CCGE 101: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS
A. Discuss briefly and give examples, the intellectual revolutions that defined society by;

1. COPERNICAN

The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens,
which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the
heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

Example:
Galileo discovered moons orbiting Jupiter, Sunspots, and the imperfections on the Moon's surface,
all of which helped to undermine the notion that the planets were perfect orbs, rather than planets
similar to Earth.

2. DARWINIAN

The Darwinian Revolution started when Charles Darwin publish this book “The Origin of Species”.
It emphasizes that the humans are the result of an evolution.

Example:
A natural selection that depends on an organism's success at attracting a mate, a process known
as sexual selection. The colorful plumage of peacocks and the antlers of male deer are both
examples of traits that evolved under this type of selection.

3. FREUDIAN

“Freudian Theory of Personality” may be viewed as the discovery of a way of locating in the mind
objective entities which can be studied like physical things.
 Example:
You found that some events and desires were often too frightening or painful for your patients to
acknowledge, and believed such information was locked away in the unconscious mind. This can
happen through the process of repression.

4. INFORMATION AGE

This has been the era in which technology has been prevalent. It is also known as the Computer
Age that has brought so much change on how we are living today.

Example:
How virtually every individual uses the Internet in some way at their place of work.

5. MESO-AMERICAN

Meso-American has contributed a lot of ideas or discoveries for Archaeology. The templates and
the pyramids left a lot about of Architecture that leads us to study more of it.

Example:
A highly advanced numeral system with place values, and a sophisticated and complex calendar.

6. ASIAN

The revolution itself taught Asian countries about freedom and independent nationhood along the
improvement bought by it internally.

Examples:
The Philippines became the first of the world's colonies to achieve independence following World
War II.

7. MIDDLE EAST

The revolution in Middle East were a product of development and growth of individual nationalism,
imperialism, for the efforts to westernize and modernize Middle East societies, and to push the
declining power of the Ottaman Empire in the Arab region.
 Example:
More than 80 percent of aid to Egypt, a top recipient of US assistance, has been provided as cash
transfers or military financing, while support for political and institutional reform accounts for the
smallest portion of aid.

8. AFRICAN

For centuries the peoples of Africa were subjected to exploitation and robbery by the capitalist
maritime nations of Western Europe and other marauders. Millions of sons and daughters of Africa
were transported as slaves to far away countries.

Example:
The Spanish colonization in the Philippines for about 333 years. A lot of negative impacts that were
associated with their colonization including the degradation of natural resources, capitalist,
urbanization, introduction of foreign diseases to livestock and humans.