Solution:

Given Data:
P  165 kPa
T  69C

The gas constant for Carbon dioxide is:

RCO2  188.9 J/kg  K

The density of the carbon dioxide at the given pressure and temperature can be
calculated by using Ideal gas equation:
PV  mRT
m P
CO2  
V RCO2 T
165000 Pa

188.9 J/kg  K   69  273  K
 2.554 kg/m 3

The specific weight of Carbon dioxide is:

 CO2  CO2  g
 2.554 kg/m3  9.81 m/s 2
 25.055 N/m3
Solution:

Given Data:
h  600 mm
x  150 mm
k  7 N/mm

The weight of the falling body can be calculated by applying the principle of
energy conservation:

The potential energy possessed by the body till it compresses the spring = The
potential energy stored in the spring due to compression.

W   H  x  k  x2
2
kx 2
W
2 H  x
7 N/mm   150 mm 
2


2  600 mm  150 mm 
 105 N
Solution:

The component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction is:

  Rx   20 N  cos 40   30 N   16 N  sin 30 
 22.68 N   

The component of the resultant force in the vertical direction is:

  Ry   20 N  sin 40   15 N   16 N  cos 30 

 18.86 N   

The magnitude of the resultant force is:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 22.68 N    18.86 N 
2 2

 29.5 N

The direction of the resultant force in the counter-clockwise direction with the
horizontal is:

 18.86 
  tan 1  
 22.68 
 39.75
The distance of the resultant force from point A is calculated as:

R  cos 39.75 y   16 N  sin 30 4 m    20 N  cos 40 2 m 

y  2.762 m

R  sin 39.75 x   16 N  cos 30 2 m    20 N  sin 40 3 m 

x  3.514 m
Solution:

(1)

The component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction is:

  Rx   F1  cos 60    F2  cos 45 
  30 N  cos 60    35 N  cos 45 
 39.75 N

The component of the resultant force in the vertical direction is:

  Ry   F1  sin 60    F2  sin 45   F3

  30 N  sin 60    35 N  sin 45   40 N
 41.23 N

The magnitude of the resultant force is:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R1 

 39.75 N    41.23 N 
2 2

 57.27 N

The direction of the resultant force in the counter-clockwise direction with the
horizontal is:

 41.23 
1  tan 1  
 39.75 
 46.05
(2)

The component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction is:

  Rx   T1  cos 45    T2  cos 30   T3
  55 N  cos 45    30 N  cos 30   35 N
 99.87 N

The component of the resultant force in the vertical direction is:

  Ry   T1  sin 45    T2  sin 30 

  55 N  sin 45    30 N  sin 30 
 23.9 N

The magnitude of the resultant force is:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R2 

 99.87 N    23.9 N 
2 2

 102.7 N

The direction of the resultant force in the clockwise direction with the
horizontal is:

 23.9 
 2  tan 1  
 99.87 
 13.46
(3)

The component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction is:

  Rx   R1  cos 1    R2  cos  2 
  57.27 N  cos 46.05    102.7 N  cos 13.46 
 60.13 N

The component of the resultant force in the vertical direction is:

  Ry   R1  sin 1    R2  sin  2 
  57.27 N  sin 46.05    102.7 N  sin 13.46 
 65.14 N

The magnitude of the resultant force is:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R3 

 60.13 N    65.14 N 
2 2

 88.65 N

The direction of the resultant force in the clockwise direction with the
horizontal is:

 65.14 
3  tan 1  
 60.13 
 47.3

Q  m3 /s 
V
A  m2 
Solution:

Given Data:
mA  150 kg
mB  70 kg

Take the moment of all the forces about point D:

MD  0
 200 N  0.5 m    70 kg  9.81 m/s 2 1.5 m    T1  cos 351.5 m   0
T1  919.7 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

   Fy  0
 T1  cos 35    150 kg  9.81 m/s 2   200 N   70 kg  9.81 m/s 2    T3  cos    0
T3  cos    N.....................  1
The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

   Fx  0
  T1  sin 35    T3  sin    0
T3  sin   527.52 N.....................  2 

Divide equation (2) by equation (1):

 527.52
tan  
1605
 527.52 
  tan 1  
 1605 
 18.2

527.52 N
T3 
sin 18.2
 1689 N

Solution:

(a)

The Shear strain at corner D can be calculated as:

   1  1  5  
 xyD   90  tan 1    tan  
2   304   203  
   
   88.4 
2  180 
 0.0279 rad

(b)

The average normal strain that occurs along the side DA can be calculated as:

4 mm
 DA 
300 mm
 0.0133

(c)

The average normal strain that occurs along diagonal DB can be calculated as:
  6 mm    5 mm 
2 2

 DB 
 200 mm    300 mm 
2 2

 0.0216

ssurrounding  0
suniverse  ssystem  ssurroundings  0

Solution:

Given Data:

 bottom  28 MN/m 2

The neutral axis will pass from the centroid. The vertical distance of the
centroid from the bottom can be calculated as:
A1 y1  A2 y2
y
A1  A2


 100 mm 100mm  50 mm    50 mm  50mm  25 mm 
 10000  2500  mm 2
 58.33 mm from bottom

Thus, the bending stress at the top surface can be calculated as:

 bottom  top

y  100 mm  y 
28 MN/m 2  41.67 mm
 top 
58.33 mm
 20 MN/m 2
Solution:

Given Data:
W  80 lb

The component of the moment about the x-axis is:

 48 
M x   W  ft 
 12 
=   80 lb  4 ft 
  320 ft-lb 

The component of the moment about the y-axis is:

 24 
M y  W  ft 
 12 
=  80 lb  2 ft 
  160 ft-lb 

(a)

Thus, the moment due to the weight about point O is:


M O  M xi  M y j
=  320 ft-lb  i +  160 ft-lb  j
(b)

The magnitude of the moment is calculated as:

M O  M x2  M y2

 320    160 
2 2

358 ft-lb

Solution:

The free body diagram is shown below:

Take the moment of all the forces about A:

MA  0
 Fa  3 m    Fs  6 m    50 kN  9 m   0
Fa  2 Fs  150 kN  m.......................  1

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

  Fy  0
Fa  Fs  50 kN.......................  2 

Solve equation (1) and equation (2):

Fa  50 kN
Fs  100 kN

(a)

The stress in the Aluminium bar can be calculated as:

Fa
a     Ea a T 
Aa
50000 N

900 mm 2 
 70  103 MPa  23  106 /C  40 C 
 8.44 MPa  Tensile 

(b)

The stress in the Steel bar can be calculated as:

Fs
s    Es s T 
As
100000 N

600 mm 2 
 200  103 MPa  11.7  106 / C  40 C 
 260.27 MPa  Tensile 
Solution:

Given Data:

   kg/m3
   kg/m  s
d  2 cm
v  0.23 m/s

(a)

The Reynold’s number of the flow is calculated as:

 vd
Re 

917 kg/m3  0.23 m/s  0.02 m

0.26 kg/m  s
 16.224

(b)
The flow is laminar as:

Re  16.224   2000

(a)

The moment of force F about point O is calculated as:


MO    F  c i   F  a k

(b)

The moment of force about point A is calculated as:


M A   F  a k

Solution:

Given Data:

*The coordinates of point O is:  0, 0, 0 

*The coordinates of point B is:

 1.6 m,  0.8 m  sin 30, 0.8 m  cos 30    1.6,  0.4, 0.693 

*The coordinates of point C is:  0, 0.7 m, 1.2 m 

(a)

The equivalent force vector in the cable is:

  0  1.6  i +  0.7  0.4  j +  1.2  0.693  k 

R  750 N  
 1.6    1.1   0.507 
2 2 2

  598i + 411j + 189.5k  N

(b)

The moment of the force about O is calculated as:

M O   1.2i  0.4 j +0.693k  m   598i + 411j + 189.5k  N
  361i  718 j + 419k  N  m

Solution:

Given Data:
m f  100 kg
mm  80 kg
L1  1.5 m
L2  1 m
L3  0.75 m
 f / f  0.3
 s / f  0.4

(a)

The friction force between the shoes and floor is:

Fs / f  s / f  mm  g
 0.4  80 kg  9.81 m/s 2
 313.92 N

The friction force between the fridge and floor is:

Ff / f   f / f  m f  g
 0.3 100 kg  9.81 m/s 2
 294.3 N

Fs / f  F f / f
Since . The fridge will move.

(b)

The net moment acting on the refrigerator about point G is:

M G   Fs / f   L1  L3     Ff / f  L3 
 313.92 N   1.5  0.75  m    294.3 N  0.75 m 
 465.165 N  m  Clockwise 

Thus, the refrigerator will tip about point A as the net moment is clockwise.

The free body diagram of the simply supported beam is shown below:

The value of the reaction forces are:

 5 ft
Ay  24 kips 
15 ft
 8 kips

By  24 kips  8 kips
=16 kips

(a)

The Shear force diagram is shown below:

(b)

The Bending moment diagram is shown below:

Solution:

The compressive force in the steel rod AC is calculated as:

 400 mm
Fst  90 kN 
600 mm
 60 kN

The compression or shortening of the steel rod is calculated as:

Fst  Lst
Lst 
Ast  Est
60000 N  300 mm


  20 mm   200 103 MPa
2

4
 0.286 mm

The compressive force in the aluminium rod BD is calculated as:

200 mm
Fal  90 kN 
600 mm
 30 kN

The compression or shortening of the aluminium rod is calculated as:

Fal  Lal
Lal 
Aal  Eal
30000 N  300 mm


  40 mm   70 103 MPa
2

4
 0.102 mm

Thus, the downward displacement of point F on AB can be calculated as:

 0.286  0.102  mm  F
600 mm 400 mm
 F  0.123mm

Solution:
The component of the resultant force in the horizontal direction is:

 24   4
  Rx   500 N     200 N  
 25   5
 160 N

The component of the resultant force in the vertical direction is:

 7   3
  Ry   500 N     200 N  
 25   5
 20 N

The magnitude of the resultant force is:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 160 N    20 N 
2 2

 161.25 N

The direction of the resultant force is calculated as:

 20 
  tan 1  
 160 
1
 tan 1  
8
 7.125
Solution:

Given Data:
W  500000 lb

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction at point C is:

 Fx  0
FCB  FCA  0
FCB  FCA

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction at point C is:

 Fy  0
500000 lb   2 FCB  cos 60   0
FCB  500000 lb = FCA

The horizontal compressive force that the spreader bar AB exerts on point A
can be calculated as:

FAB    FCB  cos 30 

 433012.7 lb  Compressive 

The force in the cable AD can be calculated as:

FAD  FCA  sin 30

 250000 lb
Solution:

Given Data:
Li  4a
M  2m
L f  5a

(a)

The modulus of elasticity of the string is calculated as:

F  k
2mg
k
5a  4a
19.62m

a

(b)

The period of small vertical oscillation of the string is calculated as:

M
T  2
k
2ma
 2 
19.62m
 2.01 a
Solution:

Given Data:
P1  30 kN
P2  55 kN

The free body diagram of the truss is shown below:

Take the moment of all the forces about point A:

MA  0

P
1 
12 m   P2  8 m    E y  4 m   0
E y  136 kN

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Ay  E y  55 kN = 0
Ay  81 kN

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

  Fx  0
P1  Ax = 0
Ax  30 kN

The free body diagram of the joint A is shown below:

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
FAB  sin 60  81 kN
FAB  93.531 kN

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
 FAB  cos 60   FAE  30 kN
FAE  16.77 kN  Compression 

(b)

The mass of the bacteria is calculated as:

 4
m        0.001 m 
3

3
4
 1500 kg/m3      0.001 m 
3

3
6
 6.283 10 kg

The net acceleration

Solution:

Given Data:
W  1300 lbs
H  900 lbs

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

Assume the direction of the resultant force is downwards as the weight of the
block is more than the horizontal force H.

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

Fy  Ry
 H  sin 40    W  cos 40    P  cos 15   0
 900 lbs  sin 40    1300 lbs  cos 40    P  cos 15   0
P  1630 lbs

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  Rx
  H  cos 40    W  sin 40    P  sin 15   Rx
 1300 lbs  sin 40   
Rx    900 lbs  cos 40    
 1630 lbs  sin 15  
 568.055 lbs

Since, the value of R is positive, the block is moving down the incline.

Solution:

Given Data:
F  135 kN

The moment about the z-axis at point A is calculated as:

 Mz  A 

Solution:

Given Data:
H  350 ft
SG  1.02
pb  750 mm Hg
Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

The pressure in kPa exerted by the sea water on the body is calculated by
employing the Pascal’s law:

p  pb   SG   water  g  H 
 133.32 Pa   1m 
  750 mm Hg    1.02 1000 kg/m  9.81 m/s  350 ft 
3 2

 1 mm Hg   3.281 ft 
1 kPa
 1167399.33 Pa 
1000 Pa
 1167.4 kPa

Solution:

The force vector in the cable AD is calculated as:

 

 6i  4 j  10k 
FAD  FAD 
 2 
  6    4    10  
2 2


  0.4866 FAD i  0.3244 FAD j  0.811FAD k 

The force vector in the cable BD is calculated as:

 
 4i  2 j  10k
FBD  FBD   
 2 
  4    2    10  
2 2


  0.365 FBDi  0.1825 FBD j  0.9128 FBD k 

The force vector in the cable CD is calculated as:

  

 8j  10k 
FCD  FCD 
 2 
  8    10  
2


  0.6247 FCD j  0.7808 FCD k 

Take the equilibrium of all the forces at point O:

Fx  0.4866 FAD  0.365FBD  0................  1

Fy  0.3244 FAD  0.1825FBD  0.6247 FCD  0.....................  2 
Fz  0.811FAD  0.9128FBD  0.7808FCD  500 kN = 0......................  3

Solve equation (1), equation (2) and equation (3) to determine the tensions in
the cable AD, BD and CD:
FAD  182.65 kN
FBD  243.5 kN
FCD  166 kN

Solution:

Given Data:
R  800 N

(a)

The two scalar components of the force R can be calculated by employing the
sine rule:
Ra 800 N Rb
 
sin 110 sin 40 sin 30
 800 N  sin 110 
Ra   1169.52 N
sin 40

Rb 
 800 N  sin 30  622.3 N
sin 40

(b)

The orthogonal projection is calculated as:

Pa  800 N  cos 30  692.82 N
Solution 6:

Given Data:
P  250 kN
di  185 mm
 c  50 MPa

(a)

The outside diameter of the column can be calculated as:

P
c 
A
P


  d o2  di2 
4
250000 N
50 MPa 
  2
  do    185 mm  
2

4  
do  201.5 mm
Solution 2:

Given Data:
d A  12 in
N A  250 rpm
d B / A  26 in
d B / C  16 in
d C  10 in

The speed of shaft C is calculated as:

NC d B /C d A
 
NA dC d B / A
NC 16 in 12 in
 
250 rpm 10 in 26 in
N C  184.61rpm

Thus, option (a) is correct.

Solution:

Given Data:
 d So  12 mm
d Si  8 mm
Ebrass  96 GPa
d B  6 mm
L 1m
  0.2 mm

Both the steel shell and the brass core will experience the same amount of
compression under the compressive load P.

Thus, the load exerted is calculated as:

P L


 d B2  Ebrass
4
  0.2 mm   6 mm   96000 MPa
2

P
4  1000 mm
 542.86 N

Solution:

Given Data:
L 8m
q  12 kN/m
E  70 GPa
L
 max  m
360
w
 0.5
d
Both the steel shell and the brass core will experience the same amount of
compression under the compressive load P.

Thus, the load exerted is calculated as:

P L


 d B2  Ebrass
4
  0.2 mm   6 mm   96000 MPa
2

P
4  1000 mm
 542.86 N

The heat generated in resistance welding is directly proportional to the square of

the welding current, resistance and the time and given by the expression as:

Q  I 2 Rt
Here, I is the current in ampere, R is the resistance in ohm and t is the time in
seconds.
Thus, option (a) is correct.

Solution:

The force vector in the cable AB is calculated as:

 
 0.4i  1.3j + 2.3k
TAB  TAB   
 2 
  0.4    1.3   2.3 
2 2


  0.1497TAB i  0.4865TAB j + 0.8607TAB k 

The force vector in the cable AC is calculated as:

 

 1.55i + 2.3k 
TAC  TAC 
 2 
    
2
 1.55  2.3 
  0.5589TAC i + 0.829TAC k 

The force vector in the cable AD is calculated as:

  
 0.4i + 2.15j + 2.3k 
TAD  TAD 
 2 
  0.4    2.15    2.3 
2 2


  0.126TAD i + 0.677TAD j + 0.7246TAD k 

Take the equilibrium of all the forces at point A:

Fx  0.1497TAB  0.5589TAC  0.126TAD  0................  1

Fy  0.4865TAB  0.677TAD  0.....................  2 
Fz  0.8607TAB  0.829TAC  0.7246TAD   180 kg  9.81 m/s 2  = 0......................  3

Solve equation (1), equation (2) and equation (3) to determine the tensions in
the cable AB, AC and AD:
TAB  1016.14 N
TAC  436.8 N
TAD  730.21N

Option (b) is correct.

volume flow rate of abrasive particle Qa

Mixing ratio  MR  = 
volume flow rate of carrier gas Qc
mass flow rate of abrasive particle
Mass ratio    
combined mass flow rate of carrier gas and abrasive particle

also,
 a Qa

 a Qa   cQc
1  Q 
 1  c  c 
   a Qa 
 1 1 
 1   
 30 0.2 
  0.85

Solution:
The planar density for the (110) plane in a FCC structure is calculated as:
0.177
p 
r2
0.177

 1.92 10 m 
2
10

  4.8 10  m
18 2

Here, r is the atomic radius.

Solution:

Given Data:
w  2.3 ft
l  6 ft
H  2.6 ft
2.6 ft
h  1.3 ft
2
d  1.9 in

The velocity of water coming out of the drain is calculated by employing the
Bernoulli’s equation as:

v  2 gH
 2  32.2 ft/s 2  2.6 ft
 12.94 ft/s

Thus, the time it takes to drain the bathtub from full to half full is calculated as:
 w  l   H  h
t

d2 v
4
2.3 ft  6 ft  1.3 ft
 2
  1 ft 
  1.9 in   12.94 ft/s
4  12 in 
 70.413 sec

Solution:

Given Data:
di  108 in
Y  62.4 lb/ft 3
h  30 ft
D  6.625 in
d  6.065 in

The pressure at the pipe outlet is calculated as:

P Y h
 62.4 lb/ft 3  30 ft
=1872 lb/ft 2

(a)

The longitudinal stress in the outlet pipe is calculated as:

Pd
l 
 Dd 
4 
 2 
 1 ft 
1872 lb/ft 2   6.065 in  
 12 in 

 1 ft 
4   0.28 in  
 12 in 
 10137.21 lb/ft 2

The hoop or circumferential stress in the outlet pipe is calculated as:

 Pd
c 
 Dd 
2  
 2 
 1 ft 
1872 lb/ft 2   6.065 in  
 12 in 

 1 ft 
2   0.28 in  
 12 in 
 20274.43 lb/ft 2

(b)

The minimum wall thickness that can be used for the standpipe is calculated as:
Pdi
  c  max 
2tmin
 1 psi 
 1872 lb/ft    108 in
2

144 lb/ft 2
2500 psi =  
2tmin
tmin  0.2808 in
(a)

The Froude number is calculated as:

v2
N Fr 
Lg
 20 cm/s 
2


 30.48 cm 
 6 ft    980.665 cm/s
2

 1 ft 
  2.23  10 3 

(b)

The Schmidt number is calculated as:


N Sc 
 Dv
 1g/cm-s 
12 cP  
 100 cP 

 1 g/cm 3   1 cm 2 /s 
 30 kg/ft 3
 
  745 cm 2
/hr  
 28.317 kg/ft 3   3600 cm 2 /hr 
 0.547

(c)

The Reynold’s number is calculated as:

 Dv 
N Re 

 1 ft   3.281ft/s   2.832 10 7 g/ft 3 
 14 in  
  26 m/s  
  3 kg/mL  
 12 in   1 m/s   1 kg/mL 

107 g/ft-hr
 79023651.6

The total mass of the mixture is calculated as:

 1 m3 
M  1200 kg/m3   30 gallons  
 264 gallons 
 136.4 kg

Also,
M  m1  m2  m3
 1V1   2V2  3V3
 1 
  1500 kg/m3  V1    3
 V2   m3
 0.002 m /kg 
1500V1  500V2  m3  136.4 kg...............  1

Also,
1500V1  500V2  m3  113.7 kg
Solution:

Given Data:
E  206.84 GPa
A   25.4  25.4  mm 2
P  444.822 kN

The free body diagram of the structure is shown below:

Here, TAC is the tension in the rod AC and TBC is the tension in the rod BC.

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

  Fx  0
 TAC  cos 45   TBC  cos 64.32   0
TAC  0.6128TBC .................  1

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 TAC  sin 45   TBC  sin 64.32   444.822 kN 
TAC  1.2745TBC  629.07.............  2 

Solve equation (1) and equation (2) to determine both the tensions in the rods:
TAC  582.58 kN
TBC  950.687 kN

(a)

The axial stress in the rod AC is calculated as:

TAC
 AC 
A
582580 N

 25.4  25.4  mm 2
 903 MPa

(b)

The elongation in the rod AC is calculated as:

TAC  LAC
 AC 
A E
582580 N  2743 2 mm

 25.4  25.4  mm 2   1426111595.7952  MPa
  2.456  103  mm
Solution:

Given Data:

 A
H  50 m
Q  8 L/s
  72%

 B
BP  0.5 hp
e  87%

(A)

The input power required for the centrifugal pump is calculated as:
  g Q H

IP
 1 m3 /s 
1000 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2   8 L/s    50 m
 1000 L/s 
IP 
0.72
 5450 W

(B)

The input power required for the centrifugal pump is calculated as:
 0.5 hp
0.87 
IP
IP  0.5747 hp

Solution:

Given Data:

A  14500 mm 2
 b  8000 kPa
  s  all  75000 kPa
b  42 cm

The maximum load which the column can carry is:

Pmax   b  A
  8 MPa   14500 mm 2
 116000 N

The minimum plate area to avoid the maximum permissible bearing stress
between the base plate and the concrete slab is calculated as:
Pmax
Amin 
  s  all
116000 N

75 MPa
 1546.67 mm 2

The minimum required dimension (a) of the plate is calculated as:

 Amin  a  b
1546.67 mm 2  a  420 mm
a  3.6825 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
V1  130 mi/h
H  5000 ft
p2  1750 lb/ft 2

Note: At 5000 ft above the sea level, the pressure and density of the air are:

p1  1761 lb/ft 2
  0.002048 slugs/ft 3

Apply the Bernoulli’s principle to calculate the velocity at the required point as:

V12 V 2
p1   p2  2
2 2
2  p1  p2 
V2   V12

2  1761  1750  lb/ft 2
2
 88 
   130   ft 2 /s 2
0.002048 slugs/ft 3  60 
 217.016 ft/s
Solution:

Apply the required equations of motion to determine his acceleration, maximum

speed and time duration of the acceleration:
v1  0  at1
v1  at1.............................  1

1
x1  x0  v0t1  at12
2
 3 ft  1 2
12 yard    at1 ...........................  2 
 1 yard  2

x2  x1  v1t12
 3 ft   3 ft 
 40 yard    12 yard    v1t12 ............  3 
 1 yard   1 yard 

Also,

t1  t1 2  t2  4.2 s.......................  4 

Solve equation (1), equation (2), equation (3) and equation (4):
v1  39.5 ft/s
t1  2.43 s
t1 2  1.821 s
a  16.255 ft/s 2

Solution:

Given Data:
WA  50 N
WB  30 N
 A  0.15
 B 0.25
k  35 N/m

The free body diagram for the block A is shown below:

Here, N A is the normal reaction at A,  is the angle of inclination.

The free body diagram for the block B is shown below:

Here, N B is the normal reaction at B,  is the angle of inclination.

(a)

Substitute equation (5) into equation (1) and then divide equation (1) by
equation (2):
0.15 N A
 tan 
NA
  tan 1  0.15 
 8.531

(b)

Also,
FA  50 N  sin 8.531  7.417 N
7.417 N
NA   49.45 N
0.15
FB  30 N  sin 8.531  4.45 N
N B  30 N  cos 8.531  29.67 N

Thus, the required compression in the connecting spring is calculated as:

 FB  FA

k
4.45 N  7.417 N

35 N/m
1000 mm
 0.0847 m 
1m
 84.77 mm  compression 

dU   V  U  A
2

  g k
dt M
1000 kg/m3   20 m/s  10 m/s   0.005 m 2
2

a   9.81 m/s 2  0.3

30 kg
 13.724 m/s 2

Solution:

Note: Scale used 10 kN = 1 cm.

The vector triangle is shown below:

From the geometry,
FAB  9.3 cm  93 kN
FAC  10.7 kN  107 kN

Here, Negative sign indicates that the direction of the force in rod AB must be
opposite to as shown.

Solution:

Given Data:
a  15 cm
b  35 cm
W  20 N
F  50 N
  

The moment generated about O by F and W is calculated as:

M O    b  F  sin     W  a 
   0.35 m  50 N  sin 30    20 N  0.15 m 
 5.75 N  m  Counter-clockwise 
Solution:

Given Data:
L  50 m
 31.5  0.0015 m
T1  31.5
T2  24.5

Note: Consider the co-efficient of linear expansion for the tape as:
   m/C

The standard temperature is calculated as:

0.0015 m =  m/ C   31.5  T   50 m
T  28.91

Total correction in the length of the tape is calculated as:

    L   T2  T 
  m/ C  50 m   24.5  28.91 
 10 m  Too Long 

Consider,  = 0.01 m
523.61 m  0.01 m
TC =
50 m
 0.1047 m

Thus, the correct length of the line is:

LC  523.61 m + 0.1047 m
= 523.7147 m
Solution:

Given Data:
T  19.3C
P  1.75  104 N/m 2
R  287 J/kg  K

The density of the air at the required point can be calculated by considering the
air as an ideal gas:
PV  mRT
P

RT
1.75  104 N/m 2

287 J/kg  K   19.3  273.15  K
 0.2402 kg/m 3

The free body diagram of the simply-supported beam is shown below:

Here, Ax is the horizontal reaction force at fixed end A, Ay is the vertical reaction
force at A and By is the vertical reaction at roller support B.

Take the moment of all the forces about point B:

MB  0
 A  6 m    15 kN  4 m   20 kN  m   10 kN/m  2 m 1 m   0
y

Ay  10 kN

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Ay  By  15 kN   10 kN/m  2 m   0
By  25 kN

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
Ax  0

Bending Moment Calculations:

Bending Moment at A: 0

Bending moment at 2 m from A: Ay  2 m = 20 kN  m

Bending moment at left of 3 m from A:  A  3 m    15 kN 1 m  = 15 kN  m

y
Bending moment at right of 3 m from A:
 A  3 m    15 kN 1 m  +20 kN  m = 35 kN  m
y

Bending moment at 4 m from A:  A  4 m    15 kN  2 m  +20 kN  m = 30 kN  m

y

Bending moment at B:
 A  6 m    15 kN  4 m  +20 kN  m   10 kN/m  2 m 1 m 
y = 0 kN  m

 
  
M A   6i   300 j  400k     6i  2k   TBC   M A  0


M
Here, A represents the three moment vectors at A about x, y and z axis.

Solution:

Given Data:
R  200 lb

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 F  sin     100 lb  sin 30   R
F  sin   2 lb...................  1

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

215 lb   F  cos     100 lb  cos 30   0

F  cos    lb.............................  1

Divide equation (1) by equation (2) to determine the value of angle:

F  sin  250

F  cos  128.4
  tan 1  1.947 
 62.814 lb

Also,

F  sin  62.814   2 lb

F  281.05 lb

Solution:

Given Data:
Pi  10 atm
Ti  300 K
Pe  1 atm

(a)
The temperature at the exit of the flow is calculated as:
 1
Te  Pe  
 
Ti  Pi 
1.4 1
 1  1.4
Te  300 K   
 10 
 155.38 K

(b)

The density of the exit flow is calculated as:

e e  me ReTe
PV
101325 Pa
1atm 
1 atm
e 
287 J/kg  K  155.38 K
=2.272 kg/m 3

Solution:

Given Data:
Q  160 L/min
P1  100 kPa
P2  900 kPa
Wshaft  3 kW
All options are wrong.

Explanation:

The mass flow rate of the water through the pump is calculated as:
m   water  Q
 1m3 /s 
 1000 kg/m 3  160 L/min  
 60000 L/min 
 2.67 kg/s

Thus, the pump power can be calculated as:

P P
W pump  m  2 1
 water

 2.67 kg/s 
 900  100  103 Pa
1000 kg/m 3
 2136 W

Solution:

Given Data:
d  15 cm
H  40 cm
   rad/s
Note: Dear Student!! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation:

The maximum height difference between the edge and the center of the free
surface is calculated as:
2
d 
  
2

H max  2
2g
  7.5 102 
2
 20 rad/s 
2


2  9.81 m/s 2
100 cm
 0.11467 m 
1m
 11.467 cm

Solution:

Given Data:
Q  0.035 m 3 /s
D  15 cm
d  8 cm
P1  P2  40 kPa
  
v1  2 m/s
v2  7 m/s

Option (D) is correct.

Explanation:

Apply the energy conservation principle to determine the irreversible head loss
in the reduction as:

P1  v12 P  v2
  hp  z1  2  2  ht  z2  hL
 2g  2g

hL  
2

P1  P2  v1  v2
2

 2g

40000 Pa 1.05   2 m/s    7 m/s  

 2 2

 
9810 N/m 3 2  9.81 m/s 2
 1.67 m

Solution:

Given Data:
z1  2 m
z2  6 m
P1  1 bar
P2  4 bar
Q  0.68 m 3 /s
d1  400 mm
d 2  250 mm
hL  4 m

The velocities in the suction and discharge pipe are calculated as:

Q 0.68 m3 /s
v1    5.41 m/s
 
  0.4 m 
2
 d12
4 4
Q 0.68 m3 /s
v2    13.85 m/s
 
  0.25 m 
2
 d 22
4 4

Apply the energy conservation principle to determine the discharge head:

P1 v12 P2 v22
  z1  hd    z2  hL
 2g  2g

hd 
P2  P1


v22  v12 hL   z2  z1 
 2g

 400000  100000  Pa   13.85 m/s    5.41 m/s  

2 2
 4m 6m2m
  
9810 N/m 3 2  9.81 m/s 2

 46.867 m

Solution:

Given Data:
z1  2 m
z2  6 m
P1  1 bar
P2  4 bar
Q  0.68 m 3 /s
d1  400 mm
d 2  250 mm
hL  4 m

(a)

The Cartesian form of the first force is:


F1   2.04 kN  cos 63  i +  2.04 kN  sin 63  j =  0.926i + 1.817j  kN

The Cartesian form of the second force is:

  2   5 
F2   1.31 kN   i   1.31 kN   j =  0.4865i  1.216j  kN
 52  2 2   52  2 2 

Thus, the resultant force in Cartesian form is calculated as:

  
R  F1  F2   1.4125i + 0.601j kN

(b)

The equivalent couple M is calculated as:

   2   5 
 0.46 kN  m   F2  2 1.8 m    F2   0.66 m  
MA    5  22   52  2 2 
 
   F1  sin 63  1.8 m  0.66 m     F2  cos 63 0.16 m  
  2   5 
 0.46 kN  m   1.31 kN  2 1.8 m   1.31 kN   0.66 m  
  5  22   52  2 2 
 
   2.04 kN  sin 63  1.8 m  0.66 m     2.04 kN  cos 63 0.16 m  
 0.46 kN  m  0.8757 kN  m  0.803 kN  m 
 
 4.47 kN  m  0.148 kN  m 
 3.7893 kN  m  Counter-clockwise 

Solution:

Given Data:
t  3 mm
d  80 mm

Note: The allowance for the cold rolled steel is:

  

The clearance is calculated as:

C  t
 0.075  3 mm
=0.225 mm

Thus, the size of the Die is:

d D  80 mm

Thus, the size of the Punch is:

d p  d D  2C
 80 mm   2  0.225 mm 
 79.55 mm

Solution:

Given Data:
d  125 mm
L  350 mm
K  700 MPa
n  0.35
a  0.7
b  1.4

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly, repost the other parts again.

(a)

The extrusion ratio is calculated as:

 
  125 mm 
2
Ao d2
r  4  4
Af  20  60  mm 2
 20  60  mm 2
 10.226

(b)

The shape factor is calculated as:

   
2.25

  20 mm + 60 mm + 20 mm + 60 mm  
   
K x  0.98  0.02   0.5  
   20 mm  60 mm   
2   
 
    
 
 1.016

(c)

The true strain is:

  ln  rx   ln  10.226   2.325

The extrusion strain is:

 x  0.7  1.4     0.7  1.4  2.325   3.955

The force required to drive the ram forward during extrusion at the point in the
process when the billet length remaining in the container = 300 mm:

 700 MPa   2.325  0.15   2  300 mm  

    125 mm 
2
F  K xY f  x Ao  1.016      3.955 
 1.15   125 mm  4
 75409039.8 N

Solution:

Given Data:
d  12 ft
H  180 ft
h = 100 ft

(a)

The gauge pressure at the base is calculated as:

P   water  g   H  h 
 62.4 lb/ft 3  32.2 ft/s 2   80 ft 
1 psi
 160742.4 lb/ft 2 
144 lb/ft 2
 1116.267 psi

(b)

The total force exerted on the base is calculated as:

F  P A
2
  12 in 
 1116.267 psi   12 ft  
4  1 ft 
 18179542.58 lb

(c)

The pressure at hydrant at elevation 70 ft is calculated as:

P   water  g  70 ft
 62.4 lb/ft 3  32.2 ft/s 2   70 ft 
1 psi
 140649.6 lb/ft 2 
144 lb/ft 2
 976.733 psi

Solution:

Given Data:
d  0.01 m
Remin  10
Remax  2300

(a)

The air velocity considering the minimum Reynold’s number is calculated as:
 a ua L
Re min 
a

ua 

10  1.43 10 5 m 2 /s 
0.01 m
 0.0143 m/s

The air velocity considering the maximum Reynold’s number is calculated as:
 a ua L
Re max 
a

ua 

2300  1.43 105 m 2 /s 
0.01 m
 3.289 m/s

(b)

The velocity at the lower end of the range is impractical because it is very low.
The contaminants in the room would not be flushed out properly.

(c)
Given, typical air velocity parameter i.e, ua  0.25 m/s to 0.75 m/s

Thus, the range of the characteristic length we actually have to work with is
calculated as:

Lmin 
 
10  1.43  105 m 2 /s
 0.000572 m
0.25 m/s

Lmax 
 
2300  1.43 105 m 2 /s
 0.04385 m
0.75 m/s

Solution:
(a)

Consider the resultant is acting at an angle  with the x-axis as shown in the
figure below:

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
 4
 150 lb     50 lb  sin 30   Rx
 5
Rx  145 lb

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
 3
150 lb     50 lb  cos 30   Ry
 5
Ry  133.3 lb

Thus, the magnitude of the resultant force and its counter-clockwise direction
with the x-axis is:
  Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 145 lb    133.3 lb 
2 2

 196.96 lb

R 
  tan 1  y 
 Rx 
 133.3 
 tan 1  
 145 
 42.59

(b)

The location of the resultant force at member AB, measure from A is calculated
by taking the moment of all the forces about point A:

 4 
145  x  150 lb   2 ft    50 lb  cos 30 3 ft    50 lb  sin 30 6 ft   500 lb  ft
 5 
x  5.242 ft

Solution:

Given Data:
 Q  16 L/min
d p  9.6 mm
d n  8.5 mm

Note: As the handwritten nozzle diameter is not clearly visible, the nozzle
diameter is taken as 8.5 mm because the diameter of the nozzle must be less
than the diameter of the pipe.

The discharge pressure at the exit of the nozzle is calculated as:

Q  28.9  d n2  P
Q2
P
 28.9 
2
 d n4
2
 0.2642 GPM 
 16 L/min  
 1 L/min 
 4
 1 in 
 28.9    8.5 mm 
2

 25.4 mm 
1 MPa
 1.7059 psi 
145 psi
 0.01176 MPa

The free body diagram of the structure is shown below:

Here, Ax is the horizontal reaction at A, Ay is the vertical reaction at A, Dy is the
vertical reaction at D, TAB is the force in member AB, TAC is the force in member
AC and TAD is the force in member AD.

The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:

 Fx  0
 Ax  10 kN + 20 kN = 0
Ax  30 kN

Take the moment of all the forces about point D:

MD  0
 A  4 m    10 kN  3 m    20 kN  3 m    60 kN  4 m   0
y

Ay  37.5 kN

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  0
Ay  Dy  60 kN  50 kN = 0
Dy  72.5 kN

Apply the method of joint at A to determine the magnitude of the force in

member AC:
  Fy  0
Ay  TAB +  TAC  sin 36.87  = 0
60 kN  0.6TAC  37.5 kN
TAC  37.5 kN  Tension 

Solution:

Given Data:
T  780 lb

The moment due to the tension in cable AD at point O is calculated as:

M O   T  cos 20 10 ft  sin 60    T  sin 2010 ft  cos 60 
  780 lb  cos 20 10 ft  sin 60    780 lb  sin 2010 ft  cos 60 
 5013.74 lb  ft

Solution:
Given Data:
V  100000 L
 tensile  15000 kPa

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly, repost the other parts again.

Note: The density of Benzene is  B  876 kg/m

3

(a)

The diameter of the tank is:


V d2 L
4
1m 3

100000 L    d 2 8 m
1000 L 4
d  3.989 m

The thickness of the steel tank when height is 8 m is calculated as:

Pd
 tensile 
2t
  g  Ld
t B
2 tensile
876 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  8 m  3.989 m

2 15  106 Pa
 9.14  103 m

(b)
The diameter of the tank is:

V
d2  L
4
1m 3

100000 L   d2 6 m
1000 L 4
d  4.606 m

The thickness of the steel tank when height is 6 m is calculated as:

Pd
 tensile 
2t
  g  Ld
t B
2 tensile
876 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  6 m  4.606 m

2  15  106 Pa
 7.916  103 m

(c)

The diameter of the tank is:


V
d2  L
4
1 m3 
100000 L   d2 4 m
1000 L 4
d  5.642 m

The thickness of the steel tank when height is 4 m is calculated as:

Pd
 tensile 
2t
B  g  L  d
t
2 tensile
876 kg/m 3  9.81 m/s 2  4 m  5.642 m

2  15  106 Pa
 6.464  103 m
b)

Number of links are: n = 6

Number of turning pairs: j = 6

Number of higher pairs: h = 1

Degree of Freedom = 3(n-1) -2j - h

                                 =3(6-1) - 2(6) - 1

                                 =2

(a)

Number of links are: n = 8

Number of sliding pairs: j = 4

Number of higher pairs: h = 4

Degree of Freedom = 3(n-1) -2j - h

                                 =3(7-1) - 2(4) - 4

                                 =6

Solution:
Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer a
single question. Kindly repost the other question again.

(a) When t = 8 s:
dv
a 0  As the velocity is constant 
dt

s   vdt
 5 m/s  4 s 

 2    8 s  4 s   5 m/s 
 30 m

(b) When t = 12 s:
dv
a  1 m/s 2
dt

s   vdt

 5 m/s  4 s    15 s  10 s   9
    5 m/s    10 s  4 s   5 m/s    
 2   2  2
 48 m

Solution:
Given Data:

Q  90 GPM
   lbf/ft 3
g  31.95 ft/s 2

(a)

The mass flow rate is calculated as:

m   water  Q
 
 Q
g
0.0022 ft 3 /s
61.5 lbf/ft 3  90 GPM 
1 GPM

31.95 ft/s 2
 0.3811 slugs/sec

(b)

The time to fill the 8 ft spherical tank is calculated as:


    4 ft 
3

t 3
0.0022 ft 3 /s
90 GPM 
1 GPM
 1354 sec

Solution:
Note: The thermal conductivities of A, B and C are:
k A , k B and kC

The thermal resistance diagram is shown below:

Since, RA and RB in parallel and equivalent of which is in series with RC .

Equivalent resistance is:

R  Req  RC
 R  RB 
 A   RC
 RA  RB 
 k A AA k B AB 
 x  x  k A
 1 1
 C C
k A k
 A A B B  A x2
 x x1 
 1

Thus, the heat transfer through the wall in x-direction is:

TO  T f
q
 k A AA k B AB 
 
x1 x1  kC AC
 
 k A AA k B AB  x2
  
 x1 x1 

Solution:
Given Data:
m  13
P  75 kW
d A  163 mm
PB  393 kPa
d B  413 mm
vB  5.3 m/s
   kg/L

Note: Dear Student! As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer three
sub-parts of a question. Kindly, repost the other part again.

(b)

The flow rate will be the same at both the points A and B. Thus, the discharge at
point A is:

Q A   d B2  vB
4

   0.413 m   5.3 m/s
2

4
= 0.71 m 3 /s

(a)

The velocity at exit A is calculated as:


Q A   d A2  vA
4

0.71 m 3 /s    0.163 m   v A
2

4
v A = 34.024 m/s

(c)
The turbine head is calculated as:

P    g  Q A  h
75000 W
h
 1000 kg/m3 
 1 kg/L    9.81 m/s  0.71 m /s
2 3

 1 kg/L 
 10.768 m

(a)
The equilibrium equation in the horizontal direction is:
 Fx  Rx
 50 N  cos 72  Rx
Rx  15.451 N

The equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is:

 Fy  Ry
  50 N  sin 72   120 N + 330 N = Ry
Ry  402.447 N

Thus, the magnitude of the resultant force is calculated as:

 Rx    Ry 
2 2
R

 15.451 N    402.447 N 
2 2

 402.74 N

The clockwise location of the resultant force with the x-axis is:

R 
  tan 1  y 
 Rx 
 402.447 
 tan 1  
 15.451 
 87.8  Clockwise 

(b)

The location of the resultant force measured from A is calculated by taking the
moment of all the forces about point A:

 120 N  0.95 m   330 N    0.95  0.7    0.24 m  cos 18   m  

  
    Ry  
  50 N  sin 72   0.95    0.12 m  cos 18   m  
 