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Buku Ajar Matematika Teknik Kimia 1 MDP 2018
Buku Ajar Matematika Teknik Kimia 1 MDP 2018
Masalah
Asumsi
Proses
Analisa
Rumus
Penyelesaian
Matematika
1
Contoh 1.1
νin=0,005 L/menit
2L νout=0,001 L/menit
20 cm
Gambar 1.2 Tangki Berpengaduk Contoh 1.1
Diketahui :
Diameter tangki = 20 cm
2
ν=0,01 L/min
Asumsi :
Penyelesaian
d ( .v)
0,005
dt
dv
0,005
dt
t 0
0,005 dt dv
0 2
-0,005 (t-0) = (0 - 2)
-0,005 t = -2
t = 400 min
4
Contoh 1.2
νin=0,005 L/menit
2L νout=0,001 L/menit
*Asumsi
* Neraca Volume
dv
0,005 L / min 0,01L / min .........( 1)
dt
dv
0,005
dt
100 0
0,005 dt dv
0 2
-0,005(100-0) = (ν-2)
-0,5 = ν- 2
ν = 1,5 L
6
t v
0,005 dt dv
0 2
- 0,005 t = ν-2
ν = 2 - 0,005 t ............(2)
* Neraca Massa
R in - Rout = Racc
d ( .v)
(0,005 L / min 1,2kg / L) (0,01L / min . )
dt
d dv
0,006 0,01 v
dt dt
d
0,006 0,01 v (0,005)
dt
d
0,006 0,005 v
dt
7
d
100
1
0 v dt 1 0,006 0,005
d
100
dt
0 2 0,005t 1 0,006 0,005
n(2 0,005t ) 0 n(2 0,005 ) 1
100
-0,01ρ = -0,0105
ρ = 1,05
Neraca Volume
ν=f(t)....(2)
8
dv
f (t ).....(1)
dt
Neraca Massa
In-out=acc
f ( t )......( 1)
d dv
v .......( 2 )
dt dt
Contoh 1.3
CA=0,2mol/L
CA=0,2mol/L A=0,1L/mol
A=0,1L/mol
CA,CB 0,2 L/mol
2L
GambarCA1.4
=0,2mol/
Tangki Berpengaduk Contoh 1.3
L Kasus 1
9
Diketahui : CA dalam tangki = 1 mol/L
CA = 0,2 mol/L
CB = 0,1 mol/L
A = 0,1 L/min
B = 0,2 L/min
Penyelesaian :
Asumsi
a) C tangki = C keluar
10
Neraca Volume
dv
(0,1L / min 0,1L / min) 0,2 L / min
dt
dv
0 ; dv 0; v 2 L
dt
d
(0,1L / min .0,2mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C A (v.C A )
dt
0
dC d
0,02 0,2C A v A C A
dt dt
dC
v A 0,02 0,2C A
dt
11
dC A
0,01 0,1C A
dt
CA 10
dC
1 0,01 0A,1C A 0 dt
CA
n0,01 0,1C A 10
1
0,1 1
0,01 0,1C A
n 1
0,01 0,1
C A 0,43mol / L
d
(0,1L / min .0,1mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C B (v.C B )
dt
0
dC B dv
0,01 0,2C B v CB
dt dt
dC B
v 0,01 0,2C B
dt
12
dC B
0,005 0,1C B
dt
CB 10
dC
1 0,005 B0,1CB 0 dt
CB
n0,005 0,1C B 10
1
0,1 0
0,005 0,1C B
n 1
0,005
C B 0,0316mol / L
Konsentrasi A masuk:
Steady State
C A 0,1mol / L
C B 0,005mol / L
0 ,1 t
dC
1 0,01 0A,1C A 0 dt
0,01 0,1
10n (error )
0,01 0,1
dv
0,2 0,25
dt
dv
0,05
dt
2 t
dv 0,05 dt
0 0
(0 2) 0,05t
t 40menit
15
d
(0,1L / min .0,2mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C A (v.C A )
dt
0
dC A dv
0,02 0,25C A v CA
dt dt
dC A
v 0,025 0,2C A
dt
dC A
0,01 0,1C A
dt
CA 40
dC
1 0,01 0A,1C A 0 dt
10n0,01 0,1C A 1 A 40
C
0 , 01 0 ,1C A
n 0 , 018
0 , 01 0 ,1
C A 0 ,11643 mol / L
16
CA=0,05mol/L
CA=0,15mol/L
A=0,1L/mol
A=0,1L/mol
CA,CB 0,2 L/mol
2L
CA=0,2mol/L
Gambar 1.5 Tangki Berpengaduk Contoh 1.3
Kasus 2
* Neraca Volume
0 = dv/dt
17
d
(0,1L / min .0,2mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C A (v.C A )
dt
0
dC A dv
0,02 0,2C A v CA
dt dt
dC A
v 0,02 0,2C A
dt
dC A
0,01 0,1C A
dt
CA 10
dC
1 0,01 0A,1C A 0 dt
CA
n0,01 0,1C A 10
1
0,1 1
0,01 0,1C A
n 1
0,01 0,1
C A 0,43mol / L
18
d
(0,1L / min .0,1mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C B (v.C B )
dt
0
dC B dv
0,01 0,2C B v CB
dt dt
dC B
v 0,01 0,2C B
dt
dC B
0,005 0,1C B
dt
CB 10
dC
0 0,005 B0,1CB 0 dt
CB
n0,005 0,1C B 10
1
0,1 0
0,005 0,1C B
n 1
0,005 0,1
C B 0,0316mol / L
19
d
(0,1L / min .0,15mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C A (v.C A )
dt
0
dC A dv
0,015 0,2C A v CA
dt dt
dC A
7,5.10 3 0,1C A
dt
15 CA
dC A
dt
0 0 , 43
7,5.10 3 0,1C A
CA
n0,01 0,1C A
1
15
0,1 0 , 43
7,5.10 3 0,1C A
n 3
1,5
7,5.10 0,043
C A 0,1542mol / L
20
d
(0,1L / min .0,05mol / L) 0,2 L / min .C B (v.C B )
dt
0
dC B dv
5.10 3 0,2C B v CB
dt dt
dC
2,5.10 3 0,1C B B
dt
15 CA
dC B
dt
0 0 , 0316
3
5.10 0,1C B
CB
15
1
0,1
n 2,5.10 3 0,1C B
0 , 0316
2,5.10 3 0,1C B
1,5 n 3
2,5.10 0,1 0,0316
C B 0,026mol / L
21
BAB 2 PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN
DIFERENSIAL ORDINER DENGAN
METODE INTEGRASI DAN SUBSTITUSI
Gambar 2.1
Ilustrasi Padatan
(Bentuk Bola) yang
Menguap
22
Asumsi: udara mengalir cukup baik, sehingga
konsentrasi padatan A dalam ruangan sangat
kecil≈0
Penyelesaian:
N A k .C A (C As C A )
1 1
0 N A.A .
dt M
1 1
0 kc (C As C A ). A .
dt M
1 1
0 kc (C As C A ).4r 2 4 / 3r 3
M dt
1 dr
0 kc (C As C A ).4r 2 4r 2
M dt
1 dr
0 kc (C As C A )
M dt
23
n
C As gas.ideal
v
PV nRT
n
PAs RT
v
P
C As As
RT
1 dr
0 kc .(C As C A )
M dt
dr kc C As C A .M
dt
P
kc ( As C A ).M
dr RT
dt
dr kc .PAs .M
dt RT
24
t t r R1
RT
dt
t 0
kc .PAs .M dr
r R0
RT
t ( R1 R0 )
kc .PAs .M
RT
t ( R0 R1 )
kc .PAs .M
0,08205 303 1,31
t (3,5 0)
1100 1,36.10 4 128
t 5952,7685 jam
udara
kubus
1 1
0 N A.A .
dt M
1 1
0 kc (C As C A ). A .
dt M
1 1
0 kc (C As C A )6 s 2 .s 3
M dt
1 ds
0 kc (C As C A ).6 s 2 3s 2
M dt
1 ds
0 2kc (C As C A )
M dt
1 ds
0 kc (C As C A )
M dt
ds 2kc (C As C A ).M
dt
P 0
2kc ( As C A ).M
ds RT
dt
26
t t s S1
RT
dt
t 0
2kc .PAs .M ds
s S0
RT
t ( S1 S 0 )
2kc .PAs .M
RT
t ( S 0 S1 )
2kc .PAs .M
0,08205 303 1,31
t (3,5 0)
2 1100 1,36.10 4 128
t 2976,38425 jam
Contoh 2.1
Penyelesaian:
udara
Gambar 2.4
Ilustrasi Padatan
Contoh 2.1 yang
Menguap
28
1 1
0 N A . A.N b . Nb
dt M
1 1
kc (C As C A )4r 2 .N b .4 / 3r 3 N b
M dt
1 dr
kc (C As C A ).4r 2 .N b N b 4r 2
M dt
1 dr
kc (C As C A ).N b N B .
M dt
dr kc (C As C A ).M
.........(1)
dt
R in - R out = R acc
Q.C A0
0
kc (C As C A ). A.N b Q.C A
d
dt
.v.C A
dC A
kc (C As C A )4 .r 2 .N b Q.C A .v
dt
dC A kc (C As C A )4 .r 2 .N b Q.C A
dt v v
29
kc (C As C A )4 .r 2 .N b Q.C A
0
v v
Q.C A kc 4 .r .N b
2
(C As C A )
v v
Q.C A kc 4 .r 2 .N b .C As kc 4 .r 2 .N b .C A
v v v
Q.C A kc 4 .r .N b .C A kc 4 .r .N b .C As
2 2
C A (Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b ) kc 4 .r 2 .N b .C As
kc 4 .r 2 .N b .C As
CA ......(2)
Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b
dr kc .M (C As C A )
dt
30
dr kc .M kc 4 .r 2 .N b .C As
As
C
dt Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b
dr kc .M C As .Q C As kc 4 .r 2 .N b C As kc 4 .r 2 .N b
dt Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b
dr kc .M .C As Q C As kc 4 .r 2 .N b kc 4 .r 2 .N b
dt Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b
t t
Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b 2
R
dt
t 0
kc .M .C As
Q C k
As c 4 .r 2
. N b k c 4 .r 2
. N
dr
b R1
t t
Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b 2
R
dt kc .M .C As
t 0
Q
dr
R1
2 R
t (Q kc 4 .r 2 .N b ) dr
Q.kc .M .C As R1
.Q .kc 4 .r 2 .N b
R2
t
Q.kc .M .C As
Q.kc .M .C As dr
R1
.4 .r 2 .N b
R2
t
kc .M .C As
Q.M .C As dr
R1
31
.4 .r 2 .N b 3
t R1 R1
kc .M .C As 3Q.M .C As
R1 4 .r 2 .N b .R13
t
kc .M .C As 3Q
.R1 4 .r .N b .R1
2 2
t 1
kc .M .C As 3Q
.R.T .R1 1 4 .r .N b .R1
2 2
t
kc .M .PAs 3Q
32
2.2 Penyelesaian Persamaan Diferensial Ordiner
pada Penerapan Kasus Neraca Massa dengan
Reaksi Kimia
Magnesium karbonat direaksikan dengan asam
sulfat membentuk magnesium sulfat dan asam
karbonat. Reaksi dijalankan dalam reaktor CSTR
selama 1 jam. Reaksi tersebut mengikuti reaksi
orde satu. Jika konsentrasi magnesium karbonat
mula-mula 50 kmol/L dan konsentrasi asam sulfat
dibuat berlebih, konversi maksimum yang dicapai
90% terhadapat magnesium karbonat. Jika laju alir
umpan (FA0) masuk dalam reaktor sebesar 130
kmol/jam. Tentukan volume reaktor CSTR tsb.
Diketahui:
FA0 ( x)
Rumus volume CSTR→ VCSTR
rA
X=konversi reaksi
33
rA=laju reaksi
rA k .C A
1
rA k .C A .C B
rA k .C A .C B
2
dC A
rA kC A
dt
dC A
rA k .t
dt
A + B → C
+ D
M:50kmol/L 50kmol/L
→CA0
--------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
34
rA k .C A
dC A
kC A
dt
CA t t
dC
C C AA k t 0dt
A0
C
n Asisa k (t.0)
C A0
C
n A0 k .t
CA
50
n k (1 jam)
5
k 2,302 / 1 jam
k 2,302 / jam
rA k .C A
2,302 / jam 45kmol / L
103,6kmol / L. jam
FA0 ( x)
VCSTR
rA
130kmol / jam 0,9
103,6kmol / L. jam
1,1293L
35
2.3. Penyelesaian Persamaan Diferensial
Ordiner pada Penerapan Kasus Neraca Panas
Perpindahan panas
dT
1.Konduksi k . A
dx
2.Konveksi h. A(T T0 )
3.Radiasi
Soal
dx
Padatan
Ts
x x+Δx
36
Neraca panas pada besi pada kondisi steady
state
dr dr
k.A k . A h. A.x(T T0 )
dx x dx x x
:A.x
dT dT h
(T T0 )
dx x x dx x k
:x
dT dT
k.A k . A h. A.x(T T0 )
dx x dx x x
dT
k .a 2
dT
k .a 2 h.4a.x(T T0 )
dx x
dx x x
:a 2 .x
37
dT dT 4h
(T T0 )
dx x x dx x k .a
:x
T 4h
(T T0 ) 0
x x k .a
2T 4h
(T T0 ) 0
x 2 k .a
Keadaan batas
x 0 T Ts
x T T0
4h 4h
x x
T Tu C1e ka
C2 e ka
BC 2 (Boundary Condition)
x T T0
4h 4h
T0 Tu C1e ka
C2 e ka
Tu T0 C1 (1)
C1 Tu T0
C1 0......(1)
38
BC 1 (Boundary Condition)
x 0 T Ts
4h 4h
0 0
Ts Tu C1e ka
C2 e ka
Ts Tu C2 (1)
C2 Ts Tu
4h
x
T Tu 0 Ts Tu e ka
4h
x
T T0 (Ts Tu )e ka
Penyelesaian:
t t T T
vc vc 2
dt T Tu dT
t 0
Q h. A T T1
t t T T
vc Q 2
dt
t 0
h. A
T Tu
h. A T T1
dT
vc
T
Q 2
h. A T1
t T Tu dT
h. A
Q
T2 Tu
t
h. A
n h. A
vc T T Q
h. A
1 u
40
BAB 3 PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN
DIFERENSIAL ORDINER DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN METODE BESSEL
A → B
41
L
U U
C0 C0
C
x δx
42
Bulk(cairan) mengalir cepat→air mengalir dalam
pipa
D=konstanta difusivitas
X x+δx
Bulk flow of A Uc dC
uC u x
dx
Diffusion of A dc dc d dc
D D D x
dx dx dx dx
dc dc
uC D uC D k .C.x 0
dx x dx x x
dc dc
uC x D uC x x D k .C.x 0
dx x dx x x
dc dc
uC x x uC D D k .C.x 0
x
dx x x dx x
43
dc dc
D D
uC x x uC dx x x dx x
lim x
lim k .c 0
x 0 x x 0 x
d d dc
(uC ) D k .C 0
dx dx dx
0
d dc du
(uC ) u c
dx dx dx
d dc d dc
D D
dx dx dx dx
d 2c
D 2
dx
44
dc d 2c
u D 2 kc 0
dx dx
2
d c dc
D 2 u kc 0
dx dx
Bc : x 0 C C0
dc
xL 0
dx
2
mx dc mx d c
c e ; me ; 2 m 2 e mx
dx dx
u u 2 4.k .D
m1, 2
2D
4.k .D
u u 2 1 2
u
m1, 2
2D
u u (a) 4.k .D
a u2 2
2D u
u (1 a ) u (1 a ) u (1 a )
m1 ; m2
2D 2D 2D
45
c e mx
c Ae m1x Be m2 x
u (1 a ) u (1 a )
Aex x Bex
2D 2D
dc
Am1e m1x Bm2 e m2 x
dx
0 Am1e m1L Bm2 e m2 x
C0 A B
A C0 B
0 (C0 B)m1e m1L Bm2 e m2 L
0 C0 m1e m1L Bm1e m1L Bm2 e m2 L
0 C0 m1e m1L B(m1e m1L m2 e m2 L )
C0 m1e m1L
B
m1e m1L m2 e m2 L
x2d2y
dx
dy
x(a 2b.x 2 ) c dx 2 s b(1 a r ) x r b 2 x 2 r y 0
dx
46
Penyelesaian persamaan:
1 a b. x
d d
r
r
C1Z p x s C2 .Z p x s
yx 2
e
s s
d
Jika real
s
Zp=Jp danZ-p=J-p
Zp=YndanZ-p=Yn
d
Jika imajiner
s
1 1 a
2
p C
s 2
47
c. p≠0 atau p≠0 bilangan real positif integer
Zp=Ip danZ-p=I-p
Zp=KndanZ-p=Kn
Bessel
48
d2 dT
1)r 2 2
r r 2T 0
dr dr
d 2T dT
x2 2 x x 2T 0
dx dx
x x(a 2bx) x 0
2
a 2bx r 1
a 0 1
a 1
c dx s b(1
a r)x b x r 0
3 r 2 2
0
0
d 1
s 1
c0
b0
r0
d 1
1
s 1
Imajiner
49
1 1 a
2
P c
s 2
1 11
2
P c
1 2
P0
p 0 Z p In ; Z p Kn
11
d d
yx C1Z p
2 ( 0 x )
x C2 Z p s
x
r
s
e
s s
1 1 1 1
C1 I n x C2 K n x
1 1
y C1 I n ( x) C2 K n ( x)
y C1 I 0 ( x) C2 K 0 ( x)
r+dr
L
r
1,25 cm
5 cm
2rL qr r 2rL.qr r r
h(2rr )(T T0 ) 0
qr r qr h
lim r r
r r r (T T0 ) 0
L
r 0
51
d
r.qr h r (T T0 ) 0
dr L
d dT h
r k r (T T0 ) 0
dr dr L
d dT h
k r r (T T0 ) 0
dr dr L
d 2T dT h
kr 2
k r (T T0 ) 0
dr dr L
d 2T dT h
r 2 r (T T0 ) 0
dr dr k .L
d 2T dT h 2
r2 2 r r (T T0 ) 0
dr dr k .L
BC
r 0,0125 T 120
dT
r 0,05 k h(T T0 )
dr
diketahui
y T T0
52
2h
xr
kL
y T T0 dy dT
2h 2h
xr x2 r 2
kL kL
2h 2h
dx .dr dx.dx dr.dr
kL kL
kL d 2 y kL dy
x2
. x .
2h kL .dx 2 2h kL
.dx
2h 2h
d2y dy
x2 2
x x2 y 0
dx dx
x x(a 2bx) x 0
2
53
a 2bx r 1
a 0 1
a 1
c dx s b(1
a r)x b x
3 r 2 2r
0
0
d 1
s 1
c0
b0
r0
d 1
1
s 1
1 1 a
2
P c
s 2
1 11
2
P 0
1 2
P0
p 0 Z p In ; Z p Kn
11
d d
yx 2 ( 0 x ) C1Z p x s C1Z p x s
r
e
s s
54
1 1 1 1
C1 I n x C2 K n x
1 1
y C1 I n ( x) C2 K n ( x)
y C1 I 0 ( x) C2 K 0 ( x)
1) x=0,0195→y=105
y C1 I 0 ( x) C2 K 0 ( x)
105 C1 I 0 (0,0195) C2 K 0 (0,0195)
55
dy d
2) x 0,078 0,0195 y I ( x p Z p (q.x)) ax p Z p
dx dx
dy dy
y x p Z p (ax) I : ax p Z p (ax) K : ax p Z p (ax)
dx dx
dy
C1 I 1 ( x) C2 K 1 ( x) 0,0195 y
dx
C1 I 1 ( x) C2 K 1 ( x) 0,0195C1 I 0 ( x) C2 K 0 ( x)
C1 I 1 (0,078) C2 K 1 (0,078) 0,0195C1 I 0 (0,078) C2 K 0 (0,078)
dy
x 0,078 0,0195 y
dx
untukI
d p
dx
x Z p (ax) ax p Z p 1 (ax)
k
d p
dx
x Z p (ax) ax p Z p 1 (ax)
56
Dari tabel (dalam buku sherwood) atau matlab, kita
dapat menemukan nilai dari I dan K.
C1 103
C2 0,477
sehingga
y 103I 0 ( x) 0,477 K 0 ( x)
T 15 103I 0 (1,55r ) 0,477 K 0 (1,55r )
bessel
d 2c dc
x2 2
2 x x 2 c 0
dx dx
a 2bx r 1
2 a 2bx r
2 a0
a2
57
c dx s b(1 a r ) x b2 xr 0
2 r
0
c0
d x
b0
s 1
58
BAB 4 PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN
DIFERENSIAL PARSIAL DENGAN METODE
SUBSTITUSI
4.1 Jenis-jenis Persamaan Diferensial Parsial
dan Penyelesaiannya
2T 1 dT
dx 2 dt
dT
1.Konduksi k . A
dx
2.Konveksi h. A(T T0 )
3.Radiasi
PD PARSIAL
1. Cara Subtitusi
PD homogen, BC homogen
59
PD homogen, BC tidak homogen
1) Cara Subtitusi
60
slab sebagai fungsi posisi dan
dx
Tipis
Neraca Panas
61
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x
m.c p
dt
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x
.V .c p
dt
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x
.x. y.z.c p
dt
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x . A.x.c p
dt
A.x
qx x qx dT
x x
.c p
x dt
qx x qx dT
lim x x
.c p
x 0 x dt
dT
q x .c p
x dt
T dT
.k .c p
x x dt
T 2
dT
k 2 .c p
x dt
T .c p dT
2
x 2 k dt
T 1 dT
2
x 2 dt
62
BC
T T0
T1 T0
T
T1 T0
x x
T
2
2
T T
x 2 x 2
1 0
T
T1 T0
t t
Persamaan menjadi
2 1
x 2 t
IC (kondisi awal)
T(x,0)=0
63
T(0,t)=1
T(∞,t)=0
2 1
substitusi xt n
x 2
t
64
. tn
x x
2
. .
x 2
x x
2 n
.( t n ) t
x 2
2 2n
2
t
x 2 2
. xnt n 1
t t
2 1
t 2n xnt n 1 0
2
2 1
t 2n x n t n 1
2
t2n
2 1
x n t ( n 1)
2
ingat
xt n
x n
t
t n 1
2n
t
t n 1 2 n
t n 1
t n 1
65
2
n nt ( n 1)
2
t
2 t n n ( n 1)
t
2
2 n n n 1
t
2
2 n 2 n 1
t
2
2
2 2
BC
( x ,0 ) 0
(0, t ) 1
( , t ) 0
2
2 2
d
Substitusi dengan y dimana y
d
66
2
y
2 2
2
y0
2 2
dy dy
y 2 0 d 0 atau
y 0 2
d 0
ln y ln C1
4
2
y C1e 4
2
d C1e 4
2
C1e 4
C2
0
BC
( x ,0 ) 0
(0, t ) 1
( , t ) 0
BC berubah
0
1 0
67
BC (1)
0 1
2
C1e 4
dy C2
0
0
0 2
1 C1e 4
C2
0
C2 1
BC (2)
0
68
2
C1e 4
dy 1
0
0
2
0 C1e 4
1
0
2
1 C1e 4
1
C1 2
C e
0
1
4
dy
2
C1e 4
dy C2
0
2
1
e 4
dy 2
1
e 4
0
dy
0
2
1 e 4
d
0
2
e
0
4
d
69
error
0
function
error function
e Z dz
2
Karena ada 2 0
z
2
erf ( z ) e Z dz
2
0
erf ( z ) 1 erf ( z )
z
erf ( z ) erf ( z )dz
0
Substitusi
2
z2
4
z
2
2 .z
d 2 dz
1
dz d
2
70
2
e d e z 2 dz
2
4
0 0
2 e z dz
2
0
2
2
e 4
d
1 0
71
2
e d e z 2 dz
2
4
0 0
1 e z 2 dz
2
0
2 z2
0
1 e dz
erf ( z )
1 erf ( z ) erfc( z )
z xt n
2
xt n
2
xt n
erfc
2
xt 1/ 2
erfc
2
Tugas
72
yang meliputi konduktivitas termal(k), rapat
massa dalam keadaan steady state flow fluida di
atas palt di dekati dengan vx . y .
perppindahan panas secara konduksi dianggap
hanya ke arah y saja. Tentukan distribusi suhu
dalam cairan
73
BAB 5 PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN
DIFERENSIAL PARSIAL DENGAN METODE
PEMISAHAN VARIABEL PD HOMOGEN
5.1 Jenis-jenis Persamaan Diferensial Parsial
dengan Pemisahan Variabel
PD Homogen. Setiap kelompok mengandung
variabel atau tidak mengandung yang berdiri
sendiri
Contoh:
2 1
x 2 t
Contoh:
2T 1 T
x 2 k t
Contoh 5.1
74
5.2 Penyelesaian Persamaan Diferensial Parsial
dengan Metode Pemisahan Variabel
Suatu Slab ruas tak hingga terletak diantara
x=0 dan x=L. mempunyai distribusi suhu kedua
permukaan mula-mula T T0 K 0 . Pada suatu saat
suhu kedua permukaan diubah menjadi T0 . Carilah
distribusi suhu slab sebagai fungsi posisi dan
waktu!
qx qx x x
x
0 1/2L 1/2L
L
Gambar 5.1 Distribusi Suhu pada Slab
Contoh 5.1
75
Neraca Panas
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x
m.c p
dt
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x
.V .c p
dt
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x
.x. y.z.c p
dt
dT
A.q x x A.q x x x . A.x.c p
dt
A.x
qx x qx dT
x x
.c p
x dt
qx x qx dT
lim x x
.c p
x 0 x dt
76
dT
q k . A
dt
T dT
k .c p
x x dt
2T dT
k .c p
x 2
dt
T .c p dT
2
x 2 k dt
T 1 dT
2
x 2 dt
BC
T(x,0)=T0+K0
T(1/2L,t)=T0
T(0,t)=tertentu
T(∞,t)=T0
77
T ( x, t ) R( x) Q(t )
1
R( x) (t )
atau
T ( x, t ) R( x), (t )
2T
R ''
x 2
T
R '
x
T
R '
t
1
R '' RQ '
R ''
1 '
R
78
R ''
a 2
R
R '' a 2 .R
d 2R
2
a 2 .R
dx
d 2R
2
a 2 .R 0
dx
misal
R Ce mx
dR
Cme mx
dx
d 2R
2
Cm 2 e mx
dx
Cm 2 e mx a 2Ce mx 0
m2 a 2 0
m 2 a 2
m (a )i imajiner
R C1e ai C1e ai
R C3 cos ax C4 sin ax
1 '
a 2
' a 2 . .
79
Q ' a 2 . .
d
a 2 . .
dt
d
a 2 . .at
ln a 2 . .t
. .t
C5 .e a
2
. .t
T ( a ) C3 cos ax C4 sin ax C5 .e a
2
Untuk konstanta a2
R ''
a2
R
R '' a 2 .R
d 2R
2
a 2 .R
dx
d 2R
2
a 2 .R 0
dx
misal
R Ce mx
dR
Cme mx
dx
d 2R
Cm 2 e mx
dx 2
80
Cm 2 e mx a 2Ce mx 0
m2 a 2 0
m2 a 2
m a
R C6 e ax C7 e ax
1 '
a2
' a 2 . .
d
a 2 . .
dt
d
a 2 . .at
dt
ln a 2 . .at
. .t
C8e a
2
T (a ) C6 e ax C7 e ax C8e a
2
. .t
81
Untuk konstanta 0
R ''
0
R
R '' 0
d 2R
0
dx 2
dR
C9
dx
R C9 x C10
1 '
0
' 0
d
0
dt
C11
T (a ) C9 x C10 C11
Ttotal C3 cos(ax) C4 sin( ax) C5e a t C6 e ax C7 e ax C8e a t
2 2
Ttotal C12 cos(ax) C13 sin( ax) e a t C14 e ax C15e ax e a t C1
2 2
82
T (, t ) T0
T0 C12 cos a.x C13 sin a.x e a t C14 e ax C15e ax e a t C16 x
2 2
C17 T0
C14 0
C15 0
C16 0
BC.3
dT
0
dx ( 0 ,t )
83
T C12 cos a.x C13 sin a.x e a t
2
dx
2
0 C12 cos(0) C13 sin(0) e a t
0
T C13 cos a.x e a t T0
2
1
BC 4 T ( L, t ) T0
2
84
1 2
T0 C13 cos a.L e a t T0
2
1 2
0 C13 cos a.L e a t
2
1
cos a.L 0
2
3 5 7
cos 0 , , , ,...,
2 2 2 2
0 , ,2 ,...
2 2 2
cos 0 n. n 0
2
1
n
2
2n 1
2 2
2n 1
2
85
1 2n 1
cos an. L cos .
2 2
1 2n 1
an. L .
2 2
2n 1 2
an .
2 L
2n 1
an .
2
T C13 cos(an.x)e an t T0
2
BC 1 T ( x,0) T0 K 0
T0 K 0 C13 cos(an.x)e an 0 T0
2
K 0 C13 cos(an.x)
86
FUNGSI ORTHOGONAL
x=b =0 m ≠ n
d dy
dx
[ p (x) dx
] + [ q (x) + λ (x) ] y = 0
87
3. Pada x = a atau x = b , P (x) = 0 dan
y terletak pada x yang membuat harganya
bertinggi
6. PD Berbentuk
qo (x) d2y
+ q1 (x) d2y
+ [ q2 (x) + λ
dx2 dx2
q3 (x) ]
q1 (x)
P (x) = e xP ∫ qo (x)
dx
q2 (x)
q (x) = . p (x)
q0 (x)
q s (x) 88
r (x) = . P(x)
q0 (x)
f (x) = Σ ͂ An Øn (x)
b b
a a
= Σ ͂ An ∫ r(x)
Øm(x) Øn (x) dx N=0 a
Untuk m = n
b b
b
f(x) r(x) Øn(x) dx
An = ∫
a r(x) [Øn(x)]2 dx
89
r= Σ ͂ An cos (An . x) e-an2xt + T°
N=0
dengan T = T° + Ku sehingga
Σ ͂ { }e
2n +1
Ku = . An cos . .π.x °
L
N=0
An = .......?
untuk mencari An digunakan syarat fungsi
orthogonal f (x) ≠ 0 maka m = n
½L ½L
Ku ∫ cos { 2n +1
L
. .π.x } dx = Σ ͂ An ∫ cos { 2n +1
L
.π.
} cos { }
0 N=0 0
x .π.x
½L ½L
Ku ∫ cos { 2n +1
L
.π.x } dx = Σ ͂ An ∫ 2n +1
L
{ } dx
0 N=0 0
cos2 .π.x
½L
2n +1
90
Ku ∫ x cos { L
.π } dx
An = 0
½L
Ku ∫ cos2 { 2n +1
L
.π.x } dx
0
∫ x cos { 2n +1
L
.π.x } dx Catatan ʯ :
0
1. Log
2. Eksponensial
∫ u dʯ = uʯ ∫ ʯ du 3. Aljabar
4. Trigonometri
v=x
dʯ = cos { 2n +1
L
.π.x } dx
ʯ=x
dʯ = cos { 2n +1
L
.π.x } dx
2n +1
misal : m = .π.x
L
2n +1
dm = . π . dx
L
dm . L
dx =
(2n +1) π
91
ʯ = ∫ cos m dm . L
(2n +1) π
L
ʯ = sin m
(2n +1) π
L 2n +1
ʯ = sin ( )π.x
(2n +1) π L
∫ u dʯ = uʯ - ∫ ʯ du
½L
x=½L
-∫
L 2n +1 L
=x [ s sin ( )π.x]
(2n +1) π L (2n + 1) π
sin ( . π . x ) dx x=0 0
L 2n +1
Mencari Integral (2n +1) π sin ( L
. π . x ) dx
2n +1
Misal r = L
.π.x
2n +1
dr = L
. π . dx
L . dr
dx =
(2n +1) π
L
(2n +1) π ∫ sin r L . dr
(2n +1) π
L
(2n +1) π ∫ L . dr
(2n +1) π sin r. dr
92
L2
- cos r
(2n +1)2 π2
½L
L2 (2n +1)
- (2n +1)2 π2 cos ( .π.x)
L 0
sehingga:
L (2n +1) ½L L2 (2n +1)
=x sin ( )π.x + (2n +1)2 π2
cos (
(2n +1) π L L
. π . x)
0
L (2n +1) L2
=[½L (2n +1) π
sin ( L )π.½L–0]+[ (2n +1)2 π2
[
cos ( π) ½ L – cos (0)]]
L2 (2n +1) L2
= [ 2 (2n +1) π sin (
2
)π]+[ (2n +1)2 π2
(cos ( (2n +1) )
2
π – cos° )]
(-1)n 0
½L
Jadi ∫ x cos (
(2n +1)
L
. π . x ) dx =
L2 (-1)n
2 (2n +1) π
-
L2
(2n +1)2 π2
0
Proses Intergal (II)
½L
∫ cos2 (
(2n +1)
L
. π . x ) dx
0
b
93
∫ cos2 x dx = ½ ∫ ( cos 2x + 1 ) dx
a
½L ½L
∫ cos2 (
(2n +1)
L
. π . x ) dx = ½ ∫ ( cos 2 (
(2n +1)
L
. π . x ) + 1 ) dx
0 0
dengan x
= ( (2n +1) ) π . x
L
½L ½L
=½ ∫ ( cos2 (
(2n +1)
L
. π . x )) dx + ½ ∫ dx
0 0
½L ½L
=½ ∫ cos (
(4n +2)
L
. π . x ) dx + ½ ∫ dx
0 0
(4n +2)
Misal y = .π.x
L
(4n +2)
dy = . π . dx
L
dx = L . dy
(4n + 2) π
L . dy
dx =
(4n + 2) π
94
∫ cos y . dx
∫ cos y . L . dy
(4n + 2) π
L
= (4n + 2) π ∫ cos y dy
L
= sin y
(4n + 2) π
L 4n + 2
= (4n + 2) π
sin ( )π.x
L
Sehingga :
½L ½L
=½ ∫ ( cos ( 4n + 2
. π . x ) dx = ½ ∫ dx
L
0 0
½L ½L
L 4n + 2
=½ sin ( .π.x) +½x
(4n + 2) π L 0 0
L 4 (2n + 1) π
=[ sin ( . ½ L – sin 0 ] + ¼
4 (2n + 1) π L
L–0
L
= 4 (2n + 1) π
sin ( 2n + 1) π – sin 0 ] + ¼ L
½L
(2n + 1)
95
Jadi ∫ cos2 (
L
π . x ) dx = ¼ L
0
(-1)n L2 L2
Ku { - }
2 (2n + 1) π (2n + 1)2 π2
An =
¼L
4 Ku (-1)n L2 L2
An = L
{ - }
2 (2n + 1) π (2n + 1)2 π2
T = Σ ͂ An { cos (anx) } e° + To
N=0
96
4x
x=0 x=L
Neraca Panas
qx x – qx x + 4x = ρ . cp .
dt
ℓim 4x 0
4x
-d dT dT
-dx
(qx ) = ρ . cp .
dt
qx
dx
= -k.
-d -d dT
97
-dx
(- k -dx
) = ρ . cp . dt
-d2T dT
k -dx2
= ρ . cp .
dt
-d2T 1 dT ƙ
= dt
α ρ.q
-dx2 α
=
BC
1. T ( X , 0 ) T = TO + KX
2. T ( L , t ) = T2
3. T ( 0 , t ) = T1
dT
dx
( ½ L1 ∾ ) = 0
T = R(x) θ(t)
dT dR
= . θ = R’ . θ
dx dx
d2T d2R
dx2
= dx2
. θ = R” . θ
dT dθ
dt
= R. = R . θ’
dt
d2T 1 dT
dx2
= .
α dx
d2R 1 dθ
dx2
.θ= α
.R. dt
1
98
R” . θ = α
. R . θ’
R” 1 θ’
= α
. θ
= -a2 , = a2 , = 0
R
R”
R
= -a2 R” + a2 R = 0
R = C . emx
dR
dx
= = C . m . emx
d2R
ax2 = C . m2 . emx
C . m2 . emx + a2 . C . emx = 0
C emx ( m2 + a2 ) = 0
( m2 + a2 ) = 0
m2 = -a2
m1 2 = ± √-a2
= + ia
R1 = C1 e-aix
= C1 cos (ax) + (2 sin (ax))
R”
= a2 C m2 emx - a2 C emx = 0
R
C emx ( m2 – a2 ) = 0
m1 2 = ±a
99
R2 = C3 eax + C4 e-ax
R”
= 0 R” = 0 C m2 emx =
R
0 R3 = C5x + C6
m1 2 =
0
1 θ’ θ’
= -a2 = -a2 α
α θ θ
dθ
= -a2 α θ
dt
dθ
= -a2 α dt
θ
ℓn θ = -a2 α t + ℓn C7
θ1 = C1 exp-a2 α t
1 θ’ dθ
= a2 = a2 α θ
α θ dθ
dθ
= a2 α dt
θ
ℓn θ = -a2 α t + ℓn C8
θ2 = C8 ea αt
2
1 θ’ dθ
= 0 = 0
α θ dt
θ3 = C9
T = R1 θ1 + R2 θ2 + R3 θ3
-a2 α t ax
100
= ( C1 cos (ax) + C2 sin (ax) ) + C7 e + ( C3 e
+ C4 e ) C8 e +
( C5x + C6 ) . C9
= ( C10 cos (ax) + C11 sin ax ) e -a αt
+ ( C12 e ax +
2
1. T ( X , 0) T = TO + KX
2. T ( 0 , t ) = T1
3. T ( L , t ) = T2
BC 2
-a2 α t a2 α t
T1 = ( C10 cos (0) + C11 sin (0) ) e + ( C12
eo + C13 eo ) e + 0 + C10
= C10 e-a 2 αt
+ ( C12 + C13 ) eoa
2 αt
+ C15
C15 = T1
0 0 0
T = ( C11 sin ax ) e -a αt
2
+ C14 x + T1
BC 3
T (L , t) = T2
-a2 α t
T2 = ( C11 sin aL ) e + C14 L + T1
sin aL = 0 sin an = sin n π
nπ
101
T2 = C14 . L + T1 an =
L
T2 – T1
C14 =
L
-n2 π2
nπ T2 – T1
T = C11 sin L x e L2 +( ) x +T1
L
T (X , 0) = To + Kx
-n2 π2
nπ T2 – T1
To + Kx = C11 sin .x.e L2
+e L
L
. x + T1
C11 = f (x) ?? Dimisalkan jawaban
nπ
berbentuk deret nπ αt ( T2 – T1 )
T = C2 sin .x.e L + L
L
-n π α t
. x + T1 ( T2 – T1 )
Σ ͂
nπ
To + Kx = An sin L
.xe L
+ L
N=0
( T2 – T1 )
. x + T1
Σ
N=0
To + Kx -
L
. x – T1 = ͂ An sin nn π
L
L L
.x
Σ
( T2 – T1 ) nπ
N=0
102
∫ ( To + Kx – L
. x – T1 ) sin L
.x.
0 0
dx = ∫ ͂ An sin .x
Bila m ≠ n hasil = 0
Bila m = n hasil ≠ 0
L L
∫ ( To + Kx –
( T2 – T1 )
L
. x – T1 ) sin
mπ
L
. x . dx = ∫ Σ
0 0 N=0
͂ An sin2 . x . dx
( T2 – T1 )
∫ ( To + Kx –
L
– T1 ) sin
nπ
.
x . dx nπ
An = 0
L
∫ sin2
nπ
L
. dx
0
1. ( To – T1 ) ∫ sin
nπ
L
. x . dx
0
L
L nπ
( To – T1 ) nπ
( - cos .x )
L 0
L
103 n π
( To – T1 ) nπ
[ - cos L
. L – ( - cos (0) ]
L
( To – T1 ) nπ
[ - cos n π – (- cos (0) ]
L
nπ
( To – T1 ) [ - cos n π + 1 ]
L nπ
( T1 – To ) cos n π + L
( To – T1 )
nπ
L
2. -∫ K x sin
nπ
L
. x . dx
0
-K ∫ x sin
nπ
L
. x . dx
0
nπ
u = x dv = sin .x
L
du nπ
= 1 v = - cos .x
dx L
du = dx
∫ udv = uv - ∫ vdu
L
= x ( - cos
nπ
L
.x) 0 ∫ ( - cos nπ
L
.
nπ L L
nπ
. x ) dx
= - x cos L
.x 0
+ sin L
.x 0
104
= - L cos n π - (0) + ( sin n π - sin
(0) )
= - KL cos n π + K sim n π
3. -∫ ( T2 – T1 ) x sin nLπ . x . dx
L
) ∫ x sin
T2 – T1 nπx
-( L
. dx
L
0
u = x dv = sin n π .x . dx
L
L nπx
du = dx v = cos
nπ L
L
4. ∫ sin2 nπ
L
. dx cos 2x = 1 – 2 sin2 2
0
2 sin2 α = 1 – cos 2x
L
∫ ½ - ½ cos 2ax dx sin2 α = ½ - ½ cos 2
0
nπ
dimana = a
L
L
∫ ½ - ½ cos 2a x dx
L 2
= ½x -½
0 2
0
L a
sin 2ax . ax2
105
= ½x -
0 x
L
x2 - sin 2ax nπ 2n π
= ½x - x L
0
x2 - sin .x
nπ
= (½L–½0)–(
2L
nπL
. L2 sin . .L–0)
= ½L- 2
sin
2π = ½ L
Soal
Suatu slab dengan luas tidak berhingga
terletak antara x = 0 dan x = L. Suhu mula-mula
To mulai satu saat suhu permukaan x = 0
(w
diubah menjadi T1 sedang pada permukaan x =
L dimasukkan panas sebanyak qo .
Carilah distribusi suhu slab sebagai fungsi
posisi dan waktu.
106
T1 A qo
4x
X=0 X=L
Cp . ʚT ʚT ρ Cp ʚT
ʚx
- = K ʚt
x + 4x ʚx x
ℓim x 0
1 ρ Cp
=
α K
ʚ ʚT 1 ʚT
P.D. ( ) =
ʚx ʚx α ʚx
B,V,C
IC (1) T ( x , 0 ) = To
107
ʚT
B C (2) T (0,t) = T1 qo A = - ʚx
ʚT qo
KA ( L , t)
(3) (L , t) = -
ʚx K
ʚx
= R’ . θ
ʚ2T
= R” . θ
ʚx2
T
= R . θ’
t
R’ 1
.θ = α
R θ’
R
R’ 1 θ’
R
=
α θ
Tetapan = -a2
R’
= -a2 R’ a2 R = 0
R
a2R
= a2 R = 0
dx2
Substitusi R = C emx
dR
108
= C m2 emx
dx
d2R
= C m2 emx
dx2
C m2 emx + a2 C emx = 0
m2 + a2 = 0
m2 + a2 m = ± √-a2 = ± ai
R = C1 eax + C2 e-ax
R = C3 cos ax + C4 sin ax
1 θ’
= -a2 0 = -a2 α
α θ
dθ’
= -a2 α 0
dt
dθ
= -a2 α dx
θ
ℓn θ = -a2 α t + ℓn C2
Tetapan = 0
R” θ’
= =0
R θ
R’
= 0
R
d2R
= 0
dx2
dR
= C2
dx
109
θ
= 0 sehingga R = 12 x + C7
θ
dθ
= 0
θ
Tetapan = +a2
R’ 1 θ’
= = a2
R’ α θ
R
= a2
R
d2R
= a2 R = 0
d2R
Substitusi R = C emx
Sehingga didapat
R = C3 eox + C13 e-ax
1 θ’
= a2
α θ
dθ
= a2 α θ
dt
θ = C17 e -a α t
2
Jawaban lengkap :
T = ( C3 cos ax + C4 sin ax ) C5 e -a
2α t
+ ( C6 x + C7 ) C8
110
atau
T = ( C12 cos ax + C13 sin ax ) C5 e-a
2α t
+ ( C14 x + C15
) + ( C16 eax + C e-ax ) e
BC (4) T (x , ∾) = Tertentu
Tertentu = ( C12 cos ax + C13 sin ax ) e-∾ + ( C14 x + C15 )
BC (2) T ( 0 , t ) = T1
= ( C13 sin 0 + C12 cos 0 ) e -a
2α t
T + C14 0 + C15
C12 = 0 C15 = T1
T = C13 sin ax e -a2 α t
+ C14 x + T1
ʚT
= C13 a cos ax e -a
2α t
ʚx + C14
BC (3)
qo -a2 α t
- = C13 a cos a L e + C14
K
qo
111
C14 = - dan cos aL = 0
K
( 2n + 1 ) π
sehingga cos an L = cos
2
( 2n + 1 ) π ( 2n + 1 ) π
an L = an
2 2
qo
= C13 sin an x e-a
2α t
T – x + T1
K
IC (1) T (x , 0) = To
qo
To = C13 sin an x e-o – x + T1
K
qo
To + x – T1 = C13 sin an x
K
Σ
qo
jawaban terbentuk. -a2 α t
N=0
T = An sin an x e – x + T1
K
qo
To + x – T1 = Σ An sin an x
K
( To +
K
qo
x – T1 ) sin am x = Σ
An sin am x sin an x
L qo L
112
∫ ( To + x – T1 ) sin am x dx = Σ Aa ∫ sin
K
0 0
amx sin an x dx
n = m hasil ≠ 0
n ≠ m hasil = 0
Jadi n = m agar hasil ≠ 0
L L
∫ Σ Aa ∫
qo
( To + x – T1 ) sin an x dx = sin2
K
0 0
L
qo
an x
∫ ( To +
K
x – T1 ) sin an x dx
Σ An = 0
L
∫ sin2 an x dx
0
Penyelesaian pembilang
L L
∫ ( To – T1 ) sin an x dx ∫ qo
K
x (sin an x) dx =
0 0
L qo L
=
(To – T1 )
K
cos an x
0
-
1
an K
∫ x d (cos an x)
0
113
qo L
(To – T1) (2n + 1) π
= { cos L – cos 0 } – [ x cos
K 2L an K 0
∫
an x (To – T-1) 2 L cos an x dx }qo 1
= (0 – 1) – [ ( L cos an L – 0 cos 0) –
an
sin a(2n
nL +
+ 1) π
sin 0 ] an K
qo (2n + 1) π
(To – T1) 2 L
= (2n + 1) π
+ an2 K
sin 2
(2n + 1) π
n sin
2
0 1
1 -1
2 1
(2n + 1) π
Jadi sin = (-1)n
2
(To – T1) 2 L qo 2L
Jadi pembilang = (2n + 1) π
+ K
{ (2n + 1) π
}2 (-1)n
L
sin2 an x dx = ∫ ( ½ - ½ cos 2 an x ) dx
0
L L
1
= ½x - 4 an
sin 2 an x
0 0
1 (2n + 1) π
= ½L– { sin . 2 L – sin 0 }
4 an 2L
114
= ½L
T = Σ [–
4 ( To – T1)
(2n + 1) π
+
8qo L (-1)n
K { (2n + 1) π }2
] sin
(2n + 1) π
2L
x N=0
(2n + 1) π qo
exp – { } α t – x + T1
2L K
115
BAB 6 PENYELESAIAN PERSAMAAN DIFERENSIAL
PARSIAL DENGAN METODE PEMISAHAN
VARIABEL PD NON HOMOGEN
Suatu silinder engsel persegi panjang berjari-jari
R1 mula-mula bersuhu To. Mulai suatu saat
permukannya diubah menjadi T1. Cara distribusi
suhu silinder sebagai fungsi posisi dan waktu.
Diambil panjang silinder L satuan panjang.
T1
) = 2 π r 4r L ρ Cp
116
ʚT ʚT ρ . Cp ʚT
( r + 4r )ʚ = r
ʚr r + 4r – r ʚr K ʚt
4r
ℓim 4r 0
1 ρ . Cp
=
α K
ʚ ʚT 1 ʚT
ʚr
(r ʚt
) = r
α ʚt
ʚ2t 1 ʚT 1 ʚT
+ = α ʚt
ʚr2 r ʚr
θ = R (r) β (t)
1 1
PD Rβ + R’β = α
β’R
r
R” 1 R’ 1 β’
+ =
R r R α β
Tetapan = -a2 = a2 = 0
R” 1 R’
+ = -a2
R r R
117
R” + R’ + a2 R = 0
r
d2R dR
+ + a2 R = 0
dr2 dr
d2R dR
r2 + r + a2 r2 R = 0
dr2 dr
a = 1 c = 0 b = 0 d =
a2 s = 1
√d √ a2
= = a = sin
s 1
P =
1
1
√ ( ( 1 – 1) )2 - 0
=0 2
R = C1 γo (ar) + C2 ƴo (ar)
1 β’
= -a2
α β
β’ + α a2 β = 0
Caranya :
d2y dy
118
x2 2 + x (a + 2b xr) dx
+ [ C1 dx2s -b (1 –
dx
a – r) xr + b2 x2 r) ] y = 0
-(b x r)
(1 – a)
[ C1 zp ( √ d
r
y = x 2 e . x3
) + C2 zp [ √ d
s
d2y dy
x2 + x + a2 x2 y = 0
dx2 dx
d2R dR
r2 dr2
+ r dr
+ a2 r2 R = 0
lanjutan
dβ
β
+ α a2 dt = 0 ln β = - α a2
-a α2 t
t + ln C2
β = C3 e
Tetapan = 0 .......... 2
R’’ 1 R’
+ = 0
R 1 R
1 d2R 1 dR
R” + . R’ = 0 dr2
+ dr
r r
+ = 0
119
dR
Substitusi = u
dr
du 1 du 1
+ u = 0 +
u r
. dr =
dr 0 r
ln u + ln r = ln C4
C4
u =
r
dR C4 C4
= = dr =
dr r r
. dr
R = C4 ln r + C5
1 β’
= 0
α β
1 d
= 0
α dt
β = C6
Jawaban Lengkap :
e -a αt
2
θ = { C1 γo (ar) + C2 ƴo (ar) } C3 + (
C4 ln r + C5 )
atau
120 -a2 α t
θ = { C7 γo (ar) + C3 ƴo (ar) } e + C9 ln r
+ C10
BC θ (r , ∾) = 0
0 = { C4 γo (ar) + C8 ƴo (ar) } e- ∾ + C9 ln r
+ C10
C9 = 0 C10 = 0
e -a αt
2
θ = { C7 γo (ar) + C8 ƴo (ar) }
BC : T ( r , 0 ) = To T (r,∾) =
Tertentu
T ( r , t ) = T1 0 (r,∾) =
0
121