Name: Eucel A. Peñarubia Date: Oct.

6, 2021
Section: PM 104 Score:
Group #:

REPORT SHEET
Experiment No. 2
The Body of Plants

I. DATA AND RESULTS: (Whole Plant)

1. Ampalaya/Tomato/Okra
Ampalaya- Momordica charantia
Scientific name: _________________________________________

Fruit

Leaves

Flower
Roots

2. Tanglad/Rice/Pandan
Tanglad- Cymbopogon citratus
Scientific name: __________________________________________

Leaves Roots

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B. Fill in the table with observation details.
LEMONGRASS Ampalaya
1. Root System
MONOCOT DICOT
- Fibrous root system - Taproot root system
-Moniliform (Beaded roots)

2. Leaves
MONOCOT DICOT
- barbed wire grass - netted
-parallel venation - heart-shaped at the base.
- elongated leaves - rounded in outline
- Lemon grass can reach a height of 1.8 m - it has spiral tendrils
(6 ft) - each leaf is 4-10 cm long
- sessile leaves

3. Stems
MONOCOT DICOT
- red base stems - herbaceous stem
- tendril-bearing vine grows to 5 meters

4. Flowers
MONOCOT DICOT
- doesn't have flowers - dioecious flowers
- yellow petals
- five oval petals
- the flowers have at least 10-20 cm long
- five central stamens
- Male flowers larger than female flowers

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II. OBSERVATIONS:
According to my observations, monocots and dicots differ in terms of their root systems,
stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

System of Roots
In these tables, the monocots have an adventitious fibrous root system, whereas the
dicots have a Taproot root system and a Moniliform root system (Beaded roots). As a result, we
can conclude that the plant is more firmly established than the fibrous root system, whereas
the fibrous root system is more advantageous in rain forest environments because it provides
better anchorage and prevents soil erosion.

Leaves
Monocots have barbed wire grass, parallel venation, elongated leaves, sessile leaves,
and lemongrass can reach a height of 1.8 m (6 ft), whereas dicots have netted leaves that are
heart-shaped at the base, rounded in outline, have spiral tendrils, and each leaf is 4-10 cm long.
As a result, we can conclude that monocot leaves are significantly longer than dicot leaves.

Stem
Monocot stems have red base stems, whereas dicots have herbaceous stems and
tendril-bearing vines that can grow to be 5 meters tall. As a result, we can conclude that only
dicots have tendril-bearing vines.

Flowers
Monocots do not have flowers, whereas dicots have dioecious flowers with yellow
petals, five oval petals, and flowers that are at least 10-20 cm long.

III. CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, studying monocot and dicot is important in botany because it is one of the
fundamental and necessary steps in learning or studying the body of plants. I learned that a
monocot is a short term for monocotyledon and a dicot is a short term for dicotyledon; these
are plant parts. A cotyledon is an embryonic leaf and it is the first leaf to appear once the seed
germinates, the embryonic leaf helping to store nutrients to the seed until the true leaves are
formed and synthesized in dicots.

In addition, I learn about the plant's structure and characteristics, such as roots, leaves,
stems, flowers, and fruits. The roots are in charge of the absurdity of the mineral and water in
the soil to aid plant growth. The process of photosynthesis and the collection of solar energy is
carried out by leaves. The stem is in charge of transporting water and minerals to the leaves, as
well as supporting the entire plant. The flower is important for pollination, but it is also
important for humans and animals because it provides natural medicine. According to Ben
Davis, the fruits' function is to disperse the seed and keep the seeds from dying. Fruits are also
beneficial to humans because they are one of our primary sources of food.

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 Furthermore, learning and understanding the structures of plants can help to better
care for and grow the potential for better plants to grow. As we study more, we can identify the
capacities of plant characteristics that can help future research or studies on the environment,
such as the current pandemic, have a significant contribution to human lives studies conducted
by allied health organizations such as researchers, scientists, pharmacists, and many others.

IV. ANSWERS TO RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the general characteristics of monocot and dicot plants.

Angiosperms are plants that have flowers and most of them are seeds. Angiosperms
are divided into two sections or parts: monocot and dicot. A monocot is a type of plant that
only has one cotyledon, a long narrow leaf, fibrous roots, scattered vascular bundles, and
flowers that are usually multiples of three. A dicot is a type of plant that has two cotyledons,
broad leaves, a taproot system, vascular bundles that are in a ring, and flowers that are usually
multiples of four and five.

2. Differentiate flowering from non-flowering plants.

-Flowering plants are plants that can produce flowers during their life cycles; all
members of this group are known as angiosperms. Pollination produces a seed, which is used to
reproduce this type of plant.

-Non-flowering plants are plants that do not have flowers in their plant system. Non-
flowering plants are divided into two groups: seedless vascular plants and seedless nonvascular
plants.

Moreover, seedless vascular plants this type of plant can still produce seeds; it is also
known as a gymnosperm, and it reproduces sexually. The Gymnosperms is a naked seed
because it has nothing covering it and thus cannot produce fruits, whereas seedless
nonvascular plants are plants that are often small and can absorb water without the aid of
roots. This is because this type of plant lacks the ability to produce seeds and lacks vascular
tissue.

3. Discuss the advantage of seed production to a flowering plant.

Seeds have advantages over angiosperms, such as protecting the embryo in harsh
environmental conditions, providing protection and nourishment to the developing embryo,
and producing a large number of seeds so that the plants can reproduce.
The seeds aid in the reproduction of plant species, and animals are one of the means
by which seeds are transferred to new locations. The seeds also aid in the production of the
plant's next generation; unlike the spore, which requires water to survive in harsh
environments, some seeds do not require water to grow or germinate.

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V. REFERENCES:
Kerala Agricultural University. (2019). Agriculture> Vegetables > Bitter Gourd (Momordia
charantia). Centre for e- Learning.
http://www.celkau.in/crops/vegetables/Bittergourd/bittergourd.aspx

Puttapakaswathi. (2020, July 13). Dear sir, the bittergourd roots have showing this symptoms,
pls suggest. [Photograph]. https://wiki.bighaat.com/d/982-dear-sir-the-bittergourd-roots-
have-showing-this-symptoms-pls-suggest

Winger, J. (2020, May 3). Lemongrass – How to Grow It and Use It. The Prairie Homestead.
https://www.theprairiehomestead.com/2014/11/lemongrass-grow-use.html

Yablonski, B. (2019, Dec. 9). How to Grow Lemongrass, A Tropical Herb. Gardener's Path.
https://gardenerspath.com/plants/herbs/grow-lemongrass/

Monocot vs. Dicot. (n. d.). Diffen. https://www.diffen.com/difference/Dicot_vs_Monocot

Cymbopogon. (2021, Oct. 5). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon

Soliveres, J. M. & Canoza, J. S. (n. d.). Ampalaya. Venngage.

https://venngage.net/p/50786/ampalaya

Bitter Gourd. ( 2021, Sept. 30). Vikaspedia. https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-

production/package-of-practices/vegetables-1/bitter-gourd

Riceweeds en - Cucurbitaceae - Momordica charantia L. (n.d.). PlantNet.

http://publish.plantnet-
project.org/project/riceweeds_en/collection/collection/information/details/MOMCH

Momordica charantia. ( 2021, Sept. 21). Wikipedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia

MooMooMath and Science. (2017, June 20). Difference between monocot vs dicot plants.
[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5E1gtU2K3xQ

Ames, H. (2021, Aug. 24). Characteristics of Monocots & Dicots. eHow.

https://www.ehow.com/info_8759682_characteristics-monocots-dicots.html

Thapro Science. (2020, April 7). Flowering & Non - flowering Plants. [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ap1UB3XUNrY

Cameron Duke, C. (2021, Sept. 30). Difference Between Flowering & Nonflowering Plants.
Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/kinds-of-seed-plants-13404717.html

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Kolte, S. (2018, March 15). Advantages of seed formation in plants. Topper Learning.
https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/what-are-the-advantages-of-seed-formation-in-
plants/12nvmtss

Carpenter, M. E. (2018, April 19). What Advantages Do Seeds Have Over Spores? Sciencing.
https://sciencing.com/duckweed-reproduce-5262856.html

Ben Davis, B. (2021, Feb. 5). What is the importance of fruits in plant reproduction?
Mvorganizing.org. https://www.mvorganizing.org/what-is-the-importance-of-fruits-in-plant-
reproduction/