BASICS OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

SEMESTER: I
PREPARED BY: Neha Patel
 PROPERTIES OF GAS

Definitions:-
• Vapour:- It can be defined as that state of the substance in
which the evaporation from its liquid state is not complete.
• Gas:- It is the state of a substance in which the evaporation from
the liquid state is complete.
• Perfect Gas:- A gas which strictly obeys all the gas laws under
all conditions of temperature and pressure is called a perfect gas.

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 LAWS PERTAINING TO GAS

• Boyle’s Law
• Charles Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law

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BOYLE’S LAW

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BOYLE’S LAW

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CHARLES LAW

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CHARLES LAW

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 GAY LUSSAC’S LAW

“The pressure of a gas varies with the absolute temperature

provided the volume occupied by the given mass of the gas is
constant”

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SHORTCUT OF LAWS

B G

V C T

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 COMBINED GAS LAW

In practice, pressure, volume and

temperature of a gas changes at the
same time. As the pressure
changes, Charles law cannot be
applied and as the temperature
changes, Boyle’s law cannot be
applied. By combining these two
laws the final conditions of the gas
can be determined.

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COMBINED GAS LAW

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 COMBINED GAS LAW

The magnitude of this constant depends upon the particular gas

and it is denoted by R , where R is called the characteristics gas
constant. For m kg of gas,

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 HEAT CAPACITY

The heat capacity measures the amount of heat necessary to raise

the temperature of an object or system by one degree Celsius.

An object’s heat capacity (symbol C) is defined as the ratio of the

amount of heat energy transferred to an object to the resulting
increase in temperature of the object.

C=Q/ΔT.

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 SPECIFIC HEAT

The specific heat is an intensive property that describes how much

heat must be added to a particular substance to raise its
temperature.

Two different specific heat

Specific heat at constant pressure(Cp)
Specific heat at constant volume(Cv)

The quantitative relationship between heat transfer and

temperature change contains all three factors:

Q=mcΔT

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 RELATION BETWEEN SPECIFIC
HEAT AND GAS CONSTANT

According to First Law of Thermodynamics,

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RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEAT

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 NON FLOW PROCESS

Non flow process is the one in which there is no mass interaction

across the system boundaries during the occurrence of the process.

Different types of non-flow process of perfect gases is given below,

1. Constant volume (Isochoric) process
2. Constant pressure (Isobaric) process
3. Constant Temperature (Isothermal) process
4. Adiabatic process
5. Polytropic process

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 CONSTANT VOLUME PROCESS

In a constant volume process,

the working substance is
contained in a rigid vessel.

Hence the boundaries of the

system are immovable and no
work can be done on or by
the system. This process is
also known as Isochoric
process.

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CONSTANT VOLUME PROCESS

A) Work done during the process

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CONSTANT VOLUME PROCESS

B) Relation between P,V and T

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CONSTANT VOLUME PROCESS

C) Heat Transferred

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CONSTANT VOLUME PROCESS

D) Change in Enthalpy

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 CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS

In an isobaric process, the process of the gas remains constant.

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CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS

A) Work done during the process

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CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS

B) Relation between P, V and T

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CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS

C) Change in Internal Energy

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CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS

D) Heat Transferred

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CONSTANT PRESSURE PROCESS

E) Change in Enthalpy

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 CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PROCESS

In an isothermal process, the

temperature remains constant
during the process. This process
follows Boyle’s law.
Thus the law of expansion or
compression for isothermal
process on p – V diagram is
hyperbolic as p is inversely varies
as V.
Thus this process is also known as
hyperbolic process or Constant
Internal energy process.

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PROCESS

A) Work done during the process

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PROCESS

A) Work done during the process

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PROCESS

B) Relation between P, V and T

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PROCESS

C) Change in Internal Energy

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CONSTANT TEMPERATURE PROCESS

D) Heat Transferred

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 ADIABATIC PROCESS

An adiabatic process is the

thermodynamic process in which
there is no heat interaction during
the process,
i.e. during the process Q = 0.
In these processes the work
interaction is there at the expense
of internal energy.
There is no supply of heat that
takes place during compression
process.
Frictionless adiabatic process is
known as isentropic process.

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EQUATION OF ADIABATIC PROCESS

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EQUATION OF ADIABATIC PROCESS

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