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Method Statement - Concreting in Cold Weather
Method Statement - Concreting in Cold Weather
_________________________________
Jasmina Petrović, Geology Eng.
________________________________
Darko Milidragović, MSc.Civil Eng.
___________________________
Novica Stojiljković, MSc CEng.
Lajkovac 2021.
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
Lazervac, Section Iverak - Lajkovac 01.11.2021
Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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weather
1. Opšte 1. General
U ovoj metodologiji opisane su metode rada tokom This Method statement specifies working
perioda niskih temperatura. Hladne temperature su conditions during cold temperature periods. Cold
definisane kao niske temperature, i one zahtevaju temperatures are defined as low temperatures,
posebne metode prilikom izvođenja radova kako bi se requiring special construction methodologies to
zadovoljili svi uslovi kao i u normalnim vremenskim satisfy the same requirements as during normal
prilikama. working conditions.
Vremenski uslovi se konstatuju i mere svakodnevno i The weather conditions are measured on a daily
to se dokumentuje u građevinskom dnevniku. U basis and documented in the construction log. In
hladnim vremenskim periodima, temperature cold weather periods temperatures have to be
vazduha će se meriti pre početka izvođenja svake measured prior to activities requiring special
aktivnosti i proveravaće se da li se ona izvodi u methodologies during cold weather conditions (e.g.
posebnim uslovima tj. da li će se odvijati u hladnim pouring concrete). Execution of works in special
vremenskim uslovima (npr. betoniranje). Izvođenje conditions will be well designed, organized and
radova u posebnim uslovima će biti dobro osmišljeno, implemented at all levels of this already sensitive
organizovano i sprovedeno na svim nivoima ovog i technological process.
onako osetljivog tehnološkog procesa.
Special conditions are considered to be weather
Posebnim uslovima smatraju se klimatski uslovi takvi conditions such that the temperature is lower than
da je temperatura okoline duže vreme niža od +5C° ili + 5C ° or higher than + 30C °.
viša od +30C°.
Cold weather periods in our country can be epected
Hladni vremenski periodi kod nas se mogu očekivati between October and April.
između Oktobra i Aprila.
The temperatures mentioned in the following are
Temperature navedene u nastavku su dnevne daily average temperatures.
prosečne temperature.
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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Beton koji će se koristiti će biti snadbevan od strane The concrete that will be used will be supplied by
betonske baze "Shandong Foreign Economic & the concrete base "Shandong Foreign Economic &
Technical Cooperation CO. LTD" lociranoj na petlji Technical Cooperation CO. LTD" located on the
Lajkovac pored autoputa E-763. Sva tražena Lajkovac next to the E-763 highway. All requested
dokumentacija (testna dokumentacija za agregat, documentation (attest documentation for
cement, aditive, vodu, projekat betonske mešavine i aggregate, cement, additives, water, concrete
sl.) će se dostaviti Inženjeru pre početka betoniranja. mixture design etc.) shall be submitted to the
Beton se izrađuje u betonskim postrojenjima sa Engineer prior to beginning of concreting. Concrete
grupisanjem mase sastavnih materijala (mineralni shall be made in concrete plants with weight-
agregat, cement, voda, aditivi). Period mešanja mora batching of component materials (mineral
biti dovoljan da se obezbedi ujednačena proizvodnja aggregate, cement, water, additives). Period of
betona. Transport betona od betonske baze do mesta mixing time shall be sufficient as to ensure uniform
izvođenja radova/ugradnje će se obaviti auto- concrete production. Transportation of concrete
mikserima. from the batching plant to the works/build-in spot
shall be done by mixing trucks.
Beton za hladne vremenske uslove potrebno je Concrete for cold weather conditions needs to be
pravilno napraviti u fabrici, ugraditi i zaštititi kako bi se properly made, deposited and protected in order to
postigla čvrstoća i konzistentnost u konstrukciji u achieve strength and consistency in the structure
skladu sa posebnim uslovima. Mere zaštite betona se according to particular exposition requirements.
povećavaju sa smanjenjem temperature. Concrete protection measures increases as the
temperature decreases.
Tokom hladnog vremena i mraza (temperatura
<5°C) beton će biti zaštićen od isušivanja, smrzavanja i During cold weather and frost periods
gubitka temperature tokom sazrevanja i očvrsćavanja. (Temperature <5°C) the concrete has to be
Sam beton se mora ugrađivati sa minimalnom protected against drying out, freezing and loss of the
zahtevanom temperaturom i zahteva duži period temperature due to slow strength development. The
negovanja tokom sazrevanja. concrete has to be poured with at least the minimum
required concrete temperature and requires a
Temperatura površine betonskog elementa ne sme prolonged curing period.
pasti ispod 3°C sve dok čvrstoća te površine betona ne
dostigne minimalnu vrednost od 5 MPa, sto je The concrete surface temperature shall not fall
dovoljno da se odupre smrzavanju i bude bez below 3°C until the concrete surface compressive
oštećenja. strength has reached a minimum value of 5 MPa,
where freezing can be resisted without damage.
Zimski uslovi su definisani u PBAB-u 87., kao period
u kome je u tri uzastopna dana najmanja srednja Winter conditions are defined in PBAB 87, as the
dnevna temperatura ispod +5°C. Pravilnik propisuje i to period in which the minimum daily temperature is
da temperatura betona pri ugrađivanju ne sme biti niža below +5° C for three consecutive days. The rules
od +5°C. book also prescribes that the temperature of
Ovim je naglašeno i to da će se posebna pažnju treba concrete during installation must not be lower than
obratiti na proizvodnju i zaštitu betona. + 5 ° C.
This emphasizes that attention should be on the
production and protection of concrete.
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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Sprečavanje naglog gubljenja toplote betona u Preventing from rashly cooling of concrete
trenutku ugradnje, obezbeđuje se sledećim at the very concreting process is provided by:
postupcima:
Placing the cover over the formwork
Pokrivanjem preko oplate nakon
structure
betoniranja;
Heating the formwork and
Grejanjem oplate i armature
reinforcement structure with electrical
kaloriferima, mašinom za zaparivanjem
calorifiers, steamer or hot water, right
(tzv.”parnjačom“) ili toplom vodom,
before the very concreting process
neposredno pre ugrađivanja betona;
Covering the concrete with nylon (PVC
Pokrivanje betona najlonskim
foil) that prevents concrete from
pokrivkama, geotekstilom ili sličnim
releasing of temperature and provides
materi koje sprečavaju gubljenje toplote
the selfheating of concrete by
betona i omogućavaju samozagrevanje
hydration warmth.
betona razvijenom toplotom hidratacije.
Heating the surrounding area with
Ukoliko se desi da je temperatura
calorifiers or steamer, and maintaining
ugrađenog betona u intervalu od 0 do
the concrete humidity, that provides
+5°C, zagrevanjem okolnog prostora
heating of concrete up to temperature
kaloriferom ili mašinom za zaparivanjem
higher than +5°C and the start of
(tzv“parnjača“) uz neophodno
hydration process, all this in case of the
održavanje vlažnosti betona, beton će se
inbuilt concrete temperature being
zagrejati do +5°C, i započeti proces
between 0°C and +5°C.
hidratacije.
Adding additives to concrete, during
Dodavanje aditiva protiv smrzavanja u
construction or on site
betonsku mešavinu, pri spravljanju ili na
licu mesta.
When concreting an element, when the
Prilikom betoniranja nekog elementa, kada concrete come at site, samples are taken from
beton stigne na gradilište, iz svežeg betona se fresh concrete (concrete cubes 15x15x15cm)
uzimaju uzorci (betonske kocke 15x15x15cm) i and the temperature is checked. In the range of:
provera se temperatura. Ukoliko je ona:
- Između +5°C i +10°C – u tom slučaju - between +5°C and +10°C – we place
izbetonirani element će se pokrivati nakon covers on the element after concreting so the
betoniranja i tako se stvaraju uslovi za cement’s hydration process could start.
hidrataciju cementa i vezivanja betona.
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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pokriven. Nakon 24 sati od betoniranja i concreting and after heating, the strength of the
nakon zagrevanja, na licu mesta proverava concrete on the concrete sample is checked on
se ćvrstoća betona na betonskom uzorku – i the spot - and if the result shows that the
ako rezultat pokazuje da je čvrstoća betona strength of the concrete has reached 30% of the
dostigla 30% od projektovane marke betona, designed concrete grade, concrete protection
obustavljaju se mere zaštite betona u measures are suspended in cold weather
hladnim vremenskim uslovima, a ako nije conditions. the above strength, the heating
dostignuta gore navedena čvrstoća, proces process continues.
zagrevanja se nastavlja.
3.1 Posebne mere kod betoniranja šipova u 3.1 Special measures for concreting process
hladnim vremenskim uslovima in cold weather conditions
Šipovi - betonski radovi na ovim elementima Piles - concrete works for these elements can be
mogu se izvoditi sve dok se temperatura vazduha executed as long as the ambient temperature
ne spusti ispod -10°C, a to je zato što ne postoji does not lower under -10°C, since there is no
zone smrzavanja ispod 70 cm od kote terena. Ne freezing zone under 70cm from terrain
postoje posebne mere za betoniranje ovih elevation. There are no special measures for
elemenata u hladnim vremenskim uslovima, concreting these elements in cold weather
vodeći računa o temperaturi i upotrebi posebnih conditions, except respecting the obligating
aditiva po potrebi, a sve to prema PBAB ’87. temperature and usage of specific additives if
necessary, all this according to PBAB ’87.
3.2 Posebne mere kod betoniranja u hladnim
vremenskim uslovima - kod Naglavnih 3.2 Special measures for concreting process
greda/ Stubova / Ležišnih greda / in cold weather conditions – Pile
Montažnih nosača Caps/Piers/Pier Caps/Girders
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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3.3. Zaštita betona od isušivanja vetrom 3.3 Preventing concrete from drying out from
wind
Pored niskih temperatura, naročitu pažnju treba Beside the extremely low temperatures, careful
obratiti na nepovoljno dejstvo vetra. Zaštita se vrši attention will be paid to adversely effects of wind.
pokrivkama natopljenim vodom, koje istovremeno We use sodden covers which hold the necessary
zadržavaju neophodnu vlagu betona i sprečavaju humidity of concrete and at the same prevent the
isušivanje gornje površine sveže izbetoniranog upper surface of concreted element from drying
elementa. out too quickly.
Potrebno je voditi računa o dnevnim It is necessary to take care of daily oscillations of
oscilacijama temperature, naglih padova temperature, sudden temperature drops by night
temperature u toku noći i iznenadnih promena and sudden changes of weather conditions in less
vremena u periodu manjem od 24 h, od vedrog i than 24h period - from clear and dry to snowing. It
suvog, do snežnih padavina, i od ovakvih promena is necessary to ensure concreted elements from
unapred se obezbediti na jedan od opisanih načina. those conditions in advance.
Na gradilištu će biti obezbeđena dovoljna količina There will be enough blankets, nylons and
ćebadi i najlonskih pokrivki, koje su potrebne za awnings that are necessary for preventing
opisane vidove zaštite betona. concreted elements in cold weather conditions.
3.4 Posebne mere na fabrici betona 3.4 Special measures at concrete plant
Fabrika betona koja će snadbevati gradilište The concrete factory that will supply the
betonom je "Shandong Foreign Economic & construction site with concrete is "Shandong
Technical Cooperation CO. LTD" koja je locirana na Foreign Economic & Technical Cooperation CO.
petlji Lajkovac pored autoputa E-763. Posebne LTD", which is located on the Lajkovac loop next to
mere koje će se tamo sprovoditi su: the E-763 highway. The special measures that will
be implemented there are:
Zagrevanje vode
Heating of water
U samoj fabrici betona biće postavljena cisterna
za vodu sa grejačima koja će grejati vodu. Voda A water tank with heaters will be installed inside
unutra će se grejati do 80˚C a zatim će se mešati sa the concrete factory, which will heat the water. The
vodom iz bunara dok njena temperature ne bude water inside will be heated to 80˚C and then mixed
takva da će moći da se upotrebljava (oko ≈50˚C). with water from the well until its temperature is
Voda će se prvo pomešati sa agregatom pre such that it can be used (around ≈50˚C). The water
dodavanja cementa. Takođe, sve vodovodne will first be mixed with the aggregate before adding
instalacione cevi su pod zemljom, te nema the cement. Also, all plumbing installation pipes are
bojaznosti od smrzavanja istih. underground, so there is no fear of freezing them.
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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Za zaštitu agregata od smrzavanja i vlaženja, To protect the unit from freezing and wetting,
agregat će se iz velikih boksova prebacivati u manje the unit will be switched from large boxes to
boksove. Ti manji boksovi su zatvoreni sa tri strane smaller boxes. These smaller boxes are enclosed on
visokim betonskim zidovima i natkriveni three sides by high concrete walls and covered with
nadstrešnicom. Pored toga, agregat će sve vreme a canopy. In addition, the unit will always be
biti pokriven odozgo najlonom, geotekstilom ili covered from above with nylon, geotextile or other
drugim materijalom koji će sprečiti gubitak toplote, material that will prevent heat loss, and if
a po potrebi će biti zagrevani vrelim vazduhom necessary, they will be heated with hot air using a
pomoću kalorifera. heater.
Kako bi se osiguralo da se beton neće smrznuti To ensure that the concrete does not freeze at
u ranoj fazi nakon betoniranja, u danima kada je an early stage after concreting, on days when the
temperatura oko i ispod 0, u betonsku mešavinu će temperature is around and below 0, an anti-freeze
se, prema potrebi, dodavati aditiv protivu additive will be added to the concrete mix as
smrzavanja. Dodavanje aditiva u beton vršiće se u needed. Adding additives to the concrete will be
svemu prema uputstvima proizvođača. done according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Prilog 5: Izgled boksova za agregat u fabrici betona Attachment 5: Photos of aggregate boxes at a
concrete plant
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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4. Mere za bezbedan i zdrav rad pri radu 5. Measures for a safe and healthy work when
sa građevinskom mehanizacijom working with construction mechanization
Mehanizacija, odnosno oprema koja se The machinery or equipment used to perform the
koristi prilikom izvođenja radova mora biti u work must be properly and correct, which means that
ispravnom stanju, što znači da je održavana u it has been maintained in accordance with the
skladu sa uputstvima proizvođača, i da je manufacturer's instructions and has been inspected
pregledana sa aspekta bezbednosti za upotrebu for safety in accordance with the legal provisions. The
u skladu sa Zakonskim odredbama. machine can only be operated by workers who have
Mehanizacijom mogu da upravljaju samo radnici the appropriate certificate that they are trained to
koji poseduju odgovarajuće uverenje da su work with it and are medically fit to do so.
obučeni za rad sa njom i da su zdravstveno The mechanization schedule is done at the
sposobni za to. request of the work manager.
Raspored mehanizacije vrši se po nalogu If the machinery is leased from a third party, the
rukovodioca radova. responsible person at the construction site is obliged
Ukoliko se mehanizacija uzima u zakup od to provide the lessor with evidence that the
trećeg lica, odgovorno lice na gradilištu je dužno machinery is correct and that safeguards have been
da od zakupodavca obezbedi dokaze da je applied to it.
mehanizacija ispravna i da su na njoj primenjene Prior to any interruption of operation, the
mere zaštite. operator is obliged to disconnect the machinery from
Pre svakog prekida rada rukovaoc je dužan the plant and to secure it from being switched on by
da isključi mehanizaciju iz pogona, i da je unauthorized persons.
obezbedi od uključenja od strane neovlašćenih After the day's work is completed, the machinery
lica. should be parked in a safe place in accordance with
Po završetku dnevnog rada mehanizaciju the instructions of the work manager.
treba parkirati na bezbednom mestu u skladu sa
uputstvima rukovodioca radova.
Organizing first aid at the site
Organizovanje prve pomoći na gradilištu
All injured and terminally ill persons at the site
Svim povređenim i naglo obolelim licima na must be provided with first aid (PP) to eliminate the
gradilištu mora se pružiti stručna prva pomoć immediate danger to the life or health of workers,
(PP) radi otklanjanja neposredne opasnosti po with the simultaneous call of an ambulance and the
život ili zdravlje radnika uz istovremeni poziv transport of the injured person to the nearest health
hitne pomoći i transport povređenog do najbliže care institution or hospital.
zdravstvene ustanove Dom zdravlja ili bolnice.
The construction site has first aid cabinets: with
Gradilište poseduje ormariće za prvu pomoć: the site manager, with a stable circular saw and,
kod rukovodioca gradilišta, kod stabilnog where necessary, other places, equipped with
cirkulara i po potrebi na drugim mestima, necessary medical supplies and first aid equipment
snabdevene potrebnim sanitetskim materijalom (hereinafter referred to as first aid cabinet).
i sredstvima za pružanje prve pomoći (u daljem
The PP cabinet must contain the required amount
tekstu ormarić za pružanje prve pomoći).
of sanitary material sterile first bandage, calyx
U ormariću PP mora da stoji propisana bandage and compression bandage, patches,
količina sanitetskog materijala sterilni prvi zavoj, triangular scarves, safety pins, esmarh cotton swabs,
kaliko zavoj i kompresivni zavoj, flasteri i anatomic forceps, splints, scissors, NaHCO rinses 33%
hanzaplast, i trouglaste marame, igle sigurnice, hydrogen, leather belts, 60%alcohol, plastic cup.
vate “esmarh” poveska anatomske pincete,
udlage, makaze, tamponi za ispiranje NaHCO
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Project: State road I b category No.27 Loznica – Valjevo - Date:
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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Pristup gradilištu zaposlenih i opreme je Access to the construction site of employees and
moguć samo ako su na gradilištu ispunjeni svi equipment is only possible if all technical and safety
tehnički i sigurnosni uslovi za rad. conditions for operation are fulfilled at the
Zaposleni se raspoređuje na radne zadatke construction site.
zavisno od stručne spreme i radnih sposobnosti.
The employee is assigned to Work assignments
Novoprimljeni radnik pre stupanja na rad depending on his/ her education and work ability.
mora biti osposobljen za bezbedan i zdrav rad i The newly recruited worker must be trained in
mora biti upoznat sa Elaboratom o uređenju health and safety before entering work and must be
gradilišta i dopunom Elaborata. familiar with the Elaborate on the completion of the
construction site and the amendment of the
Zaposleni je dužan da se pridržava utvrđenih Elaborate.
procedura pri radu i da radi sa punom pažnjom The employee is obliged to follow the established
radi bezbednosti svog života i zdravlja, kao i procedures at work and to work with full care for the
života i zdravlja ostalih zaposlenih u procesu. safety of his life and health, as well as the life and
Zaposleni je obavezan da se pridržava utvrđenih health of other employees in the process. The
preventivnih mera za bezbedan i zdrav rad, da employee is obliged to follow the established
pravilno rukuje opremom, sredstvima i preventive measures for safe and healthy work, to
materijalom za rad i da postupa po uputstvu properly handle the equipment, means and materials
proizvođača opreme. for work and to act on the instructions of the
manufacturer of the equipment.
Zaposleni ima obavezu i pravo da koristi
propisanu opremu i sredstva za ličnu zaštitu na The employee has the obligation and the right to
radu, da pažljivo rukuje njima i da je održava u use the prescribed equipment and personal
čistom i ispravnom stanju. protective equipment at work, to carefully handle
them and to keep them in a clean and proper
condition.
Radnik je dužan da napusti mesto rada
ukoliko mu je neposredno ugrožena bezbednost The worker is obliged to leave the place of work if
i život, o čemu obaveštava neposrednog he or she is in immediate danger of safety and life,
rukovodioca. Zaposleni je dužan da odmah which he informs the immediate manager. The
prijavi sve zapažene nedostatke, kvarove ili employee is obliged to immediately report any
druge pojave koje mogu ugroziti bezbednost. observed defects, malfunctions or other occurrences
that could endanger safety.
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Zaposleni bez saglasnosti neposrednog The employee must not leave the workplace or
rukovodioca ne sme napuštati radno mesto ili se move outside the designated work space without the
kretati van predviđenog prostora za rad, niti sme consent of the immediate supervisor, or change the
samovoljno menjati vrstu posla i procedure type of work and work procedures himself.
rada.
Zaposlenom pod dejstvom alkohola ili drugih The contractor must prohibit work and access to
oblika zavisnosti rukovodilac radova mora the construction site to the employee under the
zabraniti rad i pristup gradilištu. influence of alcohol or other forms of addictions.
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Subject: Method Statement for concreting in cold
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