check T-section
Msd=15.21KN/m
1.25  2M U 
ρ= 1  1  2  =.0029
m  bd f cd 
X=rmd=19.02 -----------a=0.8* x=15.21<40----rectangular section
LOADING ON THE RIBBED SLAB
HCB load in KN/m=10*[.03*.4+.03*.3+3*.18*.03]=.37KN/m
Material γ (KN/m3) Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Loading (KN/m)

Marble chips 27 20 400 0.22
Cement screed 23 40 400 0.37
RC over top flange 25 40 400 0.4
RC web 25 210 100 0.53
HCB 10 0.37
Plastering & painting 23 20 400 0.18
Sum 2.07

load for category D is 5KN/ m2 and partition wall of 1KN/m2 as
Live load.
Live load=5 KN/ m2*.4m=2KN/m

Load from the slab=2.07KN/ m
Partition wall = 1KN/m2*.4m=.4KN/m
 The total design load is
33
Pd= 1.3* 2.07 + 1.6*(2+0.4) = 6.53 KN/ m
 The design dead load is
Pd= 1.3* 2.07 = 2.69 KN/ m
Different loading cases
34
Moment and shear envelopment
35
Moment at support taken as d distance from face of support (0.378m)
36
DESIGN OF RIBBED SLAB
fcd= 11.33 be= 400
fyd= 260.84 bw= 100
m= 28.76 d= 228
Md= 15.21
check depth d= 213.2512-----singly reinforced!
section Msd(sup.) Msd(span) ρ As BARSф NObar NObar(prov.)

s 1-1 9.69 0.00786 179.25 ф12 1.59 2
6.8 0.00535 121.91 ф10 1.55 2
8.01 0.00167 152.30 ф10 1.94 2
6.98 0.00167 152.30 ф10 1.35 3
s 2-2 7.95 0.00633 144.26 ф10 1.85 2
7.49 0.00593 135.25 ф10 1.73 2
6.91 0.00167 152.30 ф10 1.95 2
9.96 0.00188 171.28 ф12 1.52 2
4.41 0.00167 152.30 ф12 1.95 2
s 3-3 10.78 0.00886 201.95 ф12 1.79 3
15.21 0.00290 264.75 ф12 2.34 3
check up for shear reinforcement

section shear ρ K1 K2 vc check
s 1-1 supp-1 15.19 0.0079 1.395 1.83 17.02496no
supp-2 13.4 0.0054 1.27 1.83 15.49942no
supp-3 7.11 1 1.83 12.20427no
s 2-2 supp-1 7.06 1 1.83 12.20427no
supp-2 14.59 0.0063 1.315 1.83 16.04862no
supp-3 14.27 0.0059 1.295 1.83 15.80453no
supp-4 5.21 1 1.83 12.20427no
s 3-3 supp-1 11.97 1 1.83 12.20427no
supp-2 18.21 0.0089 1.445 1.83 17.63517no
supp-3 3.72 1 1.83 12.20427no
3.5 THE 6TH FLOOR SLAB

It is a combination of ribbed and solid slab.
37
The ribbed slab part
The ribbed slab section taken in two different parts(section 1-1and section 2-2)
Different loading cases
Moment & shear envelopment

Section 1-1
38
DESIGN OF RIBBED SLAB
fcd= 11.33 be= 400

39
fyd= 260.84 bw= 100
m= 28.76 d= 228
Md= 12.95
check depth d= 196.7713-----singly reinforced!
section Msd(sup.) Msd(span) ρ As BARSф NObar NObar(prov.)

s 1-1 9.69 0.00786 179.25 ф12 1.59 2
6.8 0.00535 121.91 ф10 1.55 2
8.01 0.00167 152.30 ф10 1.94 2
6.98 0.00167 152.30 ф10 1.94 2
s 2-2 12.95 0.01093 249.22 ф12 2.21 3
11.58 0.00219 199.87 ф10 2.55 3
check up for shear reinforcement
section shear ρ K1 K2 vc check

s 1-1 supp-1 15.19 0.0079 1.395 1.83 17.02496no
supp-2 13.4 0.0054 1.27 1.83 15.49942no
supp-3 7.11 1 1.83 12.20427no
s 2-2 supp-1 17.86 0.01 1.5 2.83 28.30991no
supp-2 9.85 1 3.83 25.54227no
The solid slab part

P5
Live load.
LX=3.6m
LY=3.5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
40
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.03
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0 Mxs = 0 KNm
αxf = 0.044 Mxf = 9.15 KNm
αys= 0.058 Mys = 12.06 KNm
αyf = 0.044 Myf = 9.15 KNm
P6
Live load.
LX=3.5m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.43
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0 Mxs = 0 KNm
αxf = 0.074 Mxf = 15.38 KNm
αys= 0.045 Mys = 9.35 KNm
αyf = 0.034 Myf = 7.07 KNm
P22
Live load.
41
LX=3.6m
LY=4m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.11
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.056 Mxs = 12.32 KNm
αxf = 0.045 Mxf = 9.89 KNm
αys= 0.047 Mys = 10.34 KNm
αyf = 0.036 Myf = 7.92 KNm
P22
Live load.
LX=4m
LY=5m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
42
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.25
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.059 Mxs = 16.02 KNm
αxf = 0.066 Mxf = 17.92 KNm
αys= 0.039 Mys = 10.59 KNm
αyf = 0.03 Myf = 8.15 KNm
 The curved part is approximated by square
LX=3.2m
LY=3.2m
Live load=5 KN/ m2
Pd= 1.3* 5.67 + 1.6*6= 16.97 KN/ m2
Ly
Lx
= 1.25
M=α*Pd*Lx2
αxs= 0.047 Mxs = 8.17 KNm
αxf = 0.036 Mxf = 6.26 KNm
αys= 0.047 Mys = 8.17 KNm
αyf = 0.036 Myf = 6.26 KNm
Design of the solid way slab

ρmin= 0.00167
Asmin= 216.667
use Φ8= 232.154
43
P5 Mxf 9.56 130 0.00223 289.318Ø8C/C 173.86 170 295.88
Myf 9.4 120 0.00258 309.475Ø8C/C 162.53 160 314.38
Mys 10.92 120 0.00301 361.371Ø10C/C 217.23 210 373.81
P6 Mxf 15.38 130 0.00364 473.369Ø10C/C 165.83 160 490.63
Myf 7.07 120 0.00192 230.972Ø8C/C 217.78 210 239.52
Mys(T) 10.92 120 0.00301 361.371Ø10C/C 217.23 210 373.81
Mys(B) 9.35 120 0.00256 307.777Ø8C/C 163.43 160 314.38
P9 Mxf 9.14 130 0.00213 276.28Ø8C/C 182.06 180 279.44
Myf 4.62 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(L) 5.96 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(R) 5.5 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 13.45 130 0.00317 411.618Ø10C/C 190.71 190 413.16
P10 Mxf 8.26 130 0.00192 249.065Ø8C/C 201.96 200 251.50
Myf 3.91 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(L) 5.5 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(R) 4.59 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 14.27 130 0.00337 437.765Ø10C/C 179.32 170 461.76
P11 Mxf 7.19 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 3.2 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(L) 4.59 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(R) 3.75 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mxs 11.51 130 0.00269 350.272Ø10C/C 224.11 220 356.82
P12 Mxf 5.41 130 0.00167 217.1Ø8C/C 231.69 230 218.70
Myf 2.58 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(L) 3.75 120 0.00167 200.4Ø8C/C 251.00 230 218.70
Mys(R) 11.72 120 0.00324 388.91Ø10C/C 201.85 200 392.50
Mxs 8.13 130 0.00189 245.056Ø8C/C 205.26 200 251.50
P22 Mxf 10.16 130 0.00237 307.999Ø8C/C 163.31 160 314.38
Myf 8.24 120 0.00225 270.236Ø8C/C 186.13 180 279.44
Mxs 11.46 130 0.00268 348.7Ø10C/C 225.12 220 356.82
Mys 11.38 120 0.00314 377.187Ø10C/C 208.12 200 392.50
P23 Mxf 9.52 130 0.00222 288.075Ø8C/C 174.61 170 295.88
Myf 6.79 120 0.00185 221.621Ø8C/C 226.96 220 228.64
Mxs 15.26 130 0.00361 469.508Ø10C/C 167.20 160 314.38
Mys(T) 11.46 120 0.00317 379.943Ø10C/C 206.61 200 392.50
Mys(B) 8.13 120 0.00222 266.531Ø8C/C 188.72 180 279.44
C1 Msd(1) 11.38 130 0.00266 346.187Ø10C/C 226.76 220 356.82

Msd(2) 15.26 130 0.00361 469.508Ø10C/C 167.20 160 490.63
Msd(3) 11.72 130 0.00275 356.878Ø10C/C 219.96 210 373.81
44
3.6 BASEMENT FLOOR
The basement floor slab which is supported on the ground and
which will be constructed without attachment to the grade beams shall
have a depth of 150mm and a minimum reinforcement of 8 c/c 300mm
bars in both directions. The reinforcement mesh should be provided on
both the top and bottom faces with the usual 15mm concrete cover. The
top mesh is provided to resist the inverted moments, which result from
moving concentrated wheel loads as the basement serves as a parking lot.
4. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

4.1 ANALYSIS of STAIR CASE 1
45
1) Depth from serviceability
Steel grade of 400 used.
fyk
d= (0.4+0.6 400 )*Le/βa
=1*900/20=45mm
D=45+15+16/2=68mm
Take D=70mm
2) Dead load
*Dead load of the stair
 For 1m strip
A1=0.07m* 0.3
2
m=0.028m2
 0..255 2
A2=0.5*0.255*0.3=0.038m2
Total A=0.028+0.038=0.066 m2
-RC=0.066*25=1.65KN
-marble=(0.3+0.255)*0.03*27=0.45KN
-plastering=0.02*0.394*23=0.181KN
-screed=0.03*(0.3+0.255)*23=0.383KN
Total DL=2.664KN
46
-UD dead load=2.664/0.3=8.88KN/m
3) Analysis
*design load
-stair, w=1.3*8.88+1.6*3=16.344 KN/m
*max. Span moment is

mf=1.655KNm
*support reactions
RA=7.35KN
RB=7.35KN

fyk
d= (0.4+0.6 400 )*Le/βa
=1*3600/20=180mm
D=180+15+16/2=203mm
Take D=210mm
2) Dead load
47
 For 1m strip
A1=0.21m* 0.28
2
m=0.069m2
 0.1712
A2=0.5*0.171*0.28=0.024m2
Total A=0.069+0.024=0.093 m2
-RC=0.093*25=2.325KN
-marble=(0.28+0.171)*0.03*27=0.365KN
-plastering=0.02*0.33*23=0.152KN
-screed=0.03*(0.28+0.171)*23=0.31KN
Total DL=3.152KN
*Dead load from landing
-RC=0.21*25=5.25KN/m
-marble=0.03*27=0.81 KN/m
-screed=0.02*23=0.46 KN/m
-plastering=0.02*23=0.46 KN/m
Total =6.98 KN/m
3) Analysis
*design load
-landing, w=1.3*6.98+1.6*3=13.874 KN/m
-stair, w=1.3*10.5+1.6*3=18.45 KN/m
Part-1
48
m

mf=17.31KNm
*support reactions
RA=25.28KN
RB=25.28KN
Part-2

mf=35.01KNm
*support reactions
RA=32.41KN
RB=54.20KN
49
fyk
d= (0.4+0.6 400 )*Le/βa
=1*3600/20=180mm
D=180+15+16/2=203mm
Take D=210mm
2) Dead load
 For 1m strip
A1=0.21m* 0.3  0.171 m=0.073m2
2 2
A2=0.5*0.171*0.3=0.026m2
Total A=0.073+0.026=0.1m2
-RC=0.1*25=2.5KN
-marble=(0.3+0.171)*0.03*27=0.382KN
-plastering=0.02*0.345*23=0.16KN
-screed=0.03*(0.3+0.171)*23=0.325KN
Total DL=3.4KN
50
-RC=0.21*25=5.25KN/m
-marble=0.03*27=0.81 KN/m
-screed=0.02*23=0.46 KN/m
Total =6.98 KN/m
3) Analysis
*design load
-landing, w=1.3*6.98+1.6*3=13.874 KN/m
-stair, w=1.3*11.33+1.6*3=19.53 KN/m
Part-1

mf=31.64KNm
*support reactions
RA=35.15KN
RB=35.15KN
Part-2

mf=29.25KNm
*support reactions
RA=33.83KN
RB=29.13KN
51
fyk
d= (0.4+0.6 400 )*Le/βa
=1*5000/24=208.3mm
D=208.3+15+16/2=231.3mm
Take D=240mm
 For 1m strip
A1=0.24m* 0.3  0.176 m=0.083m2
2 2
A2=0.5*0.176*0.3=0.0264m2
Total A=0.083+0.0264=0.11m2
-RC=0.11*25=2.75KN
-marble=(0.3+0.176)*0.03*27=0.386KN
-plastering=0.02*0.348*23=0.16KN
-screed=0.03*(0.3+0.176)*23=0.328KN
52
Total DL=3.624KN
-UD dead load=3.624/0.3=12.08KN/m

-RC=0.24*25=6KN/m
-marble=0.03*27=0.81 KN/m
-screed=0.02*23=0.46 KN/m
Total =7.73 KN/m
3) Analysis
*design load
-landing, w=1.3*7.73+1.6*3=14.84 KN/m
-stair, w=1.3*12.08+1.6*3=20.504 KN/m
Part-1

mf=28.56KNm
*support reactions
RA=31.53KN
RB=31.53KN
Part-2
2 0 . 5 0 4 K N/
53
mf=31.18KNm
*max. Support moment is
ms=75.01KNm
*support reactions
RA=36.38KN
RB=86.34KN

fyk
d= (0.4+0.6 400 )*Le/βa
=1*1400/20=70mm
D=70+15+16/2=93mm
Take D=100mm
A1
 For 1m strip
A1=0.1* 0.3  0.176 m=0.033m2
2 2
A2=0.5*0.1*0.28=0.014m2
Total A=0.033+0.014=0.047m2
-RC=0.047*25=1.175KN
-marble=(0.28+0.17)*0.03*27=0.365KN
-plastering=0.02*0.33*23=0.152KN
-screed=0.03*(0.28+0.17)*23=0.31KN
Total DL=2KN
54
-UD dead load=2/0.3=6.67KN/m

-RC=0.1*25=2.5KN/m
-marble=0.03*27=0.81 KN/m
-screed=0.02*23=0.46 KN/m
Total =4.23 KN/m
3) Analysis
*design load
-landing, w=1.3*4.23+1.6*3=10.3 KN/m
-stair, w=1.3*6.67+1.6*3=13.47 KN/m
13 .4 7 K N/ m
10 .3 KN/ m
max. Span moment is

mf=2.77KNm
*support reactions
RA=8.01KN
RB=9.07KN
Design stair case

ρmin= 0.00125
panel moment d(mm)  As(mm2) spacing req.(mm) spacing pro. sec.rein. spacing pro.(mm)
STAIR#1 Mf 1.655 47 0.003 139.771Ø8C/C 359.874 350 28.74286Ø8C/C 350
STAIR#2-1 Mf 17.31 107 0.0062 668.195Ø12C/C 169.112 160 141.25Ø8C/C 350
STAIR#2-2 Mf 35.01 107 0.014 1494.64Ø16C/C 134.481 130 309.2308Ø8C/C 160
STAIR#3-1 Mf 31.64 192 0.0034 657.652Ø12C/C 171.823 170 132.9412Ø8C/C 350
STAIR#3-2 Mf 29.25 192 0.0032 606.022Ø12C/C 184.812 180 125.5556Ø8C/C 350
STAIR#4-1 Mf 28.56 217 0.0024 518.81Ø10C/C 151.308 150 104.6667Ø8C/C 350
55
STAIR#4-2 Mf 31.18 217 0.0026 567.926Ø10C/C 138.222 130 120.7692Ø8C/C 350
Ms 75.01 217 0.0066 1434.23Ø16C/C 140.187 140 287.1429Ø8C/C 170
STAIR#5 Mf 2.77 77 0.0018 140.871Ø8C/C 357.063 350 28.74286Ø8C/C 350
LOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM

ROOF SLAB
slab Lx(m) Ly(m) Ly/Lx Design load (KNm) shear force coefficient Shear,v(KNm)
P1 3.6 5 1.38 7.05 βvxc 0.502 12.74
βvxd 0.338 8.58
βvyc 0.4 10.15
βvyd 0.24 6.6
P2 5 5 1 7.05 βvxc 0.4 14.1
βvxd 0.26 9.17
βvyc 0.4 14.1
βvyd 0.26 9.17
P3 5 5 1 7.05 βvxc 0.36 12.69
βvxd 0.24 8.46
βvxc 0.36 12.69
βvyd 0 0
P4 5 5 1 7.05 βvxc 0.348 12.27
βvxd 0.253 8.92
βvyc 0.383 13.5
βvyd 0.128 4.5
SIX FLOOR
P5 3.5 3.6 1.03 16.97 βvxc 0 0
βvxd 0.3 17.82
βvyc 0.45 26.73
βvyd 0.3 17.82
P6 3.5 5 1.43 16.97 βvxc 0 0
βvxd 0.39 23.16
βvyc 0.4 23.76
βvyd 0 0
C 3.2 3.5 1.1 16.97 βvxc 0.44 23.89
βvxd 0.29 15.75
βvyc 0.4 21.72
βvyd 0.26 14.12
P9 3 5 1.67 16.97 βvxc 0 0
βvxd 0.43 21.89
56
βvyc 0.4 20.36
βvyd 0 0
P10 2.76 5 1.81 16.97 βvxc 0 0
βvxd 0.45 21.1
βvyc 0.4 18.73
βvyd 0 0
P11 2.5 5 2 16.97 βvxc 0 0
βvxd 0.47 20
βvyc 0.4 16.97
βvyd 0 0
P12 2.25 4 1.78 16.97 βvxc 0.56 21.38
βvxd 0.362 13.82
βvyc 0.36 13.75
βvyd 0 0
P22 3.6 4 1.1 16.97 βvxc 0.44 27.25
βvxd 0.29 17.96
βvyc 0.4 24.4
βvyd 0.26 15.9
P23 4 5 1.25 16.97 βvxc 0.47 31.9
βvxd 0.3 20.4
βvyc 0.36 24.4
βvyd 0 0

GROUND FLOOR
P7 3.6 4 1.1 16.97 βvxc 0.404 24.68
βvxd 0.272 16.6
βvyc 0.36 22
βvyd 0 0
P8 4 5 1.25 16.97 βvxc 0.4 27.1
βvxd 22.4
βvyc 0.33 22.4
βvyd 27.1
P9 3 5 1.25 16.97 βvxc 0.54 27.49
βvxd 0.354 18.3
βvyc 0.36 18.3
βvyd 0 0
P10 2.76 5 1.81 16.97 βvxc 0.56 26.2
βvxd 0.36 16.86
βvyc 0.36 16.86
βvyd 0 0
P11 2.5 5 2 16.97 βvxc 0.59 25
βvxd 0.38 16.2
βvyc 0.36 15.27
βvyd 0 0
P12 2.25 4 1.6 16.97 βvxc 0.56 21.2
βvxd 0.362 13.8
βvyc 0.36 13.7
βvyd 0 0
P13 3.5 3.6 1.03 16.97 βvxc 0.412 24.5
βvxd 0.269 16
βvyc 0.4 15.98
βvyd 0.26 23.76
P14 3.5 5 1.43 16.97 βvxc 0.436 25.9
57
βvxd 0.436 25.9
βvyc 0.33 19.6
βvyd 0.33 19.6
P15 3.6 5 1.38 16.97 βvxc 0.48 29.3
βvxd 0.32 19.5
βvyc 0.36 22
βvyd 0 0
P16 5 5 1 16.97 βvxc 0.33 28
βvxc 0.33 28
βvxd 0.33 28
βvyd 0.33 28
P17 5 5 1 16.97 βvxc 0.36 30.5
βvxd 0.24 20.36
βvyc 0.36 30.5
βvyd 0 0

MEZZANINE FLOOR
P18 3.6 5 1.38 16.97 βvxc 0 0
βvxd 0.388 23.7
βvyc 0.45 27.5
βvyd 0.3 18.3
P20 1.75 2.08 1.19 16.97 βvxc 0.47 13.9
βvxd 0.31 9.2
βvyc 0.4 11.8
βvyd 0.26 7.72
P21 2.08 4 1.19 16.97 βvxc 0.58 20.4
βvxd 0.374 13.2
βvyc 0.36 12.7
βvyd 0 0
ROOF SLAB
Axis Beam Load from slab(KN/m) Wall load(KN/m) Total design load(KN/m)
left Right
B 1_2 0 6.6 0 6.6
2_3 00-Jan 9.17 0 9.17
C 1'_2 10.152 12.267 0 22.419
2_3 14.1 12.69 0 26.79
D 1'_2 12.267 10.52 0 22.787
2_3 12.69 14.1 0 26.79
E 1_2 6.6 0 0 6.6
2_3 9.17 0 0 9.17
1 B-C 0 8.58 0 8.58
D-E 0 8.58 0 8.58
2 B-C 12.74 14.1 0 26.84
C-D 13.5 12.69 0 26.19
D-E 12.74 14.1 0 26.84
3 B-C 9.17 0 0 9.17
C-D 0 0 0 0
D-E 9.17 0 0 9.17

58
SIX FLOOR
left Right
A 1_2 0 0 0 0
2_3 0 23.16 0 23.16
B 1_2 0 0 72.41 72.41
2_3 23.16 0 100.57 123.73
3_4 21.72 20.36 0 42.08
C 2_3 0 0 100.57 100.57
3_4 20.36 18.73 0 39.09
D 2_3 0 0 100.57 100.57
3_4 18.73 16.97 0 35.7
E 1_2 0 15.9 72.41 88.31
2_3 0 20.4 100.57 120.97
3_4 16.97 13.75 0 30.72
F 1_2 24.4 22.23 0 46.63
2_3 31.9 22.23 0 54.13
3_4 13.75 0 0 13.75
1 A-B 0 17.82 0 17.82
B-C 0 9.58 100.57 110.15
D-E 0 9.58 100.57 110.15
E-F 0 17.7 0 17.7
2 A-B 26.73 23.76 0 50.49
B-C 15.07 15.84 100.57 131.48
C-D 0 12.32 100.57 112.89
D-E 0 0 100.57 100.57
E-F 26.9 24.44 0 51.34
3 A-B 23.76 23.89 0 47.65
B-C 17.67 21.89 100.57 140.13
C-D 20.33 21.1 100.57 142
D-E 0 11.03 100.57 111.6
E-F 24.44 21.38 0 45.82
4 B-C 0 0 0 0
C-D 21.1 0 0 21.1
D-E 11.03 0 0 11.03
E-F 13.82 0 0 13.82
TYPICAL FLOOR
left Right
01-Jan A-B 0 9.58 70.4 79.98
B-C 0 9.53 100.57 110.1
D-E 0 9.53 100.57 110.1
E-F 0 9.58 80.46 90.04
2 A-B 15.04 15.84 70.4 101.28
B-C 15.44 17.06 100.57 133.07
C-D 0 14.65 0 14.65
D-E 15.44 17.06 100.57 133.07
E-F 15.04 15.84 80.46 111.34
3 A-B 17.67
B-C 16.74 13.83 0 30.57
C-D 20.89 15.49 0 36.38
D-E 16.74 13.83 0 30.57
E-F 17.67
4 B-C 7.67 0 0 7.67
59
6.38
C-D 6.38 0 0
D-E 7.67 0 0 7.67
E-F 0 0
MEZZANINE FLOOR
left Right
A 1_2 0 0 50.91 50.91
B 1_2 0 18.3 50.91 69.21
D' 2_5 0 9.15 0 9.15
E 1_2 23.58 22 50.91 96.49
2_5 13.9 12.7 0 26.6
F 1_2 22 22.14 50.91 95.05
2_5 12.7 22.14 29.42 64.26
1 A-B 0 0 70.4 70.4
B-C 0 22.7 100.57 123.27
D-E 0 21.81 100.57 122.38
E-F 0 16.6 80.46 97.06
2 B-C 23.2 0 70.71 93.91
D-E 21.81 11.8 32.81 66.42
E-F 24.7 20.4 0 45.1
5 D'-E 7.72 0 0 7.72
E-F 13.2 0 0 13.2
GROUND FLOOR
Axis Beam Load from slab(KN/m) Wall Load(KN/m) Total design load(KN/m)
left Right
A 1_2 23.76 15.98 64.5 104.24
2_3 23.76 25.9 74.36 124.02
3_4 64.5 64.5
B 1_2 24.5 22 0 46.5
2_3 25.9 28 0 53.9
3_4 21.17 18.3 0 39.47
C 2_3 28 30.5 0 58.5
3_4 18.3 16.86 0 35.16
D 2_3 30.5 28 0 58.5
3_4 6.86 15.27 0 22.13
E 1_2 22 22 0 44
2_3 28 27.1 0 55.1
3_4 15.27 13.7 0 28.97
F 1_2 22 22.14 64.5 108.64
2_3 27.1 22.14 89.59 138.83
3_4 13.7 22.14 13.44 49.28
1 A-B 0 15.44 62.71 78.15
B-C 0 19.43 89.56 108.99
D-E 0 19.43 89.59 109.02
E-F 0 16.6 71.67 88.27
2 A-B 23.76 19.6 0 43.36
B-C 29.4 28 0 57.4
D-E 29.4 28 0 57.4
E-F 24.7 22.4 0 47.1
3 A-B 19.6 23.78 0 43.38
B-C 28 27.3 0 55.3
C-D 30.5 26.14 0 56.64
60
D-E 28 25 0 53
E-F 22.4 21.2 0 43.6
4 A-B 0 0
B-C 18 0 0 18
C-D 17.05 0 0 17.05
D-E 16.2 0 0 16.2
E-F 13.84 0 0 13.84
LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS
*Since location of the project is in Addis Ababa, it is categorized under

zone 2.
 Base shear force
Fb=Sd(T1)W
 Design spectrum:
Sd(T)=αβγ
α=αo*I
αo=0.05 for zone 2,(bedrock acceleration ratio for the
site),EBCS8
I=1.2,(importance factor)
→α=0.05*1.2=0.06
1. 2 S
β=  2.5
T 2/3
S=1.5,(site soil coefficient),this value is taken for subsoil
class c.
T=C1H3/4,(fundamental period of vibration)
C1=0.075,(for reinforced structures)
H=29.12
→T=0.075*(29.12)^3/4=0.94
→ β=(1.2*1.5)/0.94^2/3=1.876  2.5
γ=γo KD KR KW  0.70,EBCS8
γ=behavior factor
γo=0.20,(basic value of behavior factor, depends on type of
structure)
KD=2.0,(factor reflecting the ductility class)
KR=1.0,(factor reflecting structural regularity),for regular
structure
KW=1.0,(factor reflecting the prevailing failure mode)
→ γ=0.20*2.0*1.0*1.0=0.40  0.70
 Sd(T)=0.06*1.876*0.40=0.045
*Fb=Sd(T1)W
=0.045*19630.08= 883.35KN
61
DISTRIBUTION OF THE HORIZONTAL SEISMIC FORCE
n
Fb=Ft+  Fi ……………………EBCS8
i 1
Ft=0.07T1Fb,(concentrated force at the top)

=0.07*0.94*883.35KN=58.12KN
( Fb  Ft )Wihi
n
Fi =
Wihi
i 1
Storey Wi(KN) Hi(m) Wi*Hi Fi(KN)

Roof Level 1008.16 29.1229357.62143.2571
6th floor 2454.5 23.6658073.47 168.41
5th floor 2425.08 20.7350271.91 145.71
4th floor 2425.08 17.843166.42 125.18
3rd floor 2425.08 14.7835842.68 103.94
2nd floor 2425.08 11.9428955.46 83.97
1st floor 2425.08 9.0121849.97 63.36
Mizzanine floor 919.8 6.65 6116.67 17.73
Ground floor 2541.095 3.749503.695 27.56
Basement 577.24 1 577.24 1.67
Sum 19626.2 283715.1
62
BEAM DESIGN
0.85 * 0.8 * 25
Material data C-25…………fcd = =11.33 N/mm2
1.5
fyk 400
fyk=400MPa…. fyd= s = =347.83N/mm2
1.15
1) TYPICAL BEAM DESIGN
The typical beam designs consist of two parts, the flexural and shear design
parts. The calculations are done using an excel template. Just for
demonstration, the example below shows the design procedures on how to for
the span, support and shear reinforcement.
PART ONE
 DESIGN FOR FLEXURE
The Beam on axis 3-3 on sixth floor is chosen for demonstration.
Design for span (+ve) moment
Msd=108.02KNm between axis A and B’
Step1: Section properties:
Width (b)= 250mm,
Depth (D)=400mm
Use Φ20for flexure bar and use Φ8 for Stirrups
d1=d2= C+Φ/2+Φs =25+20/2+8=43
Effective depth, d=D-d1
d=400-43=357mm
According to EBCS-2 1995, be is the smaller of
1) be=bw + Le/5=250 +5500/5=1350mm
2) be=c/c spacing between beams=(5000+3200)/2=4100mm
Therefore, be=1350mm
Step2: Check whether the beam acts as a rectangular beam or T-beam.

If 0.8X <= hf Rectangular beam
0.8X > hf T-beam
Assume 0.8x<=hf
Msd=0.8*X*be*fcd*(d-0.4X)
 2 Msd 
0.8X=1.25*d* 1  1  
 be d 2 f cd 
 2 * 108.02 * 10 6 
=1.25*357*  1  1  
 1350 * 357 2 * 11 .33 
=25.45mm
0.8X=25.45mm < hf=150mm Rectangular beam
Step3: Check depth for single reinforcement

63
M sd 108.02 * 10 6
d= = =154.67mm <
0.2952 * be f cd 0.2952 *1350 * 11 .33
357mm ok
Provide single reinforcement
 2 Msd  f cd 0.6
= 1  1  * =0.001858 >  min= f =0.0015
 be d 2 f cd  f yd yk
As= bed= 0.001858*1350*357=895.46mm2

Using Φ20mm bars,
As 895.46
no of bars=  22 / 7  * r 2 =  22 / 7  *10 2 =2.95
Therefore, provide 3Φ20mm bars.
Design for support (-ve) moment

Msd=-102.77KNm at face of support A- B’
B= 250mm and D=400mm
Step4: Check depth for single reinforcement
M sd 121.77 * 10 6
d= = =381.62mm > 357mm
0.2952 * be f cd 0.2952 * 250 * 11 .33
Provide double reinforcement
Ms=0.2952*bd2fcd=0.2952*250*3572*11.33=106.57KNm
 2 Ms  f cd
= 1  1  b d 2 f *
 cd  f yd
 2 * 106.57 * 10 6  11 .33
=  1  1  * =0.0117 >
 250 * 357 2 * 11 .33  347.83
min=0.001304
The tensile reinforcement Ast,
M sd  M s
Ast=bd + f (d  d 2)
yd
(121.77  106.57) * 10 6
Ast=0.0117*250*357 + =1183.395mm2
347.83(357  43)
Using Φ20mm bars,
As 1183 .395mm 2
no of bars=  22 / 7  * r 2 =
 22 / 7  * 10 2 =3.77
Therefore, provide 4Φ20mm bars.
Step5: Check the stress in compression steel

d2
0.45 
fsc= d *0.0035*Es
0.45
0.43
0.45  2
= 357 *0.0035*200000=512.64 N/mm >fyd=347.83
0.45
N/mm2
Therefore,
64
M sd  M s (121.77  106.57) * 10 6
Asc= f (d  d 2) = =139.17mm2
yd 347.83 * (357  43)
Using Φ12mm,
As 139.17
no of bars=  22 / 7  * d 2 =  22 / 7  * 8 2 =0.69
Therefore, provide 2Φ14mm bars
Step6: Bar cut-off

For positive reinforcement, cut the bar where it is not necessary
and
For negative reinforcement, cut at one third of span length
from the face of support on both sides.
PART TWO
 DESIGN FOR SHEAR
Design of shear for beam on axis 3-3 between axis A and B’
Shear design for right support
As=2262.9mm2
Design shear at d=357mm distance from the face of support is
Vsd=184.553KN
Step 7:Check for diagonal compression

VRD=0.25fcdbwd =0.25*11.33*250*357*10-3=252.8KN
VRD=252.8 > Vsd no problem of diagonal compression!
Step 8:Compute shear capacity of concrete

Vc =0.25fctdk1k2bd
b=250mm, d=357mm
1183 .395
k1=1+50=1+50* =1.6311 < 2 ok
250 * 357
k2=1.6-d=1.6-0.357=1.243 > 1
2 2
fctd= 0.21 f = 0.21 * (0.8 * 25) =1.03153N/mm2

3 3
ck
1.5 1 .5
VC =0.25*fctd*k1*k2*bw*d
=0.25*1.03153*1.6311*1.243*250*357=46.66KN < VSD
Since the concrete can’t resist by itself, stirrup is necessary
VS=VSD-VC=184.553-46.66=137.89KN
Spacing of the Φ8mm stirrups for VS=137.89KN
AV f yd d 22
2*( ) * 4 2 * 347.83 * 357
S= = 7 =90.53mm
VS
137.89 * 1000
Maximum spacing, Smax

2
1) If Vsd > VRD , take minimum of 0.3d and 200mm
3
2
2) If Vsd <= VRD , take minimum of 0.5d and 300mm
3
65
2 2
Since Vsd =184.553> VRD= *252.8=168.53KN,
3 3
Take Smax=0.3*357
=107.1mm
Therefore, take S=100mm
Provide Φ8mm Stirrups c/c 100mm
Vsd=105.34KN(left)
Vsd=184.55KN(right)
2) CURVED BEAM DESIGN

The curved beam design is needed where we have curved slabs. Since the
curved part of each floor is identical, we will take one example for
clarification.
3.2m
3.2m
400mm
250mm
Step 1:
P = 11.8125 kN
Assume D=400mm
Design Load
Self wt = b * d * 
= 0.25*0.4*25 = 2.5KN/m
Wd = Self weight+(1.3*2.5)
= 15.06 KN/m
Step 2:
Design Moment, design shear and design torsion
θ = 45 Half of the total angle
h y 400
   1 .6
b x 250
From table
66
Y
 1.6
X
K '  0.204
K  2.43
4 * sin  (1  K )  K cos 
K4  1
2 (1  K )  sin 2 (1  k )
= 0.087
K 5  cos  ( K 4  1)  1
= (cos45)*(0.087+1)-1
= -0.231
K 6  sin  ( K 4  1)  
= (sin45)*(0.087+1)
= -0.0164
K 7  sin 1 ( K 4  1)  1
= (sin23.08)*(0.087+1)-23.08*П/180
= 0.0233
 Point of zero bending moment

1
1  cos 1 ( )  23.08
K4 1
 Point of zero torsion
sin 2 ( K 4  1)  2  0
 Bending Moment
At mid span
M  K4 * w * r2
= 0.087*15.06*3.22
= 13.42 KN-m
At support
M  K6 * w * r 2
= 0.231*15.06*3.22
=10.24KN.-m
 Torsion moment
At mid span T=0
At support
T  K 6 *W * r 2
=0.0164*15.06*3.22
= 2.53 KN-m
Max. Torsion moment
Tmax  K 7 * W * r 2
T max = 0.0233*15.06*3.22
= 3.59KN-m
 Design Shear
Total load = WRθ
Shear at support

15.06 * 3.2 *
WR 2  37.85
V  
2 2
V2 = 37.85-15.06*3.2*(23.08*П/180)
67
= 18.44 KN
At support At span
Msd = -35.62 KN-m Msd =13.42 KN-m
Tsd = -2.53 KN-m Tsd = 3.59 KN-m
Vsd = 37.85 KN Vsd =18.44 KN
Step 3: Design for flexure

 At Support
M sd
d= 0.2952 * b * fcd
35.62 * 10 6
=
0.2952 * 250 * 13.6
=206 < 400-43 = 357 - Singly reinforced
1.25  2 * M sd 
 1  1  
m  fcd * b * d 2 
1.25  2 * 35.62 * 10 6 
= 1  
38.37  11 .33 * 250 * 357 2 
=3.39*10-3 >ρmin = 0.0015
As =ρ*b*d =0.00339*250*357=302.55mm2
 At Span
11 .33  13.42 * 10 6 
ρ= 1  1  2
 =0.00061<ρmin
347.83  11 .33 * 250 * 357 
Use ρmin = 0.0015
As =ρ*b*d= 0.0015*250*357=133.85mm2
Step 4: Design for shear and torsion

Tsd = 2.53KN-m Vsd = 37.85KN-m
D=400mm
b=250mm
t=A/U=400*250/2(400+250)=76.92mm
Aeff = (b-t)*(h-t)=55.92*103mm2
Ueff = 2(b+h-2*t)=992.32mm
 Torsion resistance of concrete
Tc=1.2*fctd*Aeff*t
=1.2*1.165*55.92*76.92*10-3
=6.01KN-m
 Limiting torsion
TRD= 0.8*fcd*Aeff
68
=0.8*11.33*55.92*76.92*10-3
= 38.98 KN-m
 Shear carried by concrete
Vc= 0.25*fctd*K1*K2*bw*d
=37.77 KN
As
ρ=  0.00339
bd
K1=1+50ρ = 1.169<2
K2=1.6-d = 1.6 - 0.357 =1.243
 Limiting ultimate shear
VRD = 0.25*fcd*bw*d
= 252.8KN
Step 5: Torsion and shear resistance of concrete
1
 tc   0.388
2
V /V 
1   sd c 
 Tsd / Tc 
1
 vc   0.924
2
 T /T 
1   sd c 
 V sd / Vc 
Tc’= βtc*6.01=2.33<Tsd = 2.53KN-m

Since the difference very small, neglect torsion.
Also,
Vc’= βvc*37.77=35.01<Vsd = 37.85
Since Vsd is small provide minimum shear reinforcement
Step 6: Check if section is large enough for shear and torsion.
1
t   0.398
2
V /V 
1   sd Rd 
 Tsd / TRd 
1
c   0.917
2
 T /T 
1   sd Rd 
 Vsd / V Rd 
TRd=0.398*38.98 = 15.514KN-m >Tsd=2.53KN-m OK!
VRd=0.917*252.8 = 231.82KN >Vsd = 37.85KN OK!
Min shear reinforcement

As min 0 .4 * b w 0.4 * 250
   0.25
s fyk 400
Vsd = 37.85 < 2/3VRd
Smax = min of 0.5*d=178.5mm and 300mm
69
Smax =170mm
use Ф 8c/c 170mm
3) DESIGN FOR TORSION

Since torsion is induced on the beams where we have cantilever slabs,
designing the beams for torsion is necessary.
Taking beam section with b=250mm and D=400
Shear (KN)
35.6
14.3
8.12
21.45
35.6 6.8
Torsion (KN-m)
11.95
36.5
26.97
14.8
36.35 25.25
Moment(KN-m)
After using moment redistribution, the adjusted moments at supports are as
follows.
41.31
24.32 28.42 33.92
Moment Torsion
Support (KNm) (KNm)
A 41.3 11.95
B 27.73 36.65
70
C 22.67 36.35
D 33.92 25.25
1) At Support A
M=41.3KNm
d=400-43=357mm
Check Depth,
M sd 41.3 * 10 6
d= = =222.2mm < 357mm Section
0.2952 * be f cd 0.2952 * 250 * 11 .33
is singly reinforced
1.25  2 Md 
= m 1  1  bd 2 fcd 
 
1.25  2 * 41.3 * 10 6  0 .6
= 38.3 1  1  250 * 357 3 *11 .33  = 0.0039 > min= f =0.0015
  yk
As   * b * d=0.0039*250*357=348 mm 2
Since moment on span AB is small we can provide minimum
reinforcement,
As min   min * b * d =0.0015*357*250=133.87 mm 2
Step 2: Determine whether torsion must be considered
D=400mm
b=250mm
A 250 * 400
t 
U  250 * 2 *  400 * 2 =76.92mm
Aeff   250  76.92 *  400  76.92 = 55.9 * 10 3 mm 2
Ueff    250  76.92   400  76.92   *2
=992.3mm
 Torsional resistance of concrete

Tc  1.2 * fctd * Aeff * t =1.2*1.165*55.91*76.92* 10 6 =5.986KN-m
 Limiting Torsion
TRd  0.8 * fcd * Aeff * t =0.8*11.33*55.9* 10 3 *76.92* 10 6 =38.94
Tsd=11.95KN-m
71
Vc  0.25 * fctd * k1 * k 2 * bw * d Where k1  1  50   and
k 2  1 .6  d
=0.25*1.165*1.195*1.243*250*357* 10 3 =38.6KN
 Limiting value for ultimate shear

V Rd  0.25 * fcd * bw * d =0.25*11.33*250*357* 10 3 =252.8
Vsd=35.6KN
 Torsion resistance of concrete:

1
 tc  2
V /V  =0.908 and
1   sd c 
 Tsd / Tc 
1
 vc 
2
 T / T  =0.42
1   sd c 
 Vsd / Vc 
Tc=5.986*0.908=5.43<Tsd=11.9
Teff=11.9-5.43=6.51KN-m
Vc=0.42*38.6=16.2<Vsd=35.6
Veff=35.6-16.2=19.4KN
Step 3: Check if section is large enough for torsion and shear

1
t  2
 V /V  =0.908
1   sd Rd 
 Tsd / TRd 
1
v  2
 Tsd / TRd  =0.42

1 
V /V 

 sd Rd 
TRd   t * TRd =0.908*38.94=35.35>Tsd=11.95KN-m

V Rd   v * V Rd
=252.8*0.42=106>Vsd=35.6KN
Section is large enough for shear and torsion
Step 4:
Determine the required shear reinforcement
Veff=19.4
A Vs
19.4 * 10 3
Stirrup required for shear Sws  d * fyd = =0.156 mm 2 /m
357 * 347.8
As min 0.4 * bw
  0.4 * 250 / 400  0.25 mm 2 /m
S fyk
2 * V Rd
Vsd=19.4< =168
3
72
0.5d  178.5
S max  
300
S max  170 mm
Step 5:
Calculate the required stirrups for torsion
Teff=5.97
Aeff Teff 5.97 * 10 6
  3
 0.153mm 2 / m
S 2 * Aeff * fyd 2 * 55.91 * 10 * 347.8
As min
 0.25
S
U eff 992.32
S max    124
8 8
S max  120mm
Step 6:
Obtain the total stirrup for shear and torsion
Av ,total Aws 2 * Aleg
 
S S S
=0.23+(2*0.153)=0.536 mm 2 /m
For 8 stirrup Avtotal  2 * 50  100mm
2
Avtotal
S   186.5
0.536
Use 8 c/c 180mm

Step 7: Longitudinal reinforcement for torsion
Teff *U eff
Along  =360mm
2 * Aeff * fyd
2) At Support B
M=27.73KNm
d=400-43=357mm
Check Depth,
M sd 27.73 * 10 6
d= = =182mm < 357mm
0.2952 * be f cd 0.2952 * 250 * 11 .33
Section is singly reinforced
1.25  2 Md 
= m 1  1  bd 2 fcd 
 
1.25  2 * 27.73 * 10 6  0.6
= 38.3  1  1  = 0.0025 >  =
 250 * 357 *11 .33 
3 min f yk
=0.0015
As   * b * d=0.0025*250*357=229.8 mm 2
Since moment on span BC is small we can provide minimum
reinforcement,
As min   min * b * d =0.0015*357*250=133.87 mm 2
Step 2:
73
A 250 * 400
t 
U  250 * 2 *  400 * 2 =76.92mm
Aeff   250  76.92 *  400  76.92 = 55.9 * 10 3 mm 2
Ueff    250  76.92   400  76.92   *2
=992.3mm
Tc  1.2 * fctd * Aeff * t =1.2*1.165*55.91*76.92* 10 6 =5.986KN-
m
TRd  0.8 * fcd * Aeff * t =0.8*11.33*55.9* 10 3 *76.92* 10 6 =38.9
4
Tsd=36.5KN-m
k 2  1 .6  d
=0.25*1.165*1.125*1.243*250*357* 10 3
=38.6KN
V Rd  0.25 * fcd * bw * d =0.25*11.33*250*357* 10 3 =36.3
Vsd=35.6
 Torsion resistance of concrete:
1
 tc  2
V /V  =0.987and
1   sd c 
 Tsd / Tc 
1
 vc 
2
 T / T  =0.158
1   sd c 
 Vsd / Vc 
Tc=5.986*0.958=5.9<Tsd=36.5KN-m
Teff=36.5-5.9=30.6KN-m
Vc=0.158*36.6=5.73<Vsd=35.6KN
Veff=35.6-5.73=29.87KN

1
t  2
 V /V  =0.998
1   sd Rd 
 Tsd / TRd 
1
v  2
 Tsd / TRd  =0.182

1 
V /V 

 sd Rd 
74
TRd   t * TRd =0.998*38.94=38.86>Tsd=36.5
=252.8*0.182=45.876>Vsd=35.6
Step 4:
Veff=29.8
A Vs
29.8 * 10 3
357 * 347.8
As min 0.4 * bw
  0.4 * 250 / 400  0.25 mm 2 /m
S fyk
2 * V Rd
Vsd=35.6< =168
3
0.5d  178.5
S max  
300
S max  170 mm
Step 5:
Teff=5.97
Aeff Teff 5.97 * 10 6
  3
 0.153mm 2 / m
S 2 * Aeff * fyd 2 * 55.91 * 10 * 347.8
As min
 0.25
S
U eff 992.32
S max    124
8 8
S max  120mm
Step 6:
 
S S S
=0.24+(2*0.153)=0.546 mm 2 /m
2
Avtotal
S   183.5
0.546
Use 8 c/c 180mm
Step 7: Longitudinal reinforcement for torsion

Teff *U eff
Along  =360
2 * Aeff * fyd
3) At Support C
M=22.67KNm
75
d=400-43=357mm
Check Depth,
M sd 22.67 * 10 6
d= = =164mm< 357mm Section is
0.2952 * be f cd 0.2952 * 250 * 11 .33
singly reinforced
1.25  2 Md 
= m 1  1  bd 2 fcd 
 
1.25  2 * 22.67 * 10 6  0 .6
= 38.3 1  1  250 * 357 3 *11 .33  = 0.0021 > min= f =0.0015
  yk
As   * b * d=0.0021*250*357=348 mm 2
reinforcement,
As min   min * b * d =0.0015*357*250=187.4 mm 2
A 250 * 400
t 
U  250 * 2 *  400 * 2 =76.92mm
Aeff   250  76.92 *  400  76.92 = 55.9 * 10 3 mm 2
Ueff    250  76.92   400  76.92   *2
=992.3mm

Tc  1.2 * fctd * Aeff * t =1.2*1.165*55.91*76.92* 10 6 =5.986KN-m
TRd  0.8 * fcd * Aeff * t =0.8*11.33*55.9* 10 3 *76.92* 10 6
=38.94KN-m
Tsd=36.35KN-m
k 2  1 .6  d
=0.25*1.165*1.105*1.243*250*357* 10 3 =35.7KN
V Rd  0.25 * fcd * bw * d =0.25*11.33*250*357* 10 3 =252.8KN
Vsd=8.12KN
Torsion resistance of concrete:
1
 tc  2
V /V  =0.999 and
1   sd c 
 Tsd / Tc 
1
 vc 
2
 T / T  =0.037
1   sd c 
 Vsd / Vc 
Tc=5.986*0.999=5.97<Tsd=36.35KN-m
Teff=36.5-5.97=30.53KN-m
Vc=0.037*35.7=1.32<Vsd=8.12KN
76
Veff=8.12-1.32=6.8KN

1
t  2
 V /V  =0.983
1   sd Rd 
 Tsd / TRd 
1
v  2
 Tsd / TRd  =0.034

1 
V /V 

 sd Rd 
TRd   t * TRd =0.983*38.94=38.3>Tsd=36.35KN-m

=252.8*0.034=8.598>Vsd=8.12KN-m
Step 4:
Veff=6.8
A
6.8 * 10 Vs 3
357 * 347.8
As min 0.4 * bw
  0.4 * 250 / 400  0.25 mm 2 /m
S fyk
2 * V Rd
Vsd=6.8< =168
3
0.5d  178.5
S max  
300
S max  170 mm
Step 5:
Teff=5.97
Aeff Teff 5.97 * 10 6
   0.153mm 2 / m
S 2 * Aeff * fyd 2 * 55.91 * 10 3 * 347.8
As min
 0.25
S
U eff 992.32
S max    124
8 8
S max  120mm
Step 6:
 
S S S
=0.054+(2*0.153)=0.36 mm 2 /m
2
Avtotal
S  277.7
0.36
77
Use 8 c/c 270mm
Step7: Longtudnal reinforcement for torsion

Teff *U eff
Along  =360
2 * Aeff * fyd
4) At Support D
M=33.92KNm
d=400-43=357mm
Check Depth,
M sd 33.92 * 10 6
d= = =201mm < 357mm Section is
0.2952 * be f cd 0.2952 * 250 * 11 .33
singly reinforced
1.25  2 Md 
= m 1  1  bd 2 fcd 
 
1.25  2 * 33.92 * 10 6  0 .6
= 38.3 1  1  250 * 357 3 *11 .33  = 0.003 > min= f =0.0015
  yk
As   * b * d=0.003*250*357=287.7 mm 2
reinforcement,
As min   min * b * d =0.0015*357*250=133.87 mm 2

A 250 * 400
t 
U  250 * 2 *  400 * 2 =76.92mm
Aeff   250  76.92 *  400  76.92 = 55.9 * 10 3 mm 2
Ueff    250  76.92   400  76.92   *2
=992.3mm

Tc  1.2 * fctd * Aeff * t =1.2*1.165*55.91*76.92* 10 6 =5.986KN-m
TRd  0.8 * fcd * Aeff * t =0.8*11.33*55.9* 10 3 *76.92* 10 6
=38.94KN-m
Tsd=25.5KN-m
k 2  1 .6  d
=0.25*1.165*1.15*1.243*250*357* 10 3 =37.16KN
V Rd  0.25 * fcd * bw * d =0.25*11.33*250*357* 10 3 =252.8KN
Vsd=21.45KN
Torsion resistance of concrete:

78
1
 tc  2
V /V  =0.826 and
1   sd c 
 Tsd / Tc 
1
 vc 
2
 T / T  =0.563
1   sd c 
 Vsd / Vc 
Tc=5.986*0.826=4.94<Tsd=25.5
Teff=25.5-4.94=20.55
Vc=0.563*37.16=20.92<Vsd=21.45
Veff=37.16-20.92=16.23

1
t  2
 V /V  =0.99
1   sd Rd 
 Tsd / TRd 
1
v  2
 Tsd / TRd  =0.12

1 
V /V 

 sd Rd 
TRd   t * TRd =0.99*38.94=38.5>Tsd=25.25KN-m

V Rd   v * V Rd =252.8*0.12=30.3>Vsd=21.45KN
Step 4:
Veff=16.23
Aws Vs 16.23 * 10 3
Stirrup required for shear  = =0.13 mm 2 /m
S d * fyd 357 * 347.8
As min 0.4 * bw
  0.4 * 250 / 400  0.25 mm 2 /m
S fyk
2 * V Rd
Vsd=16.23< =168KN
3
0.5d  178.5
S max  
300
S max  170 mm
Step 5:
Teff=20.55
Aeff Teff 20.55 * 10 6
   0.52mm 2 / m
S 2 * Aeff * fyd 2 * 55.91 * 10 3 * 347.8
As min
 0.25
S
U eff 992.32
S max    124
8 8
S max  120mm
Step 6:
79
 
S S S
=0.13+(2*0.153)=0.436 mm 2 /m
2
Avtotal
S  229
0.436
Use 8 c/c 220mm

Step 7: Longtudnal reinforcement for torsion
Teff *U eff
Along  =360
2 * Aeff * fyd
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
The design of column is done by developing excel spread sheet template that
works the following on both axis
1) Determine equivalent column
2) Determination of first order moment for the substituted column
3) Frame classification as sway or non-sway
4) Column classification as slender or non-slender
5) Determination of design moment
6) Finally reinforcement designs for both longitudinal and lateral
6th 3.23m
5th 3.23m
4th 3.23m
3rd 3.23m
2nd 3.23m
1st
3.23m
G 5.12m
Basement 2.89m
Step 1: Determine equivalent column

Frame in x-z
Axial force of equivalent column
FRAME IN AXIS 3-3
axis 6th floor 5th floor 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor 1st floor ground basement footing
F-F 0 219.17 317.53 426.92 539.54 655.9 782.51 1025.79 1312.55
E-E 78.16 257.79 478.07 706.01 940.8 1184.65 1449.98 1784.42 1312.55
D-D 92.62 315.36 578.49 850.31 1130.56 1421.52 1739.98 2111.26 1312.55
80
C-C 80.47 407.4 630.53 862.12 1099.52 1344.7 1608.75 1936.57 1312.55
B-B 77.04 451.1 687.68 930.38 1175.93 1425.01 1687.23 1966.53 1312.55
A-A 0 225 468.43 712.6 957.44 1203.6 1457.94 1751.68 1312.55
Sum 328.29 1875.82 3160.73 4488.34 5843.79 7235.38 8726.39 10576.25 7875.3
horizontal deflection @ the top of the story to the bottom of story

roof 6th floor 5th floor 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor 1st floor mezz. ground basemen
d -0.0709 -0.0651 -0.0587 -0.0508 -0.0417 -0.0313 -0.0205 -0.0044 -0.00
d b/n -0.0058 -0.0064 -0.0079 -0.0091 -0.0104 -0.0108 -0.0161 -0.00
TOTAL REACTION AT THE BOTTOM OF STORY

axis 6th floor 5th floor 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor 1st floor mezz. ground basement footin
F-F 0 22.34 19.82 21.11 -1.68 -3.24 -10.43 12.8 -
E-E -3.71 -4.7 -0.27 -3.633 -7.27 -9.5 -12.96 -5.88 -
D-D -8.82 -0.21 -10.73 -10.95 -13.93 -14.8 -7.61 -8.7 -
C-C -21.5 -27.83 -29.41 -32.15 -35.19 -38.94 -16.6 -18.91 -
B-B 34.79 36.06 32.68 35.82 -3.25 -3.51 9.99 29.38 -2
A-A 0 -51.99 -38.35 -42.22 -43.52 -48.53 -22.67 -26.63
Sum 0.76 -26.33 -26.26 -32.023 -104.84 -118.52 -60.28 -17.94 -4
Frame Y-Z
AXIAL FORCE
FRAME IN AXIS E-E
axis 6th floor 5th floor 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor 1st floor mezz. ground basement footing
4--4 0 138.78 304.3 461.19 612.4 755.9 894.39 997.87 1362.13
3--3 78.16 257.79 478.07 706.01 940.8 1184.65 1449.98 1784.42 1312.55
2--2 68.13 243.9 545.47 847.91 1155.18 1469.78 1769.78 2134.9 2552.18 1224.6
1--1 68.66 247.15 421.72 595.37 770.21 943.92 1114.71 1395.37 1610.19 1478.58
Sum 214.95 887.62 1749.56 2610.48 3478.59 4354.25 2884.49 5874.64 6944.66 5377.86
TOTAL REACTION AT THE BOTTOM OF STORY

axis 6th floor 5th floor 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor 1st floor mezz. ground basement footing
4--4 18.94 13.31 10.9 10.71 9.7 7.76 14.54 15.73 7.5 -5.47
3--3 5.29 5.48 1.96 2.41 2.41 -0.09 22.39 25.2 6.02 -3.56
2--2 -31.9 -35.69 -29.88 -27.98 -24.92 -21.08 -10.25 -18.18 -3.56
1--1 -34.38 -24.1 -23.22 -20.21 -18.19 -5.35 -3.79 -3.56
Sum -7.67 -51.28 -41.12 -38.08 -33.02 -31.6 -202.77 25.33 -8.45 -16.15
horizontal deflection @ the top of the story to the bottom of story

roof 6th floor 5th floor 4th floor 3rd floor 2nd floor 1st floor mezz. ground basement
d -0.0105 -0.0087 -0.007 -0.0054 -0.0039 -0.0026 -0.0016 -0.0008 -0.0002 -1.4E-05
d b/n -0.0018 -0.0017 -0.0016 -0.0015 -0.0013 -0.001 -0.0008 -0.0006 -0.00019
K values for the equivalent column

Frame x-z
Ktot(beam) ktot(col)
roof 2.42
6th floor 3.04 1.56
5th floor 3.04 2.34
81
4th floor 3.04 2.34
3rd floor 3.04 2.34
2nd floor 3.04 2.34
1st floor 3.04 2.34
mezz. 3.04
ground 3.04 1.5
basement 3.04 6.36
footing 3.04 18.42
Frame y-z
K(tot)(beam) k(tot)(col)
roof 2.46
6th floor 2.46 1.04
5th floor 2.46 1.43
4th floor 2.46 1.43
3rd floor 2.46 1.43
2nd floor 2.46 1.43
1st floor 2.46 1.98
mezz. 1.82 1.98
ground 2.46 2.19
basement 2.46 3.99
footing 2.46 11.55
Steps 2 and 3:
Check whether the frame is sway or non-sway. Since horizontal force exists,
we will check for the frame condition.
Non-sway if
Nδ <0.1 where L= storey height
HL H= horizontal total reaction at the bottom of the story
N= Total vertical reaction at the bottom of the story.
 O ( E c I c ) gross
O 
 EcIc  eff
 O
= horizontal displacement at he top of the storey, relative to the
bottom of the story from first order structural analysis.
(EcIc)eff= EIe= 0.2 EcIc + EsIs > 0.4 EcIc
Ec= 259 Gpa =1100fcd
Es=200Gpa
n 0 4
IS   nAsx 2
64
IC= Moment of inertia of equivalent column
As= Area of reinforcement for the equivalent column subjected to design
moment Md1 and axial load Nsd.
K11 K1 K12
K1  Kc
1 
K11  K12
Kc
K 2  Kc
2  K21 K22
K 21  K 22
K2
  2
m  1
2
82
2  3
Mdl = HL
1   2  6
H= total horizontal reaction a bottom
L = storey height
The values of sum of K1,K2,KC, K11,K12,K21,K22 ,  1 ,  2 ,  m ,H,L and finally the
value of Mdl are shown on table.
Check swayness nature of the frame in X-Z
Column k1 k2 kc k11 k12 k21 k22 α1 α2 H L Mdl

th
6 floor 0 2.34 1.56 0 2.42 0 3.04 0.64462 1.282895 0.76 3.23 1.128579
5th floor 2.34 2.34 2.34 0 3.04 0 3.04 1.53947 1.539474 26.33 3.23 42.52295
4th floor 2.34 2.34 2.34 0 3.04 0 3.04 1.53947 1.539474 26.26 3.23 42.4099
3rd floor 2.34 2.34 2.34 0 3.04 0 3.04 1.53947 1.539474 32.023 3.23 51.71715
nd
2 floor 2.34 5.7 2.34 0 3.04 0 3.04 1.53947 2.644737 104.84 3.23 150.9412
1st floor 2.34 1.5 5.7 0 3.04 0 3.04 2.64473 2.368421 118.52 3.23 196.2122
Ground
floor 5.7 6.36 1.5 0 3.04 0 3.04 2.36842 2.585526 60.28 5.12 151.2583
basement 1.5 18.4 6.36 0 3.04 0 3.04 2.58552 8.151316 17.94 2.89 17.30258
Table continued
Nsd-
N v U w As n ls(mm) do EcIc Ele d d/HL remark
328.29 0.077 0.00047 0 2460 3 4.6E+08 0.0018 2.38E+14 1.4E+14 0.0031 0.41sway
1875.82 0.4398 0.0178 0 2460 3 4.6E+08 0.0017 2.38E+14 1.4E+14 0.0029 0.06non-sway
3160.73 0.7411 0.01776 0 2460 3 4.6E+08 0.00135 2.38E+14 1.4E+14 0.0023 0.09non-sway
4488.34 1.0524 0.02165 0.1 2460 3 4.6E+08 0.0013 2.38E+14 1.4E+14 0.0022 0.10non-sway
5843.79 1.3702 0.0632 0.55 5864.3 7 2.56E+09 0.0012 2.38E+14 5.6E+14 0.0005 0.01non-sway
7235.38 1.6965 0.08215 0.95 10129 13 8.21E+09 0.001 2.38E+14 1.69E+15 0.0001 0.00non-sway
8726.39 2.0461 0.06333 1.2 12795 16 1.28E+10 0.0006 2.38E+14 2.6E+15 5E-05 0.00non-sway
10576.3 1.7961 0.00534 1.13 18476 15 2.71E+10 0.000186 5.64E+14 5.53E+15 2E-05 0.00non-sway
Check swayness nature of the frame in Y-Z
check for swayness nature of frameY-Z

column k1 k2 kc k11 k12 k21 k22 α1 α2 H L Mdl
6th floor 0 1.43 1.04 0 2.46 0 2.46 0.4228 1.00407 7.67 3.23 11.41751
5th floor 1.04 1.43 1.43 0 2.46 0 2.46 1.0041 1.1626 51.28 3.23 81.2095
4th floor 1.43 1.43 1.43 0 2.46 0 2.46 1.1626 1.1626 41.12 3.23 66.4088
3rd floor 1.43 1.43 1.43 0 2.46 0 2.46 1.1626 1.1626 38.08 3.23 61.4992
2nd floor 1.43 1.98 1.43 0 2.46 0 2.46 1.1626 1.38618 33.02 3.23 51.93263
1st floor 1.43 1.63 1.98 0 2.46 0 2.46 1.3862 1.46748 31.6 3.23 50.56537
mezz. 1.98 2.19 1.63 0 2.46 0 1.82 1.4675 2.0989 202.77 2.36 223.4759
ground 1.63 3.99 2.19 0 1.82 0 2.46 2.0989 2.5122 25.33 2.76 33.59391
basement 2.19 11.55 3.99 0 2.46 0 2.46 2.5122 6.31707 8.45 2.89 9.077357
Table continued
Nsd-
N v μ ω As n ls(mm) do EcIc Ele d d/HL remark
214.95 0.0632 0.00672 0 2000 3 3.04E+08 0.0018 1.51E+14 9.1E+13 0.003 0.03non-sway
887.62 0.2414 0.04247 0 2163.2 3 3.55E+08 0.0017 1.77E+14 1.06E+14 0.0028 0.02non-sway
1749.56 0.4758 0.03473 0 2163.2 3 3.55E+08 0.0016 1.77E+14 1.06E+14 0.0027 0.03non-sway
2610.48 0.7099 0.03216 0 2163.2 3 3.55E+08 0.0015 1.77E+14 1.06E+14 0.0025 0.05non-sway
3478.59 0.9459 0.02716 0 2163.2 3 3.55E+08 0.0013 1.77E+14 1.06E+14 0.0022 0.07non-sway
4354.25 1.184 0.01084 0 2163.2 4 4.74E+08 0.001 1.77E+14 1.3E+14 0.0014 0.06non-sway
2884.49 0.7844 0.04791 0 2163.2 4 4.74E+08 0.0008 1.77E+14 1.3E+14 0.0011 0.01non-sway
83
0.0
5874.64 1.5975 0.0072 3 2163.2 4 4.74E+08 0.0006 1.77E+14 1.3E+14 0.0008 0.07non-sway
6944.66 1.2467 0.00255 0.2 2880 4 9.56E+08 0.000186 4.05E+14 2.72E+14 0.0003 0.08non-sway
Step 4: Column classification as slender or non-slender

For non-sway
Le m  0.4
  0. 7
L  m  0. 8
For sway
Le  1  0.8m  1.15
L
Check whether each columns are slender or not, that is whether 2 nd order effect
should be considered or not.
Le I
 , where , i 
i A
Column is non slender if
 For non-sway
  50  25 M 1 M 2 
 For sway the greater of

  25
  15 Where Vd=
p
vd Acfcd
check for slenderness along X-Z

K1 K2 Kc k11 k12 k21 k22 α1 α2 αm
6th floor 0 2.34 1.56 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 2.88889 7.2222 5.0556
5th floor 2.34 2.34 2.34 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 8.66667 8.6667 8.6667
4th floor 2.34 2.34 2.34 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 8.66667 8.6667 8.6667
3rd floor 2.34 2.34 2.34 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 8.66667 8.6667 8.6667
2nd floor 2.34 5.7 2.34 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 8.66667 14.889 11.778
1st floor 2.34 1.5 5.7 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 14.8889 13.333 14.111
ground 5.7 6.36 1.5 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 13.3333 14.556 13.944
basement 1.5 18.42 6.36 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 14.5556 45.889 30.222
Table continued
L(m) Le(m) I λ M1 M2 λspec remark
3.23 6.554 0.1 65.54 -34.2 46.55 67.08not slender
3.23 3.093521 0.1 30.93521 -37.56 49.96 68.79504not slender
3.23 3.093521 0.1 30.93521 -31.41 32.1 74.46262not slender
3.23 3.093521 0.1 30.93521 -35.11 36.96 73.74865not slender
3.23 3.127279 0.1 31.27279 -38.38 39.61 74.22368not slender
3.23 3.143353 0.1 31.43353 -40.04 42.92 73.32246not slender
5.12 4.9811 0.1 49.811 -24.16 26.03 73.204not slender
2.89 2.852736 0.125 22.82189 -11.04 16.42 66.80877not slender
84
check for slenderness along Y-Z
K1 K2 Kc k11 k12 k21 k22 α1 α2 αm
6th floor 0 1.43 1.04 0 0.27 0.59 0.27 3.85185 2.8721 3.362
5th floor 1.04 1.43 1.43 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 2.87209 3.3256 3.0988
4th floor 1.43 1.43 1.43 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 3.32558 3.3256 3.3256
3rd floor 1.43 1.43 1.43 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 3.32558 3.3256 3.3256
2nd floor 1.43 1.98 1.43 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 3.32558 3.9651 3.6453
1st floor 1.43 1.63 1.98 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 3.96512 4.1977 4.0814
ground 1.98 2.19 1.63 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 4.19767 4.4419 4.3198
basement 1.63 3.99 2.19 0.59 0.27 0.59 0.27 4.44186 7.186 5.814
Table continued
L(m) Le(m) I λ M1 M2 λspec remark
3.23 2.91957 0.1 29.1957 -38.65 40.92 73.61315not slender
3.23 2.898619 0.1 28.98619 -43.29 44.95 74.07675not slender
3.23 2.916832 0.1 29.16832 -43.64 44 74.79545not slender
3.23 2.916832 0.1 29.16832 -40.5 40.83 74.79794not slender
3.23 2.939359 0.1 29.39359 -36.87 37.18 74.79155not slender
3.23 2.965322 0.125 23.72257 -31.85 32.74 74.3204not slender
5.12 4.719982 0.125 37.75985 -20.21 26.34 69.18185not slender
2.89 2.715218 0.125 21.72174 -18.43 32.36 64.23826not slender
Step 5: Determination of design moment

 If the column is not slender
etot 1= ee + ea ;
Le
etot 2 = eo2 + ea ; ea =
300
M2
eo2=
P
e=max (etot1, etot2) if column undergo double curvature
= etot1 if column undergo single curvature
Then
M= P*e
 If the column is slender
e=ee+ea+e2; where ee= M P and
K1    0.75 for15    35
20
K1=1.0 for   35
1
 The curvature at the critical section
r
1
r d
 
 K2 5 10
3
Where:
85
Md
K2 
M bal
d= column dimension in the buckling plane less cover to the centre of
the longitudinal reinforcement
Md= the design moment at the critical section including second- order
effect.
Mbal = balanced moment capacity of the column.
Here, calculation of e2 involves iteration; so we can consider calculation when
designing such columns.
EIe 1
Ncr  , s 
2
Le 1  Nsd
Ncr
The amplified moment becomes
Mamp  s  M for sway frame.
determination of design moment X-Z
column N(KN) M1 M2 le ea eo1 e02 ee1 ee etot1 etot2 e My
6th floor 92.62 -34.2 46.55 6.554 0.0218 -0.36925 0.502591 0.153854 0.201 0.2229 0.524 0.5244 48.57
5th floor 315.36 -37.56 49.96 3.094 0.02 -0.1191 0.158422 0.047412 0.063 0.0834 0.178 0.1784 56.27
4th floor 578.49 -31.41 32.1 3.094 0.02 -0.0543 0.055489 0.011575 0.022 0.0422 0.075 0.0755 43.67
3rd floor 850.31 -35.11 36.96 3.094 0.02 -0.04129 0.043467 0.009564 0.017 0.0374 0.063 0.0635 53.97
2nd floor 1130.6 -38.38 39.61 3.127 0.02 -0.03395 0.035036 0.007442 0.014 0.034 0.055 0.055 62.22
1st floor 1421.5 -40.04 42.92 3.143 0.02 -0.02817 0.030193 0.006849 0.012 0.0321 0.05 0.0502 71.35
ground 1740 -24.16 26.03 4.959 0.02 -0.01389 0.01496 0.003422 0.006 0.026 0.035 0.035 60.83
Basem. 2111.3 -11.04 16.42 2.835 0.02 -0.00523 0.007777 0.002575 0.003 0.0231 0.028 0.0278 58.65
determination of design moment Y-Z

column N(KN) M1 M2 le ea eo1 e02 ee1 e etot1 etot2 e Mz
6th floor 92.62 -38.65 40.92 6.554 0.0218 -0.4173 0.441805 0.098165 0.177 0.1986 0.464 0.4637 42.94
5th floor 315.36 -43.29 44.95 3.094 0.02 -0.13727 0.142536 0.030613 0.057 0.077 0.163 0.1625 51.26
4th floor 578.49 -43.64 44 3.094 0.02 -0.07544 0.07606 0.015461 0.03 0.0504 0.096 0.0961 55.57
3rd floor 850.31 -40.5 40.83 3.094 0.02 -0.04763 0.048018 0.009759 0.019 0.0392 0.068 0.068 57.84
2nd floor 1130.6 -36.87 37.18 3.127 0.02 -0.03261 0.032886 0.006687 0.013 0.0332 0.053 0.0529 59.79
1st floor 1421.5 -31.85 32.74 3.143 0.02 -0.02241 0.023032 0.004857 0.009 0.0292 0.043 0.043 61.17
ground 1740 -20.21 26.34 4.959 0.02 -0.01162 0.015138 0.004437 0.006 0.0261 0.035 0.0351 61.14
Basem. 2111.3 -18.43 32.36 2.835 0.02 -0.00873 0.015327 0.005705 0.006 0.0261 0.035 0.0353 74.59
Step 5: Column Reinforcement Design

According to EBCS 2-1995, sec 7.2 & 5.2
 Area of vertical reinforcement shall not be less than 0.008Ac or more
than 0.08Ac. The upper limit shall be observed even where bars
overlap.
 The spacing of vertical bars shall not exceed twice the wall thickens
or 300 mm.
 Area of steel provided, Number of bars, diameters of bars are all
shown on reinforcement bar table which is designed by using column
chart.
Three sections are used:
-From 6th to 3rd floor circular column of diameter 300mm.
-From 3rd to ground floor circular column of diameter 400mm &
-For basement floor circular column of diameter 500mm.
86
Uniaxial chart No.11 used
C-30
S-460
Ac1(m2) 0.071Ac2(m2) 0.126Ac3(m2) 0.196

Asmin(m2) 0.000568Asmin(m2) 0.00101Asmin(m2) 0.00157
Asmax(m2) 0.00568Asmax(m2) 0.0101Asmax(m2) 0.0157
column My Mx N Mresultant v μ ω As
6th floor 48.57344 42.94343827 92.62 64.83454168 0.10 0.22 0.55 1322.42
5th floor 56.2672 51.2572 315.36 76.11371984 0.33 0.26 0.62 1490.72
4th floor 43.6698 55.5698 578.49 70.6756967 0.60 0.24 0.6 1442.64
3rd floor 53.9662 57.8362 850.31 79.10358255 0.88 0.27 0.9 2163.96
2nd floor 62.2212 59.7912 1130.56 86.29290427 0.66 0.13 0.325 1389.21
1st floor 71.3504 61.1704 1421.52 93.98243142 0.83 0.14 0.475 2030.38
ground 60.8296 61.1396 1739.98 86.24552698 1.02 0.13 0.575 2457.83
basement 58.6452 74.5852 2111.26 94.87998494 0.98 0.10 0.32 2137.24
Table continued
As(min) As(max) As bar n As(prov.)
565.74 5657.4 1322.417 6.58 7Φ16 1407
565.74 5657.4 1490.725 7.42 8Φ16 1608
565.74 5657.4 1442.637 7.2 8Φ16 1608
565.74 5657.4 2163.956 6.885 7Φ20 2198
1005.76 10057.6 1389.206 4.42 6Φ20 1884
1005.76 10057.6 2030.378 6.46 7Φ20 2198
1005.76 10057.6 2457.826 7.82 8Φ20 2512
1571.5 15715 2137.24 6.8 7Φ20 2198
Check shear reinforcement

ρ k1 k2 fctd Vc Vrd Vsd check
6th floor 0.022243 2 1.45 1.165 59.67 240.21 8.82concrete is adeq
3rd floor 0.031141 2 1.45 1.165 59.67 240.21 13.93concrete is adeq
2nd floor 0.012512 2 1.4 1.165 57.62 427.04 14.8concrete is adeq
1st floor 0.017517 2 1.4 1.165 57.62 427.04 7.61concrete is adeq
ground 0.020019 2 1.4 1.165 57.62 427.04 8.7concrete is adeq
basement 0.011211 2 1.35 1.165 55.56 667.25 7.93concrete is adeq
Diameter of link is greater of 6mm
(1/4) Ф=5mm
Spacing of links 12* Ф=240
87
Dimensions of column=300mm
300mm
Provide Ф6mm c/c 240mm
RETAINING WALL DESIGN

Retaining walls are structures which retain ground. Material is retained if it is
kept at a slope steeper than it would eventually adopt if no structure were
present. Retaining structures include all types of walls and support systems in
which structural elements are combined with soil or rock.
A retaining wall should be designed for the basement with the following data.
=17KN/m3
=30
C=0
88
W4
0.3m
1
3.64m
W1 48
4.04m
W5 W2
2.35m
PA 2.69m
0.97m 0.08m 0.67m
1m
W3 0.337m
Pa Heel Toe
B=2.02m
1  Sin
Ka 
1  Sin
Trial #1
Horizontal Force
Pa  Ka *  * H =0.33*17*2.69=15.09KN/m2
PA  0.5 * Pa * H = 0.5*15.09*2.69=20.296KN/m
H
y = 0.896m
3
Vertical Forces
Weight(KN/m) Moment Arm(x) Moment

W1=0.3*3.64*25=27.3 1.12 30.58 Wi=107.21KN/m
W2=0.5*0.08*3.64*25=3.64 1.29 4.69
W3=2.02*0.337*25=28.58 1.09 31.15
W4=8.89 1.12 9.95 Mi=95.17KN*m/m
W5=17*2.35*0.97=38.8 0.485 18.8
STABILITY CHECK
 Check for Sliding
Fresisting
F .S 
Facting
Fresisting  Wi * tan 

89
=107.21*tan 30
=61.89
Facting  PA =20.296
F.S=3.052 OK!
 Check for Overturning
Mr
F.S =
Mo
Mo  PA * y =0.896*20.29=18.2
Mr   Mi =95.17
F.S=5.22 OK!
 Check for Bearing capacity

Using Terzaghi's equation,
qult  CNc  qNq  0.5 BN where N=19.7 for =30
Since our soil is cohesionless with C=0 and assuming that the soil can be
excavated
any time, our equation becomes:
qult=0.5BN
=0.5*17*2.02*19.7=338.3KN/m2
Bearing capacity qall = 0.28Mpa (for loose cohesion less soil, subsoil class c
From EBCS 7,1995)
qult
F .S 
qall
338.2
= 280
=1.2<2 NOT OK!
B ( Mr  Mo)
e 
2  Wi
e = 1.01- (76.97)
107.21
e =0.29<B/6=0.336m
Further Increase in the width of the retaining wall is required.
Trial #2
W4
0.15m
1
3.64m
W1 48
90
4.04m
W5 W2
2.59m
PA 2.69m
1.86m 0.08m 1.12m
1m
W3 0.25m
Pa Heel Toe
B=3.36m
Horizontal Force
PA=20.29KN/m
y=0.896m
Vertical Forces
Weight(KN/m) Moment Arm(x) Moment

W1=0.15*3.64*25=9.1 1.91 17.38
W2=0.5*0.08*3.64*25=3.64 2.05 7.4
W3=0.25*3.36*25=8.4 1.68 14.1
W4=8.89 1.91 16.9
W5=2.35*1.86*17=74.3 0.93 69.1
Wi=104.3KN/m Mi=124.8KN*m/m
STABILITY CHECK
 Check for Sliding
F.S= F resisting
F acting
Fresisting  Wi * tan 
=104.3*tan 30
=60.02
F acting=PA=20.296
F.S=2.92 OK!
 Check for Overturning
Mr
F .S 
Mo
Mo=PA*y=0.896*20.29=18.2
91
Mr=Mi=124.8
F.S=5.8 2 OK!
 Check for Bearing capacity

Using Terzaghi's equation,
qult  CNc  qNq  0.5 BN where N=19.7 for =30
Since our soil is cohesionless with C=0 and assuming that
the soil can be excavated any time, our equation becomes:
qult=0.5BN
=0.5*17*3.36*19.7=562.6KN/m2
Bearing capacity qall = 0.28Mpa (for loose cohesion less soil, subsoil class
c)
From EBCS 7
qult
F .S 
qall
562.6
= 280
=2.01>2 OK!
B ( Mr  Mo)
e 
2  Wi
e = 1.68- (106.6)
104.3
e =0.48 < B/6=0.66m OK!
q max at the Heel,

q max 
Wi 1  6e  =57.4 qall OK!
B  B
q min at the Toe,
q min 
 Wi 1  6e  =4.42 0 OK!
B  B
Analysis for Design

We can calculate moments at critical sections like at the base of the stem, at the
end of the toe and at the beginning of the heel.
Stem
pa'=12.9 & PA'=14.8 with y'=0.77m
Vs= PA'=0.5*12.9*2.3=14.8KN
Ms  PA * y ' =14.8*0.77=11.4KNm
W4
W1
PA'
92
pa'
Vs
Ms
Toe
q toe=4.42+17.66=22.08
Vt=(8.4*1.12)-(4.42*1.12)-(17.66*0.5*1.12)=-5.39KN
Mt= -(8.4*1/2*1.12*1.12)+(4.42*1/2*1.12*1.12)+(1/2*1.12*17.66*1/3*1.12)
Mt =1.19KNm
W3=8.4
Mt
Vt
q min=4.42
q toe
Heel
q heel= 23.66+4.42=28.08
Vh=(82.7*1.86)-(28.08*1.86)-(0.5*52.98*1.86) =52.35KN
Mh=(82.7*0.5*1.86*1.86)-(4.42*1.86*0.5*1.86)-(0.5*1.86*52.98*1/3*1.86)
Mh=104.86KN.m
W=8.4+74.3=82.7KN/m
Vh Vh Mh
q heel
q max=57.4
Design
Using S-400
C-25
m=38.76
Stem
Ms=11.4KNm
b=1000mm
Check Depth,
Mu
d 
0.2952 * b * fcd
d=58.3mm
D=58.3+50+8+8=124.3mm take D=130mm <150mm OK!

d=150-8-8-50=84mm
1.25  2 Md 
= 1  1   and
m   bd 2 fcd 

93
0.6
 min  =0.0015
f yk
Since =0.0117>  min  0.0015
As=*b*d=682.11mm2/m
Use 4 bars with  16mm c/c 240mm
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcements=0.2*As

=0.2*682.11
=136.42mm2/m
Use 3 bars with Ф 8 mm c/c 330mm
Toe
Mt=1.9KNm
b=1000
Check Depth,
Mu
d 
0.2952 * b * fcd
d=23.8mm
D=23.88+8+8+50=90mm<150mm OK!
d=150-8-8-50=84mm
1.25  2 Md 
= 1  1  
m   bd 2 fcd 

0.6
 min 
f yk =0.0015
=0.00079<  min  0.0015
As=*b*d=126mm2/m
Use 3 bars with  8mm c/c 330mm
Heel
Mh=104.89KNm
b=1000
Check Depth,
Mu
d 
0.2952 * b * fcd
d=176mm
D=176+8+8+50=242mm>150mm Section is doubly reinforced
560  fcd 
 bal =  
700  fyd  fyd 
 bal =0.0243
 max =0.71*  bal
 max =0.017
The capacity of the section if singly reinforced,
Mu 2  0.8 * b * d 2 fcd  max m1  0.4m max 
=30.8KNm <Mu=104.89KNm
Reinforcement for Mu2
As=*b*d=1428
Use 8  16mm bars
94
Moment Carried by compression steel
Mu1=Mu-Mu2
=73.2KNm
d'=50+8+8=66mm
Mu1
As' 
fyd  d  d '
As'=998
Use 5  16mm bars
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Since the exterior column is the most stressed column of all, it selected for the
design purpose. An isolated type of footing is chosen for design and the soil is
considered to be a loose cohesionless soil with a presumed bearing capacity
σall = 0.28Mpa according to (EBCS- 7, 1995 section 6.10.2).The calculation is
done using an excel temple with the following steps.
95
Steps for calculation:
 Calculation of eccentricity
ex = My/p
ey = Mx/p
 Loading cases
6 * ex 6 * e y
σ=P/A (1   )
b l
A= area of footing
B= dimensions of footing
 Depth Determination:
A) Punching shear
VRD = 0.25 * fctd * k1 * k 2 * U * d
0.21 * 3 fck 2
fctd  , fck characteristics strength of
c
concrete
γ c=1.5
k1= (1  50 *  e )  2
e   ex *  ey  0.015
k2= 1.6  d  1 , d effective depth
U =perimeter of critical section for punching
B) Acting Shear
96
Vu = p- ( c x  3 * d ) * ( c y  3 * d ) av
C) Wide beam shear
Vud = 0.25 * fctd * k1 * k 2 * b * d
D)Acting Shear
Vw=  av * b * (0.5 * l  0.5 * c x  d , σav =average stress
 Reinforcement
 l2
MU= av
2
 2 * M U 0.5  fcd
ρ= 1  (1  )
 bd 2 fcd  fyd
0.85 * fck
fcd 
1.5
AS = ρbd
97

Final Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Final Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1.

DESIGN DATA AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

With reference to EBCS 1 and EBCS 2-1995

1.2 Reinforcement STEEL

1.3 UNIT WEIGHT OF MATERIALS

1.4 DESIGN METHOD

1.5 Design Load with partial safety factors

According to EBCS 1,1995 table 3.2 terrain categories and related

Procedure from EBCS -1 Appendix A

For Region F, cpe =cpe,1+(cpe,10-cpe,1)*log A

 Maximum positive Cpe=+0.2

Net positive =0.086+0.214=0.3kpa

Depth from serviceability;

Case1:- when the left support is discontinuous

Case2:- when the left support is continuous

b) When the right support is continuous

3.2 GROUND FLOOR

Depth from serviceability;

The irregular slab is approximated by rectangle

The cantilever part

Design of two way slab

C1 Msd(1) 10.18 130 0.00237 308.62Ø8C/C 162.98 160 314.38

C2 Msd(1) 10.55 130 0.00246 320.18Ø8C/C 157.10 150 335.33

3.3 MEZZANINE FLOOR

Case 1:- When the bottom support is discontinuous

The cantilever part

Design of two way slab

C1 Msd(1) 14.91 130 0.00353 458.264Ø10C/C 171.30 170 461.76

3.4 RIBBED SLAB (1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th floor)

Ribbed slab cross section

Depth determination according EBCS 2

Rib spacing = 400mm<1000mm--------ok!

Material γ (KN/m3) Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Loading (KN/m)

 Shopping area belongs to category D on EBCS 1, 1995. Live

Live load=5 KN/ m2*.4m=2KN/m

fcd= 11.33 be= 400

fyd= 260.84 bw= 100

section Msd(sup.) Msd(span) ρ As BARSф NObar NObar(prov.)

check up for shear reinforcement

3.5 THE 6TH FLOOR SLAB

Moment & shear envelopment

fcd= 11.33 be= 400

check depth d= 196.7713-----singly reinforced!

section Msd(sup.) Msd(span) ρ As BARSф NObar NObar(prov.)

check up for shear reinforcement

section shear ρ K1 K2 vc check

The solid slab part

Design of the solid way slab

C1 Msd(1) 11.38 130 0.00266 346.187Ø10C/C 226.76 220 356.82

4. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

*Dead load of the stair

*max. Span moment is

1) Depth from serviceability

*max. Span moment is

*max. Span moment is

4.3 ANALYSIS of STAIR CASE 3

*max. Span moment is

*max. Span moment is

*Dead load from landing

*max. Span moment is

5.5 ANALYSIS of STAIR CASE 5

1) Depth from serviceability

*Dead load from landing

As= bed= 0.0018581350357=895.46mm2