Laws of Motion

Prepared by
Dr. Ahmed Abdelbaset
1. Force
The Force 𝐹Ԧ is a vector quantity.
Example: 4.1
Find the direction and amount of the resultant
forces as shown in figure.

Solution
To find the force vector, asume the direction of the positive horizontal axis to
the right..

∑𝐹Ԧ = 200 i − 70 i − 60 i − 40 i = 30 i

So, the resultant of the powers is 30 𝑁 with direction to the right.

2. Newton's First Law of Motion
In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest
and an object in motion continues in motion with a constant
velocity.
An object at rest stay at rest An object acted upon by a
balanced force stay at rest

∑𝐹Ԧ = 0
𝑣Ԧ 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

An object moves with a constant velocity stay moves at the same velocity
2. Newton's First Law of Motion
Example: 4.2
Static body subjected to three forces as shown in figure, find the magnitude of
F3Ԧ , F2Ԧ
Solution
As long as the object is static, the resultant force acting on it is equal to zero in
both the vertical and horizontal components.

∑𝐹𝑥Ԧ = 𝐹3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝐹1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 0

𝐹1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠60
𝐹3 = = = 5.8 𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠30

∑𝐹𝑦Ԧ = 𝐹1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 + 𝐹3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝐹2 = 0

𝐹2 = 𝐹1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 + 𝐹3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 10𝑠𝑖𝑛60 + 5.8𝑠𝑖𝑛30 = 11.6 𝑁
3. Newton's Second Law of Motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net
force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Example: 4.4
What is the mass of a body weight on the
surface of the Earth 24.4 N?
Solution
𝐹𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎

𝐹𝑤
𝑚=
𝑎 ∑F = ma (Newton N)
24.4
= = 2.5 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚
9.8 1𝑁 =
𝑠2
3. Newton's Second Law of Motion
y
2. Find the component of acceleration in x and y
Fy = 10 N F = 20 N direction.
𝐹𝑥 17.3 𝑚
𝒎 𝑎𝑥 = = = 3.46 2
a = 4 𝒔𝟐 𝑚 5 𝑠
ax = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟔
𝒎 𝐹𝑥 10 𝑚
𝒔𝟐 Θ=30 𝑎𝑦 = = =2 2
x 𝑚 5 𝑠
𝒎
ax = 𝟐 Fx = 17.3 N
m = 5 kg 𝒔𝟐 3. Find the magnitude of acceleration.
𝐹 20 𝑚
𝑎= = =4 2
𝑚 5 𝑠
1. Find the component of forces in x and y Or
direction. 𝑚
𝑎= 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑎𝑦2 = 3.462 + 22 =4 2
𝑠
𝐹𝑥 = 20 cos 30 = 17.3 𝑁 4. Find the direction of acceleration.
The direction of acceleration is the same direction of force.
𝐹𝑦 = 20 si𝑛 30 = 10 𝑁 Or
−1
𝑎𝑦 −1
2
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 30°
𝑎𝑥 3.46
4. Newton's Third Law of Motion
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: 4.5
A static object lying on a table as shown in the
figure, how much reaction force 𝑛Ԧ is the object
exposed to?

𝐹Ԧ12 = −𝐹Ԧ21
Solution
𝐹Ԧ12 = −𝐹Ԧ21

n = W = 200

reaction force 𝑛Ԧ exposed on the object is 200 N