4th class:

Median and mode:

Median:
Median is the value of a ranked or ordered
observation which divides the total observation into
two parts of equal size.
5, 9,4,13,10,22,2,3,11; n=9
2,3,4,5,9(median),10,11,13,22
𝑵+𝟏 𝟗+𝟏
= = 𝟓𝒕𝒉
𝟐 𝟐
2,3,4,5,9,10,11,13; n=8
Median=(5+9)/2=7
𝑁 𝑁
[ 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚] /2
2 2
Calculating median for group data:
𝑵
− 𝒇𝒄
𝑴𝒆 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝟐 .𝒄
𝒇𝒎
Where 𝑳𝟏 = 𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔
N=total number of observations
𝒇𝒄 =cumulative frequency of the pre-median class
𝒇𝒎 =frequency of the median class
C=class interval
Problem: Calculate median from the following frequency
distribution:
Marks No. of students
0-10 5
10-20 7
20-30 13
30-40 15
40-50 8
50-60 2
Solution:
Marks No. of students(fi) Cumulative frequency
0-10 5 5
10-20 7 12
20-30 13 25
30-40 15 40
40-50 8 48
50-60 2 50
Total N=50

Here N=50; N/2=50/2=25

So, (20-30) is the median class because N/2=50/2=25th observation lies
in this class.
𝑵
− 𝒇𝒄
𝑴𝒆 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝟐 .𝒄
𝒇𝒎
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐𝟎 + . 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟑
Mode: mode is the value of a set of observation which
occurs most frequently.
7,10,15,15,17,17,17,17,19,20,25
Calculating mode for group data:
∇1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝐿1 + .𝑐
∇1 + ∇2
Where
𝐿1 =lower limit of the modal class
∇1 =difference between the frequencies of modal class
and pre-modal class
∇2 = difference between the frequencies of modal class
and post-modal class
C=class interval

Problem: Calculate mode from the following frequency

distribution:
Marks No. of students
0-10 5
10-20 7
20-30 13
30-40(modal class) 15
40-50 8
50-60 2

Here (30-40) is the modal class because maximum

frequency 15 occurs in this class.
∇1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝐿1 + .𝑐
∇1 + ∇2
15 − 13
= 30 + . 10 = 32.22
(15 − 13) + (15 − 8)
Next class: Quartiles, Deciles and percentiles