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I. A

Liên từ là từ dùng để nối hai phần, hai mệnh đề ở trong câu lại với nhau.

Eg: This shop opens at 6 a.m and (it) closes at 7 p.m

i n từ k t h p

i n từ i n từ t ng h

i n từ ph thu c

Dùng loại liên từ này để nối những các từ loại hoặc c m từ/nhóm từ cùng m t loại, hoặc những
mệnh đề ngang hàng nhau (tính từ với tính từ, danh từ với danh từ ...)

Liên từ k t h p gồm:

• but = yet:

Eg: He is intelligent but very lazy.

She says she does not love me, yet I still love her.

• and:

Eg: She is a good and loyal wife.

• or:

Eg: We have to work hard, or we will fail the exam.

• nor:

Eg: That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt.

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• for:

Eg: He will surely succeed, for he works hard.

• so:

Eg: I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.

• both . . . and…

Eg: She is both beautiful and intelligent.

Both my brother and my friend like English.

• not only . . . but also…

Eg: He did the exercise not only quickly but also correctly.

I like playing not only tennis but also football.

• either . . . or ...

Eg: Either I or he is wrong.

I have either houses or cars.

• neither...nor....

Eg: He drinks neither wine nor beer.

Neither I nor he likes watching movies.

• whether . . . or ......

Eg: I wonder whether he loves me or not.

Loại liên từ ph thu c nối k t các nhóm từ, c m từ hoặc mệnh đề có chức năng khác nhau - mệnh
đề ph với mệnh đề chính trong câu.

• after: sau khi

Eg: After the train left, we went home.

• before tr ớc khi

Eg: I tried to finish my homework before my father came home.

• as soon as: ngay khi

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Eg: Write to me as soon as you can.

• As = when: khi

Eg: When/As you visit Berlin, send me a postcard.

• ince từ khi

Eg: I haven't seen him since he left his hometown to pursue his dream.

• As = since because bởi v

Eg: As/Since/Because you couldn't see the film, we'll tell you something about it.

• Until: cho đ n khi

Eg: He didn't notice anything strange until he heard a noise from upstairs.

• While: trong khi

Eg: Don't talk while you eat.

• Whereas trong khi trái ng c

Eg: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.

• Athough/though/even though mặc dù

Eg: Although it was after midnight, we did not feel tired.

• ven if kể c khi

Eg: Even if you are confident in your ability, never ever underestimate your opponents.

• If/unless n u/n u kh ng

Eg: Her baby cannot fall asleep unless she stays in the room.

• as long as mi n là

Eg: I will lend you my car as long as you promise to drive carefully.

• in case ph ng khi

Eg: In case it will rain, please take an umbrella when you go out.

• so that/in order that để

Eg: We left early so that we wouldn’t be caught in the traffic jam.

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Trạng từ liên k t là những trạng từ dùng để nối những t ởng những mệnh đề trong m t đoạn
văn.

1. T nố dù để thêm thông tin

• In addition h m vào đ

• urthermore n nữa th m nữa

• Moreover n nữa

• Additionally h m vào đ

• Also: H n nữa

• Again ại nữa

• Besides: ngoài ra

• What’s more n nữa

• esides goài ra

• Beside = next to = close to by b n cạnh

Eg: I really want to go to the party. Besides, it is close to/beside my house.

2. T nố

• As a result t qu là

• As a consequence t qu là

• Accordingly heo nh

• resultedly: t qu là

• consequently: Do đ

• therefore: Do đ

• hence/thus Do đ

3. T nố đố

• However: tuy nhiên

• Nevertheless: tuy nhiên

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• Nonetheless: tuy nhiên

• in contrast: rái lại

• on the contrary: rái lại

• Notwithstanding: tuy nhiên,

• still/yet: ấy th mà,

• on the other hand: mặt khác

• therwise n u kh ng th

Eg: My teacher helped me a lot. Otherwise, I wouldn't have passed the exam.

4 ố

• In fact: thực ra

• In practice: thực t là

• In theory: theo lý thuy t

• Indeed: thực sự là

Eg: He is a hard-working employee. Indeed, he works ten hours a day.

5 ố đ

• after all: sau tất c

• at last, finally: cuối cùng

• in brief: nói chung

• in conclusion: k t luận lại thì

• on the whole: nói chung

• to conclude để k t luận

• to summarize: Tóm lại

1. Who wrote you this love letter? - I'm not sure. I think it was _______ Michael _______ Paul.

A. both...and B. either...or C. neither...nor D. not...only

2. _______ Linda _______ Helen called to say sorry. I'm very sad and frustrated.

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A. Both...and B. Either...or C. Neither...nor D. Not only...but also

3. _______ Ryan _______ Susie have disappointed me. They didn't come to my birthday party.

A. both...and B. either...or C. neither...nor D. not only...but also

4. I've just eaten dinner _______ I'm not hungry

A. so B. and C. but D. or

5. _______ she was very tired, she helped her brother with his homework.

A. Because B. Whether C. Although D. So

6. Tom has a computer, _______ he doesn’t use it.

A. or B. as C. because D. but

7. _______ they live near us, we can see them very often.

A. So B. As C. Though D. Even

8. He is a very weak president; _______ most people support him.

A. otherwise B. indeed C. nevertheless D. namely

9. You need to work harder. _______, you'll get fired.

A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. In brief D. nevertheless

10. John has very little money; _______, his brother Jacob is a millionaire.

A. in contrast B. nonetheless C. similarly D. for example

11. It's late. You should go to bed now _______ you'll be tired tomorrow.

A. or B. but C. and D. so

12. I won't be home for Christmas _______ I will be there for New Year's.

A. or B. but C. and D. so

13. You should _______ disrespect _______ deceive your friends.

A. both...and B. either...or C. neither...nor D. not only...but also

14. I will take you _______ to the cinema _______ to the theatre. That's a promise.

A. both...and B. either...or C. neither...nor D. not only...but also

15. She is a very smart woman; _______, it is not at all surprising that she got the job.

A. nevertheless B. similarly C. therefore D. in conclusion

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16. We wanted to go to the beach; _______, it started to rain and we stayed at home.

A. otherwise B. however C. namely D. as a result

17. He tried his best; _______, he couldn't pass the exam.

A. still B. otherwise C. subsequently D. consequently

18. Lan woke up late _______ she didn’t have time for breakfast

A. so B. since C. as D. though

19. I like fish _______ I don’t like catching them myself.

A. or B. but C. so D. and

20. I totally disagree with his interpretation; _______, he's no authority on the subject.

A. then B. besides C. nevertheless D. for instance

Ex 2. Chọn m t trạng t liên k t thích h để hoàn thành câu.

1. Buying and living in a 200-year-old house would be interesting; ____________, it would probably be
very expensive to maintain.

2. You'll have to start taking better care of your body and stop smoking; ________, you'll die early.

3. Thao had a bad experience shopping at that store; __________, she decided never to shop there again.

4. Growing apples is an interesting hobby which provides me with a lot of pleasure; ________, I don't
need to buy apples at the store.

5. Patricia and Karl lost interest in each other; __________, they both agreed to a divorce.

6. The jury found the man found guilty on all charges of murder; _______, he was sentenced to life in
prison.

7. I would like to see the new exhibit; _____, there might not be enough time to do that.

8. My friend, Jeff, wants to ask Wanda out on a date; _____, he's too nervous.

9. Golf is a very fun sport; ________________, it's very expensive.

10. You should buy these boots while they're on sale; _________, you'll have to pay full price next week.

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