Good day everyone, my name is Edrick L.

Paras, I am a first year, bachelor of computer engineering

student. And I am here today to discuss the patterns and diagrams in mathematics.

Mathematics is all about numbers. It involves the study of different patterns. And There are two types of
pattern that I will be discussing today, which are number patterns and patterns in nature.

Number patterns are very common in Mathematics. These are quite familiar to the students who study
Math frequently. Especially, number patterns are everywhere in Mathematics. So we will discuss first,
what is a Number pattern, and what are the subtypes of number patterns.

A list of numbers that follow a certain sequence is known as patterns or number patterns.

For example, a simple set of numbers from 1-10 is already a pattern.

The different types of number patterns are arithmetic pattern, geometric pattern, Fibonacci pattern and
so on. Now, let us take a look at the three different patterns here.

First, we have the arithmetic pattern which is also called the algebraic pattern, In an arithmetic pattern,
the sequences are based on the addition or subtraction of the terms. If two or more terms in the
sequence are given, we can use addition or subtraction to find the arithmetic pattern.

For example, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, __, 14, __. Now, we need to find the missing term in the sequence.

Here, we can use the addition process to figure out the missing terms in the patterns.

In the pattern, the rule used is “Add 2 to the previous term to get the next term”.

In the example given above, take the second term (4). If we add “2” to the second term (4), we get the
third term 6.

Similarly, we can find the unknown terms in the sequence.

For us to get the first missing term we will just add 2 to the previous term, which is 10. Therefore, 10+2
= 12

Same process in getting the second missing term. Just add 2 to the previous term which is 14. So, 14+2 =
16

Hence, the complete arithmetic pattern is 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.

Next, we have geometric pattern, this is defined as the sequence of numbers that are based on the
multiplication and division operation. Similar to the arithmetic pattern, if two or more numbers in the
sequence are provided, we can easily find the unknown terms in the pattern using multiplication and
division operation.

For example, 8, 16, 32, __, 128, __. 

It is a geometric pattern, as each term in the sequence can be obtained by multiplying 2 with the
previous term.

For example, 32 is the third term in the sequence, which is obtained by multiplying 2 with the
previous term 16.

Likewise, we can find the unknown terms in the geometric pattern.

For us to get the first missing term we will just multiply the previous term which is 32 by 2. So 32
times 2 we get 64.

Same process in getting the second missing term. Just multiply the previous term which is 128 by 2.
So 128 times 2, we get 256.

Hence, the complete geometric pattern is 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256.

The Fibonacci Pattern is defined as the sequence of numbers, in which each term in the sequence is
obtained by adding the two terms before it, starting with the numbers 0 and 1. The Fibonacci pattern
is given as  0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … and so on.

So the explanation for this is for example,

To get the third term we just need to add the First term and Second term, so 0+1 = 1

Another one, to get the fourth term, just add the second term and Third term, so 1+1 = 2

So just add the two preceding numbers then you’ll get the number after it.

Now we are done talking about the number patterns, next we will talk about the patterns in nature.

Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world. These patterns recur in
different contexts and can sometimes be modelled mathematically. Natural patterns include fractals,
spirals, and voronois.

First, we’ll talk about fractals, fractals is a kind of pattern that we observe often in nature and in art.
As Ben Weiss explains, “whenever you observe a series of patterns repeating over and over again,
at many different scales, and where any small part resembles the whole, that’s a fractal.”

Examples of a fractal are snowflakes, lightning, and ferns

Next are spirals, so spirals are curved patterns that occur naturally in plants and natural systems,
including the weather. They were studied by mathematicians including Leonardo Fibonacci, who
tried to understand order in nature. Spirals have also been the inspiration for architectural forms and
ancient symbols.

Examples of a spiral are Pine cones, pineapples, and hurricanes.

Last is a Voronoi, In a Voronoi pattern, every point within a given region is closer to the “seed” inside
that region than it is to any other point outside that region. Each point along a region's edge is
equidistant from the two nearest seeds. It's seen in places ranging from cracked mud to giraffe skin
to foamy bubbles.

So what are the Patterns in nature again? We have Fractals, Spirals and Voronois

Now we are done talking about the Patterns in Math, now let’s move on to the diagrams in Math

So what are Diagrams in Math?

Math diagrams make it easier for academics and professionals to convey some form of
mathematical relationship. These illustrations can be related to algorithms, velocity, mass, simple
comparisons, and even timelines. Students move from a verbal presentation to a visual form, one
which is later easier to explain.

There are basic math diagrams that most academics will encounter in high school. Others offer
calculations and illustration possibilities for more advanced career levels.

Now let’s talk about the first common type of Math diagram which is known as Argand Diagram

In argand diagram, Complex numbers can be plotted as a set of numbers forming a vector, which
translates to easier plotting of poles of a given function. Horizontal axes represent real parts, while
vertical ones cover the complex bits.

Shown below is an example of an argand diagram, For example, the complex number z = 3+4i is
represented as a point in the xy plane with coordinates (3, 4) as shown in the Figure. That is, the
real part, 3, is plotted on the x axis, and the imaginary part, 4, is plotted on the y axis.

So that is for the argand diagram.

Next common type is Petri nets

So what is a Petri net?
The Petri Net is a type of graph in which the nodes graphically represent an event occurring and
conditions illustrated in the form of circles. The directed curves illustrate conditions before or after a
certain condition.
The example (a) below has two initial tokens; without the token in place R, the
transition 3 and 4 will never fire. The token in place R may be considered to
represent a resource that is required to perform transitions 3 and 4. Such a resource
may be a tool, machine, or a person doing the job of these transitions.

Last diagram and the most common type of diagram which I’ll discuss is the Venn
diagram

We already what is a venn diagram, it is an illustration with overlapping circles which

show the relationship between objects, or a finite amount of objects. The circles can
list any type of comparisons, be it mechanical characteristics, functions, or other
interrelated objects. Most students use Venn diagrams in basic math classes, but
they are also applied in statistics and quantitative analysis.

So an example of a venn diagram is shown below

In our venn diagram, we are trying to compare and contrast the odd numbers and
numbers greater than 10

It is shown that the difference between the both is that in odd the numbers are
1,3,5,7, and 9.

Whereas in the numbers greater than 10, the numbers are 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20.

Between them shows their similarities, which are the numbers 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19.
So those are the Diagrams in math, what are the diagrams again? We have argand
diagram, petri net, and venn diagram.

Quick recap, we have discussed about the Patterns in Math which are Number
patterns and Patterns in nature. Also, we have discussed the diagrams in math.

So that ends our discussion, thank you for listening and I hope you have a great day.
Thank you!