TITLE: Television-Based Instruction for Grade 8 - Science

TOPIC: Effect of Temperature to Speed of Sound

SEGMENT: Science 8
LENGTH: 30 minutes
TV ANCHOR: Corazon Ma. M. Muñoz
SCRIPT WRITERS: Corazon Ma. M. Muñoz

MELC: Investigates the effect of temperature to the speed of sound.

(MELC Week 4)
LESSON OBJECTIVE:
1. Compute for the speed of sound in air; and
2. Understand the properties of sound.

VIDEO AUDIO
OBB
Program ID
PROGRAM INTRO
Anchor A pleasant day to you our dear learners of Catbalogan City Division!

Anchor Welcome to our fourth episode for Grade 8 Science. I will again be your
learning companion for today, Teacher Heart.

Anchor I hope you have your module with you for we are about to discover
more learning today. Let us try to focus and enjoy the rest of the
session!
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PPT Today, we will learn about sound. We will investigate the effect of
temperature to the speed of sound. To be able to achieve this
competency, we need to learn to compute for the speed of sound in air
and understand the properties of sound.
Anchor
Let us continue our learning journey!

Supported with screencast of Sounds, sounds are caused by vibrations, referring to the back and forth
PPT, simulation and video movement of objects. As you speak, vibrations are produced by the
(Show videos then elaborate) vocal cords inside the throat. You can hear the vibrations when sound
waves reach your ear. When an object vibrates, it creates sound energy.

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Sound energy travels in the form of sound waves. These waves are
examples of longitudinal waves where the vibrations are parallel to the
direction of the wave. They are also known as mechanical waves since
sound waves need a medium in order to propagate.
These media can either be solids, liquids, or gases. Sound waves travel
fastest in solids and slowest in gases. The speed of sound can be
affected by the elasticity and density of the medium.

Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original form after a

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Anchor
certain amount of force has been applied to it. An example of an elastic
material is steel. Steel has the ability to return to its original shape after
it has been bent. Sound travels faster within more elastic objects. This is
due to the atoms and molecules of the elastic materials having a
relatively strong attraction towards each other and responding faster to
each other’s movement. As a result, sound energy is transferred more
quickly. Generally, solids are the most elastic, followed by liquids, and
then by gases. Thus, sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in gases.
Imagine talking to someone who is a hundred meters away, you would
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INFOMERCIAL
(How to keep safe amidst the
pandemic)
SIYENSYASKWELA
Prog ID
LESSON PROPER
Anchor
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have to shout if you would use the air as the medium of the sound.
However, if you allow the sound to travel through a solid, such as the
string of improvised phones made from tin cans, you would be able to
send the message across just by whispering.
Density is an intrinsic property that is determined by the amount of
mass per area of space or volume of the material. Recall that an intrinsic
property is a property of the material itself which is not dependent on
how much material is present. Denser objects have more mass per
volume, and they have more compact atoms and molecules. The
neighbouring atoms and molecules in denser objects are less responsive
to each other’s motions and interactions, making the sound wave travel
slower. This factor applies when comparing media of the same phase.
For example, sound travels faster in helium than it does in air, as helium
is less dense than the gases that make up air. You can observe that
helium is less dense than air because balloons that are filled with helium
float, whereas those filled with air are not.
This lesson deals with the temperature of the medium as another factor
affecting the speed of sound. In the quest to explore more about sound,
you will be acquainted with the properties of waves, specifically
reflection and refraction.
Before we continue, let us first take a break to watch these few
reminders from the World Health Organization on how to safe during
the pandemic.
Welcome back!
At this point turn your week 4 module for Grade 8 Science to the
What’s New portion and let us start talking about the effect of
temperature to the speed of sound. We will use the graphing activity on
your module to investigate and determine the effect of temperature on
the speed of sound.
The table on the page shows the speed of sound in air at various
temperatures. We will plot the data on the graph provided and answer
the questions that follow.
First let’s plot the speed of sound in air at zero degree Celsius, the table
shows it is equal to 331 m/s. Second, let’s plot the speed of sound in air
at 5 degrees Celsius, the table shows it is equal to 334 m/s. Now, at 10
degrees Celsius, the speed is 337 m/s. and lastly, at 20 degrees Celsius,
the speed is 343 m/s.
Now let us try to answer the questions to the activity for the What’s
New portion of your module.
Based on the graph, what is the relationship of temperature to the speed
of sound in air? We can infer from the graph that as the temperature
increases, the speed of sound also increases. Did you observe the same
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 PPT, simulation and video
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thing as well students? Very good! Let us try to focus more and answer
more questions.
From the graph shown, let us try to find the interval where the speed of
sound at 15°C is located. Give a good guess kids. Yes, it will be at 340
m/s. Well done!
Now let us extend the line of the graph and find the interval where the
speed of sound at 25°C is located. It will be at 346 m/s. Good job!
Now, using the graph let us determine how much does the speed of
sound change for the given change in temperature. Magnificent! It
changes at 0.6 m/s.
At this point we now understand that as the temperature increases, the
speed of sound also increases. Temperature affects the speed of sound.
I hope you are still focused and having fun with our investigation. At
this point we will inspect more about the speed of sound in air.
The speed of sound in dry air, which is at 0 0C, is around 331 m/s. This
speed, however, gets faster when the temperature is increased with the
presence of water vapour. In warmer air, or air with moisture, molecules
move faster and bump into each other more often, so sound can travel
faster. The speed of sound increases by 0.60 m/s with every increase of
10C. This can be expressed as:
m
m
v=331 + 0.6
s ( )
s
°C
∙T
Where: v = speed
T = temperature in 0C
Let us study how you can use this equation with the following sample
problems.
Let us do Example 1 of the What Is it? portion of your module.
The problem is to determine the speed of sound in the air if the
temperature is 300C?
Given is Temperature at 300C. Using the equation for the speed of
sound in air, let us try to solve this problem.
m
m
v=331 + 0.6
s ( )
s
°C
∙T
If temperature is 300C, we will substitute the symbol T with the value.
m
m
v=331 + 0.6
s ( )
s
°C
∙30 ℃
us first multiply 30 and 0.6
now, let us simplify the equation. Let
m m
v=331
s ( )
+ 18
s
now, let us add the product to 331,
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 m
Supported with screencast of and the answer would be v=349
s
PPT, simulation and video The speed of sound in air at 30 ℃ is approximately 349 m/s.

Now, what if the temperature is not given and only the speed of sound is
air is given how will we find for the temperature? Let us do example 2
Supported with screencast of of the What Is it? portion of your module to solve for this.
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The problem is to find the temperature of air if the speed of sound is
m m
346 m/s? Given is the speed which is 346
s (
v=346
s )
Using the equation for the speed of sound which is
m
m
v=331 + 0.6
s ( )
s
°C
∙T
We will substitute the given speed
m

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PPT, simulation and video
m
s
m
346 =331 + 0.6
s ( )
s
°C
∙T
Then combine the quantities with the same unit
m
m m
346 −331 = 0.6
s s ( )
s
°C
∙T

m
Which would be equal to

m
m
15 = 0.6
s ( )
°C
s
∙T
the we will simplify

Anchor 15
s
=T
m and simplify further we will get 25 ℃=T
s
0.6
Anchor ℃

The temperature of the air is at 25 ℃.

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How are you doing so far? I hope you are catching up with our lesson. If
you are having difficulty catching up, you can go back to your module
and review the lesson after we are done with our session. You may also
contact your subject teacher or adviser for direct supervision. Their
contact information is listed on your school’s directory page.

Supported with screencast of At this point we will continue studying about sound. We will now study
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Like any wave, a sound wave does not just stop when it reaches the end
of the medium or when it encounters an obstacle in its path. Rather, a
sound wave will undergo certain behavior when it encounters the end of
the medium or an obstacle. Possible behavior includes reflection and
refraction.

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Just like any other wave, sound also exhibits reflection. Reflection is
usually described as the turning back of the wave as it hits a barrier. The
echo is an example of a reflected sound. Reverberation, on the other
hand, refers to multiple reflections or echoes in a certain place. This best
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 fits the bathroom which enhances the voice.

In theaters and movie houses, there are also reverberations and echoes.
But these are not pleasing to the ears during a play or a movie. To lessen
these, designers use curtains and cloth covers for the chairs and carpets.
Figure 1
Another application of sound reflection is echo sounding. This is used
by scientists to map the seafloor and to determine the depth of the ocean
or sea. This is just the same as how bats use sound to detect distances.

The refraction of sound waves involves a change in the direction of

waves as they pass from one medium to another. Sound waves travel
slower in cooler air than in warmer air. When a sound wave propagates
Figure 2 in the air with temperature which changes with altitude, refraction
happens. A sound wave travels from air of higher temperature to lower
temperature. During the daytime, as illustrated in figure 1, sound travels
faster at the earth’s surface since the air molecules are hotter due to the
Anchor energy absorbed from the earth’s ground. The air molecules at the
higher altitude are cooler than those at the earth’s surface, causing
sound waves to refract upward. On the other hand, during night time, as
illustrated in figure 2, the earth’s surface is cooler and the layer of air
immediately above it is also cooler. As a result, sound travels faster at
the higher altitude and is refracted or bent towards the ground.

At this point we are at the end of our lesson. I hope our short session
helped you understand your lesson better. To improve your
understanding of the lesson you can do the simple activity in the
WHAT’S MORE portion of your module after we are done with the
session. If you need clarification on the concept you may contact your
subject teacher or adviser for direct supervision. Their contact
information is listed on your school’s directory page.
SUMMARY OF DAY’S
LESSON
Short pause

Anchor Before we end our session, let us first review what we have learned so
far by filling in the blanks to complete the statements. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper. Again, fill in the blanks to
complete the statements. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The speed of sound in dry air at 00C is

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around __________.
The answer is 331 m/s
2. The speed of sound in air increases by
__________ with every increase of 10C.
The answer is 0.6 m/s
3. Sound exhibits the following properties:
__________ and __________.
The answer is Reflection, refraction
4. The turning back of the wave as it hits the
barrier is called __________.
The answer is Reflection
5. The reflected sound is known as
__________.
The answer is Echo
6. __________ refers to the multiple
reflections or echoes in a certain place.

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 The answer is Reverberation
7. An application of sound reflection used by
scientists to map seafloor and to determine
the depth of the ocean or sea is
__________.
The answer is Echo sounding
8. The __________ of sound involves a
change in the direction of waves as they
pass from one medium to another.
The answer is Refraction
9. Sound waves travel __________ in cooler
air than in warmer air.
The answer is Slower

Anchor Good job! You have just proven that you have gained new learning on
the effect of temperature on the speed of sound.
QUIZ/STUDENTS’
PARTICIPATION

Anchor At this point we are at the end of today’s session. We just need test what
you learned today. I want you to answer the questions by choosing the
letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper. Again, choose the letter of the correct answer and write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Supported with screencast of 1. Which of the following factors does the speed of sound depend?
PPT and simulation A. Density
B. Elasticity
C. temperature
D. all of the above
2. An echo occurs when a sound wave is __________.
A. absorbed
B. reflected
C. refracted
D. transmitted
3. What happens to the speed of sound as the temperature increases?
A. constant
B. decreases
C. increases
D. cannot be determined
4. Which phenomenon explains why sound is heard at longer
distances at night than in day?
A. echolocation
B. reflection
C. refraction
D. reverberation
5. How fast does sound travel if the air temperature is 20 0C?
A. 334 m/s
B. 340 m/s
C. 343 m/s
D. 345 m/s

I hope that you have answered most, if not all, correctly. If you were not
Anchor able to, you can go back to your module to review the lesson. You may
also contact your subject teacher or adviser for clarifications and/or
direct supervision.

CLOSING BILLBOARD/
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ANNOUNCEMENTS/EXTRO
It has been a wonderful time being with you our dear learners. I hope
Anchor you had a fun and interesting learning experience. See you again in our
next episode for new learning opportunities.

I am your learning companion for today, Teacher Heart.

Anchor We heal as One, We Learn as One through BAYANIHANDS.

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