Computer Networks

IT 74 | IT Application Tools in Business

 Network
Information travels among the CPU, memory, and other
components within a computer as electrical impulses that
move along collections of parallel wires called buses. A network
extends the range of these information pulses, allowing them
to travel to other computers. Computer networks come in all
shapes and sizes, but most can be categorized as either local
area networks or wide area networks.
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 Network
A computer network is any system of two or more
computers that are linked together.

COMPONENTS:
Hardware. Networks enable people to share computer
hardware resources, reducing costs and making it
possible for more people to take better advantage of
powerful computer equipment.

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 Network
Software. Networks enable people to share data and
software programs, increasing efficiency and
productivity.

People. Networks enable people to work together, play

together, and communicate in ways that are otherwise
difficult or impossible.

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 Networking Devices
• Modem
• Hub
• Switch
• Router
• Bridge
• Repeater and
WiFi Extender
• Client and
Server devices

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 Networking Media
Twisted-Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for
telephone communications and most modern Ethernet
networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data.
The pairs are twisted to provide protection against crosstalk,
the noise generated by adjacent pairs. When electrical current
flows through a wire, it creates a small, circular magnetic field
around the wire.

Two basic types of twisted-pair cable exist: unshielded

twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP).

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 Networking Media
UTP

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 Networking Media
UTP

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 Networking Media
STP

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 Networking Media
Twisted-Pair Cable

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 Networking Media
Coaxial Cable

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 Networking Media
Fiber Optic Cable

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 Networking Media
Wireless Connection
Wireless communication uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR)
waves to transmit data between devices on a LAN. For wireless LANs,
a key component is the wireless hub, or access point, used for signal
distribution.

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 Types/Areas of Network
• Local Area Network
• Wide Area Network
• Campus Area Network
• Metropolitan Area Network
• Home Area Network
• Internet

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 Network Topologies
• Mesh

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 Network Topologies
• STAR

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 Network Topologies
• BUS

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 Network Topologies
• RING

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 Network Topologies
• TREE

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 Network Protocols
Internet Protocol is the governing rules followed
during communication between network devices.
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secured (HTTPS)
• File Transfer Protocol
• DNS (Domain Name Service)

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 Network Protocols
Wireless Network
• Bluetooth
• Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)
• Global System for
Mobile communication
(GSM)
• Long Term Evolution
(LTE)

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Internet, Email and Cloud Services

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 Internet
➢defined as a worldwide network connecting to a million of
computers via dedicated routers and servers.
➢When computers are connected to the internet, end-users
could start sending and receiving different types of
information.

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 Internet
➢The World Wide Web (WWW) is referred to as the collection
of public websites that are connected to the internet
worldwide.
➢Web Browsers or simply "browser," is an application used to
access and view websites.
➢URL (Universal Resource Locator) complete web address
used to find a particular web page (http://www.google.com)
➢Domain name is the name of a website

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 Internet
➢Hypertext markup language (HTML) - is a standard markup language used for creating
web pages. HTML is classified as the set of markup symbols or codes appended in a file
intended for presentation on a World Wide Web browser page.

Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

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 Google search tricks
1. Use quotes to search for an exact phrase
2. Use an asterisk within quotes to specify unknown or variable
words.
3. Use the minus sign to eliminate results containing certain
words.
4. Search websites for keyword
5. Compare using “vs”
6. Use “DEFINE:” to search for the meaning of words

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 Email
➢E-mail (electronic
mail) is "mail" that's
"electronically"
transmitted to you via
computer.
Example: Gmail, yahoo
Mail, Mail.com, iCloud
Mail

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 Parts of an email message
• Headers The message headers contain information concerning the sender and recipients. The exact content of
mail headers can vary depending on the email system that generated the message. Generally, headers contain
the following information:
• Subject. Subject is a description of the topic of the message and displays in most email systems that list email
messages individually.
• Sender (From). This is the sender's Internet email address. It is usually presumed to be the same as the Reply-
to address, unless a different one is provided.
• Date and time received (On). The date and time the message was received.
• Reply-to. This is the Internet email address that will become the recipient of your reply if you click the Reply
button.
• Recipient (To:). First/last name of email recipient, as configured by the sender.
• Recipient email address. The Internet mail address of the recipient, or where the message was actually sent.
• Attachments. Files that are attached to the message.
• Body - The body of a message contains text that is the actual content. The message body also may include
signatures or automatically generated text that is inserted by the sender's email system.

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 Cloud Services
• The term "cloud services" refers to
a wide range of services delivered
on demand to companies and
customers over the internet. These
services are designed to provide
easy, affordable access to
applications and resources, without
the need for internal infrastructure
or hardware

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 Advantages of Cloud Services
• The ability to scale
• Lowered costs
• Increased flexibility

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 Types of Cloud Services
• Software as a Service (SaaS) - encompasses a variety of services,
such as file storage and backup, web-based email and project
management tools.
Examples of SaaS cloud service providers include Dropbox, G Suite,
Microsoft Office 365, Slack and Citrix Content Collaboration.

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 Types of Cloud Services
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - provides the infrastructure that
many cloud service providers need to manage SaaS tools—but don’t
want to maintain themselves. It serves as the complete data center
framework, eliminating the need for resource-intensive, on-site
installations.
Examples of IaaS are Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure
and Google Compute Engine.

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 Types of Cloud Services
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) - serves as a web-based environment
where developers can build cloud apps. PaaS provides a database,
operating system and programming language that organizations can
use to develop cloud-based software, without having to maintain
the underlying elements.
Examples of PaaS area Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, Google
Cloud, IBM Cloud, Oracle Cloud.

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 How are cloud services delivered?
• Public cloud services - services that a provider makes
available to numerous customers over the web are referred
to as public cloud services. The SaaS, IaaS and PaaS examples
noted above are all providing public cloud-based services.
• Private cloud services - services that a provider does not
make generally available to corporate users or subscribers
are referred to as private cloud services. With a private cloud
services model, apps and data are made available through
the organization’s own internal infrastructure. The platform
and software serve one company alone, and are not made
available to external users.
• Hybrid Cloud Environment - private cloud solution is
combined with public cloud services.

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 -End-
Thank you!

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